How to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands. How to build a greenhouse with your own hands How to make a greenhouse with your own hands

Every gardener is attracted by beds with vegetables and other types of plants. And, probably, each of them dreams of greenhouses. In this article we will look at various options greenhouses, we will study the materials from which the greenhouse is made. Let’s raise the question of whether it’s better to build it yourself or buy a ready-made kit. So, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands? Let's get started.

Materials such as polycarbonate, glass, and polyethylene film are used to cover structures for growing plants.

The frame of the greenhouse is mainly made of metal profiles or wood, and polymer pipes can also be used.

Depending on the type of construction, greenhouse structures are of the following types: arched, gable and single-pitch. A greenhouse is most often installed as a free-standing structure, but an extension to an adjacent building can be made.
Greenhouses are divided into winter and summer. In most cases, a winter greenhouse is a greenhouse.

In order to grow seedlings for flowers or early vegetables, summer residents use a frame made of metal profiles, wood or metal-plastic pipes. And depending on thickness preferences, cover with plastic film. To preserve the film for more than one season, it is recommended to remove it in the summer. The film does not need to be removed if it is made of reinforced film.

If an all-season greenhouse is installed at the dacha, then it must also be additionally equipped with systems such as microclimate control sensors, a heating system, irrigation, and ventilation must also be installed.

DIY arched summer greenhouse

Let's look at how this type of greenhouse is built. In order for this structure to be manufactured quickly and efficiently, it is necessary to prepare the material for it in advance. It is recommended to use a U-shaped metal profile. To do this, you first mark the shelves on the frame, and then bend them at your discretion. After that, you will need cling film, leftover corners, thick reinforcement, edged board.

To build a support for fastening a greenhouse or greenhouse, trimmings from metal pipes. To do this, first mark the place where the building will be installed. After this, the pipe sections are driven into the ground, with a margin of approximately 30 cm above the ground.

There is no big difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse. They differ from each other only in size. Greenhouses in height are a maximum of one meter. Greenhouses can be of different sizes, depending on how and for what it will be used.

After the supports are installed, pre-bent metal elements are attached. To make the frame more durable, the arcs are fixed with a longitudinal rigid material. A metal profile or reinforcing rod is usually used as such material. It is attached to each arch. Boards are laid along the entire greenhouse, they will be the boundary between the beds. Then the film is stretched over the already finished frame. It is recommended to additionally secure it with something heavy so that in a strong wind it will not be torn off the greenhouse.

Attached greenhouse and thermos greenhouse

If you have a limited amount of space in your dacha, it is logical to use an attached greenhouse. Since one side will be the side of the house, the temperature in the greenhouse will be much higher, and accordingly the plants will grow faster.

These types of greenhouses can also be used as a greenhouse. To do this, it is recommended to install it on the southwestern or southern wall of the house. Thanks to this, a lot of daytime sunlight will enter the greenhouse and with it warmth.

Another advantage of an attached greenhouse is the ease of installing heating and electricity. The rest of the structure can be made of materials such as glass, polycarbonate or special film.

Distinctive feature Greenhouses - a thermos is that it is installed almost completely in the ground. First, a pit is dug about two meters deep. Then the foundation is made. After this, the walls are built. You can also choose the wall material. It is better to use wood, brick or foam blocks. As a result, it will turn out that only a small part will protrude on top of the ground. most of roofs. The roof can be made of the same materials as conventional above-ground greenhouses: polycarbonate, film or glass. To prevent snow from settling on the roof, it must be made gable.

In winter, the ground at such a depth does not freeze, so you don’t need to install additional equipment in the thermos greenhouse to keep the temperature at a constant level. If you cover your roof with a special reflective film, this will give you the opportunity to collect and transform solar heat.

Many summer residents believe that an arched greenhouse is unstable. And then some of them decide to build a frame made of wood. In order to build a wooden greenhouse, a number of conditions must be met. The durability of such a greenhouse will be ensured if it is made for it good foundation. To prevent rotting of the wooden frame, it must be treated with an antiseptic.

A wooden greenhouse is also chosen for the reason that almost anyone can build it without special skills. Woodworking is much easier than, for example, metalworking. When using metal as a frame, basic knowledge of metalworking and welding is required. To protect the greenhouse from freezing, it is recommended to use. This will be more reliable and additionally protected.

Making the foundation

The first step in building a greenhouse is making the foundation. To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the greenhouse. The depth is about 20 cm and the width is about 30 cm. Pegs are installed along the entire length of the trench, to which formwork boards are nailed. After this, a frame of reinforcement with a diameter of about 10 mm is installed in the formwork. It is believed that this particular diameter is well suited for making a frame. The frame parts are fastened with wire and then welded. When the frame is made, concrete is poured into the formwork along the entire perimeter of the trench.

To fill the entire void with concrete, you need to use a vibrator; if you don’t have one, you can make punctures in a spiral from the edges to the center to release air bubbles from the solution. Concrete mix becomes strong after 3 weeks. However, if the outside temperature is high, it is recommended to place a film on top of the solution.

How to make a wood frame

If you lay roofing felt on top of the foundation, the wooden frame will last much longer. Next, the tree is tied. To make it you will need a beam of 10 by 20 cm section. Its lower part is attached with self-tapping screws to the foundation. Then all this is united by metal plates.

Then vertical racks are installed to bottom trim along the entire perimeter at a distance of 75 cm from each other. The upper part of the vertical structure is fastened with wooden strapping. For reliability, it is recommended to install spacers and struts.

A wooden greenhouse, like a thermos greenhouse, is covered with a gable roof. IN winter time snow will not accumulate and the roof will not sag under its weight. A gable roof is easier to install. To attach the material (glass, polycarbonate or film), you will need rafters. They are quite easy to make yourself from wood. You will need a beam with a section of 10 by 4 or the same board. The structure is assembled on the ground, and then installed on top of the greenhouse.

First, a structure like the letter “A” is made from two beams. And only then identical circuits are gradually attached to it. Then they are all connected together with ridge boards. These boards are attached to both sides of the roof. The rafters are sheathed with sheathing onto which the roofing material is attached.

roofing material

Why do many people make greenhouses themselves? Most will answer that it is much cheaper. And this is how it really is. The advantage of making your own is that you are your own designer. Choose your own size, shape, material, type of greenhouse. You also do the internal filling of the greenhouse yourself, as you prefer. And if you use ingenuity and engineering skills, you can make automatic watering and ventilation.

At self-construction you choose the material for making the greenhouse. Depending on the purposes for which the greenhouse is installed, the material is selected accordingly. In order to grow vegetables and seedlings, you can use film. Polycarbonate or glass is needed if you want a smart greenhouse. And in this case, vegetables and flowers will always be on your table.

Everyone knows that the harvest of vegetables and fruits is many times greater than the yield simply in the ground. But not everyone has the opportunity to purchase. Therefore, making a greenhouse yourself from film and wood is a very cost-effective step.

Film is used as a material, since it does not require an additional foundation. The advantage of film is that it is transparent.

Let's look at each material in more detail.

List of tools: axe, hammer, level, welding, knife, screws, nails, cord. This is a basic list of tools, but others may be needed depending on the type of structure.

Greenhouse with a wooden frame, covered with film

First, we take the bars, pre-soaked with an antiseptic and dried. Section approximately 50 mm. The concrete base is made first. First, a trench is dug, sand is placed at the bottom and filled with water. After some time, the trench is filled with cement mortar. It is better to observe the following proportions by analogy: 10 buckets of crushed stone, 6 buckets of sand and 2 buckets of cement mortar.

Next, the racks are made. They need to make 6 pieces. 4 pieces for the side parts, about 2 m high, and 2 for the doors. To make the bars correctly, they are placed on flat surface, take the necessary measurements, and only then attach them to the base with screws or corners with nails. Using a plumb line we measure the level.

Ridge beams are used at the top of the greenhouse. Fastened with nails. Then everything is covered with polyethylene. Cover with film with a small margin so that you can correct it later. Then the lath is fastened with nails to the beam.

DIY greenhouse with a metal frame

Metal arches with an approximate diameter of 30 mm are used as the base for such greenhouses. You can also take tarred timber, a metal corner or a sleeper, for example. Holes are drilled in the tree, 10 cm deep every 150 cm for arches.

The slats - purlins - are attached to the side. They are connected at the top by a ridge strip. The brackets are welded from the inside, slats are inserted into them and tightened with bolts.

Greenhouse with two frames

In such a greenhouse, the sides are wooden frames. For their manufacture, a 3 by 4 rail is used. The height is usually from two meters. Width about one and a half. The film is stretched over the frames in 2 layers and only then the frames are installed in a finished wooden frame, selected to the size of the frame.

Scheme of a gable greenhouse made of frames

The scheme is the same as for a conventional greenhouse with two frames. The only difference is that the rafters are attached to the top.

To do this, we take slats, one side is the ridge, the other is the top of the structure. After fastening, the excess slats are sawed off.

Holes are made in the wooden beam for fastening the frame with nails. Part of the frame will be the side walls of the greenhouse, and the rest will be installed on hinges, like doors.

The greenhouses that we have now considered are summer ones. Various vegetables, fruits, and flowers are grown in them during the warm months to provide solar warmth and light. There are also winter greenhouses, they have more complex structure, but they also have more functions.

Gable winter greenhouse with greenhouse frames

In this design of a gable winter greenhouse, polyethylene or glass is used as side walls.

At approximately a height of 40 cm, a foundation is installed in a 40 by 40 section. Next comes the brickwork. Beams are placed on the brick, in which holes for the frames have already been made. The beams are pre-treated with resin.

Beams with a diameter of 10 cm will serve as rafters. They connect the ridge beam and the wall beam.

Then you can start decorating the interior of the greenhouse. For example, you can install shelving. To ensure air circulates well, leave a small hole between the rack and the wall. The areas between the frames are sheathed with slatted boards.

Single-pitched winter greenhouse made of greenhouse frames

In order for the corridor inside the greenhouse to be about 80 cm, you need to make a pit according to the following dimensions:

• depth 85 centimeters;
• length 11 meters;
• width 3.5 meters.

If the frame is wooden, then the lower part of the beam must be treated with an antiseptic. The installation of such a greenhouse is no different from a gable one. To stove chimney used as efficiently as possible, install 10 frames.

• The greenhouse must have ventilation.
• The entrance should be on the east or west side.
• Roofing felt and boards are used as materials for the ceiling.
• The entrance to the greenhouse must be additionally fenced.
• Upon completion of construction, metal materials must be coated with paint.

Those new to greenhouse construction may want to try making a lean-to greenhouse or greenhouse first. The main difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse is that the ventilation of plants occurs due to the opening of part of the greenhouse. The greenhouse is easier to use; it can be disassembled and moved to another place at any time. You just need to keep in mind that short plants can be planted in a greenhouse. Most gardeners use a greenhouse to grow seedlings. Simply put, a greenhouse is a miniature greenhouse.

Single-pitched pit greenhouse made of film

Let's start with the size of the pit. The width is about one and a half meters, the depth is up to half a meter, the bottom is about half a meter. The logs are laid along the northern and southern walls. To prevent the frames from slipping, a groove is made on the south side or additional beams are nailed. Along the width of the greenhouse, frames with film with an area of ​​1 m by 1.5 m are placed. And depending on how many frames there are, this will be the length of the greenhouse. Welding can be used to connect frames.

Gable film greenhouse

First, the box is made. Dimensions:

• Height – 20 cm.
• Width – 1.6 meters.

Rafters are nailed to the sides every 3-5 cm. On top everything is connected by a beam, which also forms the ridge. The height will be about 75 cm. Every gardener can make such a miniature greenhouse. It is very fast and does not require large investments.

Rules for placing greenhouses and greenhouses

The location for installing a greenhouse or hotbed must be chosen correctly. There should be plenty of sunlight and no wind from the north. The best option there will be a small area on the southern part of your site.

You need to pay attention to the condition of your soil. If the soil contains a lot of clay or a lot of moisture in it, then such land cannot be used for a greenhouse or greenhouse. The best option would be soils that have been treated in advance against pests and diseases.

Let's look at how to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands? Almost every site has a greenhouse or greenhouse. These designs can be purchased ready-made. In our article we will look at how you can make a greenhouse yourself, what materials you may need and, in general, types of structures.

Types of greenhouses

One of the main advantages of homemade greenhouses is that you are your own designer and can think through and choose the design you need.

But before you start building, you need to carefully consider a number of details.

1. Select material.
2. Consider the irrigation system.
3. Do you need a foundation?
4. Ventilation system.
5. Dimensions.
6. Heating system.
7. Frame type.
8. Interior decoration.
9. Working space.

Addition. Structures, depending on their features, can be wall-mounted or stationary.

Characteristics of different types of structures

Before building a greenhouse with your own hands, a mandatory step is choosing a construction model. If the greenhouse or hotbed is adjacent to the house, then it will be economical in space and heating costs.

Most use solar heat for heating.

There are polygon greenhouses. They are distinguished by their uniqueness and complexity in manufacturing. Accordingly, prices for such structures are higher. But you will have a beautifully decorated garden plot.

Sizes of structures

Before you start building a greenhouse, you need to understand what size it will be. In this case, you will need to take into account the area of ​​the site and the size of the proposed space for the greenhouse.

Let's look at what you need to consider when choosing a size:

• If you plan to grow only seedlings, then you can use the smallest size.
• If the plant will be grown entirely in a greenhouse, then a more voluminous structure is needed.
• When choosing a size, you need to take into account that the larger the area, the higher the cost of heating.
• The height of the structure directly depends on the height of the owner of this greenhouse and on interior decoration(shelves).

Building a winter greenhouse: foundation

If the greenhouse or greenhouse is small in size, then a foundation is not necessary. However, many professionals in this field recommend using it during construction. Since the foundation protects the greenhouse from groundwater and dampness.

Types of supporting base for greenhouse structures:

• Wooden beams.
• Foam blocks.
• Brick.
• Concrete.

In most cases, homemade greenhouses are made from a wooden frame.

Greenhouse materials

An important quality of wood is its environmental friendliness and thermal insulation, which is very important for seedlings. A negative feature of using wood is its tendency to rot. Therefore, now they prefer to use galvanized steel as a frame.

Any beginner in this business will be able to independently assemble a metal frame. You just need to take into account that the thermal insulation may be deteriorated.

Building a winter greenhouse: materials for construction

Before you start building a greenhouse, you need to select a material. When choosing it, you need to focus on such qualities as strength, light transmission, and good thermal insulation.

Materials such as wood, glass, polycarbonate, metal arcs, polyethylene pipes have all the above properties.

Consider the quality of materials:

Glass is environmentally friendly and transparent. Cons - it breaks easily and weighs a lot. And also in terms of price - this is not the most economical option. Glazing will require a lot of time.

Polycarbonate, like glass, is environmentally friendly. Retains heat well and is resistant to mechanical damage. This is a very important characteristic, since the structure will not collapse under the influence of hail and stones. Its strength compared to glass exceeds 100 times. It comes in two types: honeycombs and sheets. They differ from each other in structure and manufacturing process.

Cellular polycarbonate has greater light transmission, since its material and structure scatter light across the glass.

The sheet is similar in structure and characteristics to glass.

Winter structures are more complex in themselves, since during their construction it is necessary to think through heating and heat distribution systems. Many experienced gardeners recommend, or rather, believe that a biofuel-powered polycarbonate greenhouse is the most optimal for winter. When building a wall-mounted greenhouse, you can consider the option of connecting it to the heating system of the whole house. It will also be beneficial from an economic point of view.

What is biofuel?

• Household garbage.
• Compost.
• You can use manure.
• Horse manure is the most valuable fuel.

Advice. Horse manure is mixed with household waste - garbage and evenly distributed over the peat litter.

The main feature of this greenhouse is the huge savings on maintaining the temperature - utilities. Plants can be grown all year round, even in the most severe and frosty winter. Excellent level of light penetration, which is not always the case in conventional greenhouses.

Main features of this greenhouse:

The main advantage is that starting from a depth of 2 meters, the soil maintains the same temperature constantly: in winter, in summer, in frosts, and in rains.

Note. There are slight changes depending on the groundwater level; the closer they are to the surface, the more noticeable the temperature fluctuations.

A good example is a well. In the well, both in summer and winter, the temperature is constant, above zero.

At a depth of approximately 1 meter, temperature changes are noticeable: in winter +5, and in summer up to +10.

The base of the greenhouse can be heated to such temperatures using a heated floor. And to maintain air and soil humidity it is necessary to use drip irrigation.

Note. A thermos greenhouse can be built in just one season, without using any special equipment and without high costs.

Digging a pit. Land work for a greenhouse

Since the greenhouse goes into the ground, the main part of it, you need to dig a hole of at least two meters. Only then will the soil not freeze, but give off its heat.

The underground part can be as long as you like, but the width is limited - only 5 meters.

Note. You can make the width larger, but then the natural heating and reflective properties will be worse.

The shape can be any, the main thing is to orient it to the west-east side. One side will be thoroughly insulated with foam plastic or glass wool, and the second should be well lit by the sun.

The foundation will be poured along the edge or concrete blocks will be laid, so the edge must be well leveled.

Construction of the wall

When the foundation is completed, you can begin to lay out the walls. On the concrete base there will be a metal frame on which the thermal blocks will be attached.

• Best material for the roof it is polycarbonate.
• Installation takes place on a metal structure with lathing.
• It is necessary to thoroughly strengthen the attachment points.

How best to make thermal insulation and heating:

A special film is attached to the inside of the wall; it retains heat perfectly.

Advice. In regions with very cold climates, a foil-coated film and a double base layer can be used to retain heat; in relatively warm regions.

The main function of reflective insulation is to maintain positive temperatures and, as a consequence, humidity and carbon dioxide levels. That is, everything that is important for the normal growth of any plant.

Even inside the greenhouse, it is necessary to provide “heat accumulators”.
Note. “Heat accumulator” - this can be any container with water, for example, bottles; they heat up well and quickly and gradually cool down over time, maintaining the temperature.

The base will be heated using underfloor heating. When using it, it is very important to protect the wires from damage by garden tools and moisture. To protect against both aspects, you can lay it in concrete; an easier way is to cover it with a mesh - but this is only from garden tools.

Heating of the floor in a greenhouse is often done under tiles, and plants are planted in pots, tubs, and lawns.

Note. For plants, the main thing is compliance optimal temperature 25-35 degrees Celsius and humidity levels.

How to build a roof in a greenhouse with your own hands

When the walls are completely ready, you need to prepare the roof for the greenhouse. The best option for a 12-meter structure is polycarbonate.

It is necessary to provide when constructing a roof:

• Heat retention inside the greenhouse is achieved through the use of double polycarbonate (cellular) coating.
• To connect 2 polycarbonate sheets, each 4 mm thick, take a profile pipe gasket.
• The snow itself will not melt on such a double coating, so you need to use a thermal circuit; it will turn on and off using a timer.
• The use of double coating reduces heat loss during heating, but light transmittance is reduced by approximately 10%.
• We prepare the rafters in advance - we impregnate them with protective agents.
• The connection occurs in 1/2 of the tree, and the jumper is attached so that the length at the lowest point is up to 5 cm.
• The rafters prepared in advance will serve as a support, the lintels are removed, and a ridge beam is placed under them.
• The outer rafters are nailed to the ridge beam using ordinary 20 cm nails.

Once the roof is assembled, it can be painted; after the paint has completely dried, the polycarbonate is attached. For fastening you need to take wood screws. Therefore, an iron corner for the roof is attached along the beam, and a special gasket made of heat-insulating material is also used.

The junctions between the polycarbonate and the roof parts must be well taped with adhesive tape. After all preparatory work you can mount the polycarbonate roof in place and fix it to the walls. Then you can move on to arranging the interior space.

Our main goal is to build a greenhouse for the winter period and provide heating in it with little money and labor costs. In this article, we will consider the most economical ways maintaining heat and heating, and selecting materials that best minimize losses.

The design must be solid, designed for long-term use, as inexpensive as possible, economical in terms of heating.

How can you achieve savings?

Let's divide the question into two parts. We have to:

• Build a structure that will absorb maximum heat on sunny days and release minimum heat due to radiation and concept.
• Choose the most inexpensive method of heating in winter (and not only) - taking into account how it will be done and how much operation will cost.

Construction

First, we sweep away greenhouses using film or made from wooden frames, with glasses, in one or two layers. Why?

In the first option, you can forget about heat conservation in principle. Losses due to convection are very large; and this material is also too easy to accidentally damage. In winter, all these facts will definitely lead to the destruction of the crop. Such a greenhouse is inexpensive in terms of financial costs. But its thermal insulation properties are practically zero.

In the second option, there will also be a practically unsolvable issue - heat leakage through the holes between the glass and the frame. Wood can dry out or change shape when humidity changes. Also, due to the effects of snow and rain, the frames must be coated with protective compounds, for example, painted, every year.

What remains?

Can choose

• Metal-plastic greenhouses, with several layers of glazing.
• Greenhouses on metal structures with polycarbonate.
• Metal-plastic.

In this case, there are many ready-made structures and all we have to do is choose it and pay for the material and installation.

Basic principles to consider when designing

If we consider the amount of solar energy that can be obtained, then the best option would be pitched roof, directed to the south. In this case, the sun will almost constantly shine on it at almost a right angle.

The northern wall is being built opaque. It also needs to be insulated from the inside with foil insulation - foil inside. With such a construction, heat and light entering the greenhouse will be reflected from the foil and hit the beds at right angles. Since from the physics course we know that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Attention: you cannot make a roof with a slope of less than thirty degrees. In winter, snow can accumulate, which is undesirable for obvious reasons.

What do we get? The advantages of this solution are durability, wear resistance and good thermal insulation. The main disadvantage is the amount that will have to be spent on purchasing such a greenhouse. The price of 1 square meter starts from 2,500 rubles; if you plan a large area, you will end up with a substantial amount.

Polycarbonate

Cellular polycarbonate gained popularity very quickly after its appearance due to the combination of its beneficial properties. Even when used in one layer, good thermal insulation is provided due to the cavities inside. Air is one of the best heat insulators.

Polycarbonate is almost 15 times lighter than glass, which practically eliminates the question of structural strength.

This material is easy to bend and give the desired shape. Polycarbonate can be used together with an arch-shaped frame without any difficulties or problems. By the way, this design eliminates the problem of snow; the arch does not trap snow and it does not accumulate. Simple fastening, self-tapping to metal structure, and ease of processing.

The simplest recommendations are possible due to the characteristics of polycarbonate and the type of metal structure. The strongest frames are made from profile pipes. The arch is formed using a pipe bender, and the structure is assembled by welding. The cross-section of the pipe for the arch is 20*40 mm, the corner posts are made of pipes with a diameter of at least 40*40 mm.

Ventilation windows are a must; they will help plants survive sunny days. Greenhouse using prof. pipes, with a pitched roof - simply assembled with bolts. Slopes at the corner posts are needed only during the assembly of the structure; in the future, polycarbonate will provide rigidity.

Even cheaper and easier to manufacture is a galvanized profile, which is used when working with drywall, but it is not so resistant to lateral loads (in the wind). When using it, you need to make the roof slope 45 degrees; even minimal accumulations of snow are undesirable.

At the end, polycarbonate sheets with open honeycombs must be sealed using special strips or sealant. Thus, we will reduce heat loss due to convective flows inside the cells.

Heating

How to start heating inside the greenhouse yourself? Let's consider the most available options solutions for small greenhouses. We will consider only air heating, because the use of radiators, their installation, pipe routing, all this will not be cheap. And there is a high probability of freezing this system in winter.

Gas

Heating using a main gas pipeline, how to do it correctly? A simple solution is a convector; how many of them are needed will depend on the area of ​​the greenhouse. Thermostats that are used in the design of this device, allow you to get results without having to worry about adjusting burners and other issues.

The combustion products will go out into the open air through the pipe, and air will flow through it to maintain combustion.

If the size of the greenhouse is large, you can install a gas boiler. The heat exchanger can be blown with a fan; if necessary, warm air is distributed using aluminum hoses. Thermal insulation, as when using a boiler to heat a house, is not needed, we have one room.

With the onset of cold weather, work in the garden and vegetable garden comes to an end. And summer residents have to leave their plots with regret. Despite the fact that growing fruits and vegetables only becomes interesting towards the end of the season. But if on your own summer cottage build a greenhouse with heating, you can grow anything you want even in severe frosts in winter.

Construction type

First you need to choose the type of greenhouse, and only then begin calculations and construction. The choice options depend on the purpose of the site and its features, on the location. Avid gardeners recommend designs using polycarbonate as a material. This is the easiest and most popular option. Another good option- greenhouse thermos. It is erected in late spring or summer, because it is necessary to have time to prepare the soil for planting. Polycarbonate structures can be made at any time of the year. This material is very popular because it has a number of useful qualities from the point of view of greenhouses.

With a small thickness, polycarbonate creates necessary thermal insulation. It has a honeycomb structure, and the honeycombs are filled with air, which has better thermal insulation properties.

The weight of polycarbonate is 15 times less than glass, so a reinforced frame is not needed. It is very easy to make an arched structure from this material; it bends easily.

Paperwork

If you have a greenhouse for the winter period on your own site and you do not want to create a large-scale production, and accordingly use the labor of hired workers and sell the products of a legal entity. persons do not need to prepare documents. To sell on the market, you only need a certificate stating that you grow them on your own plot.

The owner of a large greenhouse farm using hired labor, the harvest of which is sold through shops and in cafes and restaurants, needs to register a legal entity. You can also register as an individual entrepreneur or private agricultural enterprise. This will allow you to achieve tax benefits, although all this is difficult.

Where should we build?

The greenhouse must be placed so that most of the sun's rays reach it. It is necessary to ensure that shadows from houses, buildings and trees do not fall on it. The sides of the greenhouse should be oriented north and south. Also keep in mind that wind significantly increases the heat loss of the structure.

By placing the greenhouse in the wrong place, you will get the exact opposite effect from what you expected - in the form of high heating bills and poor growth of the vegetables and fruits you grow in it. When building a winter greenhouse with your own hands: covering materials, types of heating, location on the site and type of structure, you need to choose based on what plant crop you will grow. An important fact is financial capabilities that need to be taken into account.

Features of construction

Many amateur gardeners, when faced with this question for the first time, wonder what the differences are between a regular greenhouse and a winter greenhouse. But the differences between them are significant.

Before you start building a winter greenhouse, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with all the important points and its features. Temporary structures are assembled from separate frames. Since the weight of this structure is small, it does not need a foundation. Greenhouses using polycarbonate as a coating can be mounted on ordinary brick posts.

The winter greenhouse is a solid construction. It has electricity and heating. Rigid and heavy frame allows you not to worry about the loads arising from wind and snow. But for it it is necessary to make a solid foundation.

An ordinary greenhouse can be small in size. It all depends on how many and what crops you will grow in it. Growing vegetables in winter, in most cases, occurs for further sale, therefore, the requirements for the area of ​​​​the greenhouse are completely different, they start from tens of square meters.

The material for covering this structure can be absolutely anything. But the best, most affordable and reliable is polycarbonate.

Before proceeding with the construction of a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to provide options for severe frosts and, as a result, the need for additional thermal insulation.

The location of the greenhouse must be chosen very carefully, because this is a capital building for more than one year. It’s good if it’s a flat area, well lit and without buildings nearby. You also need to take into account the humidity of the land on which the building will be, it should be within the normal range.

The foundation for the greenhouse can be made using a shallowly recessed reinforced concrete tape. Since the foundation must be solid, not for one year, when pouring it, everything must be done in accordance with the requirements.

When the base is ready, you can assemble the structure frame onto it. Factory-made structures are usually supplied with drawings and photographs that will greatly help during installation. Polycarbonate sheets are attached to the frame with rubber washers. To ensure a tight seal, their edges can be sealed with tape. To ensure the flow of fresh air into the greenhouses, several windows are made. If you have a desire to grow vegetables, but you do not know how to build a winter greenhouse on your own, you need to contact specialists or buy a factory-made structure.

Heating type

The type of heating used must be selected based on the useful area of ​​​​the greenhouse. Small spaces can be provided with heat using a stove. If the areas are large, then you need to choose from:

• Water heating.
• Electric heating.
• Biofuels.

To use water heating, you will need pipes, a tank and, most importantly, a boiler. The pipes can be buried in the ground or placed directly under the racks.

Electric heating can be air or underfloor heating. Infrared heating is also very often used. The “warm floor” system is similar in design to a water system. A system consisting of heating cables is mounted in a small recess. And then it is covered with layers of sand and fertilized soil. Air heating can be organized using fan heaters. Infrared heating is provided by IR heaters located on the ceiling.

Biofuel is the most inexpensive heating method.

Biofuels can be: any cattle or horse manure, warming wood and bark, hay or straw.

Biofuel is located under a layer of fertile soil. To properly warm up this type of heating, you need to have constant influx air and maintained the required level of moisture in the air.

Only you decide which type of heating to use in your greenhouse. Each option needs to be considered from a financial point of view. You now know how to build a winter greenhouse for growing plants. You need to figure out how to properly place everything in it - the layout of the internal space.

How to arrange the beds?

If you will grow plants of the same species in the greenhouse, then you can arrange the beds in parallel. Keep in mind that different cultures may not get along next to each other. To breed them together, you need to use division into separate zones. For example, growing tomatoes and cucumbers next to each other will not work, because they need different watering methods - tomatoes need to be watered right under the root, and a drip irrigation system is suitable for cucumbers.

Finance, profit, payback period

Correctly calculating the income from a winter greenhouse is very difficult, and sometimes impossible. The calculated profit and profitability of this entire enterprise is highly dependent on the distance, the city, the sales markets and the resulting crop. A more or less realistic return on investment period is two or three years.

Sales channels

Fruits, vegetables and herbs are products that are in constant demand in the warm season, and especially in winter. Growing food in winter has the best profitability, because the prices for fresh herbs, tomatoes and cucumbers are very high.

Sales market

Grocery chains and small shops, and even supermarkets. They sell a very large volume of vegetables every day, so entering into supply contracts with them is very beneficial for you as a farmer. But it will be necessary to register a legal entity, and these are costs that need to be taken into account. Although if the crop that turns out to be grown is large, you can think about this sales market. Market, all beginning gardeners sell herbs and vegetables here. Rent a kiosk or tent or place and you can start trading your crops.

Direct sale of herbs and vegetables. You can place ads on highly specialized sites, forums, bulletin boards in the global network. And there will be buyers very soon.

One of the lightest and easiest to install and assemble is a greenhouse using a wooden frame, which is covered with plastic film, a special greenhouse. The main advantage of this structure is the availability of materials, speed and ease of installation. Disadvantages: fragility of the coating, which can be easily damaged.

Another design came to us from Soviet greenhouses. Glass is used as a covering material. Its advantage is the ability to use all year round, if you bring heating and make double frames for the winter period. The light transmittance is ideal compared to any other material. The disadvantages are the complex construction and the fragility of glass as a material.

The type of greenhouse that is worth paying attention to is the increasingly popular structures coated with cellular polycarbonate. The advantages include, long term service, light weight, wide temperature range, excellent rigidity and strength parameters. The disadvantage compared to glass is that light transmission is about 90 percent.

To install a polycarbonate greenhouse, you need to pay special attention to the foundation. How to make a foundation? It is necessary to dig a small ditch, the approximate depth of which is from 10 to 30 cm, and the length and width are calculated based on the required area. The base must be protected from moisture - put waterproofing, it can be roofing material. If there is a strip foundation, then it is necessary to install formwork from any remaining garden plot materials. The fittings can be replaced with any other metal, they will do, and the remnants of old pipes and pieces of steel wire.

Since the length of the brick is 25 cm, the width of the brick foundation will be the same.

The height of the foundation will be about 20 cm above ground level. The height of the foundation will need to be increased if you use raised beds. Recommends an increase of up to 50 cm. Thus, a small wall will be obtained. It will also be installed in it.

We've sorted out the foundation. Now you have to choose between ready-made material or draft.

What is rough material? These are various types of rolled metal for the frame, polycarbonate, gaskets, etc. A greenhouse made of such materials can only be of a certain shape, since they narrow the list of shape choices. At first glance, she will little house with transparent roof and walls. This is due to the fact that in houses without certain skills and the necessary equipment, it is difficult to make arcs from a power frame.

A greenhouse made from this type of material has an advantage - it is economical to build. There is no need to draw up a project, you do not need to buy materials and tools for installation, and you can install the greenhouse yourself without hiring contractors. For construction you will need the following tools: a drill, a hammer, screwdrivers and a hacksaw for working on metal.

On the sheet you make a drawing with the dimensions of your building in order to have an idea of ​​​​the general appearance of the greenhouse. It is not necessary to comply with GOST standards; your drawing is enough. The most important thing is that you yourself understand what to do and in what sizes.

Recommendations for installing this type of greenhouse is impractical, since each gardener has different types of plot. And everyone will adapt to their own layout, and take into account all the aspects and features of their site when designing a greenhouse. The material from which you decide to build the greenhouse also matters during manufacturing.

Positive characteristics of this type of greenhouse:

1. Saving your time. Since the manufacturer himself calculated everything and did the design work.
2. The kit contains all materials for installation. There is no need to search for materials.
3. The finished kit already contains a diagram for assembling a greenhouse. After carefully studying it, you can easily assemble it yourself.
4. All elements have a specific size, as they were manufactured at the factory.

The negative point is that they are the same type. The market now offers arches in the form of a tunnel (arched type). The advantage of this design is that, due to its arched shape, it has greater light reflection. And also, water from rain will not accumulate on such a surface. The downside is that it is less durable and rigid.

Assembly should not be difficult. We take out the diagram, look at the drawing and clearly, following the instructions, assemble the structure, almost like assembling a construction set.

The most difficult thing when assembling a greenhouse is installing the polycarbonate. The most important thing is to strictly follow the instructions. The only recommendation is that if one person will assemble the greenhouses, then you need to prepare supports in advance.

Since it is quite soft, caution is required when working with it. And also during the assembly process you will need to cut and drill the material. The main thing here is to prepare in advance by marking with a construction marker.

When cutting material, we recommend using a utility knife approximately 3 knife segments long so that the knife does not go to the side.
Since polycarbonate is a ready-made structure, it has stiffening ribs inside. Therefore, cutting may be difficult. The main thing here is experience. You can start by taking a small piece of polycarbonate and working with it, so to speak, to get a feel for the material. And if you have a jigsaw, then, of course, use it.

Another important point during assembly. The set includes a vapor transmission tape. Be sure to use it. It will protect your greenhouse from excess moisture and dirt.

So, we have looked at several types of greenhouses. Each of them has its own special and distinctive characteristics. And when building a greenhouse with your own hands best projects for yourself there will be exactly those that will allow you to focus on your goals, tasks and opportunities. After all, it doesn’t matter at all what kind of harvest you have, the most important thing is that it was made with your own hands and will delight you and your loved ones with a wonderful harvest.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. Let's see how to make it from almost improvised materials below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, but plants can be kept in a greenhouse all year round;
• The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable, often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various types of deformation, such as strong gusts of wind;
• Easy to install and assemble the entire structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of light, lasts a long time, and retains heat.

The disadvantages: it gets very hot in the summer, there is a heavy load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation required.

Note!

Disadvantages: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level of thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a greenhouse frame

The frame is a kind of base for a greenhouse; most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

Wooden frame

The main advantage is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation you will need the following tools: hammer, screwdriver, saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden beams, ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution Sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage fastening; it will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and everything is temporarily secured with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened diagonally with timber. The door frame is installed to the side posts. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​​​the points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roofing beams must be fastened at an angle of 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​the end points they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fastening of the roof frame is done using corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

First the door frame is attached. Do not forget that in the middle and upper parts the opening is secured with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more wear-resistant.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special attachment for working with metal (disc).

The pipe is divided into two equal parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, and crosspieces are welded every half meter. The cut elements must be welded to the crosspieces.

Special tees are attached to the arch to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

Once the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut it off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of the polycarbonate is the one where the drawing is depicted. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the sections with sealing tape on top and perforated tape on the bottom.

First, the polycarbonate is attached to the top, then to the sides. It is attached to the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

Finally, the seal and door hardware are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large harvest of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future. By approaching the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

Many summer residents would like to grow fresh vegetables all year round. It is possible to come to country house even in winter. The building is heated, with all communications. For vegetables, if you want to grow them in winter and spring, you will also need a warm house. A year-round heated greenhouse can be equipped with your own hands.

This is the most important thing to start with – choose the right place. By 30%, the location will determine the efficiency of the greenhouse.

Table. Options for choosing a location for a greenhouse

Parameter	Description
Daylight	Of course, in a stationary year-round greenhouse you will have to provide additional artificial lighting, but why not use nature’s capabilities 100%? Plants must be provided maximum number daylight. By placing the greenhouse structure in the direction from west to east in open place, you will get maximum sun for your plants.
Wind	Cold winds can not only penetrate into the structure through any even small cracks, but also, acting from the outside, reduce its temperature by 2-5 degrees. For young seedlings, such a difference can be disastrous. Therefore, when installing a greenhouse, take care of its additional protection from the wind.
Water	Ideally, a year-round greenhouse contains automatic system glaze. But if there is none, hydraulic communications should be located close for convenient and prompt water intake and irrigation. Water temperature, especially in winter, also matters. Watering seedlings with cold water is unacceptable.
Approaches	Few people pay attention to this parameter. However, the approach to the greenhouse should be wide and comfortable. This will not only facilitate its construction, but also make its operation comfortable and efficient.

Selection of materials

What to build from? There are many options. You need to choose a material so that the structure will last a long time, be durable, airtight, and economical. In this regard, the old film and glass classic buildings, equipped with frame structures using wood, are finally a thing of the past.

Why are film, glass and wood not suitable?

Greenhouse made of wood and glass - photo

1. Even a heavy-duty film can tear and heat will leak.
2. Over time, cracks will inevitably form in the frames and between them, through which heat will also escape.
3. Glass breaks and in one layer has low heat transfer.

What materials to choose for a year-round greenhouse?

• The frame structure can be used during installation metal-plastic frames, subject to double-layer glazing.
• The walls of the greenhouse can be made of polycarbonate on a metal base.
• For a year-round greenhouse, a brick building is suitable.

Reliability, long service life, protection of growing crops - these are the main parameters by which greenhouse building materials are selected.

Assembling a greenhouse from cellular polycarbonate

Let's look at the polycarbonate structure, the features of its assembly and the tools and additional materials required for this.

Why is polycarbonate good?

This modern material has many positive performance qualities.

• It has excellent thermal insulation properties.
• It has a surprisingly flexible structure - it bends easily without breaking, which allows the installation of even arched structures.
• This new material is 16 times lighter than the thinnest glass.

In polycarbonate buildings, the frame is played by profile pipes. In addition to them you will need:

• welding machine;
• polycarbonate sheets;
• bolts and sealant.

Assembly can be completed in a few hours, according to the instructions that come with the finished greenhouse.

Advice! Not all ready-made structures have transoms, but it is better to provide them; the possibility of ventilation will protect the plants from overheating.

The frame is assembled with bolts. The sheets are inserted into the frame. Don't forget to slope the roof (an angle of 35 degrees is enough) to protect against snow accumulation. Places of strips with open honeycombs on polycarbonate are treated with sealant to minimize heat loss.

Features of a metal-plastic greenhouse

Do-it-yourself metal-plastic structures are not the easiest thing to do. It will be the most durable from specialists, so it is better to make a custom-made greenhouse frame in a construction company that specializes in the manufacture of such products. Plus, the frame will need double glazing, which is also best left to specialists.

As a result, the total cost of such a year-round greenhouse will not be cheap. But this is the most realistic opportunity to grow herbs and vegetables all year round.

Advice! When installing a metal-plastic glazed greenhouse, it is recommended to make one wall (northern) not from glass and insulate it.

The roof of such a greenhouse tilts 30 degrees. It is preferable to choose a single-pitch configuration.

Features of a brick greenhouse

A brick greenhouse, or capital greenhouse as it is also called, is a real “home” for plants, where life is possible all year round. This is not even a greenhouse anymore, but a real greenhouse in which you can grow not only vegetables, but also various exotic plants. Until now, despite new modern materials such as metal-plastic and cellular polycarbonate, the brick version of a permanent greenhouse is considered the most reliable, proven, optimal, and effective.

How to build a greenhouse out of brick

You can do the construction yourself if you have at least minimal skills in bricklaying and other construction work. But even without labor costs, a greenhouse will require substantial financial investment.

You will need:

• brick;
• mineral wool;
• cement, sand;
• roofing material;
• boards, timber for rafters;
• windows, doors, gutters.

The peculiarity of the construction is that, unlike all other types of greenhouses, the brick one is a “two-room apartment” for green pets. The first room is the vestibule. Typically it occupies an area of ​​2x2 m or 2x2.5 m. Garden supplies, fertilizers, soil and other necessary things are stored in the vestibule, and a heating system (boiler, stove) is installed.

The main greenhouse room can be any size that you are able to master.

The partition between two rooms is made permanent. A door is installed in it. The second door from the vestibule leads outside. In the greenhouse, not only windows are made, but also transoms.

Another feature is that for a permanent greenhouse you will have to pour a foundation, preferably a strip foundation.

Table. The main stages of building a brick greenhouse

Heating system

You can heat the greenhouse different ways. From the simplest and most ancient - stove, to new and modern infrared equipment and heat guns. Each system has its own disadvantages and advantages.

Table. Characteristics of greenhouse heating systems

Heating type	Characteristics
	Used in permanent buildings. The simplest and least expensive method. Does not require complex structures. The stove is installed in the vestibule. The chimney is along the perimeter of the greenhouse room. To install stove heating, ventilation is necessary. The disadvantages are uneven heat supply, the need for constant monitoring, strong heating of the stove surface, fire hazard. The walls of a gas-generating solid fuel stove do not heat up.
	Can be installed in a greenhouse made of any material. Considered the safest. You will need a tank with a boiler, a pump, pipes, water, and electricity. The water is heated by electricity, distributed throughout the system using a pump, cools down and returns to the boiler. This method provides not only an optimal, uniform thermal regime, but also the necessary humidity. But only specialists can install such a system. Operation will also require serious material costs.
	Alternative to water. You will need gas heaters and burners, as well as pipes evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse. Gas is burned, heat is distributed in the room. There are several disadvantages, the main one being the need for constant monitoring to avoid gas leaks. Additional ventilation will also be required. This option is more economical than water, heating is carried out evenly, the room heats up faster.
	The most popular and sought after type. Can be used in all greenhouses. There are many devices, including: convector batteries, cables, guns, heating mats. Most systems are equipped with sensors and it is possible to adjust modes.
	You should not even try to install the system yourself - it is installed only by professionals at the time of assembling the greenhouse structure. The heating is excellent, uniform and fast. Condensation does not accumulate (which happens in winter when using all other systems). But there is a possibility of air drying, so it is recommended to install humidifiers in parallel.

What vegetables are grown in a greenhouse all year round?

In a heated greenhouse you can grow absolutely any vegetables, herbs, berries, flowers and even exotic plants. But if there is only one greenhouse on the site, and you give preference to vegetables, you will have to choose up to three vegetable crops and the same number of green ones.

Vegetables

Traditional vegetables for year-round cultivation are usually chosen:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• Chinese cabbage;
• radish;
• salads.

Greenery

From spicy green crops are grown:

• dill;
• parsley;
• cilantro;
• basil;
• green onions.

Pepper - can be sown and grown with any crops.

Tomatoes - grow well with onions and radishes.

Cucumbers - prefer radishes, lettuce and all green crops.

Greens - Can grow with all crops.

Advice! It is not advisable to combine cucumbers with tomatoes and cabbage with parsley in neighboring crops.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

The time for planting seedlings that grew in rooms is permanent place growth in a capital heated greenhouse depends on the sowing period you choose. There are certain rules for successful planting of seedlings.

1. The seedlings are ready for planting when they have at least 7-8 true leaves (pepper has at least 12). The bushes are strong, stable, not elongated; flower buds may begin to form in peppers and tomatoes. Leaf color is intense green.

   

2. Before planting, seedlings need to be hardened two weeks in advance - taken outside for several hours, gradually increasing the time.
3. Greenhouse soil is prepared in advance - filled with humus, a 1 m² bucket (not manure!) and minerals (potassium and phosphorus - 40 g each, nitrogen - 30 g/m²). The soil is dug up, loosened, and broken into holes.

   

   

   

4. The holes are watered with two liters of water each. The seedlings are also well watered two hours before planting.

   

5. The seedling is carefully removed from the seedling container using a planting scoop, along with the root soil. If a root that is too long sticks out from the soil clod, you can pinch it off by a third.
6. The seedling is lowered into the hole, held with one hand, and the space between the walls and the lump is filled with the other.
7. The soil is compacted around the stem and watered again. For plants that will be tied up (tomatoes, cucumbers, some varieties of peppers), it is immediately recommended to install pegs or slatted trellises.

   

Plant care in the greenhouse

In a greenhouse, which works all year round to “produce” fresh vegetable products, the plants need especially careful care.

First important condition– soil preparation. Vegetables grown out of season in a greenhouse will place increased demands, primarily on the soil. It should be light, fertile, with a high concentration of substances needed by plants.

The following components are required in greenhouse soil:

• manure;
• turf;
• peat;
• straw (sawdust);
• sand;
• carbohydrate-containing and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

The second condition is feeding. Vegetables and herbs must be fed regularly throughout the entire growth and fruiting cycle.

The third important component of care is watering and humidity regime. Drip irrigation or a fine shower (for some crops) is preferable. If it is not possible to install an automatic watering system with regulation of the temperature of the supplied water, make sure that its temperature is not lower than the ambient temperature.

Heating is discussed in detail above. One has only to note that in the conditions of the middle zone, a year-round greenhouse will have to be heated at different rates for at least seven months a year.

An important maintenance measure is weed control and loosening the soil. Earthen crust is dangerous for all garden plants, but it is especially harmful to seedlings and seedlings in a greenhouse, where plants get less air than in open ground.

Loosening greenhouse soil, depending on the composition of the soil, often begins even before the emergence of seedlings (when sowing crops with seeds). If the seeds have not yet sprouted, but a crust has already formed, of course, it must be destroyed to make it easier for the seedlings to reach the surface. Loosening before germination is carried out between the rows, to a depth of no more than 5 cm, with a light ripper.

When the main crops sprout, or after seedlings are planted in the greenhouse, all loosening is combined with weeding and carried out after watering. The soil is loosened closer to the plant stem, but so as not to destroy the lateral roots.

Advice! Vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, cucumbers, are loosened immediately after planting seedlings deeply, up to 7 cm. As the lateral roots grow, the depth of loosening decreases and the distance from the stem increases.

Also, in a year-round greenhouse, it is necessary to pay special attention to the prevention of diseases of vegetable crops, take measures to treat emerging diseases, promptly remove remnants of vegetation, obsolete canes, stems, leaves, and after harvesting, while preparing the greenhouse for a new sowing cycle, carry out its disinfection.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse will definitely bring excellent results if you follow all the rules for caring for seedlings and planting them in protected soil. The reward will be juicy and healthy fruits, vegetables and herbs from your own plot all year round.

Video - How to build a large winter greenhouse

A greenhouse is essentially a unique part of your garden, because the vagaries of nature have no power over it. A greenhouse will allow you to grow vegetables in winter or admire the plants and flowers of your home all year round. winter garden. And it is especially nice when it is made with your own hands. After all, the harvest harvested in it will be especially tasty, and it is also important that by building a greenhouse with your own hands, you will save a considerable amount. Of course, a number of questions immediately arise. What greenhouses are there and which one to choose? Where is the best place to put it? Which material to choose? But don't worry, we will answer all these questions and more. So, how to build a greenhouse with your own hands.

First of all, it is worth noting that buildings intended for growing plants are divided into greenhouses and greenhouses. A greenhouse is a more solid and complex structure. It usually has a foundation, walls and roof made of various materials. The design of a greenhouse is much simpler, it is small and mobile. A greenhouse is, in principle, not intended for the entire plant growth cycle. It is designed for growing seedlings, which are then planted in the ground.

Greenhouses are primarily divided into summer (seasonal) and winter (permanent).

Winter greenhouse

It is better to place a winter greenhouse closer to the communications of your home. Since the heating system must be conducted from them. Of course, you can heat the greenhouse with a stove, but it will be too troublesome. The stove must be constantly lit to maintain a stable temperature level. A capital greenhouse will definitely require a strong foundation and supports to withstand all weather factors.

Here we should also mention a thermos greenhouse, deepened into the ground several meters. But these greenhouses are built much less frequently due to their high labor intensity and cost. For it it is necessary to dig a pit, make a strong foundation and walls from thermoblocks, heating system and much more.

Summer greenhouse

Summer greenhouses usually mean greenhouses covered with dense polyethylene. This is the simplest and cheapest option for covering a greenhouse, which will last a couple of seasons if used carefully. Usually, either a wooden frame or a frame of PVC pipes is constructed, onto which a film is attached in the spring. A large selection of inexpensive seasonal greenhouses is also available. They have an easily foldable, non-bulky design, which will be easy to hide at the end of the season if necessary.

According to their shape, greenhouses are divided into:

• arched
• single-pitched
• gable
• Mittlider greenhouse
• domed greenhouses
• polygonal

Arched greenhouse It has an arched roof shape, thanks to which the sun's rays will be evenly distributed over the entire area and, accordingly, the plants will receive maximum sunlight and heat. Also, this shape prevents the accumulation large quantity snow, so that deformation does not threaten it, and your work will be reduced.

Lean greenhouses Usually they are attached on one side to any solid building on the site. Perhaps, ideal option will be if it is attached on the south side of a residential, heated house. In this option, you will save not only space on your site, but also energy for heating. But in this option, unlike the previous one, snow can accumulate, so you should be careful during snowfalls.

And the most common today - gable greenhouses. They can be both winter and summer. The main advantage of these greenhouses is their size. There is plenty of room for you and your plants. In such a greenhouse, some part of the area can even be allocated as a recreation area.

Form Mittlider greenhouses usually based on gable construction(less often arched). But still, we singled it out as a separate type because of its unique two-level roof, which allows you to make a transom (windows in the picture below). The transom in this case is a complete ventilation system that eliminates all the ventilation disadvantages of other types of greenhouses. It not only ventilates, but also supplies the plants with the carbon dioxide they need for nutrition.

Domed greenhouse is more of a design element than a fully functional greenhouse. However, it is perfect for growing flowers and will look great in a snowy garden. Still, it is worth noting that the domed shape provides a number of significant advantages. Among them, it is worth noting durability and stability, and most importantly, good illumination throughout the day. The disadvantage is small size, which is why it is often not very convenient to work. Such a greenhouse is difficult to manufacture, so they usually buy ready-made structures.

Polygonal greenhouses As a rule, they have an octagonal shape, which gives them a number of advantages, but also makes their construction more expensive and labor-intensive. The advantages include attractive appearance, which makes them a real decoration of the garden, as well as a number of practical qualities. It is convenient to install shelving and work in them, but, most importantly, at least one of the eight sides is always at the best angle to the sun.

Choosing a location for a greenhouse

The effectiveness of a greenhouse will largely depend on its location. Please note the following:

1. If you are planning a solid greenhouse, then to ensure necessary conditions plants (lighting, wind) build it from west to east.
2. The amount of soil, as well as its slope, plays a big role. The greenhouse should only be placed on level ground. If the soil is clayey, it must first be sprinkled with gravel, and then a layer of fertile soil must be added. You should not install the greenhouse in lowlands, on sandy soil, or in swampy areas.
3. Considering the need for communications, remember the proximity to the house. As mentioned above, a good option may be to attach a greenhouse to a house or another building not far from it. This, for example, will facilitate heating and protection from the wind and will be beneficial for a small area. Most importantly, do not forget that this building should not interfere with access to the sun.
4. To improve the temperature regime, deepen the greenhouse by 70-80 centimeters. When deepening, it is worth remembering about low-growing plants, since if they are deepened too much, they may not receive enough light.
5. Do not place the greenhouse close to trees, they will create unnecessary shade for the plants.

Greenhouse frame

One of the key elements of the greenhouse design that ensures its strength and stability is the frame. There are three most common and popular types of frames: metal, wood, plastic (PVC). Briefly about each of them:

• plus wooden frame is the convenience of its construction and more opportunities for improvisation. To protect against weather factors, the wood will require mandatory processing, but despite this, the wooden frame will still be inferior in terms of durability to the other two. The main advantage of this material is its environmental friendliness.
• Metal carcass stands out for its durability. There is no need to worry about it during strong winds or snowfall. There are different options for metal frames, but if you choose steel profile, remember the need for anti-corrosion coating.
• PVC frame considered reliable and safe. The strength of this frame will primarily depend on the thickness of the selected profile. Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), you can create a completely sealed system in your greenhouse and control the microclimate in it as you wish.

Covering for greenhouse

For reliable protection plants will need good material to cover the greenhouse. The most common: glass, different types films and products made from the same PVC.

When choosing glass for a greenhouse, keep in mind that it must be highly durable to withstand all weather disasters. The best choice would be tempered glass or triplex. If it is not possible to install one of these options, installing several glasses may be an option.

Film- the most popular greenhouse covering option today. With the right choice and proper care, it can last a long time. Nowadays, various types of film are produced specifically for greenhouses and greenhouses. For example:

• Reinforced film is a particularly strong material that helps protect plants from frost. Most often, gardeners choose it.
• Light-converting film - converts ultraviolet radiation into infrared, which in turn promotes plant growth.

PVC products- this is cellular and monolithic polycarbonate and acrylic plastic that transmits light well. Polycarbonate is increasingly in demand. It has a number of noticeable advantages:

• relatively low price;
• material flexibility;
• does not fade and looks aesthetically pleasing;
• good thermal insulation due to the air gap;
• resistant to temperature changes and other weather factors;
• lightness of the material, which allows you not to build an impressive frame and foundation for it;
• dissipates sunlight well;
• ease of installation and dismantling;
• durability.

How to build a greenhouse with your own hands

Before building a greenhouse, you must have a clear understanding of future construction. To do this, you need to draw up a diagram of the greenhouse, calculate the amount of material needed and, of course, prepare the place. To give you an idea of ​​the progress of construction, let's look at a visual example of the construction of one of the greenhouse options.

Aluminum pipes are used for the frame of the greenhouse.

To give the pipes the required shape, we use a simple pipe bender.

Understandable if you use PVC pipes, this step will not be necessary.

The result should be the following.

In our example, larger diameter pipes are used to secure the arches of the greenhouse frame. They are driven to a depth of 40-50 cm. The height of the pipes above the ground should be about 30-40 cm.

Instead of pipes of larger diameter, conventional fittings with the same dimensions can be used for fastening. It is driven into the ground in the same way, and the frame arches are put on top.

We install boards (plinth) along the perimeter, pre-treated with an antiseptic. Then we drill a hole through the board and both pipes. Then securely fasten it with bolts. We fasten the boards to each other with metal jumpers.

Using a wooden beam, we assemble the frames of the “fronts”.

We fasten the transverse arcs with a longitudinal pipe.

We cover the wooden frame with siding or plain plywood, and then paint it.

We cover all potentially sharp and rough edges so as not to tear the film.

All that remains is to install the door and cover the greenhouse with film. Let's talk in more detail about film mounting options.

Attaching the film to the greenhouse

We list the most popular mounting options:

• Wooden slats nailed or screwed with self-tapping screws. Alternatively, instead of slats, you can use cut linoleum or packing tape and secure them construction stapler. But this option is better used for reinforced film, since other types will inevitably tear from gusts of wind over time.
• Clamps, clips. Now there is a large selection of such mounts, so purchasing them will not be a problem. But if you wish, you can make them yourself, for example, from PVC pipes. It's not difficult at all, and with a little experimentation, you're sure to make the right ones. If you purchase metal clips, be sure to place something under them, as the metal can damage the film when heated in the sun.
• The mesh is the safest mounting option. After we cover the greenhouse with film, we lay a mesh on top of it, which is tied to the body. Of course, some additional film mount, at least minimal, must be present. Otherwise, after every heavy rain you will have to adjust it. Instead of a net, in principle, a rope can be used, although this is more troublesome.

We have discussed with you, we hope that this article was useful to you.

If you are planning to build a greenhouse with your own hands, first of all you need to decide which material to give preference to - used or buy new. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, used materials cost next to nothing, but you will need some time to find and collect, and such material can be more difficult to work with, selecting the right elements for each other.

New materials, on the contrary, are very convenient to use, but cost money. Constructing a greenhouse yourself will take some time, so it is better to plan in advance and allocate 2-3 days for this work. You also need to decide what you will make your home greenhouse from - homemade greenhouses are usually film, glazed, or built using polycarbonate.

So, the main questions of what and how to make a greenhouse have been resolved, and the planning stage is over - now you can proceed directly to the construction of a homemade greenhouse.

The dimensions of the greenhouse discussed in this article are 3.6 meters wide and 5 meters long, with a center height of about 2.5 meters. The length of your greenhouse can be longer or shorter, but when constructing a structure according to this project, the width should be around 3.3-4 meters.

If your greenhouse roof is too flat, it may fall apart!

How to make an arched greenhouse strong and reliable so that your greenhouse does not collapse under the pressure of the first rain or snowfall. In an attempt to make the bottom of your greenhouse feel more spacious, you may want to try making it wider and lower - but be careful! If there is a lot of precipitation in your region, it is much more effective for snow and rain to roll off a steeper roof than a flat one. A greenhouse roof that is too flat will sag under the weight of water and snow, causing damage.

So, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands?

We started the construction of the greenhouse with end walls, although this is not at all a prerequisite, you can build the main structure first and do the ends later. Do what is most convenient for you.

To begin, to outline the contours of the greenhouse, temporarily attach a piece of PVC pipe to a wooden plank.

Pre-drill a hole in the pipe and attach it to a wooden element using a self-tapping screw.

Assemble the rest of the frame, including the doorway. The width of the doorway depends on the size of the door, the width of which can vary from 1 to 1.5 meters. Wooden threshold it will be possible to saw off later, when it comes time to install the greenhouse door.

To make the frame joints more durable, you can glue them using a special glue intended for outdoor use.

After the assembly of the wooden frame is completed, you need to mark the contours of the greenhouse on the slats.

Remove the PVC pipe and saw off the excess pieces of wooden strip along the contour.

Refasten plastic pipe to its rightful place, along the outside of the frame. For this purpose, you can use self-tapping screws and wire anchors.

Rear end wall of the greenhouse.

And the front end wall of the greenhouse... The polyethylene film, which is planned to be attached to the structure later, will completely wrap the frame and be fixed to the wooden parts of the end. If you don't have enough wooden elements in the frame of the end walls, then problems may arise with fixing the film. A poorly secured film will sag and come off at the first strong gusts of wind.

A roll of film can be spread directly on the frame to measure out the desired piece.

Use a sharp knife to cut off a piece of film, placing something hard under it.

After securing the film on one side, you need to turn the end wall frame over and secure an additional layer on the other side.

Then carefully cut off the excess piece of film.

Cut a hole in the end wall for the doorway, leaving enough film so that you can double-fold it before attaching it to the frame. Pay attention to the cuts in the upper corners of the opening for the opening.

That's about it!

Drive long pieces of rebar or steel fence posts into the ground at a distance equal to the width of the doorway.

Place the posts vertically and plumb.

Tie the arched greenhouse frame to the fence posts using wire anchors, wire or rope.

After the end walls are installed, stretch the cord along the entire length to mark the installation line for the side ribs of the greenhouse.

Along the line, at a distance of one meter from each other, drive in pegs from the reinforcement to secure the intermediate ribs.

Attach PVC pipes to pegs, and the greenhouse takes shape. For a stronger and more stable structure, you can use a thicker pipe or place the ribs of the greenhouse more often than one meter apart.

During the construction of this greenhouse, the ribs turned out to be shorter than planned, so it was decided to lengthen them a little.

We decided to extend the ribs with pieces of PVC conduit. By the way, gray PVC conduit is more resistant to solar heat. Therefore, the fins of the greenhouse can be made entirely from conduit.

In case you live in an area where there is a lot of rain or snow, you will need to install additional PVC pipe right in the center of the arched greenhouse.

A ridge of thick PVC pipe attached to the top point of the frame will prevent the film from sagging and collapsing.

Screw the side ribs to the ridge with self-tapping screws and secure with rope to be sure. In case of heavy snowfall, it is recommended to install supports inside the greenhouse during bad weather.

Secure each connection with wire anchors and fasten with self-tapping screws.

Using pieces of wood to twist the wire together and tighten it. Wire spacers make the structure more stable and durable.

To measure and cut the plastic wrap, you will need to measure out a little extra film on all sides so you can fold it in a little at the ends later.

Fix the film on a wooden plank using a stapler.

After the film is secured with staples on the wooden plank, you should make a full turn to completely wrap the plank in polyethylene.

Secure the film with self-tapping screws using a drill. Wrap the ends of the plastic film around a wooden plank and attach an additional plank on top of the film - this will help secure the film securely and make the structure heavier. Secure the opposite end of the film in the same way, roll it up and take it closer to the greenhouse. For this job, you will need another person to help you roll, unfold, and cover the greenhouse frame with film.

So, the main work is completed, there are still minor finishing touches that you can easily handle. Sprinkle the lower end of the film wall with earth or mulch to get rid of cracks and drafts; you can lay bricks, tiles or stones on top of the earthen embankment along the outer edge of the greenhouse.

Well, that's all, now you know how to make a greenhouse with your own hands!