For various wood products (furniture, musical instruments, parquet, etc.), their own drying temperature is used and a certain humidity is maintained.
Wood, despite the development of modern technologies, still remains an indispensable material in many sectors of the economy. It surrounds us everywhere, it is used in the production of furniture, in the construction industry, even in aviation it still finds its application. Of course, various polymers, synthetic resins, steels and alloys of various metals are actively replacing wood even in its traditional niches. But complete refusal is impossible. Therefore, there will always be a need to prepare wood for use in various branches of human activity, and to dry it. We will try to give answers to questions related to such necessary equipment as a lumber dryer, made and debugged with our own hands.
Why do you need to dry wood?
Drying lumber is extremely necessary process, without which wood simply cannot be used.
The quality of wood depends on proper drying.
If you have your own business related to the production of wood products, then you cannot do without your own drying chamber. But first, let's try to understand why this dryer is needed, why we need to dry lumber. It's all about natural humidity any tree. If you make a product from undried wood, then it will dry out over time, crack, and all that remains is to throw it away. In addition, a properly dried wood improves its working qualities, becomes stronger, more resistant to environmental influences and less susceptible to destructive mold. In the old days, to prepare the forest for use, it was dried not even for years, but for decades. Often, logs prepared for grandchildren were laid under a special canopy. Imagine, not even for children, but for grandchildren.
To our happiness modern technologies allow us to significantly speed up this process. And although this process is still quite long and complicated, it still cannot be compared with traditional technologies, and the result is even better.
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Moisture content of lumber
It is important to understand that a tree is a living organism and its cells contain moisture while it is alive. In general, freshly cut wood has a moisture content of 30 percent or more. If we want to use wood, then we need to get rid of excess moisture. What kind of moisture is superfluous? It depends on what we are going to use the board or log prepared for production for. If the tree is used for the manufacture of products where the highest assembly accuracy is required (for example, for the production musical instruments, sports equipment, parquet and some types of furniture), then its humidity should be reduced to 6-8 percent. If you are just preparing lumber for long-distance transportation, for example, for export, then it is enough to reduce the humidity to 20 percent.
The same wood is also suitable for some types of buildings, for the production of containers and other goods. Other products require wood moisture between these two extremes. Floor boards, cashing, sheathing boards can have a moisture content in the range of 15 percent. A window frames, doors, stair elements or decorative items will require wood from 8 to 15 percent moisture.
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Making a dryer with your own hands
Consider, finally, the construction of the drying chamber itself. To begin with, in addition to the basic building materials for the manufacture of the camera room, you need to purchase a heating device, a fan and a good insulation.
Drying chamber diagram.
You can use a ready-made room for the construction of drying, or you can build it specially. It is desirable that the ceiling and one wall be made of reinforced concrete, while the rest of the walls are made of wood, which later need to be covered. thermal insulation materials: first we cover them with foam plates, sheathe them with clapboard and then cover everything with sheets of foil. The next step is to install some kind of heating device, for example, a heating radiator, in which the water should be heated to 65-90 degrees. Since continuous heating is necessary, it is better to immediately make the heating system autonomous, with its own furnace and pump for constant circulation of the coolant. A fan is absolutely necessary in the drying chamber, which, dispersing the air around the room, should ensure uniform heating of the entire drying space and the laid wood.
You need to think about the issue of styling in advance wood material for drying, how the wood will be brought into it, whether it will lie in the middle of the chamber or on special shelves, etc. Good options To load the wood, use a trolley on rails or a forklift. Make sure you have instruments for recording humidity and temperature in the drying chamber; without them, effective control over its operation is impossible.
Diagram of air temperature and wood humidity in the drying chamber.
During construction, consider some more nuances. The temperature in the drying chamber should not fluctuate sharply; make sure that it changes smoothly. Otherwise, you risk destroying all the wood reserves stored for drying. It may crack and warp. It is also worth remembering fire safety, because you are dealing with heating devices and large supplies of dry wood. To do this, keep a fire extinguisher nearby. Of course, some of the above can be replaced with analogues available in the house; in particular, a water heating radiator can be replaced with electric heating devices, even an electric stove with a pair of burners turned on. Just remind you again about fire safety, be careful. The walls of the dryer can be insulated not only with polystyrene foam, but also with other suitable materials, up to the same wood shavings, and foil can be replaced by penofol, which is quite capable of reflecting thermal radiation back into the camera.
The main thing during construction is to create suitable conditions inside the chamber, and what material or technology you used is not critical. In such home drying, lumber will dry for about 1-2 weeks.
Vacuum drying is a treatment various materials, which is on this moment has become very popular in many directions. This type of processing is used in food, industrial and similar industries that require equipment to carry out such processes.
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If we talk about the industry where vacuum drying has become an integral part, then, of course, this is the furniture industry, where without carrying out such a process, creation cannot take place. quality furniture. This type of processing is used in the furniture industry during primary wood processing. After going through the vacuum drying process, the wood acquires its characteristic properties. Firstly, it becomes of higher quality, secondly, more practical, and most importantly, furniture made from such wood looks simply incredibly beautiful. In other industries, vacuum drying has a completely different operating principle. Apart from the furniture industry, this process is also very popular in Food Industry, but the operating principle there is completely different. Vacuum drying is a labor-intensive process that has a huge number of nuances that should never be forgotten:
- The first point is the presence of a large number quality equipment, which is an integral part of such a process.
- The second point is high equipment performance, without which achieving high efficiency results will be quite problematic.
- The third point is the place where the vacuum drying process will take place. In order for everything to happen efficiently, you need to have a place that will meet the standards of humidity, air, light and similar criteria that play a huge role in this matter.
The cost of vacuum drying is a rather controversial issue, and giving an exact answer to it is very problematic. The price of such a process directly depends on many factors, ranging from the material that will be processed and ending vacuum equipment in which this process will take place. No less important aspect also the time it takes you to complete the vacuum drying process. All this plays a certain role, which is why the price of such a process can be completely different. All these aspects play a big role, which means that they must be taken into account in any case if you want to get a specific answer to what the result of vacuum drying will subsequently be.
Vacuum drying technology
Vacuum drying technology also boasts a lot of interesting aspects. Now we will try to analyze the principle of operation of vacuum drying, taking wood processing as an example, since it is this material that most often lends itself to vacuum drying.
We have already said earlier that before creating furniture, the wood must undergo a vacuum drying process, which will allow all excess liquid to be extracted from it and the wood to be significantly reduced in size. Main processes of vacuum drying:
- Removing excess liquid from wood using evaporation
- Circulation of water through wood
First, circulation occurs in the system, since this process takes much longer. The speed of processing wood using the vacuum drying method directly depends on the speed of water circulation in the wood. The main part of the vacuum drying process is the complete drying of the wood, and this is done so that the wood loses its extra dimensions and has only its own mass, which will later be used in the creation of furniture. It's no secret that in this industry there is a rule that states that before creating wood products, its surface must be completely free of wood. Since only in this case will it be possible to extract moisture from the core of the tree, which will come out through circulation. But it is worth noting that in addition to vacuum drying of wood, this technology is also actively used in other areas, which we will now tell you about:
- Vacuum drying of meat
- Vacuum drying of cheese
- Vacuum drying of powders
- Vacuum drying of liquid-viscous products
- Vacuum drying of milk
This is only part of the list of areas where the vacuum drying process is actively used. This technology has already gained enormous popularity, which is only growing every day. This technology is truly unique, which is why it began to be used in many enterprises that now simply cannot function fully without this process. This means that there is a possibility further dissemination vacuum drying. It is possible that this process will soon be applied in all areas without exception, giving the opportunity to increase productivity for many enterprises.
Vacuum drying chambers
Vacuum drying chambers are mechanisms that are designed to carry out a huge number of labor-intensive tasks. We have previously talked about how beneficial the vacuum drying process is. As for chambers for vacuum drying, this is something without which such a process simply cannot be carried out. Vacuum drying chambers play a huge role in this regard, and without them, you can completely forget about some performance indicators.
The price segment of vacuum drying chambers is currently far from the lowest. If you wish, you can find already supported installations that will be quite average in terms of price. But it is best to buy new installations, since only they can provide you with all possible quality guarantees. On the modern market you can see a huge number of types of vacuum drying chambers, which can have completely different purposes. All these cameras have their own functional features, since they are used in a certain industry. Now we will look at the main types of drying chambers:
- Vacuum drying cabinet
- Vacuum chamber for drying fruits
- Drying chamber for drying food
- Drying chamber for wood
The operating principle of each camera is individual, as it is designed to work in a specific industry. But in any case, we can say that such equipment at the moment is really very effective.
Vacuum freeze drying
Freeze drying is a process based on the constant sublimation of ice crystals from frozen products. Such a process, in a short period of time, produces high-quality dehydration of products, and it does it really well.
The important point is that dehydration does not in any way affect Chemical properties products that remain just as useful in the future. In addition, vitamin activity also remains in the same form, chemical composition and anatomical structure. Vacuum freeze drying consists of three key steps:
- Primary freezing of the product
- Sublimation of ice without heat inside the system
- Final drying in special heated chamber
Based on this, we can conclude that the efficiency of freeze drying is at high level and the process is truly worth the investment.
Vacuum drying of wood
In previous sections we took this type of drying as an example. As a result, we came to the conclusion that this type of processing is very effective, but also has a certain number of nuances that are also worth paying attention to.
The vacuum drying process can only be effective if the environment in which it occurs fully complies with all standards of humidity, temperature, light and similar aspects. The cost of vacuum drying currently fluctuates within the middle price segment. If you wish, you can find a place where such a process will cost you just a few pennies, but in this case, you will not receive any guarantees of quality. It is best to overpay a little, but in the end get a high-quality result of work, which can be used in the future in the production of reliable and beautiful furniture.
The technology of vacuum drying itself is interesting in that it makes it possible to actually reduce the drying time of lumber, while the surface of the wood does not crack, and its quality is preserved. The method of vacuum drying wood was invented and patented by Dr. Ernesto Pianozzi in 1964.
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The vacuum press-dryer consists of a hermetically sealed steel chamber, the walls of which are mainly mounted from of stainless steel, which is completely sealed. The ceiling of the vacuum drying chamber itself is covered with an elastic rubber coating, which is framed by a steel frame. Loading of boards into the chamber occurs with the application of aluminum shadows to each row of boards. The water circulating in the heating elements is heated using a boiler, which is mounted on the outside of the chamber. Water circulation occurs using a liquid vacuum pump located inside the chamber.
After loading the wood into the chamber, the operator who controls the chamber sets the required vacuum level on the working panel and also sets the temperature of the aluminum heating plates.
Vacuum drying of wood takes place in 3 stages:
1. Heating wood at normal atmospheric pressure;
2. Then follows the drying process with heating in a vacuum environment;
3. The last, final stage consists of conditioning and cooling.
Immediately after placing the wood in the drying chamber and placing heating plates between the boards, the process of heating the wood begins. This stage involves heating the boards without using a vacuum pump. Heating does not reach 100 degrees, and, therefore, the moisture inside the boards does not boil. This way the surface of the wood does not crack.
When the temperature level required for drying is reached, a vacuum pump is immediately activated, which pumps out the remaining air. At the same time, the surface of the wood is also not deformed, since the moisture remaining in the boards comes to the surface, thereby moistening it, which in turn allows the boards to maintain their original shape. When heated, a rubber coating stretched over a stack of boards in the chamber presses it to the floor. Thanks to this mechanical effect of the vacuum, the dryer simultaneously turns into a press, which has a pressure of 1 kg/cm2, which essentially equals 10,000 kg/m2. This pressing process makes the boards absolutely even. Further, during the drying process, under the influence of a vacuum pump and temperature, moisture evaporates from the surface of the wood, and the excess is then drawn out by the pump. When the required humidity is reached, the drying process switches to conditioning.
The conditioning process involves turning off the heating aluminum plates, while maintaining a vacuum in the chamber. Thus, the wood cools under the pressure created by the press, which allows the wood to maintain its given, even shape. After the boards have completely cooled, the drying is turned off. Buying a good, reliable vacuum dryer will not be any particular problem; the price of the chamber is calculated for each chamber individually, and depends on several factors:
Drying speed
It largely depends on the structure and thickness of the boards. The softer and thinner the wood, the faster the drying process will occur. Accordingly, the price of the camera depends, among other things, on the configuration of the camera, since a moisture condenser is mounted on each camera different power, which converts evaporating moisture into liquid and drains it outside the chamber.
Complete set of vacuum drying unit
Here it all depends on whether a vacuum lifter for the plates is installed, and also depends on the additional configuration with additional aluminum plates, and also depends on whether it is possible to connect control devices to a computer.
There is also a recently developed freeze drying technology. This technology is used, for example, for high-quality drying medicinal herbs, dehydration of vegetables, produce, fruits, meat and dairy products, chemical products, pharmaceutical intermediates, and many other materials.
Vacuum freeze drying is new method dehydration of products that have been deep frozen in a sublimating vacuum chamber, when the ice immediately turns into a vapor state and is removed from the chamber through sharpening with a condenser, bypassing the formation of liquid.
The design of such a vacuum drying for fruit usually includes the dryer itself, a steam condenser, a cooling system, and, if necessary, a programmable logic control system is installed.
The advantage of freeze-dried vacuum drying is that all products retain up to 95% of all useful substances. This method makes it possible to store processed products not only at a stable sub-zero temperature, which naturally increases the shelf life of processed products, but also in ordinary rooms with above-zero temperatures, which does not in any way affect the quality of dried products.
IN Lately Vacuum freeze drying is becoming increasingly common in the production of berries and fruits.
Vacuum freeze drying occurs in several stages:
1). At the first stage, the products are completely frozen to the state of ice, and the pressure should be below 4.58 mm Hg, at a temperature of 0 C;
2). The next stage involves the process of sublimation of ice formations. In this case, the pressure in the chamber is much lower than the pressure of ice evaporation due to the fact that a vacuum is maintained in the chamber. The product placed in the drying chamber is heated, and then the water vapor is removed outside the chamber through a condenser.
3).The secondary drying stage involves removing residual moisture from the product placed in the chamber by increasing the temperature in the sublimation vacuum chamber and simultaneously reducing the pressure in the chamber itself.
IN last years Vacuum freeze drying of products is being used more and more actively. According to some experts, over time, vacuum drying of products will eventually replace current food preparation technologies, in which coagulation of the proteins contained in the product occurs, which in turn leads to the inevitable loss of nutrients. At the same time, vacuum drying of products preserves most of the beneficial substances and also preserves taste qualities, nutritional value, vitamins. Products processed in this way are “raw” in terms of product freshness. Previous studies have shown that strawberries after treatment have a 100% retention rate of vitamin C, while the loss of “total oxidative capacity” was only 8%. For comparison, in strawberries that were simply cooled using the old method, after a week of storage, the loss of the above vitamin C was more than 20%, in addition, the researchers noted a significant loss of phenolic components, which is about 85%.
The following can be added to the advantages of freeze-dried products:
— Very long-term, long-term storage;
— Relatively low weight of products;
— The original shape is completely preserved.
Today, such drying is an almost ideal method of preserving food. This method allows you to store products for up to five years at different temperatures, from - 50 degrees Celsius to + 40 degrees above zero.
Let's talk a little more about vacuum drying of wood
Vacuum drying chambers can be, among other things, a cylindrical body with a diameter of 2000 mm - 2700 mm, length 7800 mm - 12000 mm, with a built-in working vestibule. Thermal insulation of the housing is made of mineral wool 200 mm thick. The length of the stack of boards loaded into the chamber can reach a total of 10 meters. As in standard vacuum chambers, vacuum drying of wood here occurs by reducing the pressure in the chamber, and due to the constant decrease in the boiling point of moisture in the wood, the moisture contained in the boards quickly evaporates.
Today, the process of vacuum drying wood is the most practical method, and conquers all larger number adherents of this method among producers of dried industrial wood.
The need to make a mini vacuum dryer for wood arises when it is necessary to save both money and time. Since purchasing a vacuum dryer at a factory is quite an expensive undertaking, and high-quality wood processing, in particular drying, is absolutely necessary for further use wood and its conservation mechanical properties and proper appearance.
Done homemade dryer for wood in a large room where there is a heat source and where you can install a fan that will distribute the heat inside the structure itself. A railway conveyor is ideal as a dryer; a used one will be quite cheap. You can also weld the conveyor yourself.
Wood drying methods
Exist different kinds drying wood, each of which has its own characteristics. Some of the types are obsolete and are currently practically not used.
- The natural method of drying wood is the longest, and at the same time does not require financial costs. With this drying method, the bark is not removed from the tree; air access is ensured by cutting holes across the trunk. Drying natural method must be done in a dry, well-ventilated room, otherwise the wood inside will remain damp, which will subsequently lead to warping. Depending on the moisture content of the wood, natural drying sometimes takes 2-3 years, which makes this method completely unnecessary in modern realities.
- Paraffinization is also a type of drying that has been used for a long time. In this case, wooden blanks should be immersed in paraffin heated to 40 ° C. After several hours, the wood is removed and dried for 1-2 days. After this procedure, the wood acquires a pronounced texture pattern and an original tinted shade, and is not subject to cracking, warping or rotting.
- Evaporation - here, in addition to wood, water and sawdust are needed. The workpiece is placed in water heated to 70 ° C and covered with sawdust so that the material is thoroughly steamed. Another known drying method is steaming in linseed oil. Here the technology is slightly different: the workpiece is placed in a special container, poured linseed oil and steamed for the required amount of time. This method was often used in past times - dishes made from steamed wood did not crack or deform for a very long time.
- The process of drying wood in a specialized drying chamber takes place at a temperature of 40 to 90 °C, in some cases the temperature in the dryer reaches 115 °C. A dryer is a stationary structure equipped with a fan, a device that directs air currents and controls the humidity in the container. The heat source in such a chamber is steam, hot water or electricity.
At the moment, we are considering with you how to create a vacuum drying chamber, which allows you to make the wood drying process not only economical, but also significantly reduce it in time.
Drying wood at home
Drying wood at home, as noted earlier, can be done with a special conveyor. You will also need a fan, insulation and a heating device. To retain heat, your chamber must be insulated; for this, foam plastic or mineral wool can be used. You will also need to lay a special material to reflect heat - for this purpose, as a rule, foil or penofol is used.
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The heating element can be installed in the form of a battery, which will be supplied with water from the stove, heated to 60-95 °C. The system for loading wood into the chamber also deserves special attention. Rail carts or a forklift can be used for this. You will definitely need to control the drying process - for this you need to install specialized sensors.
When answering the question of how to dry a board at home, it is worth mentioning that when building your own drying chamber, you must adhere to all fire safety rules. If you do everything correctly, you will be able to receive quality wood, having a good presentation.
Video of drying wood at home
Freshly cut wood is not used in production and construction, as it contains a large number of moisture. This type of wood is called wet. To improve its mechanical and physical performance, a lumber drying chamber is used. In the process, biological stability increases, the strength index increases, and other qualities of wood improve.
Wood moisture concept
The percentage ratio of the weight of the contained liquid to the mass of completely dry wood of a certain volume is called absolute humidity. The percentage of the mass of water removed (determined by two weighings) to the original weight of the wood is called relative humidity.
The degree of suitability for use is determined taking into account the indicator relative humidity. The value indicates the readiness of the material for gluing, shrinkage, with a value of more than 30%, there is a danger of developing a fungal infection.
Depending on the indicator, wood is divided into categories:
- wet - with a relative humidity of more than 23%;
- semi-dry – within the range from 18 to 23%;
- dry – with a humidity value from 6 to 18%.
Drying wood in natural conditions
With this method of removing moisture, a drying chamber for lumber is not used; the liquid evaporates under the influence of atmospheric air. Dry the material under a canopy located in a draft. Sun rays the outer and inner layers of wood are heated unevenly, which leads to the appearance of deformations and cracks.
If the site does not have a drying chamber for lumber, an attic, a ventilated shed, or an equipped shed are well suited for drying. The material is stored in a stack; the first layer must be placed on stands with a height of at least 50 cm made of any durable material. Rows of lumber are laid with dried slats, all subsequent boards and logs are placed above the previous blanks to create vertical air wells.
Logs sawn lengthwise and finished boards are placed inside up to reduce the size of the deformation. For the same purpose, a stack of wood is pressed from above with a heavy load. Due to the formation of cracking at the ends of the workpiece when drying the material, select the length of the workpiece to be 20-25 cm longer than the intended part.
The ends of the lumber are carefully treated with paint on oil based, drying oil or hot bitumen to prevent cracks. Before stacking, the log trunks are cleared of bark to reduce the likelihood of wood beetles breeding. Removing moisture from wood naturally is considered an economical method.
Solar wood dryer
The second method, the cost of which quickly pays off, is drying chambers for lumber. The manufacturing drawings are quite simple; you just need to understand the operating principle of such a device. The chamber is an assembled plywood or metal container, the roof of which is made of transparent materials.
The size of the glazed roof surface is calculated depending on the total horizontal area of all lumber laid for drying. The area of the transparent coating should be one tenth of the total surface of the boards. The roof of the building is made pitched, the amount of slope depends on geographical location terrain. In cold northern regions, where the sun does not rise high above the horizon, the roof slope is made steep. The southern sun warms up the gently sloping surfaces well.
How to make a drying chamber for lumber?
The frame of the building is made of metal or timber treated with an antiseptic under pressure. The lining of the walls and floor of the chamber is made of moisture-resistant materials, the fences are insulated with mineral wool or hard foam boards. Internal surfaces The walls are treated with water-repellent compounds, aluminum powder is applied to them, and then painted black.
Fresh air blowers should not contain blades made of plastic, fusible materials. If the drying chamber for lumber is not used constantly, then the room is used for drying herbs, vegetables, berries or a seasonal greenhouse. After laying all the wooden blanks for drying, a distance of about 30-40 cm should remain between the stack and the wall on all sides.
Drying wood in artificially created conditions
When moisture is removed naturally, relative humidity values of about 18% are obtained. To improve the value, lumber is dried in drying chambers, where the temperature, the speed of forced air supply and its humidity are regulated.
Basic equipment for dryers
Whatever type of forced wood drying chamber is used, standard groups of equipment are allocated for all.
Transportation equipment is designed for loading and unloading logs or boards into the drying room. Includes machines and mechanical devices for storing workpieces in a stack or package, and carries out raising and lowering of lumber.
The thermal equipment of the chamber serves to raise the temperature of the internal air in the chamber and consists of many systems that determine the interconnected work of producing and transferring heat. These include heat exchange tanks, heaters, pipes for the passage of steam or hot water, condensate removal devices, shut-off valves and control devices.
The fuel is gas and liquid fuel. For small volumes of work, a drying chamber for wood-burning lumber is equipped. The coolant is saturated steam, water, gas obtained from combustion of the furnace, organic fillers of the system, having high temperature boiling. Electric heaters are widely used, where current energy is converted into a thermal component.
Circulation equipment is designed for the organized movement of air masses in the drying chamber. The elements of the system are fans, injectors and joint installations of these elements. To increase the efficiency of wood drying, automation of lumber drying chambers is used.
Drying chamber fence
To isolate wood from action environment install a chamber fence, which consists of a floor, ceiling, walls and intermediate partitions. Requirements for partitions:
- should not allow steam to pass through;
- fences must have low thermal conductivity;
- must have long term operation.
Fences are made separately from various building materials or there are prefabricated ones with a set of standard metal elements.
The first type of cameras has a longer operating life, but differs more for a long time commissioning, which is not always justified. prefabricated metal frames They are installed quickly, they are equipped with control and thermal devices, but the steel is subject to the destructive effects of wet and thermal conditions.
Working principle of vacuum drying
After stacking the wood, close the chamber door hermetically and begin the drying process. By using automatic devices Some of the air is removed from the chamber until a pressure of 8-10 bar is created inside. Thanks to this scientific approach, the moisture released from the wood moves faster from the center to the outer fences of the chamber, thereby ensuring uniform and high-quality drying. This is how vacuum drying chambers for lumber work.
Making a drying chamber yourself
Private developers dry wood in their yard; for this purpose, they install a drying chamber for lumber with their own hands. Its installation will require a large room, a heat source and a device for distributing air between drying packages of wooden blanks.
You can, of course, purchase used lumber drying chambers, but the degree of wear cannot always be determined correctly; it is much more profitable to arrange a room for drying wood yourself. This is an opportunity to get excellent results for little money.
Construction stages
You will need material for the frame, usually metal racks made from an angle or channel, used wooden beam after thorough treatment with an antiseptic. As wall covering apply metal sheets, moisture-resistant plywood panels, profiled rolled products. Thermal insulation is carried out using mineral moisture-resistant wool and polystyrene foam.
Before construction begins, the location of one dryer or several is determined, which serves as a plan for constructing a concrete foundation. The foundation is made for the stability of the structure and uniform distribution of the load on the ground. If a ready-made railway container is taken for the camera, then four columnar foundations are made for the corners of the car.
The metal frame is assembled using welding or bolted connections. When installing, check verticality and horizontality building level, trying to strictly observe the geometric dimensions. After securing the frame in the installation position, they begin to cover the outer walls, simultaneously inserting doors and ventilation windows.
The thermal insulation layer of the floor, walls and ceiling must be at least 12-15 cm, the base is insulated from moisture roll material. After this, the chamber is checked for leaks. To lay the first layer, stationary supports made of metal or wood are installed. Install a heat source, usually a powerful fan heater, position it so that the direction of the hot air is parallel to the lying boards.
Drying wood is a necessary condition to obtain quality raw materials. Building a house or making fillings for openings from damp lumber is fraught with distortions and damage to integrity. In order to carry out work with wood without problems, you need to take seriously the removal of excess moisture from the material.
