Why the stove smokes: possible causes and their elimination. Why and why the stove smokes - we find out the reasons, look for solutions, what to do Smoke from a wood-burning stove

Smoke from the stove - determining the causes

Despite centralized heating and widespread gasification, heating stoves have not left the everyday life of modern man. Many people heat their dachas in this way, others have not yet reached progress in the form of a gas pipeline, while others simply like to have a stove in the house, because the living warmth of the hearth has always created a comfortable environment in the house.

It doesn’t matter for what reasons the owner fires the stove the old fashioned way, but if the stove smokes, then this is already a problem and to eliminate it, you must first understand the causes of the smoke.

So, first you need to determine why the stove smokes and at what exact moments the smoke begins to partially or completely escape through the door. What is the weather like outside, cold or warm, windy or quiet, all these factors are of no small importance. Next, you should inspect the chimney for soot fouling, mechanical damage or blockage of the elbow. You also need to inspect the blower. It would not hurt to go up to the roof and inspect the pipe riser for cracks.

Having carried out a thorough inspection of the stove heating system, we can draw a conclusion about the reasons for the decrease in draft and smoke in the room. After all, in order to solve the problem, you must first determine why exactly the stove is smoking, and only then undertake repairs. Below we will consider separately different reasons

bad traction and solutions.

External smoke factors

To prevent the stove from smoking, it is necessary that the chimney exits directly from the firebox, without additional channels. The causes of smoke from the door and ashpit can be absolutely simple. For example, it grew over the roof garden tree

, it prevents the free outflow of air, and also reflects gusts of wind into the pipe, which creates reverse draft and, accordingly, smoke exhausts inside. This problem can be solved by simply cutting off the branches and freeing up free space within the radius of the pipe exit. But it happens that the reason is not at all an external barrier to the free circulation of air flows, and if the stove begins to smoke in windy weather, then perhaps is located much lower than the ridge of the roof, which is why air flows creeping along the roofing sheet again impede free air exchange. In this case, the pipe needs to be extended and the problem will be eliminated.

If the stove smokes when damp and rainy weather, then there may be several reasons. Each chimney is laid out individually depending on the height of the house structure. Some smoke passages are quite long and complexly curved, with several bends and a high riser. Other drainage systems carbon monoxide and smoke are simpler and work almost “directly”. In such cases, a possible cause of poor circulation may be snow and rain entering the pipe, which causes dampness, and the passing smoke quickly cools, condenses and can create an air lock. In this case, a cap or umbrella is mounted above the pipe head. They differ from each other in the degree of pipe coverage. An umbrella is made of tin or metal and rises at a distance, protecting from rain and moisture. And the cap completely covers the chimney and is part of the brickwork, has side openings for removing gases and is mounted mainly for protection from bad weather and strong winds.

Causes of smoke due to burning and cleaning

Breakdown is one of the causes of smoke in the furnace due to a violation of the seal.

Problems with the removal of gases and smoke may have a different nature, independent of weather conditions. It happens that the stove smokes due to poor care and oversight. For example, a ash pit clogged with ash ceases to fulfill its function of providing and controlling draft force, which naturally affects the intensity of the fire and the removal of combustion products. If firewood, coal or peat have a poor supply of oxygen during combustion, then intense formation of smoke occurs, which simply does not find any other way out except all the available cracks. It is known that combustion products are heavier than air, and oxygen aeration directs them outward. If oxygen access is limited, then clouds of smoke will spread and enter the room.

Another reason that the stove smokes can be the fouling of the chimney with soot and fumes, up to the complete blocking of the passage. To eliminate this problem, you need to clean the stove, chimney and all passages. In specialized hardware stores today, chimney cleaning products are available for sale. Using them is extremely simple, just burn the purchased product in the oven and during the combustion process the chemical elements will dry out the greasy soot and fumes, and burn off all the accumulated soot until it completely falls off. But not always similar method cleaning gives a 100% result, and the stove smokes as before.

You can clean the smoke exhaust system the old fashioned way, mechanically. To do this, use various special metal brushes or old, outdated brushes. A metal wire bent at the end is also used to clean the bends of the knees. The pipe itself is cleaned from the roof by lowering plumbs or using pipe cleaners.

The most common problems and their solutions

Another simple reason why the stove smokes during lighting may be the formation of an air cushion due to weather conditions, or due to prolonged inactivity. This problem is easy to identify. You need to light a match or a piece of wood in the firebox and see if the smoke goes away. If the smoke spreads or the fire goes out, then perhaps an air cushion has formed in the pipe due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure or the occurrence of reverse draft when the temperature in the house is lower than outside. In this case, preheating the chimney will help. To do this, with the ashpit closed and the firebox door open, ordinary newsprint is burned inside. Five minutes of intense burning of light material is enough to break through the air blockage.

If, despite all efforts to preheat and clean the vent, the stove still smokes, then you need to go up to the roof and inspect the masonry. In most cases, depending on time and exposure environment the plaster crumbles, the integrity of the brickwork is destroyed and cracks are formed through which air exchange occurs and the intensity of draft is disrupted. Moreover, this problem is fraught fire hazard, since streams of smoke from the cracks carry sparks and can create a fire.

This problem can be eliminated by filling the resulting cracks with clay mortar and plastering the outside and, if possible, the inside of the chimney. The solution is prepared with a medium consistency, because too much clay content will cause new cracks when drying, and a solution that is poor in content will simply crumble and crumble.

Brick falling out

If the stove is cleaned, coated, preheated, but still smokes, then there is no need to immediately call a stove technician. You can try to carry out a more detailed inspection and still determine the cause of the smoke. Quite often, the cause may be a banal piece of brick falling out of the masonry. This can create a problem when a brick falls into hard to reach place and it may be necessary to partially disassemble the chimney to get it out.

Armed with a flashlight, if possible, you should inspect the stove as carefully as possible in all corners. You can insert a mirror attached to a wire into the smoke passage to carefully examine the rising riser. Also, a bent wire is pushed through all accessible passages and thus the blockage is determined. If you can feel a moving object, then perhaps this is the problem and you can try to pick up a piece and push it out.

If all else fails and the stove is still smoking, then you cannot do without the help of a knowledgeable stove technician. Such a specialist is able to determine the cause of the smoke by the intensity of the draft, or by tapping, find the place in the masonry where the ill-fated brick fell out, disassemble part of the stove, remove the problem and fix everything.

Since ancient times, the stove has helped a person heat a house and cook food. For example, the wigwam of the American Indians included in its design a hole for the smoke from the fire to escape. So housing of this type can be considered the beginning of a tradition. When the brick house was built, it became its obligatory attribute. They cook very well on the stove delicious dishes. National cuisine often includes such recipes, and today dacha owners prepare firewood, do not throw away dry branches - they use all possible resources of the earth, and heat the house with their own firewood.

Tradition, comfort, source of soot

Whether it is stone or iron, a stove is very comfortable. She creates an incredible atmosphere. Can there be a bathhouse without it? A bathhouse is unthinkable without a stove. What else will shape the climate here - dry the air, fill it with steam?

The bathhouse in all its diversity exists only because a person once decided to build a stove and got tired of looking at the fire. It has long been part of Russian folk traditions and is very popular in the 21st century due to its positive effect on health. The bathhouse is an important part healthy image life. But what to do if the iron or stone stove breaks down?

When something is wrong with the stove

If, instead of warmth and pleasant emotions, the stove for some reason begins to smoke and cause discomfort, then something is wrong. It is quite obvious that this should not happen. Even if the room still breathes comfortably, it’s just kindling, the acrid smoke doesn’t get into large quantities inside, appearance the structure will certainly be ruined by soot. An open window door won't help.

It doesn’t matter whether the stove in the bathhouse is smoking, the stove is smoking in the country, or the stove is smoking in the kitchen, whether it is iron or stone - it’s time to act and act decisively. If the stove in the bathhouse smokes, for example, all the clients will run away. What kind of kindling and regular cleaning are there? This should not be allowed. Soot and sauna are also incompatible concepts. Even a small amount of smoke entering the room is an alarming signal.

To eliminate the problem, you need to know the reasons, figure out what’s wrong here, why this is happening. If your business is at risk, it is certainly worth calling a specialist. When it comes to housing, the owner can handle a lot of things and it’s easy to deal with the problem on his own. Knowing the causes of smoke, it is easier to objectively evaluate all the pros and cons, either take the risk of doing the work yourself, or trust the professionals.

There are many reasons why a stove smokes. They all boil down to one thing - no traction. In some situations you need to rebuild the stove, in another you have to redo one element, and sometimes it’s enough to warm it up well and work will improve.

All stoves can be divided into new ones and those that have been in use for a long time. Service life matters, because the reasons for smoking here will be different. IN new oven there is probably a defect. In the old and proven one, most likely, something has become unusable.

When the stove has been in use for a long time and suddenly starts smoking

The most common cause of smoking in long-running furnaces is a lack of draft or reverse draft. The first thing to do in this situation is to bring a match or a burning sheet of paper to the open combustion door. The smoke should be drawn out into the street through this pipe. If the fire does not pull into the chimney or back into the room, it has simply frozen, which means there is no draft.

1. There is no traction. Why might she be missing? The chimney pipe is probably clogged. Soot, pebbles, anything can interfere. It needs to be cleaned. You can actually do this yourself if you have the opportunity to climb onto the roof. Once upon a time, the owners themselves handled the stoves; there was no such person - a stove master. The main thing is to avoid accidents and not damage the structure with excessive force. Possible sources of problems with the pipe are ash, cobwebs, debris and soot. They will inevitably collapse inside the stove, so you need to close the doors before climbing onto the roof and cleaning the chimney.
2. Reverse thrust. In a situation where the fire of a lit match tends back into the room, rather than drawing it into vent, we are talking about reverse thrust. Cold air in the ventilation interferes with the normal circulation of smoke, becoming an obstacle no worse than a brick. Opening the door will not improve the situation. To get rid of an air plug, you need to light the paper while cleaning and wait until the warm smoke pushes this plug out. Kindling extended over time is the best option.
3. There is draft in the pipe, but no draft in the firebox. In this situation, it is necessary to carefully inspect the channels leading from the firebox to the pipe. They are either clogged and it’s time to remove the ash and debris, or they are damaged and reconstruction or replacement is urgent.
4. The fire is weak, not orange, but red, and smoke comes into the room. Again, the channels and pipe are clogged, alas, most likely with very strong combustion products from raw firewood. One of the reasons why you should use only properly prepared firewood is possible global destruction. If you burn through the stove again, all the channels, clean them, the situation may improve. But when burning doesn’t help, you need to call a specialist. The oven is probably damaged and will have to be rebuilt.
5. The stove smokes when lit. What to do if the stove smokes when lighting? There is a high probability of a design defect. Sometimes the source of trouble is a pipe with a diameter that is too small or the first channel is located too low. You need to call a specialist. Kindling should not be accompanied by smoke or cause negative emotions.
6. The stove starts smoking when there is a strong wind outside. In this case, most likely, you will have to redo the pipe. It needs to be made higher.

The stove, which was recently built, is smoking

1. If a completely new stove smokes. What to do with new design that refuses to function? Of course, you shouldn’t get upset ahead of time. It's not necessarily something that's wrong. To accurately determine the reasons, you need to heat it for half an hour, then inspect the inside of all the doors - if there is condensation on them, the stove has not dried out completely.
2. The new stove is completely dry and smoking. If it takes enough time for the structure to dry, but it still smokes, the reasons are defects and it is better not to take risks - call a specialist to detect any mistakes made.

When a new stove does not work well, you need to call a stove technician from Gorgaz. He will draw up an act, write a conclusion, which will become a weighty argument - something like “the stove is smoking: the reasons ...”. Only with this certificate can we talk about the failure of the company that built such a furnace to fulfill its obligations. Possible consequences incompetence and carelessness are too serious here.

It is possible to bring an unscrupulous businessman to justice. The Code of Administrative Offenses will help with this. If you want to make a stove yourself, as beautiful as in the photo, you should remember that the law does not prohibit this, but the chimney must be legalized.

Why does the stove smoke? Possible causes are sought by everyone who has a heat source with a rich history at their disposal. Most modern citizens consider the stove a relic of the past, an absolutely simple object. In fact, this is a rather complex engineering structure. It happens that during operation the room suddenly becomes filled with volatile combustion products, and areas of the stove become black with soot.

If there is smoke

Practice shows that the “old lady” is still popular today. So the question is relevant. “Stove stoves” and other “heating units” made of metal are in demand. They consist of a firebox and a chimney. It would seem as simple as shelling pears. But why does the iron stove smoke? Possible reasons: narrowing of the chimney due to soot deposits, loose door. have internal smoke channels that help retain heat longer.

Some of the precedents that disrupt the course of the ancient process are a matter of concern for professional stove makers and chimney sweeps. However, there are problems that the owner himself can determine.

So, everything was fine, and suddenly (and perhaps in another place) it began to smoke. This should alert every sensible owner: perhaps depressurization has occurred, which is fraught not only with increased waste of firewood or coal, but also with a fire.

Prevention is important

Let us repeat: to identify and eliminate the causes of smoke caused by a house, country or sauna stove, you can use the services of professionals, but why not delve into the topic yourself if experienced craftsmen not nearby? Be that as it may, the stove owner must remember: a problem is easier to prevent than to fix.

To avoid wondering too often why the stove is smoking, possible reasons needs to be nipped in the bud. At least once a year, carefully inspect brickwork, clean the chimney. It is believed that the most suitable time for this is early autumn: it is still warm, there is no need to rush, if preventive actions are not carried out carefully enough, you can repeat the process and correct the shortcomings.

It happens that the owners are distracted by other tasks and postpone inspection and cleaning until later. Or they bought a house with a fireplace in poor condition. What to do in such cases? Increase attention to an important object! If you feel that at a stable temperature “overboard” you do not have enough of the usual daily amount of firewood (peat briquettes, coal), this is a signal for decisive repair actions.

Soot removal accessories

People often wonder: why does it smoke? Are the possible causes removable? When smoke appears from this massive object (as well as from any other “queen of fire”), first check the draft. It is unacceptable for it to be bad or absent. The ventilation effect formed due to the temperature difference between the outside and inside the pipe is something without which there is and cannot be a single “white” stove. “Black” is pipeless, the oldest, they say it is more hygienic, fungi die in it, but it is unlikely that a modern person is ready to wash or live in a “grimy” smoke-filled room.

Over time, the smoke exhaust tunnel walls become covered with a layer of soot. It is believed that even a build-up of just three millimeters significantly reduces the heat transfer of the furnace. There are devices for removing soot. You can borrow it from your neighbors or make it yourself. Option 1: take a nylon washcloth made of thick thread, place it with a weight-stone in an old string bag (strong mesh), pass a rope through the handles. And for cleaning!

Sequence of manipulations

Option 2: cut the steel wire into pieces commensurate with the size of the chimney. Take a duralumin tube, drill holes in it, and insert blanks into them. Make a loop through which the brush can be attached to the rope. To make the tube heavier, fill it with sand (some people fill it with lead).

First, clean the central outer chimney. Then proceed to cleaning the ash and soot deposits that have accumulated in the overhead space. The cast iron stove is very heavy and not everyone can lift it. If so, then use the option through the burner. The most difficult stage is “flushing” the smoke channels.

Some passages have so-called cleaning doors. Then things move faster. There are also inset bricks. If necessary, the bars that are not reinforced in the main masonry are removed and reinserted after cleaning. (It is important to label them).

Restoring air exchange

In your case, the chimney is clean, the doors are fitted, but doesn’t that make it any easier? Then why does the stove smoke? Possible reasons can be found below:

• The pipe does not have a protective cap. In windy weather, blowing occurs. Wait until the disaster ends and take measures to install a life-saving “cap”.
• The cause of smoke from the stove door or ash pan may be a branchy tree hanging over the chimney. The obstacle prevents the outflow of air, gusts of wind are reflected into the pipe. A reverse draft appears, the smoke does not go up, but into the room. Exit: remove branches in the near-pipe space. By the way, try the method if you are puzzled by finding an answer to the question of why a new stove smokes. Possible reasons are on the surface, you just need to analyze the situation and inspect the area: is there a high wall nearby? This is also a risk factor in terms of air backflow. It is not necessary to destroy the barrier or cut down all the surrounding trees - protect the pipe with a cap.
• The roof ridge is located above the chimney. This interferes with normal air exchange. Extend the pipe and everything will go as usual.
• The masonry was destroyed by bad weather (it’s not in vain that evil winds, heavy rains, and severe frosts try their best). The wind blows through the cracks. Air pockets form. The craving is broken. In this state of affairs, urgent repairs are needed.

Defects in the door and combustion chamber

Many people are interested in why the stove in the bathhouse smokes? Possible reasons:

• The cleanout door does not completely cover the hole. A temporary measure is to fill the gap with a suitable chip of brick, covering the liner with clay, the main thing is to select and install an appropriate barrier.
• If you use firewood, dried tomato and potato bushes, other plant residues from your favorite garden, as well as straw and hay as fuel, you need to make the vent longer.
• The combustion chamber is defective. In this case, smoke appears when the door is opened. It is necessary to take measures to increase traction. If there is a nearby welded oven a row of bricks edged at the same level with the fan of the door frame will help. When the gas exhaust channel is located below the combustion door (or at the level), a jumper made of bricks at the level of the top of the door, installed near back wall firebox

Having studied the above cases, you will find the answer to the question, why does the new Russian stove smoke? Possible reasons (in addition to design flaws) are usually associated with the firebox, pipe, dampers, and doors.

The chimney is clogged and there is moisture in it

If whitish smoke passes through a loosely closed summer valve, check the pipe for branches or pieces of brick (it could be clogged). Also make sure it doesn't need any soot cleaning.

If the chimneys are filled with moisture, drying is carried out as follows: the lowest hole for cleaning is opened, a mini-fire made of wood chips is laid out in it (fuel in tablets - “dry alcohol” is suitable). The entire oven is heated at the same time. As soon as traction is restored, the opening is filled.

Why does the stove smoke? Possible reasons:

• the walls of the oven are leaky;
• The gas collector is not large enough;
• The chimney cross-section is calculated incorrectly.

Maybe your fireplace is part of a stove, and the gases exit into a single chimney. To avoid "smoke", start heating with the symbol hearth and home(fireplace).

Are two stoves and their chimneys connected to the same pipe at the same level? Make a cut. Another option: connect one stove to a riser above or below (via an inclined chimney). Resinous soot is burned out directly in the chimney (with dry wood chips, long stove matches).

Specialized stores have products that help keep the chimney in perfect condition. Follow the instructions and you can remove soot and fumes quite easily.

Smoke rises into the chimney and flutters over the roof - which means the stove is functioning normally, but if the clouds do not enter the chimney, but accumulate in the room, it becomes difficult to breathe, things and bedding smell like smoke, and the efficiency of heating the room suffers. You can get out of the situation, but first you have to study the problem.

How to understand why the stove smokes? Possible causes of the phenomenon lie in improper kindling, accumulation of burning and soot on the walls of the pipe, and design errors in the masonry. We will look at these and other reasons in more detail later in the article.

Causes of smoke from an old stove in the house

In this case, the reason for the uncoordinated functioning of the system may be a banal blockage of the vent with ash, as a result of which the draft has worsened. Rake out the accumulated deposits with a poker and try to melt it. Sometimes such simple manipulations help resolve the smoke, but if the problem cannot be eliminated, carefully check the entire system and identify what led to the problem.

Late cleaning

There are more serious reasons why a stove smokes. Possible layers of soot or soot of 3 mm or more reduce heat transfer by up to two times and impair traction. In some cases this leads to a fire. Do not forget about periodic and timely cleaning of your home. brick oven!

General cleaning is carried out independently, armed with a thick wire or pole with a rag tightly wound at the end. The device is lowered into the pipe and the walls are thoroughly cleaned.

If there is a small amount of soot, you can use special means. They are added to the firebox along with firewood and wood chips. During the combustion of such substances, special volatile compounds are released that contribute to the destruction of contaminants. This, by the way, is one of the options for getting out of the situation when the stove in the bathhouse smokes.

Damp chimney

Condensation accumulates in systems that have not been used for several months. To get rid of steam, open the lower soot cleaner and light a small fire in it from a flammable material: dry wood chips, paper, tableted dry alcohol. Having warmed up the chimney well, close the damper and begin heating in the stove.

Using the wrong type of fuel

Why does the stove smoke? A possible reason is a large temperature difference with fuel that does not match the type of stove. In coal stoves, the length of the blower is equal to the size of the firebox. If you burn wood in such a stove, then cold air, gathering in the firebox, does not have time to warm up and goes back through the open door, saturating the room with smoke and soot. To fix the problem, shorten the blower by placing one or more brick halves on its end (the number depends on the length of the blower).

It is important to know that smoke is often caused by improper placement of firewood inside a brick oven. If the fuel does not completely cover the grate, then the main air flows go past. As a result, cooled flue gases escape into the room. You can eliminate the problem associated with the fact that the stove smokes when lighting, by stacking the logs in even rows so that they are closely adjacent to each other.

Minor defects on the inner surface of the walls

Have you eliminated the visible causes of smoke, but the stove still continues to smoke? Another reason for this is cracks on the walls of the chimney and combustion chamber. Cold air penetrates through these cracks, lowering the temperature level, as a result of which the stove smokes. What to do to get rid of small cracks? To do this you need:

1. Clean the surface, widening the cracks with a chisel.
2. Prepare a liquid primer by mixing cement with water and thoroughly coat the cracks.
3. While the treated surface dries, prepare clay grout for plastering, using 2 parts clay and 1 part sand. In order to increase the strength of the mixture, add 0.1 parts of asbestos. Add as much water to the crumbly mixture as needed to achieve a thick consistency.
4. The cracks are filled using a triangular trowel, the surface is leveled and rubbed with a wooden float.
5. Leave the plaster and wait until it is about 80% dry.
6. Apply a finishing layer of grout on top, applying do-it-yourself repair oven, moving from bottom to top.
7. After waiting for the surface to dry completely, you should moisten a wooden grater in water and rub in the remaining irregularities, performing smooth circular movements.

Remember that small cracks that form in the tile cladding are rubbed with a solution based on alabaster and chalk.

Loose bricks are another cause of smoke

Constant temperature changes negatively affect the strength of the masonry of the first channels of the chimney or firebox, where cracks most often form, the glue that holds the bricks together crumbles, causing them to become loose. Such areas are shifted:

1. First they select quality material with perfectly smooth walls.
2. Damaged bricks are carefully removed from the damaged masonry, removing the remains of the old mortar.
3. The surface is cleaned using a metal brush.
4. When repairing a stove, apply a clay solution to the prepared surface, paying special attention to the lower parts of the recess (the place from which the brick is removed).
5. They lay a new block, while watching exactly how the brick fits into the niche. If trimming was carried out, then it is inserted into the groove so that the smooth side is on the inside - on the side of the exhaust gases.

It is important to pay attention to the weather in which the stove smokes in the house or kitchen. If this phenomenon is observed only in the cold season, then the reason lies in the excessive thermal conductivity of the pipe and chimney. In this case, all seams on the outer parts are opened, re-coated with clay, and the surface is plastered. In this case, the freshly applied layer of plaster should be 1-2 cm thicker than the previous one. To coat the stoves, you can use a special purchased mastic.

Reasons why a new stove smokes

Don’t know what to do and how to eliminate the problem of the formation of clouds of smoke during kindling? In 90% of cases, the reason lies in a design defect or violation of masonry technology during the work process. As a result, the new stove smokes.

Design features

To avoid this, the following requirements are put forward for stoves intended for heating premises:

• the chimney opening should be 14 x 27 cm for wood-burning and peat stoves or 14 x 14 cm for coal stoves;
• the height of the chimney is at least 6 cm (from the grate to the top);
• the height of the chimney above the roof is from 70 cm, but not higher than 50 cm from the end of the ridge.

An exception may be the case when the ridge is located at a distance of more than 1.5 m, then the pipe can be extended to the same height.

Other causes of stove smoke

If you can help solve a smoke problem when it lies in inconsistency internal dimensions If the chimney meets the required parameters, only a stove specialist can do it, then you can deal with external problems without resorting to additional help. You can solve problems related to the pipe in this way:

1. The work begins with a banal exploration of the area. High walls and trees near the house can create wind barriers. Air flows, blowing out the pipe, drive smoke back into the room. One option with a 90% chance of solving the problem would be to put a special cap on the top of the pipe.
2. A common cause of smoke is insufficient pipe height. Ideally, it is increased, but such manipulation is not always possible. If heating season has already started, just put a metal bucket on the pipe, having first removed the bottom from it.

Rules for putting a new furnace into operation

The service life and smooth operation of the system depend on the correctness of its commissioning. Irregular use or improper lighting of the stove can also cause smoke.

If, upon completion of the masonry, the materials still remain damp, then this moisture must be gotten rid of, especially if the heating season is already approaching. The drying period for a new stove is 7-10 days in the warm season and up to 21 days in the cold season. The process is carried out in stages, starting with airing the room.

The drying procedure continues until the walls become uniform and wet spots disappear from the surface of the screed. The absence of condensation on the metal parts of the stove indicates that excess moisture evaporated.

A week after the start of ventilation, a small fire is lit in the oven twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. The volume of firewood storage is gradually increased. Don't try to speed up the process by firing too hard. High temperatures can lead to cracking of the walls inside and the formation of cracks in masonry.

Remember that firewood coniferous species when burned, they emit smoke that settles in the form of resinous soot, which is practically not removed from the internal walls of chimneys.

Now you know why stoves smoke. We also looked at possible reasons for the formation of puffs of smoke and methods for eliminating the problem with your own hands.

Often, owners of private houses and bathhouses are faced with a rather serious problem - smoke from the heating furnace.

There are a huge number of reasons for this phenomenon - from violations of the device’s construction technology to a decrease in smoke draft. Smoke may be temporary or permanent, but in any case requires prompt elimination. First of all, it is necessary to determine the probable reasons why the stove smokes in the house and bathhouse, and choose effective ways their elimination.

Causes of smoke in old stoves

If an aged stove smokes, then the main reasons include: overturning of the draft, soot adhesion, a damp chimney, the wrong type of fuel material, the appearance of deformations or wear of the heating equipment.

Rollover traction

If the stove smokes, this may mean that the draft is decreasing or stalling. A similar process occurs as a result long downtime ovens. This changes the direction of movement of air masses, as a result of which the smoke is not removed outside, but remains indoors. If there is no draft in the chimney, the main reason may be mechanical blockage of the channel for removing combustion products.

This phenomenon does not depend on the ambient temperature or the design features of the chimney system.

If there is no good draft in the heating furnace, then the following options are provided to solve this problem:

• Open and warm up the chimney hog in the attic.
• Open the cleaning door to warm up the chimney.
• Place the ignited flammable material in the chimney duct.

Soot adhesion

The most common reason reduction in draft - soot adhesion inside the chimney duct, pipe and stove hog. Even a minimum soot thickness of 3 mm can lead to a decrease in heat transfer, deterioration of traction and a fire.

Soot formation is promoted by insufficient thermal insulation of the chimney or combustion coniferous wood. An accessible option for removing blockages is cleaning the chimney system. Activities are carried out as follows:

• A clean rag is wrapped around the free end of a metal rod, which is lowered into the pipe. After this, the walls are thoroughly cleaned from dirt.
• In case of slight soot adhesion, you can use special compounds that are added to the fuel material in the firebox. In this case, combustion is accompanied by the release of compounds that contribute to the destruction of existing contaminants. Most affordable option– coarse rock salt.

Damp chimney

Prolonged downtime of the stove leads to the formation of condensation in the chimney duct and further smoke formation of the heating equipment. To warm up the system, it is enough to open the lower iron flap to clean the surface from soot, and place a lit flammable material inside - sawdust, paper, wood chips or dry alcohol. After thoroughly warming up the chimney pipe and leveling the draft, you can start lighting the stove.

Unsuitable fuel material type

In some cases, smoke occurs due to the wrong choice of fuel, which is not suitable for a particular type of stove.

For example, coal or solid fuel units can easily smoke if dry wood is used for kindling rather than coal or peat briquettes. Unlike wood stove, V similar devices The dimensions of the blower correspond to the dimensions of the combustion compartment, therefore, when using wood fuel, the cooled air masses do not warm up sufficiently and remain in the room along with the smell of smoke and soot.

The problem is solved by shortening the ash compartment or using the appropriate type of fuel.

Presence of deformations in the structure

Another obvious reason for deterioration in draft is the appearance of deformations in the structure of the chimney or stove firebox. Cracks, potholes and crevices become a cold bridge, which leads to a decrease in combustion temperature. Fuel material It burns worse, and the stove begins to smoke.

Independent elimination of such defects is carried out as follows:

1. Preparation of a solution for plastering based on clay, sand and asbestos in a ratio of 2:1:0.1, as well as a liquid cement primer.
2. Thorough cleaning of areas with deformations to improve adhesion of the solution to the surface.
3. Surface treatment with cement primer.
4. Filling and leveling defects with a binder.
5. Application finishing plaster on the treated surfaces.

Important! Defects in tiles are filled with a special solution of chalk and a building gypsum base. Elements with serious damage require replacement.

Wear and tear of the structure

The next serious reason why a stove smokes may be wear and tear of the structure as a result of long-term use, negative impacts high temperatures, condensation and soot accumulation.

Violation of integrity can lead to the formation of cracks and holes, which reduce draft in the chimney. Not only the structure of the stove is subject to destructive effects, but also the chimney, the walls of which can be deformed under the influence of unfavorable temperature processes.

To eliminate wear and tear, damaged areas will need to be repaired. To achieve this, the following activities are carried out:

1. Preparation of high-quality heat-resistant bricks for restoration of worn areas.
2. Removing damaged elements from masonry. Surface cleaning.
3. Preparation of a solution of clay and sand, application to the prepared base.
4. Laying new bricks, leveling the surface.

Important! The new layer of masonry mortar should be 1-2 cm thicker than the old one.

Causes of smoke in new heating stoves

What to do if a recently installed stove smokes? Often the cause of smoke is structural inconsistencies, non-compliance with the technology of the masonry process, insufficient ventilation, and the absence of a distribution box.

Incorrect chimney height

The main reason for smoke in new stoves is a miscalculation of the height of the chimney pipe. Heating equipment for a Russian bathhouse and a private house must meet the following parameters:

• The size of the stove pipe opening depending on the type of fuel: 140×140 mm (coal) and 140×270 mm (peat briquettes, firewood).
• The height of the chimney above the roof is 75 cm, the elevation above the ridge is 50 cm. If the ridge is more than 1.5 meters away from the chimney, then the chimney can be of a similar height.

If the height of the chimney is not sufficient to prevent smoke, then you can increase it yourself.

Why does the stove smoke when the door is opened during the lighting process? A similar problem arises when there are serious design flaws: incorrect cross-section of the exhaust pipe, low location of the inlet duct, unswept chimney. To eliminate the shortcomings you will need major renovation heating equipment.

Violation of stove and well construction technology

The required clearance of the chimney pipe ensures quick and safe removal of fuel combustion products. The minimum pipe diameter for a house is 15 cm, for a bathhouse – 10 cm. The height of the pipe and its installation location on the roof must correspond to the chosen design of the heating stove.

In addition, the inlet to the first well (in the combustion chamber) must be located no lower than the top of the door, otherwise this may lead to smoke every time the stove is lit. The shortcomings can only be corrected by rebuilding the furnace structure.

When assembling the chimney, you should avoid using elements of different sections, which can be the main cause of smoke in the stove. The best option– round pipe. Rectangular smoke exhaust channels can create unnecessary air vortices and increase soot deposition.

Poor ventilation

Another reason why a new furnace starts to smoke is poor ventilation. As a rule, when arranging a ventilation system forced type, the owners of the building provide exhaust hood only in functional rooms - a sanitary unit, a kitchen or a dressing room. However, a separate smoke channel must also be equipped in rooms where normal movement of air masses is required: in the steam room and washing room.

No distribution box

If there are two heating stoves installed in a building, for which a common smoke exhaust system is provided, then smoke occurs as a result of the absence of a distribution box.

To eliminate this problem, it is enough to make a distribution box with two separate channels or operate the furnaces alternately.

The distribution box is a special brick partition located inside the common chimney.

Checking the draft quality in the chimney pipe

To determine further measures to eliminate smoke from the stove, it is necessary to check the quality of draft in the smoke exhaust system. Verification is carried out in one of the following ways:

1. Using an anemometer. High-precision professional device for determining smoke draft.
2. Ignition of flammable material. The burning material is brought to the chimney grate - with good draft, the flame is directed upward, with poor draft or its absence, it remains motionless.
3. Visual check. If, when lighting the stove, the flame acquires a dark red tint, this indicates a decrease in draft. Good draft provides a light, almost white flame.
4. Presence of a strong smell of smoke. If strong odors appear when the firebox is open, this indicates a mechanical blockage of the chimney system.

The full list of reasons why a heating stove starts to smoke is quite long. In each individual situation, it is necessary to take into account: the nature (temporary or permanent) and duration of the smoke, temperature regime indoors, weather conditions, design features and equipment service life.

If the technology for arranging and lighting the stove is followed, the likelihood of smoke in the structure is minimal. But if a problem is still detected, then timely diagnosis and troubleshooting will ensure long term operation of heating equipment.