Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases. Recommendations for the use of bird droppings in granules. Plant nutrition with boric acid

To provide plants with nutrients in the required quantity, various methods are used:

1. alternation of plants in the garden in order to maintain soil fertility;

2. application of the main fertilizer in autumn;

3. treatment of seeds with microfertilizers;

4. fertilizer soil mixture in pots and seedling boxes;

5. application of starter fertilizer before sowing or planting;

6. planned top dressing during the growing season, including the seedling period;

7. corrective feeding in case of signs of deficiency of plants in the batteries.

8. regular top dressing during the growing season through the fertigation system.

This article describes planned and corrective top dressing during the growing season.

Planned fertilizing is carried out - against the background of the main fertilizer introduced in the fall during digging, and pre-sowing fertilization into the soil for seedlings and beds, - for greater efficiency applied fertilizers.

Mineral or natural organic fertilizers?

To obtain an environmentally friendly crop, it is not recommended to use mineral fertilizers deteriorating the ecology of plants and soil. But to increase the yield, it is still necessary to carry out top dressing, especially when the plants are stunted or the leaves become pale, or unnaturally dark green, or the internodes are stretched.

In the same time optimally selected ratio of macro- and microelements in mineral fertilizers can completely replace the nutrients of manure, which just contains them in the optimal ratio. And the dead roots of plants, always remaining in the soil, create an accumulation of humus with an increase in beneficial microflora.

Nitrogen is an element of growth; in pursuit of the harvest, they sprinkle the fields with saltpeter, based on the fact that the more it is, the better. Hence and nitrate problem, as well as more dangerous nitrites in herbal products nutrition of people. By the way, when entering fresh manure containing a relatively large amount of nitrogen, in the second half of summer, there will be no less nitrates in vegetables than from saltpeter. Half-rotted manure that has lain for six months - a year is an ideal fertilizer for spring planting. Having lain for 2-3 years or more - already rotted manure. It is low in nitrogen, and nitrogen fertilizers must be added during spring application.

Can top dressings replace the main fertilizer?

No, they can't. Only a combination of dressings with the main fertilizer can give best result. At the same time, if large doses of top dressing are given, the doses of the main fertilizer should be reduced and, conversely, if the main fertilizer is good, the doses in top dressing should be reduced.

What top dressing is more effective - liquid or dry?

Liquid fertilizers are more effective. That is, when fertilizers are dissolved in water, they act faster. In dry form, fertilizers can only be applied during heavy rains.

Liquid organic top dressing - quickly acquired environmentally friendly fertilizer. It significantly increases the yield and improves the structure of the soil.

top dressing best to carry out herbal infusion which is one of the best natural fertilizers. After all, the most valuable manure is also obtained from grass, after digesting it in the stomachs of cows. At the same time, an infusion of grass is more valuable than manure, since cows leave a large part of the beneficial substances of the grass entering the manure for themselves. In addition, when mowing, more grasses get into the green mass, including all weeds that contain various microelements.

Preparation of liquid organic dressings

Read how to properly prepare and apply liquid organic top dressing.

The use of liquid mineral supplements

As it was said, if possible, it is better to carry out not mineral, but liquid organic top dressing. However, for the introduction of magnesium and trace elements into the soil, one cannot do without mineral top dressing.

What mineral fertilizers are suitable for liquid dressings?

Suitable are all those mineral fertilizers that dissolve easily in water.

nitrogen fertilizers all are easily soluble in water, but if possible it is better to use saltpeter because they contain nitrogen in the form of nitrates.

potash fertilizers They also dissolve well in water, but faster in hot water. It is better to use not chloride, but potassium sulfate.

Of the phosphate fertilizers, superphosphates are soluble in water. Soluble fertilizers are also ammophos, fruit and berry and other ready-made mixtures.

Of course, all sold liquid fertilizers are well suited for liquid dressings.

The table below gives an example of the solubility of some fertilizers at different temperature water, in g / liter. For example, according to the table, the solubility of potassium sulfate at a temperature of 20°C is 80 g/L. When trying to dissolve 100 g in 1 liter, 20 g will settle.

How to prepare liquid top dressing from mineral fertilizers?

Fertilizers are first dissolved in a small amount of water, then the required amount of water is added to this solution.

Superphosphate is more difficult to dissolve. Usually it is prepared with 3-5%. To do this, pour half a bucket of water, pour 300-500 g of superphosphate (powder or granular) into it, mix well. When the solution settles, it is drained from the sediment. Then a quarter of a bucket of water is poured into the sediment, mixed thoroughly and drained from the sediment. The last operation is repeated one more time. After that, almost all of the superphosphate will go into solution, but the precipitate will still remain. But this is already gypsum, which is an impurity of superphosphate. However, it is better for liquid dressings double superphosphate, it does not contain gypsum, therefore it dissolves in water almost completely.

In this sediment there are necessary for plants sulfur and gypsum (lime fertilizer), so it must be used.

When dissolving fruit and vegetable mixtures, a residue usually remains, since the mixtures contain superphosphate.

Water-soluble magnesium fertilizers: epsomite (magnesium sulfate), kieserite, kainite, carnallite, potassium magnesia.

How to apply dry mineral fertilizers?

It is better to apply top dressing around the perimeter trunk circle tree or bush, as there are suction roots. Closer to the center of the circle are predominantly conductive roots that do not perceive top dressing. Dry nitrogen fertilizers can be laid out on the soil surface. They easily penetrate the roots. The remaining dressings containing phosphorus, potassium and other substances must be embedded in the soil to a depth of 5 to 20 cm, depending on the depth of the roots and the age of the plant.

Can mineral fertilizers be mixed?

Yes, they can be mixed before applying fertilizer to the soil to reduce labor costs. But at the same time, it is necessary to be guided by the rules given.

How much fertilizer should be applied per season?

It depends on a number of reasons. With a good basic fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are often not applied in dressings. Nitrogen fertilizers, being more soluble, are washed out of the soil faster, especially during heavy rains or irrigation. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization is applied more often, given the color of the leaves and the strength of growth. When the leaves are not green enough or dark green, apply nitrogen fertilizer - one or two. However, if there is no rain in the summer and the garden is not watered, then the plants grow poorly, as they suffer from a lack of water, and not from a lack of nitrogen. This means that it is necessary to water regularly and then you can do without unnecessary nitrogen fertilizing.

On the other hand, it is impossible to overfeed plants with nitrogen, especially in the second half of summer, as this can lead to a deterioration in the quality of fruits, their keeping quality, as well as to a decrease in plant resistance to adverse conditions.

On sandy and peaty soils, plants need top dressing with both nitrogen and potassium. In autumn, after harvesting, fruit and berry plants need potash and phosphorus fertilizers. Nitrogen top dressing is not done at this time, since nitrogen causes a rapid growth of green mass, which is why plants tolerate overwintering worse.

What is fertigation?

This is a method of fertilizing when fertilizers are supplied along with irrigation water. The fertilizer solution is prepared in containers and then dosed introduced into the irrigation water. Fertigation has a number of advantages:

Fertilization is more precise and uniform.

Nutrients are readily available to plants.

Reduced fertilizer costs.

Labor saving.

There are quantitative and proportional methods of fertigation. The quantitative method is used in open ground. The required amount of fertilizer must be applied to the field (eg kg/ha), then this amount of fertilizer is supplied with irrigation water.

The proportional method is the most efficient and is mainly used on light sandy soils and in greenhouses. At the same time, a certain dose of fertilizer is injected into every unit volume of water flowing during irrigation.

The installation of a fertigation system requires special knowledge and equipment.

Do you need foliar plant nutrition?

When foliar top dressing, plants absorb nutrients with the help of the aerial parts - leaves, stems.

Foliar top dressing of plants is carried out by the method of fine spraying - spraying. The fertilizer is diluted in water and the plant is sprayed with this solution. This method is effective when you need to quickly feed a sick or weakened plant. The advantage of foliar feeding is the speed of assimilation by plants.

Top dressing on the leaves is usually carried out twice. The first time is when the leaves are forming. The second time - during flowering and fruit formation.

Foliar top dressing is usually applied when there are signs of nutrient deficiency in the plant to quickly eliminate this deficiency. It is also used to maintain the plant during drought or in cold weather.

Top dressing on the leaves is carried out in small doses in the evening or in cloudy weather. It is important to spray the solution in small drops and evenly.

According to studies, the removal of nutrients, for example, phosphorus with a corn crop, is 80 kg/ha, the maximum allowable concentration per leaf feeding is 4 kg/ha. Hence, the required amount of foliar top dressing will be 59 times! That is, it is simply impractical to carry them out instead of root ones.

It is also important to remember that exceeding the permissible concentration of the solution during foliar feeding can lead to leaf burns and crop losses.

Urea- A popular mineral fertilizer among summer residents. The nitrogen content in it is from 40 to 46 percent, which is much higher than in ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Carbamide (the second name of the fertilizer) is able to acidify the soil, so it is advisable to use it in non-acidic soils. Urea granules scatter dry under plants and then buried in the ground, or bred for cooking liquid feed .

On the label, manufacturers, as a rule, indicate the fertilizer application rates for various crops:

What can be fertilized with urea?

So, spring when digging the soil urea is added under:

• potatoes, cabbage, beets, carrots in the amount of 20-30 g per 1 square meter,
• tomatoes, cucumbers, flower-decorative crops in open ground in the amount of 15-20 g per 1 sq. meter,
• radishes, onions, green crops in the amount of 5-10 g per 1 square meter,
• vegetable and flower-ornamental crops in protected ground in the amount of 25-35 g per 1 sq.m.

Landing fruit trees and berry bushes carbamide is placed in the amount of:

• 180-220 g per 1 plant (fruit trees),
• 50-100 g per 1 plant (berry bushes).

fruit trees and berry bushes feed in the spring urea in the amount:

• 25-30 g per 1 square meter of the trunk circle (fruit trees),
• 25-30 g per 1 square meter (berry bushes).

And, finally, vegetable and flower-decorative crops are made liquid root dressings urea. To do this, prepare a solution, and urea is diluted in this proportion:

• 20-30 g of urea per 10-liter bucket of water

Solution consumption: 4-10 liters per 1 sq.m.

Root top dressings begin to be applied in the 1st half of the growing season, and finish 2 weeks before harvest.

Different crops have their own characteristics of fertilizing with urea. We touched on this topic in detail in the articles:

In these articles, slightly different dosages are given (sources are reference books and country literature).

How to prepare a solution of urea (how to dilute)?

Special wisdom in preparation of urea solution no liquid feed.

1 tablespoon holds 10-15 g of urea, and 1 matchbox 13-15 g. To feed vegetables and flowers in the first half of the growing season, we need 20-30 g per 10 liters of water. So, scoop up 2 tablespoons or 2 matchbox fertilizer and lower into a 10-liter bucket of water, mix thoroughly. If you need a minimum dose, then we take 1.5 spoons or a box.

Urea granules dissolve well in water, so you can start feeding immediately after preparing the solution.

Good day to all!

Today, in the garden theme, let's talk about such a difficult topic as plant nutrition. Every gardener or even indoor florist It is known that grown plants need not only watering, but also fertilizers. You can, of course, do without them. Plants will not wither from this, but they can get sick or stop growing and bearing fruit.

All applied fertilizers can be divided into mineral and organic. In addition to them, there are also so-called folk remedies who have performed well.

Among the mineral fertilizers that are used to feed plants, such as single-component top dressing stand out. They contain only one of the components important for the plant: nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium. Hence the name fertilizer. If the composition of the fertilizer includes all these elements and, in addition to them, various biostimulants, macro- and microelements, etc., then these are already complex fertilizers.

Each of these fertilizers is applied not only at a certain time, but also under certain conditions. They must not only not be brought in before, but, what is especially important, not to make more than it should be. All these types of fertilizers are sold in garden stores and the dosage and application methods are prescribed on the packaging. So this shouldn't be a problem.

But be that as it may, and below we will consider ways to introduce mineral and organic fertilizers.

Feeding plants with mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers play important role in plant nutrition. Nitrogen, for example, is necessary for the development of above-ground parts of plants. If this element is not enough, then the foliage wilts, the plants dry out.

Phosphorus is essential for the root system. Lack or excess of this element leads to disruption in the nutrition and respiration of plants.

As for potassium, it affects the development of buds, flowers, as well as the root system of the plant. Due to the lack of this element, foliage may fall off. In addition, the plant becomes less resistant to fungal diseases.

The rules for fertilizing are painted on the packaging.

Therefore, before making it is necessary to carefully read the instructions and clearly follow the description. Then the plant will receive the necessary rate of fertilizer.

These fertilizers are available in both dry and liquid form. In addition, often the granules are diluted with water before application, and only after that, the plants are sprayed with the resulting liquid.

The main thing is to ensure that there is no excess fertilizer. As they say experienced gardeners, it is better not to report a little than to shift. A dose slightly above the norm is good only on sandy soils. If your soil is clayey, then you need to make a little less than the indicated dose on the package. Usually the volume is indicated based on 1 sq.m. After fertilizing, the soil must be well watered.

Fertilization is carried out practically all year round- which is typical for greenhouses. For plants open ground everything starts in the spring.

During this period, it is better to use bulk fertilizers. In summer, liquid fertilizers are mainly used and they must be applied no later than mid-July.

Plays a special place in plant nutrition autumn period fertilizer application.

Fertilizing plants with mineral fertilizers in autumn in dry or liquid form

Autumn top dressing is mainly characteristic of trees and shrubs. They have to survive the winter, and therefore, the soil must be ready for spring, when the plants simply need nutrients.

In addition, liming is also carried out at this time. This procedure consists in evenly scattering fertilizers throughout the garden, after which the earth is dug up. About two weeks after liming, it will be good if you make some organic fertilizers, such as manure or compost.

In autumn, it is better to fertilize in a dry form. They are more intended for open ground. Liquid fertilizers are best suited for indoor plants.

In addition, only potash, phosphate and magnesium-containing fertilizers are applied in autumn.

The most common fertilizer containing phosphorus is superphosphate. Most often concentrated substances are used. This fertilizer is used both in granular form and in powder form.

A hole is made around the tree, into which fertilizer is poured. After that, the wells are filled. Most the best option– use of complex fertilizers. They contain everything necessary for the plant elements.

Inorganic fertilizers are certainly good, but not a single plant can do without organics.

The most common fertilizer, which in any case is present in the arsenal of every gardener, is manure.

Feeding plants with organic fertilizers

Manure is a good thing, but its application requires certain conditions. It is not recommended to apply manure directly under the trees, as it burns the roots. It is best to use rotted manure. You can also mix manure with ash. In this version, it is also used for spring planting potatoes. After the manure with ash is scattered over the site, the earth is dug up.

Manure is obtained from different animals. Moreover, for each animal, manure is obtained according to its properties different. In addition, manure can be both fresh and rotted, and humus.

The table below shows chemical composition fresh manure based on straw or peat.

Compost is very popular. It has to do with cooking. compost heap quite simple and it is used throughout the season.

Compost is a special nutrient mixture that is formed as a result of the decomposition of organic matter, which is affected by heat and moisture.

Getting compost is very simple, everyone has a lot of food and other waste that is ideal for this purpose. These are vegetable peelings, and eggshell, cut grass, branches, leaves, tea leaves and even paper.

A place for compost is also not difficult to do. The most common version is a hole. You can also put together your own box or buy a ready-made special box in the store.

The use of manure depends on its "origin". For example, in beds with light soil, cow dung is used. If the soil is heavy, then better fit manure from sheep, goats and horses. In autumn, rotted manure is usually introduced into the soil, and humus is added in spring. If you use manure when planting trees, it is recommended to put about 10 kg of humus under each tree.

If manure is a waste of horned and non-horned livestock, then there is also such a fertilizer as bird droppings. Chicken is the most popular.

Chicken manure is used to feed not only domestic plants, but also vegetables, trees, as well as ornamental shrubs and flowers. Bird droppings are prepared before application, for which they are poured with water at the rate of one part of the droppings per bucket of water. Then the liquid is infused for about three days, after which the infusion is again diluted in a ratio of 1 to 10 (1 part of the infusion and 10 parts of water).

Table of plant nutrition with organic fertilizers

In order to more clearly imagine the possibility of using certain fertilizers in plant nutrition, fertilizer tables are given below. But first, I would like to pay attention to the miscibility various types fertilizers. The table below shows which fertilizers can be mixed with each other and which cannot be mixed.

The following table shows the most common gardeners vegetable crops and the order of their top dressing depending on the stage of plant development.

Well, and one more table, which shows the use of mineral fertilizers.

Feeding plants with folk and improvised means

It is possible to feed plants not only with well-known mineral and organic fertilizers. For this purpose, you can use some not quite ordinary drugs, which many did not even suspect.

Plant nutrition with aspirin

It turns out that aspirin can not only treat yourself, but also feed the plants.

The use of these tablets improves the immunity of plants, increases their resistance to various fungal diseases. Sick and weak plants are restored.

To use aspirin as a fertilizer, it is necessary to prepare an irrigation solution from it at the rate of a quarter tablet per 2 liters of water.

Feeding plants with ammonia

Another medicine that brings a person to life. But, as it turns out, not only a person. Because the ammonia Ammonia helps plants absorb nitrogen. Use ammonia when the plant begins to fade.

Water, of course, not with alcohol itself, but make a solution at the rate of 1 teaspoon per liter of water. To avoid an excess of nitrogen, it is recommended to water twice a month - no more.

Feeding plants with yeast

Yeast has long and rightfully gained popularity not only as a means for baking, but also as a fertilizer.

Yeast contains nitrogen, so it promotes root formation as well as plant growth. Both dry and live yeast are used. To prepare a yeast infusion, you can use the following recipe.

We take a three-liter jar and pour warm water into it. In a separate glass, 100 grams of yeast are diluted and poured into a jar.

After that, five tablespoons of sugar are added to the jar, mixed. Now put the jar in a warm place. Soon the fermentation process begins. When it ends, we dilute the resulting infusion further. A glass of this infusion is added to a bucket of water. For each plant, it is enough to add one liter of this fertilizer.

Feeding plants with hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is very beneficial for plants. With its help, harmful bacteria that interfere with the development and flowering of plants are eliminated, it helps to speed up flowering and protect the roots from decay.

For watering with hydrogen peroxide, you must first dilute 2 tablespoons of peroxide per liter of water. Plants are watered with this composition at intervals of 1 time in five days.

Plant nutrition with boric acid

Boric acid protects plants from various pathogenic bacteria. In addition, with its help, you can slightly increase the yield. And if you process the seeds with it, then you can increase their germination. When processing boric acid seedlings, its rooting improves.

For seed treatment, they are wrapped in gauze and soaked in a solution of boric acid (0.2 g per 1 liter hot water) within two days. In addition, you can prepare a special solution consisting of 5 g baking soda, 1 g of potassium permanganate, 0.2 g of boric acid. All this is diluted in 1 liter of warm water.

It is very good to spray strawberries with a solution of boric acid to get sweet berries. Strawberries are usually sprayed before opening the buds and during the fruiting period.

Plant nutrition with succinic acid

Succinic acid is good stimulant growth. Also, it increases the resistance of plants to drought.

Plants are both sprayed and watered with succinic acid. The packaging says how to use this substance. But it is very difficult to overfeed the plant with it, because it will absorb only what it needs.

To prepare a solution for feeding, we take 2 g of acid and dilute them in 1.5-2 liters of water.

First of all, the leaves, stems and roots of the plant are sprayed with the prepared solution. If the plant is sick, then such treatment helps him recover sooner.

A solution helps to stimulate the development of roots in cuttings. To do this, they are dipped in an acid solution for a couple of hours.

As well as boric acid, succinic acid is also treated with seeds before sowing.

Plant nutrition with banana peel

As strange as it sounds, plants love bananas. The use of banana peel helps to fill the lack of magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus in plants.

There are many ways to use banana peel. The simplest of them is to bury the peel in the ground.

In the next version, the banana peel must be fried in the oven. After the peel is fried - it will darken, we take it out, cool and chop. We put it in a jar or a bag and use it when necessary.

You can also insist the peel in water. We put several banana peels in a jar, fill it with water and insist for two days. After which the infusion is drained and diluted warm water in a ratio of 1:1. Irrigation solution is ready.

For clarity, the preparation of fertilizer from bananas, watch the video below.

Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for plants, especially at the beginning of development. It can be obtained from various sources, but the most affordable is green organics. Feeding plants with herbal infusion is a budgetary and economical opportunity to improve the quality of the soil on garden plot. There are several ways to make grass fertilizer. Each of them is aimed at the maximum possible processing of green organic matter, and the extraction of useful substances from it.

Composting

Vegetable composts differ from all others in that they have a short processing time. The green mass rots and loses harmful ammonia faster than animal organics and. Average, vegetable compost matures in 2-3 months, depending on what components it includes. On the basis of this fertilizer, infusions are made from grass, which are used to feed various crops. Biocompost is also used in its natural form, for application to the soil, and for creating “warm” beds for cucumbers.

One of the best crops for this type of processing is lupine. This green fertilizer "pulls" all the nitrogen out of the soil, which only its raking roots can reach. At the same time, over the summer, a huge bush grows from one seed, with thick fleshy stems, which will provide a large amount of compost. Lupine is useful and handsome. Before the onset of economic suitability, he will have time to please gardeners with abundant flowering. It is impossible to allow the appearance and maturation of seeds - they can retain their germination capacity even at extreme temperatures, which are released by plants during decay. If the deadlines are missed, then before preparing the fermented grass, it is necessary to neutralize the seeds. For this bushes are pre-soaked in water - for 1-2 weeks, and only after that they are laid in compost.

Video: grass composting

Nettle infusion

This green manure is applied to all kinds cultivated plants. It, like all biological top dressings, is rich in nitrogen and some other useful elements. Infuse the herb in this way:

A plastic barrel is 2/3 filled with grass and filled with water. The solution is left to ferment for 1-2 weeks, after which it is used for root and foliar application. When watering, the working solution is diluted 10 times, when spraying on a leaf - 20 times.

If you ferment nettles, then to increase the effectiveness of the solution, you can add to it and. Sometimes this liquid fertilizer is flavored with mineral agrochemicals containing substances that are missing in the resulting mixture. Most often these are fats, as well as sulfuric (for better absorption of nitrogen), phosphorus (previously transferred to a state of suspension in a hot way) additives. They also add trace elements - boron, magnesium, molybdenum and others.

You can use it on its own or add other herbs to the infusion, such as comfrey, common tansy, horsetail, and bitter wormwood.

Cold-soaked nettle grass is used for spraying, currants, and other crops affected by aphids. There is still enough in the fresh extract poisonous substance, which burns insects, besides, they do not like its smell.

Fermented grass with water can be used for,. Store no more than two weeks, after the expiration of the shelf life, a new decoction is prepared.

Infusion of weeds

Lesser known weeds can also be used to feed plants with herbal infusion. Comfrey, wild mustard, wormwood, chamomile, clover - all this is great for processing. You can also add a little lawn grass if she remained after a haircut.

Plants must be coarsely chopped, and poured with water, which should cover the entire green mass. Add to the resulting liquid dolomite flour, at the rate of 1.5 kg per 100 liters. So that the fermented grass does not publish bad smell, microbiological preparations can be added to it, in ready-made sold in gardening stores.

To make fertilizer from grass, you can use hay or straw, as well as bedding material from the poultry house and barnyard. By placing the barrel in a greenhouse, you can maintain a constant temperature of the solution.

Weed infusion is not only a nutritious top dressing for fertilizing the soil. Some of these natural antagonists can be used to the benefit of horticultural crops. For example, a decoction of sow thistle will save plantings from powdery mildew.

Video: simple weed fertilizer

Combined infusion of weeds and pond plants

If there is a reservoir near the summer cottage, then there you can find raw materials for the preparation of green fertilizers. The recipe is quite laborious, but very effective:

• Water - 50 l;
• Chopped pond plants (sedge, reeds), as well as weeds (willow tea, nettle) - 50 l;
• Wood ash - 1 bucket;
• - 500 g, or manure - 4-5 kg;
• EM - fertilizer - 1l.

Grass Fertilizer with Yeast

Despite all its advantages - low cost, ease of manufacture, ubiquitous availability, grass fertilizers also have disadvantages. It is impossible to say exactly what useful micro-elements are contained in their composition, and how many of them, a lot depends on the type and saturation of the soil on which the weeds grew.

Therefore, using soaked grass, it is necessary to enrich it with additional dressings, which contain all the missing substances. It can be humates, or yeast. Why not, because this familiar substance contains a whole treasure trove of nutrients that any plant will be happy with.

Useful trace elements that are part of yeast GOST 171-81:

1. Ammonium sulfate;
2. Diammonium phosphate;
3. Potassium (various types);
4. Magnesium;
5. Sulfur;
6. Soda;
7. Calcium.

Another plus of this top dressing is ease of preparation:

Yeast is simply dissolved in water, based on the proportion of 1 kg per 10 liters. Then the resulting working solution is diluted again, in a ratio of 1 liter to 20 liters of water. This top dressing is mixed with diluted herbal, and a universal fertilizer rich in all the necessary substances is ready.

siderates

white mustard

Basically, any annual plants with a short growing season can be used for soil restoration. most popular in middle lane phacelia, vetch, sweet clover, ranunculus, lupine, wheat, sainfoin, clover, alfalfa. They are used with equal success as precursors of any cultivated plants, and can bring a double benefit. Here we can recall the fairy tale about tops and roots, since due attention will be paid to both of these parts of the plant.

When cultivating the soil, decapitated roots remain in it, since green manure usually does not allow root shoots, a plant mown under the root cannot be reborn, and its underground part rots quietly, enriching the soil with nitrogen. Above-ground, which forms a large amount of green mass, can be used to prepare fertilizer from grass.

By using plants to nourish the soil, we replicate natural processes. Many gardeners neglect the benefits of green dressings from plant residues. But in vain. They throw away cut grass, tops, fallen leaves. It is not worth doing this - after all, together with the biomass, the site is left useful material. In addition, if weeds are simply thrown over the fence, they will return, because their seeds are very tenacious.

Video: infusion of grass in a barrel

For a healthy and aesthetic appearance, any plants - indoor and garden, large and small, fruit and ornamental - require nutrition in the form of basic fertilizers and periodic top dressing.

From the presence in the soil required amount nutrients depends on the set of green mass, abundant flowering and fruiting, as well as a successful wintering.

Fertilizers are recommended to be applied regularly according to the calendar and nutrient requirements. This will help houseplants to maintain an attractive appearance and a healthy root system, garden plants to resist pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, fruit plants to give big harvests and protect against pests.

What fertilizer and when to apply

The main nutrients for any plant organism are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Additional micronutrients.

Functions of basic fertilizers:

• nitrogen - makes it possible to develop the aerial part - shoots and leaves. With a lack of nitrogen, the color of the foliage changes, wilting and drying out. Plants consume nitrogen throughout the entire growing season;
• potassium - affects the formation of buds and flowers, feeding plants with potash fertilizers promotes root development. A lack of potassium causes foliage to fall off and makes the plant defenseless against fungal diseases;
• phosphorus - regulates the consumption of nitrogen by the plant, affects the root system. Both the lack of phosphorus and its excess are harmful. In both cases, the balance in the nutrition and respiration of green spaces is disturbed.

When using mono-fertilizers, one should take into account the type, variety, composition of the soil, the amount of precipitation, indoor plant or growing in open ground, fruitful or decorative. The amount and concentration of nutrient solutions will depend on these factors.

Video: Recipes for simple and inexpensive dressings

In small doses, plants consume trace elements: calcium, boron, copper, zinc, magnesium and manganese, sulfur, iron, cobalt. For periodic top dressing, you can use complex fertilizers from microelements, or you can proceed from the composition of the soil and add only those that are less than the prescribed amount.

Mineral or natural organic fertilizers

With equal success, both mineral and organic fertilizers can be used to feed plants. To be more precise, for fruit crops on his suburban area in the presence of manure or chicken manure, it is better to use organic matter: it is more beneficial for plants and for humans. But mineral supplements are also suitable.

Decorative species, except for beauty, do not produce anything else, so for them you can limit yourself to mineral complex fertilizers. It is enough to protect the plant from pests and diseases, and it will gratefully bloom all summer.

If the farm is large and organic fertilizers are not enough for the entire area, then combinations can be made in the form of mixtures of nutrients - mineral and organic - taking into account all the factors (read above) that will affect the concentration of the solution.

Can top dressing replace the main fertilizer

Top dressing, which is applied to the soil to improve its quality and composition, can be divided into basic and auxiliary.

Basic fertilizer is the doses of nutrients (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus) that are added autumn and in early spring . During the winter, when plants are inactive, fertilizers have time to turn into an accessible form and by the onset of spring they will be ready for consumption. The same applies to indoor, greenhouse and container plants - before winter, the main part of mineral fertilizers is applied in the form of phosphorus and potassium, before spring vegetation, nitrogen is added in the form of urea or salts. This is the basis of the "diet" of vegetation.

Additional nutrient additions cannot make up for the lack of basic fertilizer. The additional introduction of components is intended to maintain a balance in plant nutrition. These are trace elements in the form of foliar top dressings for garden, container and fruit-bearing plants, additional doses of nitrogen nutrition, which are advisable to introduce on sandy soils. Spraying is carried out mainly in summer, when appearance Plants have a lack of any substance:

• nitrogen - insufficient set of green mass, weak shoots;
• phosphorus - discoloration and fall of foliage, it has a dark color, underdevelopment of the root system;
• potassium - brown spots are observed on the leaves, buds or inflorescences are poorly formed.

The lack of trace elements in various types of soil leads to underdevelopment or death of plants. Trace elements are applied together with the main fertilizers, or if there are signs of deficiency.

The main nutrients for plant nutrition are in a certain proportion so that absorption is not disturbed. For example, phosphorus and nitrogen should be present in the soil in a ratio of 1.5/1. When the amount of substances changes, a power failure occurs.

Which top dressing is more effective - liquid or dry

If you choose between liquid or dry fertilizers, then for indoor and container plants you definitely need to choose liquid ones. It can be:

• liquid organic fertilizers;
• solutions of mineral fertilizers;
• various tinctures of crushed green waste - mostly weeds.

Before making solutions under the root, it is necessary to moisten the soil in order to avoid burning the roots.

Video: What is the difference between liquid and dry fertilizers for indoor plants

Dry fertilizers are more often used for open ground, where natural precipitation ensures the dissolution of dry matter and its entry into the soil in an accessible form.

Dry nutritional mixtures must be applied to a depth of 20 cm so that the roots have access to fertilizer.

Candles for vegetation

Candles as a fertilizer are best used for indoor plants. This is a solid form that gradually dissolves under the action of watering. There are both pros and cons of such top dressing. The advantage is that some amount of nutrition goes to the roots. Minus - uneven distribution and being in the soil constantly, even in winter. After all, plants do not need a lot of nitrogen in winter, and it is present in candles throughout the entire cycle of application, which can disrupt the needs of the plant.

It is advisable to put candles in the ground near the stem, which will the best options for the root system.

Methods for preparing dressings

You can prepare top dressing using manure, chicken manure, kitchen waste in the form of vegetable and fruit peels, bread, and yeast.

For garden species- flowers, trees, fruitful crops, fertilizing from manure is done in advance. Manure must decompose, ferment to the desired state. To do this, a compost heap with a height of 1.5 meters. There are layers of manure, soil, grass, waste. After a year, the compost can be used.

The liquid substrate of manure or litter is prepared as follows: the dry matter is diluted with water and allowed to stand for 3-4 days, while active fermentation takes place. Then you can use it as a root top dressing.

It is desirable to add yeast to kitchen waste to enhance the fermentation and fermentation process, you can add green grass. When the tincture is ready, the grass is selected and used as mulch, and the plants are watered with the solution. Undissolved waste is introduced into the soil and added dropwise.

Chicken manure and manure contains a lot of potassium and nitrogen, but absolutely no phosphorus. Therefore, it is recommended to add phosphates. In this case, a complex full-fledged mixture is obtained.

Preparation of liquid organic dressings

To prepare the liquid form of the organic nutrient solution, cattle manure must be used. This universal remedy, which is suitable for all plants - both garden and indoor.

There are forms of manure - litter and non-litter (fluid form). The second option is more profitable, as it ferments and ferments faster. Contains more than 50% ammonia nitrogen, which is better absorbed by green spaces.

Concentrated slurry is prepared as follows: 1 bucket of mullein is dissolved in 4 buckets of water, mixed and left in a warm place to ferment for several days - mostly from 4 to 7. Then one bucket of such slurry is diluted with another 4 buckets of water and green crops are watered at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 square meter. This top dressing is applied in the spring.

Manure must be well fermented so that excess uric acid evaporates, as it can burn the roots of young seedlings.

From autumn, concentrated liquid forms of supplements can be used. During the winter, organic matter will decompose and will not damage the roots.

The high temperature of manure decomposition (up to 70 degrees) during spring application will destroy young greenery

Plant nutrition in the garden

Garden greenery needs a more serious approach, as it is subject to frequent changes in temperature, precipitation, which leaches nutrients into deeper soil layers.

For the garden, top dressing in the form of the main fertilizer - potassium and phosphorus - is applied in the fall, which ensures safe wintering. In spring, nitrogen nutrition is the most necessary. Based quality composition land - acidity, thickness of the fertile layer - the optimal amount of fertilizer is selected.

Chalk is used to reduce acidity, slaked lime, dolomite flour. For saturation with boron - boric acid. You can also spray blue vitriol, a solution of pharmacy Trichopolum to prevent bacterial infection. Manganese is used as foliar top dressing.

Feeding container plants

Growing container ornamental crops differs little from caring for garden plantings. But plants for which permanent place residence is a large barrel or flower pot, it is more expedient to fertilize by fertigation, in which nutrients are dissolved in water and thus applied under the root.

Why is this method better:

• less likely to overdo it with dosages and damage the root system;
• more economical use of fertilizers;
• a convenient form of assimilation for greens;
• regular and dosed nutrition.

Depending on the location of the container, less granular forms of fertilizer should be applied. If the pot is outside and exposed to natural precipitation, then the granules are suitable as top dressing. If indoors, then liquid forms are better with preliminary moistening of the earth.

How to properly feed indoor species

Needs various kinds indoor plants are different: cacti, ficuses, palms, orchids, violets. Firstly, the appropriate soil is selected for each species. For example, for cacti, a high content of sand is preferable, since such a composition does not retain moisture, which cacti are more accustomed to.

Indoor greens can be fed either root or foliar, but foliar applications are more effective on young plants. Adult species that have a gloss on the surface of the leaves do not perceive spraying.

There are differences in the feeding of bulbous and multi-colored (variegated) species. When selecting fertilizers, it should be borne in mind that exceeding the amount of organic matter will turn multi-colored leaves into ordinary green ones.

Feeding with mineral fertilizers indoor plants must be done regularly, since the soil is completely depleted during the season, and plain water not able to give everything necessary for growth and flowering. In this case, lower concentrations of solutions should be used.

Fertilizer calendar

What to do in autumn:

• apply mineral fertilizers - phosphorus and potassium to the soil;
• add and dig fresh manure or droppings with the ground.

Spring events:

• a week before planting, add humus (compost);
• 3 - 4 days before planting, add nitrogen fertilizers.

Feeding with microelements is not always required and not by all species at once. Soils in different regions can have sufficient amounts of micronutrients, so you need to add them to the soil as needed.

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