A four-pitched roof (hip) is one of the most popular roof structures in the field of private housing construction. The roof of the four-pitched type, in contrast to the gable roof structures, has additional triangular slopes. How to make your own hipped roof? To do this, you first need to study it design features, construction technology. After creating a roof project: calculate required amount building material, create drawings with the exact placement of all structural elements, indicate other points.
In this article
Types of hipped roof structures
- Hip roof is classic version hipped roof with two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes.
- Half-hip roof structure - a hip roof, in which the slopes of a triangular shape are shortened. This option is used in the presence of an attic.
- Hipped roof - the roof structure resembles a pyramid, all four slopes are triangular in shape. It is used to cover buildings of a square design, you can make a hipped roof for a gazebo.
Advantages of using a four-pitched (hip) roof
Design hipped roof consists of a rectangular base, four inclined planes, slopes, two of which are trapezoidal in shape, and two are triangular, located in the area where the gables are located at the gable roof structure. Attic, dormers, bay windows, cuckoos are installed on the slopes. This gives the roof a special look.
The main advantages of using a hipped roof structure
- Due to the absence of gables, such a roof is more stable than a gable roof against strong wind loads, therefore it is recommended for construction in regions where strong gusty winds prevail.
- A greater number of slopes helps more effectively in terms of the removal of melt, rainwater and snow. On such structures, snow is practically not retained.
- Under this design, you can equip a fairly spacious attic room.
- Another important plus of a hipped roof is the affordable cost of construction due to the use of wood building material for arranging the truss system, on which you can lay roofing at any price.
Creation of a hip roof project
How to build a hipped roof with your own hands? To do this, you must first prepare a design project with drawings and detailed details of its installation. To correctly determine the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, you need to carefully study the manufacturer's recommendations roofing, climatic conditions. For example, for slate, the recommended slope angle can be from 15 to 60 degrees, for roll soft roof- up to 18 degrees, for tiles - 30-60 degrees.
Important! Of great importance is the amount of precipitation in winter. With intense snowfall, it is better to make the slopes steeper so that the snow calmly rolls off the roof.
Having selected the optimal pitched angle of the roof for your region, it is necessary to calculate the height of the ridge and its other parameters. When calculating the rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the length of the rafters, the cross section wooden beam, run size, installation step.
When creating a hipped roof project, the following loads must also be taken into account:
- mass of used roofing material, coverage in general;
- weight of waterproofing, insulating coating;
- the amount of annual precipitation;
- wind, snow load;
- arrangement on the roof of additional elements: skylights, lights, antennas, etc.
Important! Having calculated all possible loads on the roof structure, it is necessary to add some margin of safety, which will guarantee the stability of the roof in unforeseen circumstances.
Also, all purchased lumber for the construction of the truss system must first be treated with an antiseptic.
truss system
The design of a hipped roof involves the choice of a certain section of the components of the truss system. The cross section is selected depending on the calculation of the expected loads on the rafter system during the operational period. In this case, wind, snow loads, the used angle of inclination of roof slopes are necessarily taken into account.
It is imperative to provide for a margin of safety for the rafters, calculate the step, taking into account their bearing capacity. The design of the rafter system is selected in relation to the parameters of the building: it is recommended to use inclined rafters if there are columnar supports, an internal load-bearing wall. If the possibility of forming such supporting structure missing, then it is necessary to equip the truss system hanging type. For some types of buildings, both options for truss systems are used.
When creating a project, it is necessary not only to choose the right rafter system, but also to determine the need for additional fastening elements, for example, puffs, braces, which give the structure greater rigidity, prevent it from loosening after long-term operation, and also reduce the percentage of load on the rafters themselves .
Load calculation
Considering in detail how to make a hipped roof on your own, it is recommended to pay Special attention calculations of possible loads on the roof structure.
Types of possible loads on the roof:
- loads that affect the roof constantly - this is the mass of the crate, protective materials(waterproofing, insulation), roofing material;
- temporary (non-permanent) loads - the mass of snow accumulated on the roof in winter, wind loads, other environmental impacts;
- extra loads are additional elements fixed on the rafters, for example, a water tank, ventilation system chambers, etc. (additional elements should also be taken into account in the process of creating a project, calculating the rafter system).
When designing a rafter system, two calculations are made, one of which is aimed at analyzing the strength (you need to make sure that the system is able to withstand the expected loads). Another calculation is aimed at analyzing the possible deformation of all elements of the roof.
After making all the provided calculations, drawings of the truss system of the hipped (mansard) roof are made. Detailed scheme should contain the dimensions of each component, as well as the method of their fastening.
Today, it is possible to significantly simplify the calculations for the truss system of a four-pitched roof structure using computer program, which will also help prevent accidental errors.
The final stage in the arrangement of a hipped (mansard) roof is its insulation. For this, it is recommended to use expanded polystyrene or basalt wool. insulation material placed between the rafters. It is also necessary to put a layer of waterproofing to protect the roof from moisture.
Eventually
A four-pitched roof is enough complex structure to build with your own hands. Therefore, before you start covering your house with roofing material on your own, you should thoroughly study the technology of erecting such a structure, consult with experts in this field. From how correctly and efficiently all stages of the construction of the roof will be carried out, the duration of its service life will depend in the future.
Hip or hipped roof- one of the most popular roofing options in the construction of individual housing around the world.
Unlike the gable roof of the house, on the sides of which gables are mounted, the hipped one has additional slopes in the shape of a triangle.
A four-pitched roof with your own hands is very difficult to perform, and if you are interested in how to make a four-pitched roof, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the theoretical part first.
Before starting work, you should carefully calculate everything, draw up drawings and a project in which you need to indicate the placement of various elements and other design features.
The calculation of the hipped roof and the project must take into account all the loads that will affect the building.
The design must be very strong, withstand strong winds, snowfall and other weather conditions. The service life of the roof depends on how correctly the roof material is selected.
That is why, when creating a project and drawings, it is very important to calculate everything correctly. Project of a hipped roof in the photo:
Before creating a project and a drawing of a four-pitched roof of a house, you must first find out the angle of inclination of the slopes, which depends on many factors, such as the purpose of the attic, the choice of roof material, and the features of atmospheric influences.
Most often, the angle of inclination of the roof of individual houses is from 5 to 60 degrees.
If in your area precipitation and winds do not differ great strength, then the angle of inclination of the structure in this case may be insignificant.
If in your area it often rains heavily, and in winter it snows, then the angle of inclination of the hipped roof of houses should be from 40-45 to 60 degrees.
The finishing material, as well as installation features, also depend on the option, what angle of inclination the structure will have:
- if the angle of inclination is less than 18 degrees, wavy and flat slate, and roll materials for roofing;
- when the angle of inclination is up to 30 degrees, varieties of tiles are usually used;
- for a roof whose slope angle is at least 30 degrees, piece material is usually used.
Calculation of the slope of the roof in the photo.
The design and calculation of the structure must take into account where all the elements of the roofing system will be located. When you have determined the slope of the hipped roof, you must also calculate the height of the ridge.
Roof truss system
The device of the roof of this type of private houses involves the calculation of the desired section of the rafters. The calculation is made based on the loads that your hipped roof will receive.
Calculations, as well as the design of the structure, should include wind load, the maximum possible mass of snow in winter, the angle of inclination of the roof.
When calculating the distance between the rafters, it is necessary to evaluate their ability to withstand loads, as well as their margin of safety, which should be 1.4 or more.
The type of device of the truss system depends on the features of the building, and therefore may be different.
If the house has a load-bearing wall or supports from pillars, then layered rafters are usually used, but if the support device is not possible, then hanging rafters are made.
In some buildings, both types of rafters are used simultaneously.
Carrying out drawing and project future construction, it is important not only to determine the type of truss system, but also to take into account additional fasteners that will give the structure strength and reduce the load on the beams.
Calculation of roof loads
When developing a drawing and a roof project for individual houses, it is important to correctly calculate the loads.
Loads are of the following types:
- constants - the weight of the insulating material, various materials finishes and insulation, weight of materials
- for roofing and lathing weight;
- temporary - the weight of snow in winter, Negative influence wind;
- additional - various designs that are attached to the roof.
When creating a project and a drawing of the roof of your house, you should adhere to the average snow load, which is 180 kg per square meter.
But if the angle of inclination is 60 degrees or more, then the snow load is not taken into account.
As for wind loads, their average value is usually 35 kg per square meter, but if the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, this amendment is not taken into account.
After making all the calculations, you can proceed to the choice of material for the roofing device.
The photo below shows a diagram of the structure of a hipped roof and the name of all structural elements.
The choice of materials for the construction of the roof
When the hipped roof area is covered with roofing material, a lot of waste remains.
Therefore, in order to cover the area of \u200b\u200ba hipped roof, roofing materials are usually chosen, the elements of which are small.
The most common materials for covering the roof area are flexible or ordinary tiles, slate sheets, ondulin, metal tiles.
To build a roof that will last for several decades, special attention must be paid to the selection of materials for the construction of the truss system.
Usually for the construction of a hipped roof, lumber is used from wood. conifers.
Do not neglect the quality of wood, choose a material without defects, which can further reduce the quality and durability of the structure.
An important criterion for choosing lumber is its moisture content, which should be no more than 15 - 20%.
If this indicator is exceeded, the beam should be dried before use, so that during the service the hipped roof does not distort or deform.
The construction of rafters for the roof of a house is usually carried out using a rectangular beam, the cross section of which should be calculated for each individual case.
To build such a structure, boards with a rectangular section measuring 50 by 100, 50 by 200, 100 by 150 and others are usually used.
If necessary, then in the process of work, you can double the boards to obtain the desired diameter.
To build a four-pitched roof, special steel elements are often used that hold the rafters firmly in one position for many years.
In addition, supports for ridge runs are also often made of metal.
Construction of a pitched roof
All wooden details for the roof frame, they are treated with a special compound that will protect the tree from fire. In places where the beam will be adjacent to brick or stone, it must be wrapped in waterproofing.
The construction of a hipped roof begins with laying the Mauerlat building around the perimeter of the roof area.
Fasten it with wire loops or studs, which are embedded in the wall or in the floor slabs. Next, install the central beam, which is located on the central axis of the house.
It should rest on a floor slab or internal wall.
In order for the structure to be absolutely symmetrical, it is important to correctly calculate and mark the location of the diagonal rafters, as well as the ridge support.
The height of the ridge must also be marked with maximum accuracy.
A clear symmetrical marking of the structure will make the load distribution uniform and prevent the roof from distorting in the future.
After the Mauerlat has been installed along the perimeter of the roof area, the beams are placed under the ridge run. The height of the ridge must strictly comply with the design drawings.
Diagonal beams withstand high loads during service, so they must be installed very well.
If the length of the beam or board is not enough, diagonal supports are made of two parts. In order for the junction not to experience the maximum load, a support bar is installed under it.
The structure can be made the most rigid if the joint with the support is located at such a distance that is equal to a quarter of the length of the rafter beam from its upper edge, which is attached to the ridge.
It is best to implement diagonal rafters with the help of prefabricated rafter legs, which are convenient to mount. You can see the process of installing diagonal rafters in the video.
The device of this roof involves the installation of not only full-length rafters that are connected to the ridge, but also those that are attached to diagonal beams - sprigs.
The closer to the corner of the house, the shorter the jumpers.
The distance between the rafters is determined during the development of the roof project, but it should be borne in mind that each slope must have at least three central rafters.
To give the structure maximum rigidity, supports, braces and puffs are attached in the necessary places. The scheme for attaching the rafters can be seen in the photo.
The final stage of the roof device is the installation of the rafter sheathing. Usually, a beam measuring 50 by 50 mm is used for the crate. The step of the crate depends on what roofing material you have chosen.
If the attic area will be used as a living room, then ventilation should also be installed.
To date, all manufacturers of roofing materials also offer ridge parts of the same textures and colors.
The main ridge is installed on the hipped roof, and skates that cover the gaps between the main slopes and hips.
Complete the installation of a hipped roof by installing cornices and gutters. The whole process is shown in the video.
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The four-pitched (hip) roof is considered one of the most complex structures. Like any, it has its advantages and disadvantages. To make an informed decision, you need to familiarize yourself with the actual performance characteristics of a hipped roof.
Flaws
As you can see, the advantages of a hipped roof are doubtful, and the disadvantages are significant.
Practical advice. Professional builders recommend choosing hipped roofs only in exceptional cases, when other options are unacceptable for various reasons.
Types of hipped roofs
Each country has its own building traditions and style preferences. What types of hip roofs are used by architects?
Table. Types of pitched roofs.
| View hip roof | Short description |
|---|---|
| The most simple roof, has two hip slopes of a regular triangular shape and two inclined ones in the shape of a trapezoid. The lower the angle of inclination of the slopes, the more you can make an overhang to protect the facade and the local area. |
| All slopes converge at one point, the roof ridge is missing. It is used as a covering of buildings of the correct square shape. |
| A successful attempt to improve the classic hip roofs. The hip slopes are slightly lowered, which allows you to install small windows. It has a significant drawback - due to the installation of windows it becomes even more complicated and so difficult installation rafter system. There are more complex options such a roof - another small hip slope is made above the window. |
| It has low gables and small hips above them. A feature of this design is that all rafter legs rest on parallel bearing walls. Due to this, the design is slightly simplified and the attic space is increased. |
There are no universal recommendations for choosing the type of hipped roof; each developer must make a decision on their own or after consulting with architects. But you should always remember that there are other, cheaper and good options truss systems.
Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof
For example, consider the variant of the simplest of the listed types of hip roofs - the classic one. But even such simple design a hip roof is much more difficult than any gable roof.
Important. You can start building a hip roof only after the professionals have made all the calculations. The best option- order a house project in the relevant organizations. This will be much cheaper than restoring the structure after its destruction.
During construction own house one has to solve thousands of issues, giving preference to one or another constructive solutions and materials. Even if the work is performed by a professional firm, the responsibility for this choice lies with the customer. And when a house is built independently, then not only the coordination of the project, but also its implementation falls on the shoulders of the homeowner.
In the old days, the knowledge of how to build a house was handed down by word of mouth from the old generation to the new one. Moreover, every adult man put them into practice, creating a home for his family. Now, a person without building skills does not know how to build with his own hands. However, one can obtain this information on the internet, ranging from finished projects and ending with video instructions.
Appearance and benefits
The four-pitched roof, which is also called the hip roof, consists of 4 inclined planes, slopes and a rectangular base. Two of them have a trapezoidal shape, they are located on the sides, and the end slopes resemble triangles and are located where gable roof there would be gables. Dormer or dormer windows, cuckoos, bay windows are placed on the slopes, which makes the appearance of such a roof even more interesting.
Those who are going to build a hipped roof with their own hands explain this choice by its advantages:
Create a project
Before starting construction, it is necessary to create its project and drawings in order to avoid mistakes in the process. installation work. After the length and width of the house is determined, the following calculations are made:
The composition of the truss system
To understand how to make a hipped roof, you need to know the composition of its truss system. This is a set of all supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing material lies. It includes:
Frame installation
A four-pitched roof is erected quite simply, subject to availability necessary tool and a pair of physically strong assistants. Work is performed in the following order:
Having studied the question of how to make a hipped roof at home with your own hands, you can save a lot on the wages of a hired team and be sure of the quality of the work performed. Although the design is considered complex, its assembly is quite within the power of a person with initial building skills, theoretical knowledge and the desire to build a house on their own!
Video instruction
The choice of the type of roof for the project of the future structure is very milestone construction. A mistake in this matter is costly: the integrity of the image is destroyed, harmony and respectability are lost. To cover a large private house with their own hands, architects and designers often recommend a hipped roof. Her device successfully combines recognizable appearance, reliability and practicality that no homeowner can resist.
Appearance and design
The four-pitched type roof consists of four intersecting planes, slopes. Two of them, triangular in shape, are called end, they replace the pediments. The remaining two are trapezoidal, known as facade. The slope angle of the slopes lies within 15-60 degrees, and the choice of roofing material is limited only by the imagination.
The design of the hipped roof consists of the following mandatory elements:
- The ridge, located at the very top of the roof, at the intersection of the planes of the slopes.
- Slopes, four surfaces located at an angle to the base of the roof and covered with roofing material.
- Overhangs, parts of the roof protruding beyond the perimeter of the base, necessary to protect the walls of the structure from water ingress. Overhangs are formed by lengthening rafter legs or special parts - filly.
- The truss system, which is not visible from the outside, but it is a frame, a support for a hipped roof that forms its geometry.
- Drainage system, which ensures the removal of excess liquid from the surface of the hipped roof. Usually, an external drain is installed, consisting of a gutter, a water intake funnel and a vertical pipe.
- Snow retainers, small sides located along the edges of the slopes, preventing the sudden collapse of the snow mass accumulated after a snowfall.
Varieties of forms
The term "four-pitched" hides several types of roofs, consisting of such a number of slopes, but having a different device:
Design
A hipped roof is a complex structure that requires precise calculations and project preparation. If earlier these tasks were only possible experienced craftsmen and designers, now everyone can solve them with the help of a computer and a special software. In the course of calculations, a scheme is drawn up and determined:
The result of the design process is a diagram that reflects the actual dimensions and relative position of the parts of the hipped roof.
truss system
The hipped roof rests on a frame called truss system. Almost all of its elements are made of coniferous wood. Since wood is a material of natural origin, moisture and bacteria have a destructive effect on it. To reduce it, an antiseptic treatment of deep penetration and a fire retardant are carried out to protect against fire. Includes:
Do-it-yourself installation of a four-pitched roof is a great way to complement the architectural design of a private house. By making an effort and building it yourself or by hiring professional craftsmen, the homeowner will become the owner of a comfortable, beautiful home!
Video instruction
