Fire-prevention isolation of air ducts. Fire protection of air ducts, ventilation and smoke removal systems. Indicators of ultimate fire resistance of air ducts equipped with fire protection "ognemat® teplovent"

Ventilation systems, air ducts and a chimney are perhaps the most important in the building, as they allow people inside the room to breathe, provide constant inflow fresh air and smoke removal, unpleasant odors etc.

This section presents the fire protection of air ducts and smoke exhaust, which is necessary for all these systems to work efficiently and smoothly.

Thermal insulation of chimneys

This section of the catalog presents refractory materials for chimney insulation.

The fire protection of the chimney, on the one hand, protects the building and the people in it from fire, and on the other hand, it protects the chimney itself, since without reliable isolation it wears out much faster.

Insulating a chimney in a ceiling begins with a well-organized design of the chimney itself and the pipe. It is important that the temperature at the junction of the pipe with the roof does not exceed 50°C. If you want a brick pipe, then in order to comply with this condition, you will have to make it very thick. That is why many prefer metal pipes.

Subsequently, it is very important to sheathe the entire box with insulating materials that will protect both from fire and from elevated temperatures, as well as from condensation and other possible negative influences. For protection, materials such as fire-retardant boards Termoizol, Superizol, Silka, etc. are used. It is important that the materials are non-combustible!

High-quality fire protection of smoke exhaust is necessary wherever heating is carried out using stoves or fireplaces. And, of course, the isolation of the chimney of the bath deserves special attention, since today there are saunas and baths in almost every suburban area.

Fire insulation of air ducts

Another important and extensive topic is the fire insulation of air ducts. Here we are talking about almost every building, whether it is a residential building or a restaurant, an office center or a music club, etc.

Fire insulation of air ducts is necessary because this system, as it were, permeates the entire building, connecting various rooms, which means that in the event of a fire and lack of insulation, the air duct can be quickly destroyed, which will play a tragic role for people in the premises.

Modern materials for fire protection of air ducts are represented by a wide group of mineral wool boards, pierced mats, roll insulation and other products that can reliably protect these systems from fire and high temperatures.

As a rule, the price of these products is not so high, and the degree of protection they provide is simply priceless!

In construction, there is a special type of objects that require increased ignition protection factors. These include medical buildings, children's institutions, industrial buildings. All in the private sector more people They try to make their homes not only warm, but also safe. Non-combustible thermal insulation is ideal for this.

fire retardant material

Types and features of non-combustible heaters

There is a large selection of refractory materials, of which the following can be distinguished:

Mineral wool

The most popular type of insulation with high refractory qualities. Produced from metal slags and residual production of mountain steams. Has a fibrous structure. Available in mats, rolls, plates. There are several varieties of this product:

• Slag. Produced from the remains of blast-furnace slag, which turn into a long fibrous material with a thickness of 0.05 mm. The fibers are treated with a binder and formed into plates. Differs in high coefficient of heat saving and low sound conductivity. Resistant to temperatures over 300 degrees.

• glass fibre. Its characteristics directly depend on chemical composition. Increased resistance to high temperature has a continuous glass fiber made of quartz alkali-free glass.
• . Thermal insulation material obtained from silicate and volcanic rocks with the addition of basalt chips. It has excellent heat saving characteristics, as well as an increased fire resistance coefficient. Produced in the form of cylinders or plates.

• Basalt. Greyish-beige needle fiber made from mineral threads. She took her excellent properties from basalt rock. It is non-flammable. Resistant even to direct fire. It is not liked by rodents and microorganisms. It has excellent water repellency.

These characteristics allowed mineral wool to become one of the most popular heaters in places with an increased risk of fire.

Expanded clay

Loose, environmentally friendly insulation, made by foaming clay rocks. It is one of the most popular heaters for buildings for various purposes. It looks like small granules. Thermal conductivity indicators depend on the density of the bubbles inside. It is a fireproof material.

The positive aspects of this heater also include:

• Strength. This figure varies by brand. For gravel, the density will be 2.5 MPa, for crushed stone -1.6 MPa.
• Good thermal conductivity. The coefficient varies from 0.1 to 0.18 W/m.
• Moisture absorption.
• Soundproofing. Good absorption of sounds and vibrations makes it an excellent wall insulation.
• Fire resistance. The material is made by firing, so it is not afraid of high temperatures. It does not melt or ignite.

Separately, foam glass stands out among non-combustible heaters. This modern thermal insulation material hit the construction market quite recently. It is obtained by foaming silicate glass and coal with the addition of acetone. In European countries, the material has long become a recognized leader among refractory heat insulators.

Foam glass

In the features of a material, you can also record its resistance to temperature extremes. Foam glass has high technical characteristics, which practically do not change over time.

Available in slabs and as bulk material(small crumbs). Foam glass blocks insulate plinths, foundations, facades of buildings and internal walls. The crumb is used as bulk insulator for old roofs and for pipe insulation.

TO positive qualities this material can also be added:

• Long service life. Manufacturers claim that it can last up to 100 years.
• He is not afraid of either sudden changes in temperature or bad weather conditions.
• Strength. It is not subject to deformation, retains its qualities under any conditions.
• Well absorbs sounds and vibration. A block of foam glass is able to drown out the rumble of a tractor engine.
• Refractory. It practically does not burn. Able to tolerate temperatures over 250 degrees. At a higher temperature, it melts, but it does not emit harmful substances.
• Does not attract rodents, will not become a breeding ground for fungus and mold.

It also has some disadvantages:

• High price. This material considered the most expensive of all heaters. This is explained by the complexity of production, which requires large energy costs.
• Low resistance to mechanical stress. On impact or compression, the granules crack.

There are no special requirements for the choice of this insulation, since it has recently appeared on the market and is not widely used. However, there are some recommendations that you should heed:

• Before buying, try to accurately calculate the amount of material. The calculation is carried out taking into account the upper dew point. It should be located inside the formation, and the adjacent wall should not cool below 4-5 degrees. Then there will be no condensation.
• Carefully study the structure of foam glass blocks. It should be homogeneous, and the plates themselves should be the same size.
• Purchase products from foreign manufacturers, as Russian production badly adjusted.

Perlite

A unique, lightweight insulation made from glass-like volcanic rock. The production technology takes place with strong heating of raw materials. During heat treatment, it swells and increases in size. This gives perlite excellent insulating characteristics.

The material is famous for a number of special positive qualities:

• Ease. The special foam structure allows it to be used in metal and wooden structures without weighing them down.
• Resistance to high temperatures makes it possible to use it as insulation for pipes or roofs.
• Due to its fine-grained structure, it fits tightly and fills all the cracks and cavities, therefore it is ideal for warming old attic spaces.
• Due to its resistance to high temperatures, it is perfect for installing underfloor heating.

Note that perlite does not absorb moisture well, has low vapor permeability, so it should not be used in places with high humidity. The disadvantages also include the complexity of carrying out work associated with the release of aluminum dust when laying this insulation. Therefore, a respirator and special clothing are required.

The material is produced in the form of plates, dry mix and sand. On sale you can find a special roofing variety, which is called bitumen perlite. The material is highly flexible, capable of covering structures of various shapes.

Vermiculite

The development of new technologies has made it possible to create a modern insulation called vermiculite. For its production, hydromica is used, which is heated to a temperature of 500-1000 degrees, causing rock stratification. Thanks to the expansion technology, the volume of raw materials obtained is increased by 20 times. The product is produced in the form of pressed plates and dry heat filler.

Expanded vermiculite has a porous base, so its weight is small. Also, the material has the following technical characteristics:

• The thermal conductivity coefficient ranges from 0.05 to 0.09 W/m*K.
• The melting point starts at 1300 degrees. This quality can be attributed to refractory heaters.
• It has high hardness and durability due to the properties of mica.
• It has good sound and thermal conductivity.
• Long service life. The manufacturer claims a service life of more than 80 years.
• The material does not rot, does not decompose, is not interesting for rodents and mold, does not enter into chemical reactions with alkaline and acidic substances.

Thanks to these qualities, vermiculite is widely used as a heater for walls and floors. This natural material relatively cheap. The most expensive are slabs or blocks. The price of one plate is about 1700 rubles. The cost of a cubic meter of dry filling starts from 6 thousand rubles.

Given the many varieties of refractory thermal insulation material, the question arises about the selection criteria.

• One of the main criteria for buyers is the price. Expanded clay is also the cheapest.
• Since the emphasis is on fire resistance, carefully read the packaging, which indicates all specifications material, including flammability.
• For insulation, an important criterion is thermal insulation. For walls and floors, this figure should not be higher than 0.08 W / m.
• It is also worth considering the region of residence. How harsher than winter, the thermal conductivity coefficient should be high.
• Pay attention to vapor permeability and water absorption. From these indicators depends on how much condensate will be collected.

Isovent ® - combined fire protective covering based on basalt roll material, laminated with aluminum foil, and adhesive composition PVK-2002. At the request of the customer, the material is laminatedaluminum foil, polyester reinforced aluminum foil or other type of covering material (metal mesh, glass, basalt or silica fabrics, etc.).

Fire resistance and coating thickness

Isovent ® is used for fire protection of air ducts in ventilation and smoke exhaust systems.

Ease

Basalt fire-retardant material Isovent ® has a low density, as a result of which it provides a minimum load on the air ducts.

Environmental friendliness

Isovent ® is non-toxic and does not form toxic compounds with other substances. Does not contain phenol-formaldehyde resins.

"3 in 1"

Fireproof material Isovent ® provides the air duct with additional heat and sound insulation.

Durability

The service life of the fire-retardant material Isovent ® is comparable to the service life of an air duct.

Installation

The adhesive composition PVC-2002 is applied to the air ducts. A basalt roll material is applied to the wet layer of the composition and wrapped around the air duct. At the joints, the material is overlapped with an overlap of at least 50 mm. The edges of the roll material are fixed with aluminum tape.

Elements of fastening air ducts to enclosing structures (studs, brackets) are also protected with Isovent ® material.

More detailed description works you will find in the Technological regulations.

Air ducts are an important component of the climate control system, responsible for the supply of air into the room and its removal. Such systems are arranged in residential buildings, warehouses and industrial premises, offices, shopping malls. The main goal of the organization of ventilation and air conditioning systems is to create the most comfortable climate conditions in the premises with minimal energy costs. The solution to this problem is provided by high-quality insulation of air ducts of ventilation systems. Various types of insulation are used to protect air ducts - thermal, fire, sound insulation, insulation that prevents the formation of condensate. For each type of insulation, various materials, most of which are capable of solving complex problems.

Thermal insulation of air ducts

The use of thermal insulation for air ducts makes it possible to reduce the loss of heat leaving the room to the outside through ventilation, thereby reducing heating costs. Thermal insulation is arranged on the external elements of ventilation systems to limit and control heat losses.

In various sections of the air ducts, the thermal insulation device makes it possible to solve the following tasks:

• When moving warm air flows through extended sections of ventilation systems, it is necessary to ensure that their temperature is maintained at a certain level. The type of thermal insulation and its thickness are determined using thermal engineering calculations based on specifications ventilation operation.
• Thermal insulation is also necessary for air ducts transporting cold air. This measure is necessary to protect cold air flows from heating. warm air surrounding ventilation ducts. In the absence of thermal insulation, the efficiency of the air conditioning system is significantly reduced. Properly arranged thermal insulation makes it possible to achieve the specified temperature conditions and ensures the compliance of the ventilation and air conditioning system without additional settings.

In order to ensure thermal insulation of air ducts of climate systems, the following types of insulation are successfully used: materials based on basalt fiber, glass wool, foamed rubber, foamed polyethylene, most often coated with aluminum foil, foil mineral wool mats.

Thermal insulation can be both internal and external, however, it does not make sense to consider the disadvantages and advantages of internal insulation - in practice, no one insulates air ducts from the inside.

The thickness of the duct insulation is determined temperature regime, humidity, aggressiveness and other factors environment. Insulation thickness calculations should only be carried out by qualified personnel. The calculation formula is specified in SNIP 2.04.14-88, which can be downloaded from the link below:

SNIP 2.04.14-88*. Thermal insulation equipment and pipelines. .

Device for isolating air ducts from condensation

A serious problem in the operation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is the formation of condensate on the surface of air ducts that transport colder air than the air in the room.

Condensation on air ducts, especially in rooms with high humidity, causes the formation of water droplets that can damage floors, walls and ceilings. Gradually, condensate becomes the cause of the failure of the duct.

Condensation can be avoided by providing an insulating layer of sufficient thickness so that the temperature outer surface insulation was not lower than the air temperature in the room. A feature of such insulation is the need for a surface vapor barrier layer, the purpose of which is to protect the insulation from moisture ingress into it. Most often, foil insulating coatings are used for this purpose. As the basis of the insulating layer, basalt fiber, foamed rubber and polyethylene, fiberglass can be used.

All joints of the foil insulation layer must be carefully taped with foil adhesive tape. For additional fixation of rolled insulation, a wire or steel tape is used.

Fireproof insulation of air ducts

Due to the fact that ventilation ducts connect different types of premises, they must be protected by a layer of fireproof insulating materials without fail. This measure is necessary to prevent the destruction of the air duct from external fire in case of a building fire.

Fire insulation of air ducts can be carried out using mineral wool pierced mats and slabs, cylinders made of basalt fiber.

• Mineral wool boards are used for square-section air ducts; during installation, they are fixed with studs and fixing washers or special screws.
• Stitched mats can be used for both round and rectangular air ducts. Between themselves, the mats are sewn together with wire. The length of the sewing mat for trimming is selected depending on the diameter of the duct. The use of foil mats increases the functionality of the insulation layer and improves the appearance of the duct.

If vertically located air ducts have a significant length, fire insulation is additionally fixed to the ceiling or other building structures. For fastening use steel wire or special steel plates. Methods for fixing fire-retardant insulation to building elements are determined by building and fire regulations.

To fix the fire insulation of rectangular air ducts to the building structures, use various types hairpins.

If the distance between the duct and the ceiling made of fire resistant materials less than required for the placement of the insulating layer, then it is allowed to leave the upper surface of the duct without insulation. If this distance is equal to the thickness of the insulation layer, then the upper surface of the duct can be partially insulated.

IN Lately for increase fire safety air ducts use flame retardants, which appearance similar to paint formulations. They are applied to the surface of the air ducts with a brush, roller, using an airbrush. In case of fire under the influence of high temperatures, the protective coating swells to form a fire-resistant barrier.

Air duct soundproofing device

Details of ventilation systems can become sources of unwanted noise, from which it is necessary to protect the ventilated rooms of the building. The main noise generator is the fan blades. In addition to the main ones, there are additional sources of sounds: dampers, valves, other mechanisms with rotating elements. The inherent turbulence of the flow can also create noise and, in addition, provoke resonant vibrations. Such turbulent flows appear in places where the direction and section of air ducts change.

Part of the noise and vibration can be eliminated due to the properties of the material from which the air duct is made. This function is most effectively performed by flexible hoses, partially - ventilation ducts from polymeric materials. Noise and vibrations travel the most through metal ducts. Therefore, with increased requirements for the noise level in the room, a sound insulation device is necessary. In some cases, duct silencers are an acceptable solution.

An ideal option for organizing a noise-protective layer, due to the fibrous structure and optimal density, is the use of insulation based on basalt or fiberglass.

Noise reduction can be achieved with boards with a special coating made of fiberglass nonwoven fabric or fiberglass. Such plates are installed inside the duct, the joints are closed with a metal profile.

Brief characteristics of materials used for duct insulation

Based on market analysis results building materials and consumer demand, there are a number of popular materials used for the installation of an insulating layer of air ducts:

• For insulation of air ducts of small and medium diameter, materials based on foamed polyethylene, consisting of polyethylene foam with a closed-cell structure, are widely used. The most progressive is foamed polyethylene, covered with a layer of aluminum foil, which has a reflective effect. This material is chemically resistant, environmentally friendly, effective for sound, heat, steam and waterproofing. Foiled PPE on one side can have a layer of moisture-resistant glue that allows you to fix the insulation on metal surfaces and other materials. Common brands of insulating material in this group are Penofol, Isolon, Adgilin M, Mielterm.
• A modern insulating material is foamed rubber, which, along with the insulation of building structures, is used to protect air ducts from heat loss. Foamed rubber has a closed porous structure, has a high resistance to water vapor diffusion. For insulation of elements of ventilation and air conditioning systems, foamed rubber is used in the form of tubes of the Kaiflex EF and Kaiflex EPDM brands. The insulating rubber coating can be produced in the form of rolls and sheets - "Kaiflex Protect". These materials can be produced in foil, with a self-adhesive layer or with a combination of foil and adhesive layer.
• For thermal insulation of climate systems, mineral wool is most widely used, which has good heat saving performance and high fire resistance. To protect large-section air ducts, mineral wool mats are used, which are produced: foil, laminated, lamella, pierced. Most famous brands this type of air duct insulation: Paroc, Nobasil, Izover, Rockwool, TechnoNIKOL.

All insulating materials for air ducts differ from each other in characteristics and cost. However, it should be remembered that high-quality insulation should, if possible, provide comprehensive protection of the duct to extend the life of the entire climate control system.

Today, our plant produces two types of fire protection for ventilation systems:

• (with a fire resistance limit of EI 30 - 180) a two-component integrated fire protection system consisting of rolled MBOR basalt material and Kleber fire retardant adhesive.

The main advantages of fire protection of air ducts:

Aesthetics (no external fasteners are required, except for aluminum tape for sealing joints, the material looks smooth, beautiful) and the ability to mount in hard-to-reach places, for example, if the air duct is located close to the wall at a distance of 1-2 cm. In such cases, you can apply glue with necessary expense directly on the material, stretch the resulting workpiece between the duct and the wall and fix it on the duct.

• Heat (with a fire resistance limit of EI 60 - 180) - a heat and fire retardant coating, is a stitched mat made of super-thin basalt fiber (BSTV) without the addition of a binder.

The main difference and advantage of this material- improved thermal insulation properties. Where a big difference temperature of the environment and the transported air in the air duct, to prevent overheating / cooling of the transported air and the formation of condensate and corrosion of the metal, it is better to use this material. For example, if the air duct runs along the street, where in winter the temperature can drop to -30°C, and the temperature in the ventilation system must not be lower than +20°C.

Non-combustible fire protection of ventilation based on basalt fibers solves the following tasks:

1. increases the stability of structures in case of fire (fire resistance limit)
2. the development and spread of fire in buildings and structures (loss of integrity and bearing capacity) is prevented.

Basalt mats are flexible and, as a result, have a tight fit to the protected object. Installation of fire protection and thermal insulation of air ducts is simple and meets all the requirements of SNiP and fire safety.

The sizes of basalt mats are produced 1.2 m wide and 6 - 20 meters long. The mats are additionally lined with foil, metal mesh, glass, basalt or silica fabric. This provides the material additional protection and, at the same time, aesthetic appearance.

As a fastening, a metal mesh, a bandage of steel wire or tape is used and adhesive compositions immune to fire.

BOS creates secure solutions that are now trusted by large enterprises throughout Russia. Our products can be purchased in Kazan, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Samara, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don and other cities of the country. A large volume of production and the constant availability of goods in the warehouse allow us to maintain an optimal ratio of quality and price.

If you have any questions or need advice, please contact the BOS manager in your region.