Air temperature standards. Temperature standards for office premises

Compliance with heating standards in winter is very important, because otherwise the tenants can become very cold.

The standards are set by GOST standards and are taken into account by management companies.

Exist building regulations and norms - SNiPs, according to which features are established temperature regime in apartments during the winter.

They are used primarily to protect the rights and interests of citizens.

Norms in winter indoors according to GOST

The temperature in the apartment must comply with the standards given in the table. This is especially important when creating a room for a newborn baby in the house.

Ordinary living rooms they are heated at an average level, according to GOST, but in the corner temperature should always be 2 - 4 degrees higher due to the peculiarities of its location and cold air blowing.

Room type	t air in degrees Minimum	t air in degrees Permissible	Relative humidity in % Minimum	Relative humidity in % Permissible
Living room	20 – 22	18 – 24	30 – 45	60
Residential premises in areas where the air temperature reaches -31 degrees and below	21 – 23	20 – 24	30 – 45	60
Toilet	19 – 21	18 – 26	Not installed	Not mouth.
Kitchen	19 – 21	18 – 26	Not mouth.	Also
Bathroom, combined sanitary unit	24 – 26	18 – 26	Not mouth.	Not mouth.
Corridor between apartments	18 – 20	16 – 22	30 – 45	60
Staircase	16 – 18	14 – 20	Not mouth.	Not mouth.
Storage rooms	16 – 18	12 – 22	Not mouth.	Not mouth.

In spring and summer, heating is turned off after the temperature in the region reaches +8 degrees and lasts for several days.

How to take measurements correctly

After a citizen notices that the heating in the room is insufficient, he begins to demand that the public utilities reduce utility bills.

Before doing this, you need to self-check for possible hypothermia of the apartment for other reasons.

After the employees of the Criminal Code arrive at the house, they will start checking the battery, the premises, measure how many degrees of heat are stored in the room, but if they notice a draft, they can not hope for a recalculation.

In order to exclude such a situation, before calling the masters at home, you need to do the following:

Check how tightly the windows and doors in the room are closed	Representatives of the management company will without fail check possible sources of leakage of incoming heat
It is acceptable to use a regular room thermometer	It should be properly positioned - the device should hang at a distance of at least 1 meter from outer wall and at a height of at least 1.5 meters
If a citizen suspects	That the heating in the apartment is not sufficient, measurements should be taken every hour, during the day. If, as a result of the check, it is found that the temperature in the room does not meet the GOST standard, there are deviations of more than 3 degrees during the day and 5 at night, an act of measurements is drawn up. It will be the basis for the recalculation of utility bills
Measurements are not taken at the time	When the weather is clear and the temperature is above 5 degrees. This is due to the fact that the temperature in the room increases when heated. sunbeams. Therefore, you should call the master on a cold day

After the measurements are made, you can submit an application to the house management, after which a master will be sent with a high-precision measuring device.

The text of the application must contain the following items:

Name of the management company	And the name of the director of the organization
The word "Application" in capital letters	—
The following is a request	"Measure the air temperature in the living quarters of apartment No. ...". It is necessary to indicate the air temperature in the room, which is kept at the same level for about one to two weeks.
Below are the regulations governing the process of supplying heating to residential buildings	Rules for the provision of commercial services to apartment owners - Government Decree No. 354 and Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the living conditions of citizens in residential premises - Appendix 2
Describe the situation at the time of the call	“This morning (afternoon) the temperature in the room was 15 degrees with allowable readings of 18 C. Please take measurements in accordance with the requirements established by GOST in paragraph 4 - “Control Methods”. I would like to be present at the inspection of the apartment by the commission. I demand that an inspection report be drawn up in two copies, one of which will remain with me.
In the last line	Put the date and signature with decryption

The commission takes measurements of temperature, microclimate in the room, checks the heating system and draws up an appropriate act.

Then, depending on the detected problems, a decision is made on further actions.

If the house management did not agree with the applicant on the date of the master’s visit to the premises and did not send workers, then you should contact other, higher authorities.

Video: excess heat

Where to contact in case of deviations from the permissible level

If violations of the temperature regime in the room are detected, citizens should contact the following authorities:

House management - in the absence of a result, the application is transferred further.
City housing inspection.
City or village administration.

Appeal is carried out in order of priority. You need to submit documents to the organization at the place of residence, this will speed up the process.

The sequence of actions of the owner of the apartment in case of poor heating:

You should start the proceedings with your management company or housing office	To do this, you do not always need to stand in lines, a complaint can be filed through a hotline operating in the city, or through the official website. It is allowed to write an application in the complaint book. A personal visit will still speed up the process. Provided that the masters are free, they can be sent the same day to take measurements.
Complaint about poor heating	It is necessary to apply directly to the head of the organization - in the housing office, or any other company. The application is written in his name. If the application remains unanswered for several days - 30, then you can go further and draw up an application for Rospotrebnadzor
After verification has been carried out	And the fact of insufficient heat supply to the apartment was established, an application for recalculation is being drawn up

There is a unified system for Russia hotline, to which citizens from any city can complain about the lack of heating in the apartment - 8 - 800 - 700 - 88 - 00 or +7 - 800 - 700 - 88 - 00.

The operator will ask questions about the city of residence, home address and type of problem, whether self-measurements were made and what is the temperature in the room at the time of the call.

Factors affecting the indoor climate

The microclimate of the premises in a residential building is formed under the influence of several factors. Among them are the following:

Season. In winter, artificial heating is used - from pipes. In summer, the walls of houses warm up under the influence of sunlight.
Climatic conditions, which may differ depending on the region of residence of a citizen.
Technical characteristics and features of the house.
The number of people living in the apartment.

Each factor must be considered separately:

Seasons	With the alternation of seasons, the internal climate in apartments can vary significantly. In winter, temperatures invariably drop and various heat sources must be used. In summer, heating of the premises is not carried out. The heating season ends in spring, which immediately leads to temperature fluctuations in the room. In many countries, and in all cities of Russia, the most optimal temperature is 18 - 22 degrees during the heating season. If it is lower, you should file a complaint
Climatic conditions	Depending on the region of the country, residents may change preferences for the temperature regime. Of great importance is the level of humidity on the street, indicators of atmospheric pressure and the average amount of precipitation. The standards set by GOST are general, and the exact indicators are set individually for each locality
Technical features of the apartment	The temperature indicators in the room can be significantly affected by the dimensions - high ceilings, the presence of bulky furniture, insulation in the walls, and in particular - the type of location of the apartment - central or corner. Even the number of floors has some effect. All these parameters are taken into account by specialists during measurements.
The number of people living in the premises and other features	Women always need a higher temperature than men. Children are often prone to hypothermia and heating, because the heat exchange in their body is still poorly developed. GOST standards practically do not provide for the human factor, so it is important to choose the right rooms - do not put the child in the corner, where it is cooler than in other rooms

Before you call a specialist to take measurements and write a complaint to the regulatory authorities, you should independently assess the microclimate in the premises, taking into account all the above factors, since they can have a significant impact on the result.

From 01/01/2017, all employers and employees are required to comply with the new Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Physical Factors at Workplaces SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 (approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/21/2016 No. 81). They replaced SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03, SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.2490-09, Appendix 3 to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03. The updated sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (SanPiNakh) define the standards for the impact of such physical factors as:

microclimate;
vibration;
electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields;
workplace lighting, etc.

Standards are the maximum permissible levels of factors. Their impact within the established limits on an employee working 8 hours a day (no more than 40 hours a week) should not lead to diseases or deviations in his state of health (clause 1.4 of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16).

As indicated above, in connection with the introduction of new rules, some of the previously approved SanPiNs have ceased to be valid since 2017. For example, SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 "Electromagnetic fields in production conditions" (p. 2 of the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 06/21/2016 N 81). At the same time, for example, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 continues to operate in the part that does not contradict SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 (Letter of Rospotrebnadzor dated February 10, 2017 No. 09-2438-17-16). Most actual question for both employers and employees - what should be the temperature in the room (at the workplace) according to SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16.

Room temperature at the workplace: norms

SanPiN sets the optimal temperature values at the workplace among the indicators of the microclimate. These include (clause 2.2.1 SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16):

air temperature;
surface temperature;
relative humidity air;
air speed;
intensity of thermal radiation.

The standard values for these indicators are determined separately for the warm and cold seasons. Cold is the time when the average daily temperature of the outside air is +10 °C or lower. If the temperature outside is higher, then this is a warm season (clause 2.1.5 of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16). That is, the temperature regime at the workplace according to SanPiN in summer and winter may differ, but not much. Indeed, at any time of the year, a person needs a heat balance with the environment (clause 2.1.1 SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16).

What are the temperature standards for office space? Different temperature conditions are provided for workers employed in different types work - depending on the energy consumption of employees. So, for example, workers in the clothing industry, like most office workers, are among those who spend the least energy during the working day - up to 139 watts. They perform category Ia work (Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16). The following optimal indicators of the microclimate are established for them (clause 2.2.5 of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16):

Working hours in the heat according to the Labor Code

We indicated above what the temperature in the room is the norm. Is this the answer to the question at what temperature can you work indoors? Yes, but with certain reservations. Of course, the temperature for the working room in Labor Code not specified. However, it is noted that the employer is obliged to ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection (part 2 of article 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And the norms established by SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 are one of the mandatory rules.

for individual entrepreneurs in the amount of 2 to 5 thousand rubles;
for an organization - from 50 to 80 thousand rubles.

And violation of sanitary rules and hygiene standards entails a fine (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

for individual entrepreneurs in the amount of 500 to 1000 rubles;
for an organization - from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

Or suspension of activities of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity for up to 90 days.

The main criterion for a comfortable stay of a person in a residential area is the creation and maintenance of a favorable temperature regime at any time of the year.

And if in the summer period such a problem is solved quite simply - using modern devices air conditioning, then in winter the temperature regime in the apartment can be regulated by the owner of the housing during the arrangement autonomous system heating or district heating supplier.

The temperature in the apartment depends on many factors, among which are the following:

Climatic conditions of the region of residence.
Seasons.
Technical features of housing.
Number, age and subjective preferences of residents.

Climatic conditions

Comfortable temperature conditions in a dwelling can have different values depending on the region of residence. In addition, the level of humidity in the street, the amount of precipitation and atmospheric pressure have a great influence.

Seasons

With the alternation of seasons, the indoor climate in residential premises may differ. So, in winter, the temperature drops significantly, and in summer it rises.

In addition, the heating season ends in spring, which leads to a drop in the average daily indoor temperature.

For many countries, the optimal temperature level in an apartment in the winter months is from 18 to 22 degrees, and in summer it can reach 26 above 0. It seems that a difference of several degrees between the values \u200b\u200bis imperceptible, but in fact it can have a significant impact on the well-being of residents .

Technical features of housing

Comfort temperature is also affected technical features dwellings - the dimensions of the premises, the height of the ceilings, the insulation of surfaces, the presence of furniture, the location of the apartment (corner, central, number of storeys).

Human factor

For supporting comfortable temperature it is important to take into account the human factor. For each person, the concept of comfort is individual. Women prefer more high temperatures than men. Young children are not able to independently regulate the heat exchange of their own body, therefore they are often prone to overheating or cooling. They need optimal conditions stay in the premises. Elderly people are no less sensitive to temperature changes.

Norms of temperature regimes in various rooms

According to GOST and SNiP for apartment buildings The following temperature standards are established in residential and other premises:

A comfortable stay temperature is from 19 to 25 degrees.
In the cold period - from 19 to 22 degrees.
In the hot period - from 21 to 26 degrees.

The standard temperature in the apartment during the heating season is:

Living room (bedroom, living room) - from 16 to 18 degrees. For quick relaxation and proper rest of the body.
Children's room - from 22 to 24 degrees. Provides comfortable warmth necessary for proper regulation of heat transfer in children.
Kitchen - from 17 to 19 degrees. Enough heat produced by electrical appliances.
Bathroom and sanitary unit - from 23 to 25 degrees. To reduce high humidity and prevent dampness.
Other functional premises (corridor, pantry, hall) - from 17 to 22 degrees.

Important! According to SanPin, the minimum temperature difference between different rooms should not exceed 3 degrees.

For common premises, the following temperature norm is provided:

Entrances - up to 17 degrees.
Elevator cabins - up to 5 degrees.
Inter-apartment corridors - from 16 to 20 degrees.
Basements and attics - up to 4 degrees.
Vestibules, stairwells - from 13 to 18 degrees.

Correct room temperature measurements

In order to comply with the heating standard in a residential building, it is recommended to carry out mandatory temperature measurements. To obtain reliable results, the measurement is performed by a special device, taking into account the following technical requirements:

Readings are taken every hour for one calendar day.
The device must be located at certain points - 100 cm from the outer wall, 150 cm - from the floor surface.
The room in which measurements are taken should not have sources of heat loss - slots, open windows and doors.
Measurements are taken under neutral weather conditions.

If, as a result of self measurements a decrease in the norm of comfortable temperature in the apartment was established, this is reported to the emergency service. In this case, the duty officer sends a team to the tenant to draw up an official measurement report.

The act contains the following data:

The date the document was created.
Technical information of housing.
Checking composition.
Meter data.
temperature values.
Participants' signatures.

The document is drawn up in two copies: one - for the owner of the living space, the second - for employees of the public utility.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The heat carrier in the central heating and hot water supply system is water heated to a certain temperature.

To measure the temperature of water heating in the system, the following devices are used:

Medical thermometer.
Thermometer with infrared spectrum.
Alcohol thermometer.

Central heating

To determine what the temperature of the radiators in the apartment should be, it is necessary to take into account the standards established for the coolant.

They are determined taking into account climatic conditions and are relevant if the pipe has a lower central supply to the battery:

Temperature environment+ 6 degrees: at the entrance up to +55 degrees, at the return - up to +40 degrees.
The temperature outside the window is 0 degrees: at the entrance +66 degrees, at the return - up to +49 degrees.
The temperature outside the window is from -5 degrees: at the entrance + 77 degrees, at the return - up to +55 degrees.

If the allowable temperature threshold decreases - by 4 degrees in the daytime, by 5 degrees at night - the recalculation of the level of payment for central heating services is carried out without fail.

Important! Unlike a single-pipe, a two-pipe heating system can have a reduced rate of heating temperature of the coolant.

The parameters of the heat supply system are strictly regulated by the current legislation, according to which in apartment building the following temperature regimes of the coolant in the pipes are allowed:

At two-pipe system the coolant temperature is +96 degrees.
With a single-pipe system, the temperature is +116 degrees.
The average heating temperature of the batteries in the apartment is from +78 to 92 degrees.

Measurements of the coolant in the system can be performed in the following ways:

Install an alcohol thermometer on the heating radiator and wait a few minutes. Add one degree to the resulting value. Instead of a thermometer for alcohol, you can use a room infrared thermometer, which has a higher measurement accuracy.
Fix an electric temperature meter on the battery with a thermocouple wire, take readings.

Hot water supply

In the cold season, the main factor is the temperature of water heating, which should be from +64 to 76 degrees. If the water supply is carried out in violation of temperature standards, this is fraught with an increase in water consumption and the cost of paying utility bills.

To measure the temperature of hot water supply, a deep container is placed in the sink, washbasin or bathroom. An alcohol-based thermometer is placed in it and liquid is supplied from the tap.

The duration of the measurement is about 10 minutes. Possible deviation from the norm can be +/- 3 degrees.

Air exchange rate

An important parameter that determines a comfortable and safe stay in a home is air exchange - complete or partial replacement dirty air clean.

According to regulatory documents, the air exchange rate is:

in a living room up to 25 sq. m - 3 cu. m/hour per square meter area;
in the kitchen with gas stove- up to 9 cu. m/h, s electric stove- 6 cu. m/hour;
in other rooms up to 20 sq. m. - 1 cu. m/hour.

It is difficult to independently measure the air exchange rate, often laboratories and expert bureaus entrust such a function to themselves.

If you want to get reliable data on the frequency of air exchange, you can use several methods:

A device called an air door installed in a window or doorway. Under the influence of the fan, air is forced into the device, after which the multiplicity parameter is determined.
Thermal anemometer and balometer for measuring the speed and volume of air flow in the room.

The degree of responsibility of public utilities for violation of standards

The law states that owners and tenants of residential real estate can apply to utilities for recalculation of the tariff by 0.15% for every 60 minutes of non-compliance with the established temperature standards.

Tariff recalculation is possible in the following cases:

The temperature in residential premises during the daytime is less than 17 degrees, in corner room- below 21 degrees.
The duration of the heating shutdown in one calendar month was 24 hours.
One-time shutdowns of heating for 15 hours at an air temperature on the street up to 11 degrees.

If, with the onset of cold weather, the air in the apartment remains insufficiently warmed up, a person can file a formal complaint with the following authorities:

Prosecutor's office.
Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
Housing inspection.

To resolve the issue in court, you must submit the following documents:

Copies of certified statements.
Application to the emergency dispatch service.
Temperature check report.
Copies of documents of compliance of the device, which was tested.

According to the court decision, the manager undertakes to eliminate all shortcomings in the provision of low-quality services within the period established by law.

To maintain temperature conditions in apartments in accordance with current regulations, the public service or Management Company. Having information about what air temperature should be in the apartment when heating season, each owner will be able to control the quality of the services provided.

Everyone who lives in an apartment with stationary heating has come across cool radiators during the heating season. If it's cold outside, not enough hot batteries are not able to provide the house with heat. Questions naturally arise: are there any norms for heating an apartment, where are they recorded and what are they? Let's try to answer them.

Reasons for insufficient heating

The construction of heating plants and the connection of users to them took place starting from 1931. That is, more than 80 years ago, the first heating batteries were installed in the houses. And even if the radiators were installed in the 70-80s, 30-40 years have passed since then. This means that for many years the radiators have been “overgrown” with salts and other chemical elements that are carried through the system by heated water. From this, the thermal conductivity of the batteries decreases and ceases to comply with the calculated design standards.

In addition, times have changed. Under the Soviet regime, builders did not save on fuel, but they built houses from rather “cold” materials - brick and concrete, and did not use insulation. Today, thermal resources need to be saved, so the design norms for the thermal conductivity of building envelopes have been changed, but the old houses have remained the same. If in our time the coolant is supplied to the radiators, based on the heating of new, insulated buildings, then in the old ones, the room temperature is below normal.

Standard room temperatures

The norms for heating an apartment were approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 dated May 23, 2006 and are called "Rules for the provision utilities citizens." They report that the lower temperature limit for all rooms is +18 °C, except for corner rooms, in which the temperature minimum should be +20 °C. These temperatures may differ for different regions. For example, in the Nizhny Novgorod region they were changed to +20 and +22°С, respectively.

In "GOST R 52617-2000" it is stipulated that heat suppliers have the right to reduce the temperature of the coolant from 0 to 5 am, but not more than 3 ° C.

If we talk about a multi-storey building as a whole, then in the corner room the minimum temperature should not be lower than +20 ° C, in the living room +18, in the bathroom +25, but in the stairwell +16, in the elevator +10, in the basement and in the attic +4°С.

The beginning of the heating season should be set depending on the average daily temperature outside the window: +8°С for 5 consecutive days. On the sixth day, the organization should turn on the heating.

Methodological documents of housing and communal services (MDK 2-03.2003) stipulate that executive organizations are responsible for the proper operation of heating mains: ZhSK (housing and construction cooperatives), HOA (homeowners associations) and UK (management companies); they can also file complaints.

Resident Complaints and Solutions

No one wants to pay for poor quality services. On the other hand, you will not live in the cold, especially if the family has children or elderly relatives. Therefore, people get out of the situation of insufficient heating as best they can: install additional radiators (change them to new or more powerful ones). By the way, this is a violation, since the heat that your apartment will additionally receive will not be received by the neighbors connected behind it. If unauthorized interference with the heat supply system is detected, you may be fined and forced to dismantle the batteries.

Heat consumers who have to heat their homes themselves and overpay for electricity because of this, want to know how to prove the lack of heat in the house and demand a refund of the money spent from the money they have to pay for heating.

In order to settle relations with the organization providing heat and compensate for the money spent, the following should be done.

Organization of compensation for lost heat

The requirement for heat recalculation occurs in accordance with the "Procedure for the provision of services of inadequate quality or their non-provision". In accordance with the regulatory documents (the above "Rules: Section VIII" and "Appendix 1"), consumers have the right to demand that the heat in the house comply with the declared parameters. If they are not true, the user has the right to report unsatisfactory service to the emergency dispatch service of the executing organization. The application must be made in 2 copies, of which one should be left at the reception organization, having previously registered it and enlisting the name of the employee who accepted it, and registration number applications affixed to the copy.

In response, the organization must send its representatives so that they draw up an act of checking the temperature indicators in the premises of the house; the act must be signed by both parties. It is the basis for the recalculation of fees for services and the payment of penalties, if any were provided for in the contract concluded between the supplier and the consumer of the residential heating service. (If the inspector and the consumer do not come to a consensus, then the act can be signed by members of the housing inspectorate or members of the public). The recalculation is carried out until the provision of the service that meets the standards is resumed.

The room temperature is measured under the following conditions. The batteries must be open: they cannot be “dressed” in boxes with decorative grilles, because part of the heat will go into the material from which the box is made, even despite the laws of convection (air movement in the room). Also, they should not be cluttered with furniture. Neither a table, nor a sofa, nor, moreover, a closet should block the radiator. The thermometer is set a meter from outer wall at a height of 1.5 m from the floor.

Heatsink temperature control options

Each consumer would like to control the amount of heat that actually comes into his house. Is it possible? If yes, how?

The only way to control the heat coming into your home is to install heat meter- a device for determining the temperature and pressure in the line. However, due to the cost and industrial scale of the device, it makes sense to install it on the entire staircase or even the whole house. The calculation of heat will be based on the footage of the apartments and their location on the riser.

Although the rule specified in SNIP 41-01-2003 (clause 6.1.3) states that the installation of individual counters heat in each apartment, which will take into account the circulation and heat consumption in order to correlate with the amount of heat passing through the meter installed in the house.

There is also such a thing as an electronic evaporator, which shows the heating temperature of the batteries. But, firstly, they are not on free sale, and secondly, it cannot be the basis for recalculation. These devices are used in boiler rooms to control the temperature and regulate it.

Heating in an apartment is the work of either the relevant authorized organization, or the owner of the dwelling himself. In the second case, everything is clear: an individual heating system allows you to maintain any required temperature in each of the rooms. In the first variant, everything is not so simple.

Heating norms for residential and non-residential premises are developed on the basis of sanitary standards. The latter are based on rather complex calculations of the needs of an average body. These values are called optimal. They are of a legislative nature and are reflected in the requirements of SNiP.

Definition of the norm

A person maintains a thermal balance with the surrounding air. In the simplest approximation, this means that when the temperature rises, the human body also heats up. But when a certain critical value is reached, it cools, for example, with the help of sweating. When the air cools, a person first freezes, and then tries to warm up. Chilling when freezing is the result of muscle work that raises body temperature.

The norm is such a temperature range in which the compensatory mechanisms of cooling or warming are not activated. Several factors influence the definition of their boundaries:

The intensity of heat transfer depends on the type of activity. During hard physical work or sports, the human body generates much more heat than when walking slowly or playing chess. Accordingly, in the first case, a person will not freeze even at a low temperature in the room, but in the second case, he will freeze at the slightest decrease in it.
Another factor is the time of year and climatic features. The human body adapts to the alternation of heat and cold. As a result, air temperatures of 19–22°С are considered comfortable in winter, and 22–25°С in summer.
Another feature is the diurnal fluctuations in temperature. In a dream, the vital processes slow down somewhat, and the body temperature drops accordingly. But, since a person does not move, that is, heat exchange with air is minimized, then there is no need to maintain an optimal atmosphere for wakefulness. Most heating companies reduce their heating intensity at night.

The minimum possible temperature for living quarters is +18°С. With this value, the average person can long time do without outerwear without damage to health.

Standard Requirements

The heating standards for an apartment, first of all, set the value optimal indicator for residential and non-residential premises and possible deviations from them. Their development is easier than for workers' premises, since the activity of the inhabitants in dwellings is low and stable.

For residential premises, the norm is an air temperature of 20–22 ° С, the permissible one is 18–24 ° С. At the same time, in a corner room, it should not fall below 20 ° C: such rooms are exposed to a strong effect of frost and wind.

Kitchen - working room, where its own "source" of heat often operates - gas stove. The temperature here is 19–21°C, and it is allowed from 18 to 26°C.
Toilet - the optimal range is 19–21 ° C, 18–26 ° C is allowed. In any case, the bathroom cannot be the most cold room in the apartment, heating it is required.
The bathroom is the hottest room, as it is characterized by high humidity. The minimum in the bathroom is 18–24, the maximum is 26 ° C. However, already at 20 ° C, it is uncomfortable to use the bath.
Non-residential premises - the temperature is calculated from the frequency of use. For the corridor it is 18–20 ° С, but 16 degrees are also allowed. For the pantry - 16–18, but from 12 ° С to 22 ° С is allowed.

Since the need for heat during sleep decreases, GOST allows lowering the temperature of residential premises by 3 degrees in the period from 0 to 5 in the morning. Such a decrease is not a violation of the temperature norm for heating an apartment.

Requirements for heating systems

Heating high-rise building- the result of complex engineering calculations, sometimes not very successful. The difficulty is not how to bring heated water to the object, that is, the building, but how to distribute it among the apartments in such a way that the necessary temperature and humidity are observed for the living quarters.

The effectiveness of such a system depends on the coordinated action of all components, including pipes and batteries in each apartment. Therefore, the replacement of radiators without taking into account the peculiarities of heating leads to negative consequences: in one apartment they do not receive heat, and the other overheats.

The norms of heating temperatures in a city apartment help to create efficient heating.

According to safety requirements, the temperature of the coolant in the batteries of the heating system must be 20 degrees lower than the self-ignition temperature of materials. For residential multi-apartment buildings, the temperature in the heating main is from 65 to 115 ° C, depending on the season, is considered the norm.
If the water is overheated to 105 ° C, measures are taken to prevent it from boiling.
The normal limit for the temperature of the radiator leaves 75 ° C, if it is higher, then the radiator is fenced.
In mid-latitudes, the residential heating season lasts from mid-October to mid-April. In fact, heat suppliers are required to start heating after registering an average daily temperature of +8°С outside for five consecutive days.

Temperature violations

Non-compliance with the above norms for heating is considered as the basis for recalculation of payment for the supply of heat. The situation when the inhabitants of apartments of the same area, but in different houses, pay an excellent amount, is not considered a reason, since a variety of factors can be the reason here. For example, different degrees of thermal insulation of buildings.

According to the Rules for the Provision of Public Services, a decrease in temperature compared to that indicated in the norms for each hour reduces the payment by 0.15%. Since the "cooling" as a result of poor heat supply takes not hours, but days, then in the end the amount decreases by a fair amount.

The calculation can be done independently. It should be noted that at night - from 0 to 5, the time indicator can be reduced to 3 degrees.

The difference between the actual daytime temperature of the premises and the normal one is calculated, for example, 16 ° C at a standard 18 ° C, that is, the difference is 2 degrees.
The number of hours per month when a low temperature was observed is fixed, for example: 19*20=380 hours.
Suppose you need to pay 1500 rubles per month. Using a conversion factor equal to 0.0015, an adjustment amount is obtained. In our example, this is 380*2*0.0015*1500=1710 rubles. It is this amount that should be subtracted from the amount of payment.

According to the mentioned document, if there is a difference between the actual and standard temperature of 1-2 degrees in the living room, the owner of the apartment has the right to refuse to pay for heating.
However, it is absolutely necessary to document the violation in the temperature regime. For this, representatives of a special service are invited - the housing commission, for example. If the latter refuse to check, the tenant may form an independent commission from the inhabitants of the same building.

It is rather difficult to noticeably affect the operation of heat supply, especially to directly control the operation of the system. However, registering violations in the operation of heating systems and insisting that utilities fulfill their duties is both a right and a duty of residents. Especially when among the inhabitants of the apartment there are elderly people and small children who need a stable sufficient temperature.

However, it should be remembered that violations of the norms when heating an apartment are not grounds for independently altering the heating system and installing large radiators. This is fraught with an imbalance in the heat supply of the entire house and is punishable by a large fine.