Such vegetable crop, like cabbage, is grown by many summer residents. To date, there are many hybrid varieties that are endowed with quality properties(cold resistance, increased productivity, resistance to sudden changes in weather conditions and to a variety of diseases). Among them there are specially bred varieties of cabbage for Siberia. The climate in these regions most year is unstable and rather cold. Along with other vegetables, cabbage has one of the highest rates of hardening. It can withstand temperatures down to -7 0 C.
They are preferred for Siberia. The most popular type, which is often grown for pickling and pickling, is white cabbage. Before landing in open ground, seeds must be germinated on. None of the local gardeners recommends planting seeds directly in open ground, except perhaps under a greenhouse. The best varieties cabbage for Siberia - Hope, Polar K-206 and Blizzard. They perfectly withstand the harsh conditions of the local climate and give a high yield. The parameters of the fruits are the same, medium size. From one square meter, you can collect up to 5-7 heads weighing up to 4.5 kg. Well proven and hybrid varieties white cabbage: Dawn, Dumas, Gribovsky.
Among the mid-season for Siberia - Gift, Sibiryachka, Slava-1305, Belarus, Yubileiny F1. They are most often grown in garden beds summer cottages.
For Siberia, it is grown less frequently. The purpose of her landing is to plan for more long-term storage fresh. Among the popular varieties, they note Winter Gribovskaya, Amager, Dobrovolskaya.
What are the best varieties of cauliflower for Siberia?
The second most popular is color. She loves to grow in conditions of good illumination and saturation of space with sunlight. Nevertheless, cauliflower varieties for Siberia adapted very well to the conditions of these climatic conditions. The plant can easily tolerate even slight frosts. But at temperatures below 5 degrees, the head of the vegetable may freeze, as a result of which it will not be suitable for food. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the weather conditions and harvest on time.
When growing cauliflower, it is very important to adhere to the growing season, because the summer in Siberia is short.
The best varieties of cauliflower for Siberia should be highlighted:
Purple ball, Amphora F1, Cheddar F1 are also the best cabbage varieties for Siberia. Reviews of many summer residents testify to this.
Also, some summer residents plant broccoli and Beijing cabbage. Due to the colder climate, they are, in most cases, grown under film or in mini-greenhouses. But there are also hybrid varieties that can withstand the conditions of the Siberian climate. Among them, the following are popular for Siberia:
Also grown to a lesser extent are varieties such as Kudesnitsa, Lenok.
Varieties of broccoli for Siberia:
Many people believe that the Siberian climate is very unsuitable for growing cabbages. But this is by no means the case. Many summer residents have already learned how to grow this garden crop, they select the appropriate varieties and successfully receive a decent reward for their work.
Cabbage is one of the most ancient garden crops; historians date the cultivation of this popular vegetable to the 4th century BC. Cabbage is especially valued in our northern latitudes due to its cold resistance, variety of cooking methods and the ability to keep fresh for a long time. After all, the absolute champion in popularity, potatoes, our "second bread", began to be grown everywhere only at the beginning of the 20th century. And before that, for many centuries, cabbage, along with turnips, was the most common vegetable.
Over the past 100 years, breeders have bred so many varieties of cabbage that it is not easy to understand this variety. Early varieties, varieties for salting, for storage, zoned for different regions... Let's take a look at the best varieties of cabbage in order. Let's start with the white one.
Early varieties of cabbage have the following features:
- short ripening period (90-120 days from germination), collection is carried out in June-July, when other varieties are still developing;
- grassy-green leaves, very tender, juicy, ideal for salads, light summer cabbage soup;
- heads of cabbage are small or even small, often loose;
- low yield,
- not stored for a long time
- plants are unpretentious, can grow in cramped conditions and on poor soils.
Usually one bed of early cabbage is enough for seasonal consumption, on which it is good to organize a conveyor from ultra-early, early and medium-early.
Universal early varieties
Among the early varieties, a group of universal ones can be distinguished, which grow equally well in all regions of Russia. They are also the most suitable for the Far East, the south of Western Siberia, the Southern Urals and central Russia, including the Moscow region.
June
A 1967 variety from the VNIISSOK collection. The forks are very dense for an early variety. Cold-resistant, withstands early frosts. Tolerates drought well. Not prone to the formation of flower arrows. Heads of 1.0-2.5 kg, do not crack. The taste is delicate.
Number one Gribovsky 147
The oldest variety of 1937, VNIISSOK selection, ripens 1-2 weeks later than June, so it is good to plant them together to extend the season of consumption. The forks are round, rarely oval, and may crack. Normally tolerates low temperatures and drought. Head weight 1.1-1.8 kg.
Number one Polar K 206
An old early variety, bred in 1937 on the basis of No. 1 Gribovsky. It ripens a week later than Gribovsky, is similar to him, but has a number of advantages:
- forms larger heads of cabbage weighing 1.9-2.8 kg,
- more productive (4.7-5.9 kg/m),
- does not ripen at the same time, which allows you to increase the period of consumption;
- when grown in the Far North, it is used for pickling and keeping fresh until January.
This early hybrid, bred by the Krasnodar Research Institute of Rice in 1994, over the past 20 years has become very popular among summer residents and farmers. Disease-resistant, cold-resistant, does not tolerate temperatures above 25 degrees. Grows well in greenhouses. Heads of cabbage weighing 0.8-1.2 kg, the leaves inside are yellowish-cream, do not crack. Yielding, it reacts to fertilization with an increased size of the forks.
Medium-early very productive (5.0-8.5 kg/m) variety, bred by specialists from the N.I. Vavilov Institute in St. Petersburg. It is grown both in garden partnerships and in large farms. Forks are average in density, weighing 1.6-3.3 kg. Unpretentious, resistant to drought and shooting.
Early varieties for the North, the Urals and Siberia
This group includes the best cabbage varieties developed by breeders specifically for regions with a short northern summer - the Middle and Northern Urals, Eastern Siberia, the north of the European part and Western Siberia.
early maturing
early maturing
An old early variety, bred by breeders of the Sortsemovoshch association in 1968. In terms of ripening and taste, it is similar to June, but not as fruitful, heads of cabbage weigh only 900-1300 g. Cold-resistant, light-loving and moisture-loving. It grows well on the peat bogs of the Leningrad region.
Super early hybrid (90-97 days). Round forks weighing 1.0-1.5 kg. Cold resistant.
A new but already very popular mid-early hybrid from Syngenta. The State Register recommends growing this variety in the North-West, the Urals, the Volga-Vyatka region and Eastern Siberia. Not susceptible to Fusarium wilt. Forks weighing 1.4-1.8 kg, taste good.
Mid-season varieties
Mid-season varieties of white cabbage are most often grown by summer residents and villagers, as they are best suited for sauerkraut, a favorite way of harvesting cabbage in Russia.
Distinctive features:
- the growing season is 130-170 days, they begin to ripen when the early varieties are already departing;
- fork density is average,
- leaves are juicy, white inside, contain a lot of sugars;
- high yield,
- best for pickling and canning,
- stored for a short time, maximum until the New Year.
Universal mid-season varieties
Glory 1305
For almost 80 years, this variety has remained the most beloved among the people, despite the huge number of new products. Sweet and juicy Slava leaves are very tasty fresh and perfect for pickling. Forks gain weight of 2.4-4.5 kg. They are stored for a short time, 2 months.
Another popular old variety. Very good for fermentation, kept fresh until the New Year. Forks are dense, weighing 1.3-4.1 kg, do not crack.
The most productive mid-season cabbage of domestic selection. Ripens in August, stored until February. Delicious both sour and fresh. Dense plugs weighing 3.0-3.5 kg do not crack. The average yield is 7.5-11.9 kg/m.
Rinda F1
Mid-season Dutch hybrid from Monsanto. The forks are dense, with a pleasant taste, they are stored for a long time on the vine. The inner leaves are white with a yellow tint. Unpretentious to growing conditions, can be re-sown in the summer. Delicious both fresh and canned. Stored until the New Year. Head weight 3.3-3.6 kg, very productive, about 9 kg/m.
Mid-late variety of 1960 VNIISSOK selection. Disease-resistant, stored for 6 months. Heads of cabbage are very dense, 2.6-4.4 kg each, do not crack. From one sq. m can collect up to 10 kg of cabbage. Delicious, good for pickling.
Mid-late very productive hybrid from the Dutch company Bejo Zaden. Cold-resistant, resistant to keel, gray mold, Fusarium wilt. Can be planted more densely than other varieties. Heads of cabbage grow up to 10 kg, tasty, very good in pickled form. Stored until January. Suitable for growing for sale in large farms.
Mid-season varieties for the North, the Urals and Siberia
Cabbage is a cold-resistant plant, it can grow normally at a temperature of 10-15 degrees. Almost all universal mid-season varieties grow well in regions with short, cool summers. But there are several, bred specifically for the North, the Urals and Siberia.
Mid-season, ripens a week later than Belorusskaya. Tolerates cold weather well. The forks are moderately dense, weighing 2.1-4.3 kg, do not crack. Good both fresh and pickled. Stored up to 4 months. Productivity is 3.4-8.6 kg/m.
Middle-late, zoned in Eastern and Western Siberia. Rarely gets sick. Forks are dense, weighing 2.3-4.5 kg, do not crack, good taste. Florin is grown for winter storage and fresh consumption.
Late varieties of white cabbage
A group of varieties with the longest growing season, they are grown for laying in storage and for consumption in winter and spring.
Characteristics of late-ripening varieties:
- long vegetation (160-210 days pass from germination to ripening),
- hard leaves with low sugar content, sometimes with a bitter taste;
- taste becomes more pleasant during storage,
- forks are very tight
- stored in a cool room for up to 7 months.
Universal late-ripening varieties
Bred by employees of the VNIISSOK Institute in 1937. It tolerates frosts down to -5-8 degrees. It is weakly affected by insects, but often suffers from vascular bacteriosis and Fusarium wilt. Moisture-loving, does not tolerate heat well. Forks are very dense weighing 2.6-3.6 kg, guaranteed to be stored until April, and when good conditions until June. The leaves have a bitter taste that disappears by spring.
Bred at the Gribov vegetable breeding station in 1937. Cold-resistant, not damaged during early and late frosts. Responds very well to watering and fertilizing. Dense forks have a mass of 3.5-5.0 kg. An excellent variety for pickling. Grown in commercial quantities.
Popular new hybrid. Very late. Originator - breeding station named after N.N. Timofeev. Resistant to Fusarium wilt. The forks are very dense, weighing 3.0-4.0 kg. The leaves are juicy and sweet. Stored until July. Good pickled, fresh, stewed, in soups.
Late maturing Dutch hybrid. The forks are dense, 1.6-2.4 kg each, do not crack. It is recommended to eat fresh or leave for winter storage.
Late maturing disease-resistant hybrid. The harvest ripens 154-170 days after the shoots have appeared. The forks are very dense, weighing 2.5-2.8 kg. The taste is good, cabbage is stored until May.
Late varieties for the North, the Urals and Siberia
Since summer is short in Siberia, the Urals and the North, late-ripening varieties that have been zoned long term vegetation, very little. However, the best universal varieties cabbages can also be planted in these areas.
It is zoned in Eastern Siberia and the North Caucasus. The forks are round, slightly elongated, very dense, weighing 2.3 kg, do not crack. The inner leaves are creamy white. The taste is good, can be used for fermentation. Stored up to 9 months.
Varieties of cauliflower
Cauliflower differs markedly from white cabbage, inflorescences, not leaves, are used for food in this species. They are more nutritious, but also a little more difficult to grow. Help in getting good harvest will become right choice varieties of cauliflower. Since there is usually not enough space in greenhouses, consider which ones are most effective to grow in open ground.
early varieties of cauliflower
Movir-74
An old early variety, included in the register in 1969. Ready for harvest 50-55 days after transplanting. Cold hardy, drought tolerant. Heads of white or yellowish-white color, weighing 500-1400 g. Quick ripening period allows you to get 2 crops per season.
Snowball 123 (Snowball)
Mid-early variety of French selection. It is not affected by diseases, it grows well both in greenhouses and in open ground. The heads are snow-white, very hard, weighing 600-800 g.
Fremont F1
Mid-early hybrid from Monsanto. Perfectly ties heads even on very warm nights. The heads are closed, smooth, dense, without germinating upper leaves, large, weighing 1.5-2.0 kg. The taste is excellent.
Mid-season varieties of cauliflower
Parisian
Mid-season cold-resistant variety. The heads are dense, weighing 750 g. The taste is good.
Very unusual plants, combine high decorativeness and good taste. They will become a decoration of the dacha due to the bright purple color of the heads. The heads are dense, weighing 900 g, rich in anthocyanins.
Amerigo F1
Mid-late hybrid. Cold-resistant, easily tolerates early frosts. Heat resistant. The heads are covered with dense white, weighing an average of 1.5 kg. Tastes great.
Another variety that has a decorative effect, in addition to good taste. Beautiful yellow-green heads weighing 400 g. Medium-late in terms of maturation.
Late varieties of cauliflower
This hybrid is valued for high yield, 3.5-5.6 kg/m. The heads are dense whitish, covered with leaves, weighing 1.9-3.5 kg. The taste is wonderful.
Cortes F1
Another late productive hybrid from the Dutch company Syngenta. The head is covered with leaves, dense white, weighing 0.6-2.0 kg. The pulp is juicy, has a good taste.
All the varieties of cauliflower listed above are universal, they can be grown throughout Russia.
Features of growing cauliflower
In general, the growing algorithm is almost the same as that of white cabbage. But there are also features that cannot be ignored:
- the soil must be well fertilized;
- top dressing with boron and molybdenum is obligatory ( boric acid, potassium magnesia);
- during the ripening period, you need to break the top leaves, covering the heads from the sun (in new Dutch varieties self-covering heads);
- overripe should not be allowed, otherwise the heads will darken, become loose and bloom.
If there is enough space on the site, then it is advisable to plant the best varieties of cabbage suitable for the area. different terms maturing to have this delicious vegetable on the table throughout the year. In June and July - early, from August to the New Year - mid-season, from January to May - late varieties of cabbage. And do not stop at the white head, try to grow colored, broccoli, Brussels sprout, red head, kohlrabi, Savoy, Beijing, leafy. All of them are very different, and each is tasty and useful in its own way.
Video
Cauliflower is a useful vegetable for the human body. It contains many valuable substances that have a positive effect in the treatment various diseases. In order for a vegetable to always be on the table, you must first grow it. How cauliflower is planted, how to care for it, what varieties exist, read the article.
General information
Cauliflower is a common vegetable. Thanks to appearance often called curly. Its cultivation took place in Syria, cabbage then bore the same name with the country. For a long time, the Arab countries were the place of growth, and only in the 12th century it was taken by merchants to Spain.
During the Middle Ages, a vegetable from Syria comes to Cyprus, from where it was supplied to European countries for sale. Cultivation of cauliflower in Western Europe began in the 14th century. To date, the vegetable is widespread and successfully grown in Europe, America, Japan and China.
Growing Rules
In order to obtain a marketable appearance of heads rich in vitamins and minerals, when growing a crop, it is important to take into account the characteristics of cabbage, and most importantly, follow agrotechnical rules and practices.
- Varieties of this type of vegetable tend to accumulate a lot of nitrates in the heads. is no exception and cauliflower. Care and cultivation healthy vegetable carried out only under the condition proper feeding seedlings. Many gardeners use compost or fresh manure for this. This is strictly prohibited. It is the lack of potassium and fresh manure that creates an ideal environment for the accumulation of nitrates. Such cabbage will not bring benefits.
- Nitrates in the heads accumulate in large quantities if cauliflower is planted too often. Care and cultivation in this case cause difficulties: some agrotechnical measures are not carried out on time. This is the reason for the accumulation of harmful substances.
- Vegetables are grown in moderately moist soil, so you need to constantly monitor that it does not dry out and crack, otherwise you can not expect a good harvest.
- Planting cauliflower is done on beds where tomatoes, cucumbers or potatoes grew before it. It is impossible that cruciferous cultures were its predecessors.
- Planting cauliflower on one bed is carried out for three years. In the future, you need to change the place where the vegetable grows.
Landing dates
Cauliflower is bred in two ways, seed and seedlings. For the Far East region, the latter method is more suitable. To long time to harvest inflorescences, planting cauliflower in open ground is carried out three times a season.
There are varieties of cauliflower early, medium late and late:
- Early varieties of culture. They begin to be planted in open ground in mid-April and continue until mid-May. Seedlings by this time will reach the age of 30-60 days. Seeds for its cultivation are sown throughout the month of March, from the first day to the last.
- Medium-late varieties of this vegetable. Planting cauliflower in open ground is carried out throughout May, and sometimes until the middle of the month following it. Seedling age is 35-40 days. Seeds begin to be sown in the first ten days of April and finish in May at the same time.
- late varieties. When to plant cauliflower seedlings? Landing is carried out in the first decade of July. Seedlings reach by this time 30-35 days of age. For sowing seeds for seedlings, the entire first decade of June is used. Varieties late cabbage do not have time to mature in the garden. They are transferred to the basement, where the cabbage will grow.
Soil for seedlings
Planting cauliflower seeds is carried out in boxes or containers filled with soil, which you can buy at the store or cook yourself. To do this, a soil mixture is made, for which earth is taken from the garden, peat and sand in equal proportions. Instead of peat and sand, you can use purchased soil and perlite. Cauliflower seedlings will feel comfortable growing in such soil.
Growing seedlings
First you need to prepare the seeds. They are pre-soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection for 30 minutes. Then they dry a little and start sowing. It is better to use disposable cups, each with a few seeds in case of poor germination. Cauliflower seedlings are grown indoors with different temperature regime. First, boxes with seedlings are kept in a room with an air temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.
The seeds will germinate in about five days. After the emergence of seedlings, the temperature in the room should be 7 degrees, the cabbage is not afraid of the cold. Under such conditions, the seedlings will not grow rapidly and stretch upwards. For five days in the room you need to maintain this temperature, and then raise it to 15 degrees. After 10 days after that, you can start picking seedlings.
Seedling planting method
Growing cauliflower in open ground is most often carried out through seedlings. The beds are prepared in advance. Fertilizer is incorporated into the soil when it is dug up. per meter square square vegetable garden is brought in wood ash, superphosphate, urea, humus or rotted manure in the amount of 500: 50: 40 grams and 2.5 kilograms. After that, lumps are broken, the surface is harrowed. Then the holes are filled and filled with ash.
The planting pattern depends on the variety of cabbage. Early vegetables are planted taking into account 60x30 centimeters, mid-season and late - 70x35. For landing, you can also use the scheme of 50x50 centimeters. Wood ash in the amount of 50-70 grams and a liter of water are added to each hole. Cauliflower seedlings intended for planting in the ground must be strong. From elongated plants with pale leaves, full-fledged heads of cabbage will not grow.
It does not always work out a single planting of cauliflower. plant neighbors such as lettuce, turnip, radish, spices compact it. They are planted in rows with the distance between them in one row-spacing.
In order for the seedlings to take root faster, when planting it is deepened to the first leaves, the apical bud should remain on the surface. Then the earth around the plant is compacted, watered and mulched. For this, dry soil is used. Plantings are covered for some time with a film, creating a greenhouse effect under it. After two weeks, cabbage should be spudded to a small height, 6-8 centimeters is enough.
Seedless growing method
Cauliflower is grown in different ways. Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in March. Cabbage from seeds grown outdoors with clean air very soon it will catch up and even outstrip greenhouse seedlings in growth.
Growing cauliflower outdoors from seed is rarely used. Before sowing, they need to be sorted out, all unusable ones removed. Remaining planting material need to pour hot water for 30 minutes, after which it is drained, and the seeds are quickly placed in cold water for cooling. The last soaking is done in a solution of potassium permanganate, for which the seeds are placed in it for a period of half a day.
For sowing in the beds, furrows are made one and a half centimeters deep. Seeds are sprinkled with soil and well watered, for which a sprayer is used. If watered with a ladle, crops can be accidentally washed out.
Watering
Cauliflower is a moisture-loving vegetable. Does not tolerate drought well. How often to water cauliflower? During the entire vegetative period, this should be done repeatedly, up to 4-5 times. Watering should be plentiful: two buckets per square meter. They need to be alternated with a little soil moisture. It is enough to water each plant with two liters of water. Cabbage responds well to sprinkling. It raises the humidity of the air and lowers the temperature.
After each watering or rain, the soil must be loosened so that a crust does not form. Mulch to retain moisture. To do this, use peat, straw, humus. Young seedlings planted in the ground especially need moisture. The first time it needs to be watered several times during the week. When it grows up, watering should be reduced, and then completely done as needed. It is important that water does not linger for a long time during irrigation in the beds.
top dressing
The best growth of cauliflower provide organic fertilizers. The introduction of mullein into the soil or bird droppings carried out once every 10 days throughout the growing season. Mullein is diluted with water 1:10, and litter - 1:15.
The first dressing of cauliflower is done for each plant. Its volume is half a liter, and the subsequent - one liter. Cabbage is not against foliar top dressing, for which urea, superphosphate, potash fertilizers in the amount of 20, 50, 20 grams are diluted in a bucket of water. The prepared solution is sprayed with green mass weekly.
Snowball
This is the most common culture of the species, which can be found more often than others in the store. Its heads have an average weight of 700-900 grams, but can reach one kilogram. Cabbage is resistant to pests and changing weather conditions, which increases its yield. Using the compact planting method, you can grow more plants, from which, accordingly, the harvest is richer.
This is an early cabbage, ripens in 65-110 days. In regions with a suitable climate, it is planted three times a year. She has a drawback - yields are low. But this cabbage with many virtues that overlap them. Good crops are harvested by repeatedly growing cabbage in one season.
Romanesco
This variety type was bred by breeders empirically on the basis of Roman cabbage - a hybrid of cauliflower and broccoli. The vegetable looks fantastic. The composition of the inflorescence includes small green pyramids, similar to sea shells. This hybrid has a subtle, creamy-nutty taste. The shelf life is short. To prolong it, the cabbage is frozen, while all beneficial features. This vegetable very quickly became popular in all countries of the world.
Romanesco has other names: in Israel - Coral, in Poland and Germany - Pyramidal, in Russia - Emerald Cup, Pearl. Known hybrids Dutch selection- Amphora, Veronica, Shannon.
Snowball 123
This variety was bred by French breeders. It can be grown in almost all regions of our country, even in the Urals. This cabbage ripens early. Possesses low resistance to cold. Seedlings can be exposed to spring frosts, so they need to be protected from them. For the formation of heads to be successful, molybdenum or boron must be added to the soil. The snow-white, dense head has a rounded flat shape and an average weight of up to one kilogram. Leaves cover it well. Cabbage is great taste qualities.
Fargo F1
This is a hybrid of the Dutch selection. Gives high yields, growing in the regions of the middle zone of our country. The hard head is whitish-yellow in color and elliptical in shape. It is covered with leaves, weighs 1-1.6 kilograms. Has excellent taste. Cabbage is suitable for growing in summer and autumn.
rainbow cabbage
This common name combines cauliflower, the heads of which are yellow, green, orange, pink, purple, purple. The best varieties of cauliflower, as well as its hybrids, have different names and head colors. These masterpieces have undeniable benefits. Growing in the garden, they give it an exotic look.
Cauliflower will decorate any dish. But you should always remember that this vegetable is more capricious than traditional crops of this species; stressful growing conditions are not suitable for it. The heads are not large and fall apart quickly.
- Yellow and orange heads in Dutch F1 hybrids Yarik, Cheddar and Collage. Valued for their high content of carotene.
- Cabbage varieties with green heads - Emerald, Universal, Moonlight; F1 hybrids - Travi, Green, Vitaverde. This cabbage is rich in oxidants that have the ability to slow down the aging of the body.
- Violet and Magenta Heads - F1 Graffiti, Purple, Purple Ball, F1 Purple Queen. These vegetables are rich in antocides that benefit blood vessels and the heart.
harvesting cabbage
Vegetables are harvested when they are fully ripe, but not allowed until the heads become loose and the inflorescences bloom. From healthy plants with cut heads and powerful leaves, you can get a second crop. For this, one strong shoot is left on the stem. It needs to be looked after as the main crop. New heads can weigh up to 500 grams.
Heads of cabbage with late planting dates do not always ripen at the time of harvest. Such cabbage is sent to the basement, where it will ripen. To do this, a large clod of earth is left on the roots. Plants are placed at a close distance from one another, sprinkled with soil and watered.
Benefit
Cauliflower is an easy product for the body to digest due to its low fiber content, the gastric mucosa is less irritated by its juice. This vegetable is recommended for use by people with stomach diseases, as well as for children and especially diet food.
Cabbage is useful for diseases of blood vessels, heart, liver. It is recommended for patients with diabetes. It normalizes cholesterol and glucose in the blood. The content of tartanic acid in the composition of cabbage allows you to use it to combat extra pounds.
Regular use of cauliflower relieves a person of fatigue, helps the endocrine system, prevents the development of cancerous tumors and even slows down their growth. Healing substances of cabbage help to eliminate toxins from the body.
This cabbage is especially useful for women. It gives elasticity to the skin, shine to the hair and hardness to the nails. By eating a vegetable, women become more beautiful. It is not contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Helps with constipation. Relieves women of the weight gained during pregnancy. Masks based on cauliflower prevent skin flaking and remove unnecessary fine wrinkles.
Usage
For eating use inflorescences, that is, heads. Leaves and flowers in rare cases are used for cooking. The heads are first boiled, and then stewed or fried. They are used for salting, pickling, canning, freezing. They make broths and soups. Fresh vegetables are used to prepare salads, decorate dishes with them. Leaves and flowers are used as additives to meat and vegetable salads, side dishes, soups. Experienced chefs prepare second courses from them.
Cauliflower: diseases and pests
At the cauliflower weak immunity. She's amazed powdery mildew. More often when it grows in greenhouse conditions. The disease develops due to poor ventilation of cabbage bushes, excessive watering and compaction of plantings. You can get rid of it with antifungal drugs"Fitosporin", "Topaz" and others.
In cabbage, after planting it in the ground, vascular bacteriosis can develop. It manifests itself in the form of pale leaves that have lost their elasticity. Pale yellow spots appear between the veins. Leaves gradually fade. Plant growth slows down. During the period of head formation, bacteriosis mucous develops on plants. The heads are covered with black rot, it is not possible to get at least some kind of crop.
Cauliflower has pests that can destroy the entire crop. The vegetable is especially afraid of the cabbage fly, which lays its white eggs on the stem at a short distance from the ground. The pest is controlled with insecticides. The solution is poured under the root, it should not get on the plant. If the heads are already tied, it is impossible to treat the plants with insecticides.
Not less than dangerous pest is the cabbage moth. She lays her eggs on leaves. Caterpillars are very voracious. If you miss the time, they will eat everything. In the case of a strong spread of moths, the entire plant is sprayed.
Used for pest control folk ways. You need to pick a burdock. Fill the third part of the bucket with it and fill it with water. Let it infuse for three days. Then the solution is filtered. They spray vegetables 3-4 times in a row at intervals of a week.
Romanesco cabbage is a bright and useful garden decoration. It is suitable for lovers of exotic vegetables. Combination different varieties allows you to enjoy the taste of cabbage during the summer season and enjoy the colorful mass of vegetables.
Cauliflower, depending on the variety, gives a stable harvest in various climatic conditions. The conditions for growing cauliflower varieties for the middle lane differ from the southern regions.
- Use of hybrids of local selection. In the region, hybrids grown specifically for given conditions take root better.
- Boarding dates. If varieties and hybrids of foreign selection are used, they are adapted to local conditions.
- Resistant to weather and disease. The best growth rates are given by varieties that are immune to a wide range of diseases.
- Use of varietal seeds. If you intend to use cauliflower seeds for the next year, then you should give preference to varietal species.
- planting various kinds. To obtain a guaranteed result, from 4 to 7 species are bred on the site.
The best varieties of cauliflower for open ground in the middle lane are ultra-early or early species. They allow you to get the first harvest in the middle of summer.
Early ripe varieties
Early maturing species and varieties are the most widespread in the plots. Due to the short ripening period, they allow you to harvest before the onset of cold weather. The characteristic of early species allows them to be grown not only in closed greenhouses, but also on open ridges.
Alpha
Alpha is early ripe variety with good yield. Maturity of heads of cabbage occurs after 2 months from the moment of planting in the ground. The heads are rounded, white in color with pronounced large tubercles.
Alpha has excellent taste properties. Its advantages include long-term fruiting. The last harvest is taken with the onset of autumn frosts.
Vinson
Vinson cabbage is an early ripe hybrid with high commercial performance. The variety forms a vertical upright rosette. Heads of cabbage are medium in size, rounded in shape and small bumps.
A distinctive feature is a delicate texture and a mild pleasant taste. The average weight is slightly less than 2 kilograms. The largest specimens reach 3 kilograms. High palatability makes Vinson a competitive variety. Used for salads various dishes, freezing and conservation.
summer resident
Summer resident is an early ripe variety with a long fruiting period. The first harvest is taken already 3.5 months after seed germination. Heads of cabbage are distinguished by their round shape and medium weight. It reaches 1 kilogram.
The heads grow white, fine-grained, dense. Cream shades are allowed. Among gardeners, the variety has become widespread for its excellent taste. Cauliflower Dachnitsa is used fresh, for freezing and preservation. Differs in long keeping quality. When signs of leaf deformation appear, it requires the application of fertilizers containing nitrogen and potassium.
Guarantee
Cauliflower Guarantee is an ultra-early variety for unprotected areas. Received good feedback due to the formation of large heads covered with protective sheet plates. Heads of cabbage have the correct spherical shape with white fine grain.
Description of breeders characterize the Guarantee as a variety with a pronounced taste. Harmonious ripening of the crop makes automated harvesting possible. The advantages of the variety include resistance to bacteriosis. The grade perfectly transfers storage and transportation.
goat dereza
Dereza goat is an early ripe variety of Russian selection. The leaves of the plant are green in color with a grayish wax coating.
The heads of the cauliflower Koza dereza are formed small sizes, spherical shape. Weight does not exceed 1 kilogram. Leaf coverage is not expressed. Differs in a wide scope in cookery.
Movir 74
Hybrid Movir 74 is an early ripe variety of compact size. The socket rarely grows more than 95 centimeters. The head has a rounded, slightly flattened shape. The largest specimens reach 25 centimeters. The mass of a mature head of cabbage ranges from 400 to 1400 grams.
Distinctive feature Movira is White color and bumpy surface. In some cases, the color of cabbage has yellow tint. The hybrid has the highest yields. WITH square meter lift up to 4 kilograms.
Movir gained popularity among gardeners for its excellent taste and versatility of use. It is used both fresh and canned. The variety is unpretentious in care, responds well to watering and top dressing. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, it allows you to harvest up to 2 crops per season.
Snowball 123
Cauliflower Snowball belongs to the ultra-early species. The first crop ripens approximately 3 months after the appearance of the first sprouts. It is recommended to use it fresh and frozen.
Snowball 123 forms rounded dense heads. Their average weight varies from 0.4 to 1 kilogram. Head color - pure, white. The surface of the cabbage is covered with covering leaves.
Express f1
Express is an ultra-early species with small heads. Large specimens do not exceed 500 grams in weight. The color of the heads is white, sometimes there is a cream or nut shade. The first harvest is taken already 60 days after planting in the ground.
Express f1 is suitable for greenhouses and film shelters. In the southern regions, it also took root on open ridges. It has average yields. Up to 1.5 kilograms of cabbage harvest Express f1 is harvested from one square meter.
The advantages of the variety are resistance to bacteriosis and the best taste among analogues. Among the shortcomings, experts note the need to treat plants from pests during the season.
Mid-season and late-ripening varieties
The names of cauliflower of the middle and late ripening period are also distinguished by diversity. Among them there are unusual species. Romanesco cabbage amazed gardeners unusual shape inflorescences and a bright light green shade. Purple balls have also found a place in many areas due to their unpretentiousness and unusual appearance.
Cortes
Cortes is a late-ripening large-fruited variety with a head weight of 2 to 3 kilograms. The period of technical maturity of the crop occurs no earlier than 75 days after planting in the ground.
The main advantages of Cortes cauliflower are high yield and self-covering heads. Cortes is demanding on soil fertility and regular top dressing. It tolerates low temperatures well, can withstand short frosts.
Romanesco
Romanesco cabbage is an exotic variety of cabbage. Its distinguishing feature is rich green color inflorescences in the form of a fractal spiral. It resembles coral, so its other name is coral. Another feature is the number of turns in the inflorescence, equal to the Fibonacci number.
Romanesco cabbage has a spicy delicate taste. Contains a large number of vitamins C, B, A, K, carotene. Regular consumption of Romanesco cauliflower helps to thin the blood, strengthen blood vessels, remove cholesterol from the blood.
purple ball
Lilac ball is the original mid-season variety. Suitable for those who like purple cauliflower. Differs in high exactingness to moisture and quality of soil. Does not produce a crop with high acidity.
Purple ball forms a rounded head purple. The mass of one head reaches 1-1.5 kilograms. A distinctive feature is a rich purple color. The advantage of the variety is high content in the pulp protein, vitamins and minerals.
Parisian
Parisienne is a novelty with a medium ripening period. The first crop of Parisian cauliflower reaches technical maturity 75-80 days after being transferred to permanent place. The advantage of the hybrid is a high keeping quality. Withstands storage for 2 months.
Parisian is used for fresh consumption, for conservation and freezing. Of the shortcomings, the exactingness to moisture and the quality of the soil is noted. Does not tolerate high acidity.
Freedom
Cabbage Freedom is a representative of the middle ripening period. The first crop reaches technical maturity 80 days after planting in a permanent place. The variety forms large rounded heads. The mass of fruits reaches 2 kilograms. The texture is medium bumpy, tender. The color of the heads is white. The surface is protected by sheet plates. The hybrid received good reviews for its resistance to adverse climatic conditions.
A variety of types of cauliflower allows you to grow on personal plot abundant harvest throughout the summer season. Special attention gardeners deserve an elite variety of Romanesco cabbage or Lilac ball. Even a couple of bushes will decorate the garden.
Cauliflower: early varieties
Early varieties can be grown even in cold regions - a short growing season allows you to harvest well before the onset of frost. The following varieties are recognized as the best:
Icing sugar (medium early)
Guarantee
Snowdrift
Snowball
snowball
Description of the variety Snowball
The plant forms a white dense head with excellent taste characteristics. Average weight ovaries - 800 g, but with good care this figure increases to 1200 g.
Mid-season varieties of cauliflower
Belarus
Anniversary F1
Flora Bianca
Glory-1305
white beauty
Present
Siberian
Description of the variety Flora Bianca
This variety forms a yellowish dense head weighing about 1200 g. The rosette of leaves is slightly raised. The taste characteristics are excellent, the purpose is universal. Ripening period - more than 110 days.
Late varieties of cauliflower
Cortes F1
Patriotic
Consista
Regent
autumn giant
Description of the variety Cortes F1
This variety forms a large, white, dense head - with good care, its weight can reach 3 kg. This hybrid tolerates frost and sunlight well - the leaves cover the head. The taste is good.
Varieties of cauliflower for Siberia and the Urals
For cultivation in cold regions, frost-resistant, weather-resistant varieties of cauliflower are used. Advantage for early dates maturation.
Amerigo F1
Gribovsky
Snowball 123
Hope
Dumas
Snowstorm
color express
Dawn
Siberian
Polar K-206
Description of the variety Amerigo F1
This hybrid is relatively new, but it has already proved itself well. One of important benefits plants - high frost resistance. The head is painted white, a dense rosette of leaves covers it from frost on cold days, and from excess ultraviolet radiation on sunny days. The weight of the vegetable reaches 2.5 kg. Early variety - ripening takes about 80 days.
Varieties of cauliflower for the Moscow region and the middle lane
IN middle lane In Russia, seasonality is pronounced, but at the same time, temperature fluctuations throughout one season are felt weakly - here you can grow different varieties cauliflower. In particular, these are:
early ripening
Alpha
Gribovskaya 1355
Guarantee
Snowball
Movir 74
Description of the variety Skorospelka
The variety allows you to get an early harvest and is highly unpretentious. It can be grown outdoors. The head is white, juicy, tasty. Ripening takes 65 days. The weight of the fetus is about 2 kg.
Dutch cauliflower varieties
Dutch varieties are in great demand - one of their important advantages is unpretentiousness. We recommend paying attention to:
Corlan F1
Oviedo F1
Balboa F1
Fargo F1
Freedom F1
Cairdos F1
Clapton F1
Description of the variety Freedom
The ripening period of the variety is 70 days (when grown through seedlings). The variety is not afraid of drought, forms very large heads (in favorable conditions up to 5 kg).
Varieties of cauliflower for open ground
Flora Blanca
Dereza goat
Snowball
Express
White Beauty
Cortes F1
Sierra
Amerigo F1
Consista
Alpha
Snowdrift
autumn giant
Yako
Description of the variety Snowdrift
This variety has a medium early ripening period - it takes about 90 days to form a round dense head. Fruit weight - 500-1200 g. Bluish leaves cover it.
The best varieties of cauliflower should be grown in your backyard. Plants are quite unpretentious and productive - from healthy vegetable you will cook a lot of delicious dishes.
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