Bake oven baked. What and how they cooked and baked in the Russian oven. Electric furnace: what could be simpler and more reliable

Drying in a Russian oven Mushrooms prepared for drying are laid out with their hats down on sieves, braids or strung on knitting needles. They should be placed in the oven when the temperature in it after the furnace drops to 60-70 ° C. With more high temperature it is not recommended to start drying,

Drying in a Russian oven Sort the mushrooms, wash them, put them on the grates or string them on the knitting needles. Place in the oven after firing when the temperature is 60–70 °C. If the temperature is lower, then they will begin to sour, if it is more, they will fry. During drying, it is necessary that

Three centuries of the Russian stove Today it is generally accepted that the most important feature traditional Russian cuisine is the use of the Russian stove - with its slow, many hours of simmering food and a special temperature regime. In principle, this opinion is correct. Really

The mini-oven has always been popular with our hostesses. After all, the kitchens are tiny, and you really want to install them in them. necessary equipment to make work easier. Compact household appliances are in demand. And in a small kitchen you want not only to eat deliciously, but also to cook on modern equipment. But the problem is that it is not always possible to conveniently install smart kitchen machines in the tiny kitchen. But here some manufacturers of kitchen equipment come to the rescue. They offer a way out - to replace a huge oven with a compact mini-oven.

Mini-ovens are becoming frequent guests in kitchenettes. Buyers' attention is kitchen equipment attracted for a reason small size and ease of maintenance. Well, an important aspect in choosing this equipment is a small power consumption, compared to microwave ovens. A mini oven can easily replace an oven, toaster, grill and microwave. At the same time, the functions and capabilities of such popular equipment in the kitchen as a microwave oven are limited.

For people, especially those who take care of their figure and health, this stove is especially valuable.

In it, you can defrost food, heat up ready-made food, bake pies or casseroles, bake meat, vegetables or fish. And always dishes will turn out not only healthy, but also tasty and beautiful. How does this mini-oven cope with its task? How to choose the right unit for your kitchen?

Classes of mini-furnaces by heating elements:

• Quartz;
• Ordinary heaters;
• Combined.

Electric stoves with quartz heating elements heat up the space very quickly. The mini-oven heats up in 1 minute, bringing the oven to a temperature of +220 °C. In this case, the heating elements are located in several pieces from below and from above. They can work both individually and all together, depending on the specified mode. Experts recommend taking into account some of the nuances in order to create a work of art at home in the form of pies or pies that will delight your family. A good cake can only be obtained in an oven that has a large volume. Baking will have beautiful view and lush dough, but at the same time, ovens with a large volume will heat up longer.

The oven must heat up for 10 minutes so that you can put the future tasty pie, and after cooking, leave baking for 30 or 40 minutes, while turning off the electric oven. But, if the family is small, and the need for baking is small, then it is better to opt for a small oven. It's rational and efficient.

Operating modes of mini-ovens

What is the difference between a mini-oven and a microwave - the very principle of operation. Microwaves work with microwaves, and mini-ovens work with infrared rays. The principle of operation of mini-ovens looks more natural and more natural than microwave waves. What does a mini oven look like? The appearance and dimensions of the mini-oven are similar to those of a microwave oven.

A mini-oven must be chosen based on the number of people who will use it.

Mini ovens are available in oven sizes from 8 liters to 40 liters. There are small-sized mini-ovens, their oven volume is approximately 12 liters. These ovens are good for making hot sandwiches, pizza and toast. Experts recommend choosing the volume of the oven, which is designed for 1 person, up to about 10 liters, and for three - up to 20 liters.

Operating modes of various modifications of mini-ovens:

• Electric oven;
• Grill;
• Delicate mode;
• Convection;
• Toast;
• Roasting;
• Heating;
• Baking;
• Defrosting.

The electric oven can be heated with two levels of heating elements - lower and upper. This mode is especially recommended for grilled meat and fish, as well as stewed vegetables and fruits. The grill makes it possible to cook toasted toast, mouth-watering pizza and fluffy biscuits. In this case, only the upper level of the heating elements works. The delicate mode will be especially interesting for lovers of spicy chicken legs and spicy wings. To get this yummy, only the lower level of the oven heating elements is needed.

The toast mode is especially in demand for lovers of morning coffee and crispy toasts. Baking speaks for itself - a mode to cook pastries. For example, to prepare an air biscuit, you need to put the form with the dough in the oven for 30 or 40 minutes at a temperature of +180 ° C. In addition to the above modes of operation, known to many housewives who use electric mini-ovens, there are others in some models of mini-ovens, for example, “Roasting”, “Heating”.

The principle of operation of convection is quite simple. This is a built-in fan that evenly distributes hot air throughout the oven. Dishes are cooked faster by 20%, and, accordingly, energy savings are significant. Manufacturers recommend using convection in cheap mini ovens, where there is only 1 heating element. If the oven is equipped with 2 elements, then in such conditions the use of convection becomes meaningless. Auto-off is very useful feature, which prevents food from overcooking, especially when the temperature has reached its maximum.

How to choose a mini-oven by power

Many housewives, choosing a desktop mini-oven for their kitchen, forget that the cost electrical energy cannot be discounted. Looking through the characteristics of mini-ovens, you can notice one feature - what more sizes electrical units, the greater their power and, accordingly, energy consumption. To date, manufacturers offer customers mini-ovens with a power of 650 W to 2200 W.

Modifications of mini-ovens by power:

• Up to 10 liters have power from 700 W to 600 W;
• Up to 15 l - 700-1600 W;
• Up to 20 liters have power from 1700 W to 1900 W.

It should be noted that mini-furnaces with quartz heating elements heat up faster, but the cost of this equipment is quite high, and the device is energy-intensive. Electric mini ovens also differ in the control method. The mechanical type of control is carried out using round mechanical handles. Such ovens are very popular among housewives who value simplicity in operation, and, importantly, similar models cheap.

IN modern models built-in electronic control of the mini-oven, but the cost of such equipment increases.

Mini ovens also have different system door opening. The hinged doors of the mini-oven are similar to the variation we are used to in an ordinary oven, but only in a smaller form. But, there are several nuances here - if it is planned that the electric mini-oven will be installed at eye level, then it is better not to buy such equipment with a hinged door, it will be very inconvenient during operation. Therefore, in this case it is better to consider another modification of the mini-oven with a side door.

Rating of manufacturers of mini-ovens

The rating of mini-ovens can be started with an overview of the most famous manufacturers. In any supermarket household appliances a wide range of equipment from many companies is presented. Which oven to take, how does one manufacturer differ from another? There are many questions. Experts advise choosing products of well-known brands, the review of these companies is huge. And many of the parameters by which you can choose a mini-oven that will suit the hostess are discussed in previous chapters.

Manufacturers are always ready to provide customers best models mini-ovens, consulting if necessary.

From what has not yet been considered, it is necessary to note such an element as a baking sheet. The quality and convenience of the cooking process depend on it. various dishes. In some cases, when the container and products are very heavy, due to a poor-quality or thin baking sheet, troubles can occur with not the best outcome.

Types of trays for mini ovens:

• Support in the form of a lattice;
• Flat variant;
• Tapered for chicken;
• Telescopic pan.

Telescopic baking tray for mini ovens, it is very convenient system. The baking sheet moves out along with the door along the guides. This mini oven tray system is the safest.

Mini oven for baking goodies

Experienced housewives claim that the real Italian pizza is cooked in mini-ovens. In an ordinary gas oven, this quality of baking cannot be achieved.

Cupcakes and muffins are also great in mini-ovens, but for baking them, you need to have special silicone molds. What else can be cooked in a mini-oven - crumbly rice, buckwheat porridge and bread.

Overview of mini-ovens (video)

Cooking is a fascinating and creative process, especially nowadays, when household appliances manufacturers of well-known companies every day present more and more new kitchen products to the customers to facilitate the process of cooking. And most importantly, in order not to get lost among this sea of ​​home appliances, you need to know exactly the selection parameters and consult with the seller.

According to the tacit distribution of responsibilities, the cooking process is considered the responsibility of the hostess. And in this regard, a woman cannot be reproached, since every day, in any conditions, she tries to please her household with something special.

In Russian folklore, we see the chanting of bread as a symbol of prosperity, the fertility of the earth, the care of mother nature. Today, bread is obtained in a mechanized, even automated way, so rarely does anyone think about the hard work of a grain grower when buying a loaf or a long loaf in a store. But through the genetic memory, we were given a love for the aroma and taste of fresh pastries, so the most favorite way to pamper the family is baking bread, pies, pies.

Bread baking process

Masterpiece abilities must be applied even at the test preparation stage. This is where they come into play old recipes and all sorts of tricks. But the key role is good oven, which ensures uniform baking of products throughout the volume. It should immediately be noted that gas oven far from leadership in this regard, since the peculiar action of an open flame leads to the indispensable burning of products. If not considered industrial production, then an electric oven for the kitchen will be the most suitable device that allows you to cook almost any dish and bake bread

Classification

The classification will help to recreate a picture of the distribution of features and functions among the wide variety of all oven models presented, as well as make a choice when buying for certain purposes. However, there is no single classification, and no one sets the goal of its creation. But according to some specific features, there is an elementary division of models into subspecies. It must be noted in advance that we will be interested in electric ovens for the home, in which you can bake bread.

Depending on the scale of cooking and on the configuration, all kitchen stoves are divided into stationary electric stoves with ovens, ovens and mini ovens. There are also separate hobs, but they are irrelevant in this question.

• The mini oven is a versatile device that you can take with you to the country during the season. Among other functions, it has the ability to bake flour products. For these purposes, heating elements are built into the oven. The presence of heating from above and below is just an indicator that pies can be cooked in such an oven. However, their number is limited by the dimensions of the oven.

Small versatile device

• The oven is not intended for transport. It can be made as a single structure with a plate or separately installed in the form mortise device. Inside, the heating elements are more powerful than in compact models, since more energy is required to warm up a large space. A huge pie, pizza, a dozen pies can be placed on a baking sheet of the oven. We can say that the dimensions are hallmark division of ovens into types.

Classic oven option

How else can you divide electric furnaces into types:

• Classification by volume. Even electric ovens belonging to the same type differ from each other in the volume of the oven. It can range from 9 to 45 liters in compact ovens. This parameter is selected based on the size of the family. Ovens up to 15 liters will meet the needs of two adults. The composition of the family, increased to 3-4 persons, will require the purchase of an electric baking oven with a volume of at least 20 liters. It is not difficult to guess who the larger models are designed for.
• Power classification. You should immediately cut off such false truth, which establishes the proportionality of quality and power. Of great importance in some cases can play a cruel joke when cooking. For baking bread, a sharp rise in temperature is important, but subsequently it should gradually decrease. An oven that bakes bread warms up quickly, but then difficulties arise at the stage when the product must languish, since it is difficult to adjust the temperature. When choosing a power value for a future furnace, consider its dimensions. For the smallest values, a power consumption of 800 watts is suitable. The stationary electric oven for the kitchen is equipped with heating elements with a total power of 1.5 to 2.5 kW.
• The number of heating elements. The operating mode of the oven depends on the number of included heating elements. They are connected individually or in combination with each other. Any electric oven for baking at home must have at least two heating elements located in the upper and lower parts of the chamber. Only their joint work will lead to a qualitative result. This secret was known even during the use of the Russian stove. Its vault is made in such a way that heat is evenly concentrated in the area where the bread is “planted”.

Mass baking of buns

• Temperature regulation. Most simple models the ovens did not even contain a temperature controller. Theoretically, it was possible to bake pies in such an oven, but how inconvenient it was to put it into practice. I had to change the baking sheets in places, rotate them, turn off the power. Such models did not last long, since the circuit of an elementary regulator is quite simple. You can set the temperature required in the recipe and the thermostat will take care of keeping it constant.
• presence of convection. Electric ovens, inside which forced convection is provided, are more adapted for baking flour products. It is the movement of air that ensures the distribution of heat throughout the volume, and this, in turn, is the main requirement for baking.
• Other functions. The following classification points are not so interesting to us, because they do not affect the baking process itself, but only provide convenient handling of the device. The timer automatically switches off the oven after a certain time. Some recipes are based on strict adherence to the time of the temperature, so this function is relevant when baking biscuits, meringues and other culinary delights. The camera illumination provides visual control over the process. It implies the presence of a glass window or a glass door. Furnaces are also distributed according to the method of control. Instances with mechanical parameter adjustment knobs are considered more reliable. Electronic control complements the device with many small options.

There is nothing easier (as it turned out) than cooking in a Russian stove. I was convinced of this on the weekend that I spent in the Belarusian village of Boyary, which is 100 kilometers from Minsk ...

2. Next, you will need a beautiful woman from Kiev who will monitor all processes. I had a wife :)

Imagine, my great-grandmother also used these grips, who cooked food for my little grandfather, his brothers, sisters and even my dad in the same way.

3. We drive the cauldron deeper into the oven and turn it from time to time

4. After 30 minutes, we again take our wife and with her help we pull out the cauldron from the oven (here you should pay attention to the manicure :)

5. No spices except salt and pepper, but despite this, it turned out to be a ruddy chicken that gave its juice to the potatoes. The hut immediately begins to smell incredibly delicious, and hands reach out to pour 50 grams

6. When the coals go out, you can put some piece of iron in the oven and fry a couple of chicken skewers very quickly. It does not burn, but is baked, while still getting a slight smell of smoke. You will definitely not find this in any restaurants.

There was also a desire to cook a baked "potato with roasted potatoes", but we ate so much that it became lazy. The recipe is also very simple - boil the potatoes in the oven, then drain the water and bake the whole tubers until golden brown. You can also add a little butter there and at the end flavor all this disgrace with dill. And all this should be consumed with a green onion, lard with streaks of meat and be sure to drink a couple of glasses of cold vodka.

We will do all this next time. I promise to show the process.

In this article, everyone who wishes can find out what a brick oven for bread is, get acquainted with all the stages of its construction. You can learn how to build it, how to seal the seams between the bricks on the stove, and how to ennoble the front surface. Also here you will find many interesting information regarding its origin and design.

Wood burning brick oven

Bread - food product, which has an incredibly long history, and each part of the world has its own recipe for baking it. Despite the peculiarities of dough preparation, baking, as well as a wide variety modern ovens, it is the brick oven that remains the oldest device on which people in all parts of the world and at all times could create fragrant pastries.

• With the advent of stoves with ovens, many have stopped cooking in brick ovens. They took up too much space and modern apartment its use is completely prohibited for safety reasons.
• Despite the great commitment of people to modern electrical appliances, many still prefer to install a good old brick structure in their yard, gazebo, or country house.
• This is explained quite simply, because baking created by mechanisms will never be able to surpass bread cooked in a wood-burning oven in terms of its taste characteristics.

Historical references

A brick oven, when it comes to conversation, everyone associates with ancient times. Such associations arise for a reason, since it was precisely such designs that served as an important kitchen appliance even among our distant ancestors.

• From the moment when people learned to grind cereals, and later use them as flour, it became necessary to use fire in the preparation of flour products.
• Scientists still do not know exactly when and how a person prepared bread. But it is obvious that subsequently such products were created on hot stones, and were cakes.
• According to the results of the study of the found remains of ancient cakes, it can be said with confidence that a person learned to bake more than 8 thousand years ago.

The ancient Egyptians learned how to make bread through fermentation. After that, this tradition was passed on to other peoples, and the cakes familiar to everyone took on a new form.

Thanks to such advanced civilizations as Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire, stoves also began to change dramatically, and acquired a completely new look.

It was far from profitable and convenient for everyone to have a large stone structure in their house, therefore, bakeries began to meet more and more often, in which residents of large and small cities turned to buy fresh pastries.

And yet, everyone who wanted to cook delicious bread according to his own recipe strove to build brick stoves in his house. On this moment such a construction cannot be called a necessity, but many people strive to build such an oven in their yard or in a country house in order to enjoy hot goodies always - regardless of weather conditions.

Features and Benefits

A do-it-yourself brick stove is very tempting. Many men think about this in order to please their ladies, and add one more reason to go out of town.

The modern technology market offers a huge range of ready-made bread ovens, but they are electric, and therefore directly dependent on the availability of power. Outside the city, the best device for baking will be a self-made pompeika or tonir.

The main advantages of such a device include the following characteristics:

• Fast warm-up saves a lot of time. Baking is quick and hassle-free.
• A properly designed fixture guarantees uniform baking of products of any shape.
• In addition to lean bread, you can cook pies with filling. Both vegetable and meat fillings baked perfectly.
• Just one kindling is enough for long-term use of the stove.
• The furnace works in any conditions and at any temperatures.
• Ease of design and calculations.
• Inexpensive Construction Materials. The price of a finished brick structure is much less than the price of electric ovens.
• Long service life.

Baking bread in a brick oven

From various countries of the world, many designs of ovens for bread have come to us. The most common among them are tonir and pompeika.

So Central Asia tonir came to us - a ceramic oven, having the shape of a truncated cone. Dishes are baked in it thanks to the heat that the walls of the structure give off.

Pompeian is a dome-shaped hearth oven that came to us from Italy. It is used not only for baking bread, but also pizza, as well as other dishes.

These are the oldest designs of ovens that were used for the preparation of flour products. They were taken as the basis of many modern ovens, combining with each other and adding a barbecue, as well as a grill.

Furnace features

The design of the furnace is standard, therefore it practically does not change depending on the choice of one or another type of device.

The composition of the classic oven includes the following elements:

• Firebox or crucible;
• Six;
• Mouth;
• Shield;
• Chimney;
• Under.

These are the main components of the furnace design. The photos presented here will help you choose the most appropriate design and shape.

Advice! Having chosen the most attractive design of the furnace, it is worth considering the location of its location well. This is necessary so that the structure fits into the landscape and is not cluttered with nearby plants.

How to build an oven

Brick stoves are created simply and quickly enough. They do not need regular maintenance.

• All that is needed is to choose the right materials, make calculations, and carry out the construction in accordance with the instructions.
• Do not forget about the norms and standards. So, SNiP II-22-81 * "Stone and reinforced masonry structures" helps a novice engineer to calculate a stone structure for compression and resistance.
• Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to carry out small geodetic work. Marking the territory will only facilitate further work.

Advice! The furnace should be located on the elevation of the site, so the problem of drainage can be solved.

The main calculations relate directly to the dimensions of the individual parts of the furnace. Each of them must be stable, and the capacity must satisfy the requirements for the productivity of the structure. All calculations must be recorded, after which a furnace design is drawn up.

Necessary tools and materials

Since the future structure must be in contact with the fire, it is worth taking care of correct selection materials. This will greatly help GOST 8691-73 “Refractory products general purpose. Shape and dimensions.

• For the construction of furnaces the best choice fireclay brick will become, since it is refractory and has high strength.
• When choosing a brick for a stove, one should be guided by GOST 390-96 “Fire-resistant fireclay and semi-acid products for general purposes and mass production”.
• Thanks to the norms and standards, you can create a durable stove with your own hands quickly and at low cost.

All the tools that will be needed during construction are presented in the table:

Photo and name of the tool	purpose
	Needed to cut the bricks of the dome. You also need to select special nozzles for working with bricks.
	Together with the mixer nozzle, it helps to mix the building mixture.
	Suitable for forming formwork and separating bricks.
	For sawing formwork material
	For gentle cracking of bricks
	To protect the eyes and body while working with the tool

Tools will make the job easier, but in addition to them, you still need to purchase high-quality building materials.

To build a structure and process a brick between the wall and the stove, the following materials are needed:

1. Refractory fireclay bricks;
2. Oven mixture "Martel";
3. Mineral wool;
4. Perlite;
5. Reinforcing mesh;
6. Small metal profiles;
7. Chimney pipe;
8. Formwork boards;
9. Retaining boards and bars;
10. Polyethylene film;
11. Concrete blocks or ordinary brick;
12. Cement;
13. Sand.

The listed tools and materials are enough to create the bread oven of your dreams.

Foundations

On the selected site, it is necessary to dig a hole with a depth of more than 30 cm, with dimensions of 1.5x1.5 m. The width of the hole should be approximately 10 cm larger than the width of the pedestal from each corner.

A pillow is created from sand, its thickness should reach 15 cm. Then the sand is also compacted due to crushed stone laid on top of it and compacted.

• Fits polyethylene film, which gives reliable waterproofing and also simplifies the concreting process.
• After that, the formwork boards are installed, and the reinforcing mesh is laid.
• Special stands are placed under the grid. You can buy them at a specialized store, or you can use wooden bars. There should be about 4-5 cm between the bottom and the reinforcement.
• When all preparatory work completed, poured concrete mix. Using a level, the surface is leveled, which subsequently remains to harden for at least a week.

The main part of the oven

The design of the stove, as mentioned earlier, consists of many parts, therefore it is necessary to build it in several stages:

Pedestal

It is better to build in the shape of the letter "H". So it will be possible to evenly distribute the load, while leaving free space for storing inventory and firewood.

Materials can be different: cinder block or brick. If the choice fell on the first option, then it is worth laying the blocks according to the dry method. After laying in rows, reinforcement is inserted into the masonry holes and poured with concrete. Holes through one are filled with concrete mixture.

table top

When the pedestal is ready, you can move on to the countertop. To begin with, formwork is arranged. Moisture resistant plywood is perfect for the bottom. The sides are formed from boards. The thickness of the tabletop can vary between 10-15 cm.

The formwork in the lower part is covered with polyethylene. The fittings are placed on supports, previously placed on plywood. Concrete is poured, after which the uniformity of filling is checked.

thermal insulation

After the final hardening of the mixture, you can proceed to next works. In order to avoid overheating of the pedestal, thermal insulation is arranged between it and the hearth. Calcium silicate slabs are laid on the countertop.

At the same time, the future outlines of the stove are indicated on the tiles. After that, tiles and bricks are cut to desired shape. Fireclay bricks are laid for the hearth. Already cut and correctly spaced elements are fixed on the mortar "Mertel".

Furnace masonry

It is carried out in several stages:

• A circle is cut out of plywood, which will serve as a template for the first row of masonry (the circle should be cut into several parts in order to facilitate extraction).
• The arch should have a thickness of 12 cm, therefore, with the help of a grinder, the brick must be sawn.
• When the brick laying is completed, it is worth proceeding to entrance arch, which is also modeled using plywood semicircles.
• Many are interested in how to process a brick for a stove so that it is attractive and decorative. To create an attractive appearance ovens, ceramic products can be treated with specially designed grout and latex-based paint.
• If it was decided to organize a domed vault, then it is necessary to carefully monitor its formation. If the option of the Russian stove was chosen, laying the brick will be much faster and easier.

Advice! Regardless of the type of masonry chosen, it is worth using templates various shapes. So you can quickly and most importantly correctly lay out all the rows of bricks.

• A pipe is mounted in a pre-prepared opening, which is fastened with a special solution. It is important to remember that the traction force in the system depends on the chimney pipe.
• The grout of a brick stove is divided into two types: cement and epoxy. The choice is up to the owner of the oven. Thanks to this treatment, it is possible to protect the seams and the masonry itself from the harmful effects of the environment.

This short description the process of building a stove, for those who wish to get more information, a video is available in this article on the topic: “ brick oven with your own hands, where everything is clearly demonstrated: