Cerapadus are the children of cherry and bird cherry. Description and characteristics of cerepadus, beneficial properties of a hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, planting and care

Cerapadus - children of cherry and bird cherry

Cerapadus are hybrids between cherry and bird cherry. Their name is the first syllable of the Latin name for cherry ("Cerasus") and bird cherry ("Padus"). Cerapaduses are plants obtained from the pollination of cherry flowers with bird cherry pollen (cherry and bird cherry); if, on the contrary, bird cherry flowers (cherry and bird cherry) were pollinated with cherry pollen, then the hybrids are called “padoceruses”.

The first person to receive cerapaduses was I.V. Michurin. In an effort to increase the winter hardiness of cherries, he decided to introduce into their heredity, as they say now, the winter hardiness gene of bird cherry, for which he crossed the cherry with the Maak bird cherry. To be fair, I note that now scientists are inclined to mistake this type of bird cherry for a cherry.

Cerapadus with its clusters of fruits resembles a bird cherry, and their size resembles a cherry. The cerapadus obtained by I. V. Michurin had from 3 to 6 fruits in the hands, each weighing 1-1.5 g. The taste of the fruits varies: from indigestible, literally cinchona-like, in some trees, to relatively pleasant in others. I.V. Michurin predicted a great future for this plant for the development of new especially productive varieties of cherries, the fruits of which will be arranged in clusters, like bird cherry, and not alone or in pairs, as is the case with cherries.

Interest in cerapaduses arose again in the sixties, when a crushing fungal disease- coccomycosis. It is expressed in the fact that in June reddish-brown spots appear on the leaves. Leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely, and trees weaken and freeze even in relatively warm winters. One of the ways to save cherries is to create winter-hardy, coccomycosis-resistant rootstocks for them. This is where we remembered the cerapaduses. They precisely possess these qualities, and cherry, being one of their ancestors, grafts well onto them. Years of persistent work, and at the Oryol Experimental Station (now VNIISPK), breeder A.F. Kolesnikova created cerapadus, which became the first rootstock for cherries - VP-1, and a little later OVP-2, OVP-3 and Rubin. These rootstocks are truly coccomycosis-resistant, winter-hardy, and trees grafted onto them are characterized by high productivity. All these rootstocks are included in the State Register.

In the joint work of the Crimean OSS VNIIR and VSTISP (Moscow), using Michurin cerapadus No. 1, clonal rootstocks of medium height for cherries - VTs-13 and LC-52 - were obtained. The productivity of trees on these rootstocks is high. Particularly interesting is the LC-52 rootstock, which, in comparison with VTs-13, is more resistant to coccomycosis and produces less shoots.

But scientists have not forgotten I.V. Michurin’s predictions that cerapaduses in the future will obviously produce completely new ones for cultivation in gardens. independent species. And this prophecy also came true. A.F. Kolesnikova obtained the first forms of cerapadus in history with completely edible fruits. I say this with full responsibility - I myself tried everything in her collection garden. They are distinguished by high resistance to coccomycosis, winter hardiness, productivity and, although they are inferior to cherries in terms of fruit quality, they are quite suitable for technical processing. With the inclusion of cerapaduses in repeated crossings with cherries (by the way, this took more than 20 years), A.F. Kolesnikova received the already popular varieties Dolgozhdannaya and Novella, which, although classified as cherries, are in fact nothing more than cerapaduses . The fruits of these varieties are cherry in size and have quite a cherry taste, the number in the cluster is 3-4.

Variety Novella included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the Central Black Earth Region. It is characterized by increased resistance to coccomycosis and partial self-fertility. No less important is the winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds. The ripening period is mid-early. Fruits weighing up to 5 g, almost black, taste rating - 4.2 points. Productivity 15 kg per tree. A variety for universal use.

Professor A.F. Kolesnikova continued her work with cerapaduses in Orlovsky state university, where I got interesting forms Pedagogical Institute . True, their fruits are smaller than cherries, but there are 6 pieces per cluster. Taste rating - 4 points.

At the Moscow Institute of Horticulture (VSTISiP), with the participation of Cerapadus No. 1, a variety was created Rusinka . It is distinguished by the high winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds. Self-fertile. This circumstance ensures that, for example, in Moscow, it bears fruit every year. Here Rusinka gave its usual (8-10 kg per tree) harvest even after the last two treacherous winters. The ripening period is late. The fruits are medium-sized (3.0 g), almost black, sweet and sour (taste rating 4.0 points). They are quite suitable for fresh consumption, but still primarily for technical purposes.

Much work with cerapaduses was carried out by O. V. Zhukov at VNIIGiSPR (Michurinsk). The bird cherry-cherry hybrid padocerus-M was bred here, which served as the initial form for creating the cherry variety Diamond . In turn, Almaz became the ancestor of a wonderful variety named by O. V. Zhukov Kharitonovskaya (after the name of his mother, who helped him in his work). The variety is included in the State Register for the Central Black Earth region. An unexpected death interrupted the work of the breeder, but his work continues, and varieties have already been isolated from the padoceruses he received Firebird, Crown, Aksamit.

This is how the prophecy of I.V. Michurin comes true, and the cerapaduses gain strength and as a man-made fruit crop, and as stable rootstocks for cherries.

The appearance of hybrids of cherries and related crops is due to the eternal desire of breeders to develop new plants with impeccable characteristics: high-yielding, fast-growing and early-bearing, with large delicious fruits resistant to frost and common diseases.

Sweet and sour cherry or duque

If various varieties ordinary or are already growing in your garden, and your soul requires something unusual, try planting cherry hybrids crossed with cherries, bird cherry or plums. The fruits of such hybrids combine beneficial features both parent plants and have a peculiar taste - sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes specific, for everyone.

Alas, the hopes of breeders have not yet been realized - the hybrids of cherries and bird cherry, cherries or plums that have been developed have not earned enthusiastic reviews from gardeners. Despite the improved characteristics, hybrids still could not significantly surpass mother plants in terms of taste, and they also have certain disadvantages.

Video about cerapadus from flowers to berries

Cherries are valued by gardeners for their high winter hardiness and compactness, but many people find their fruits too sour. Sweet cherries, on the contrary, bear tasty sweet fruits of larger sizes, and are more resistant to diseases than cherries. Breeders have long dreamed of combining these advantages in one plant, but most often crossing cherries and sweet cherries led to the creation of sterile hybrids, which after abundant flowering no fruit was set.

The first fruitful hybrids of cherries and sweet cherries appeared in the 17th century in Western Europe; in Russia they were given the short name “ducks” in honor of the English old variety May Duke. But the European dukes turned out to be unstable in the harsh Russian winters. And only at the end of the 19th century in Russia, Michurin developed a domestic hybrid of cherries and cherries, Krasa Severa, characterized by increased winter hardiness.

Cherries are valued by gardeners for their high winter hardiness and compactness, but many people find their fruits too sour.

Of course, modern varieties of cherry-cherry hybrids are much superior to Beauty of the North in terms of yield, taste and fruit size. Currently, in Russian gardens, the most common varieties of cherry are Chudo Cherry, Meteor, Early English, Igrushka, Shalunya, Nochka, Sesstrenka, Vstrecha, Chernyavka, Late Shpanka. And breeders do not stop there, continuing to cross some dukes with others, dukes with cherries or dukes with cherries.

Among the advantages of modern cherry varieties:

fairly large fruit sizes (from 10 to 17 g);
sweet taste of fruits with a pleasant light sourness;
rich cherry aroma;
abundant fruiting;
winter hardiness is higher than that of cherries;
good resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Breeders do not stop there, continuing to cross some dukes with others, dukes with cherries or dukes with cherries

Cerapadus and Padocerus

These frightening Latin words hide the names of amazing fruit trees - cherry-bird cherry hybrids (cherry in Latin “Padus”, cherry in Latin “Cerasus”). The difference is that when a cherry is pollinated by bird cherry, a hybrid is obtained cerapadus, and if, on the contrary, cherry pollen gets on bird cherry flowers, a hybrid is formed padocerus. It is worth noting that crossing cherries is only possible with Japanese bird cherry; ordinary bird cherry and Virginia bird cherry do not produce hybrids.

A hybrid of cherry and bird cherry was also developed by I.V. Michurin at the beginning of the 20th century. Only one form of cerapadus out of three obtained by Michurin has survived to this day. But on the basis of cerapadus, several varieties of cherries have been created, which have received resistance to coccomycosis from bird cherry. In addition, hybrids of cherries and bird cherry make excellent rootstocks for southern varieties of cherries, providing the trees with frost resistance, vigorous growth and a powerful root system.

Cerapadus

Popular varieties of cerapadus with tasseled fruits similar in size and taste to cherries: Vstrecha, Dolgozhdannaya, Rusinka and Novella.

Not everyone likes the taste of the fruits of hybrids of cherries and bird cherry, so most often the fruits are used for technical processing.

Cherry with plum flavor

Growing plums in Russian gardens is complicated by the fact that fruit tree It often freezes, causing the crop to suffer greatly. Due to this good option For gardeners, there can be a plum-cherry hybrid, which combines the winter hardiness and unpretentiousness of cherries, the size and amazing taste of plums with a slight taste of cherries, as well as drought resistance, early fruiting and high yield.

Cherry plum

Plum-cherry hybrids obtained from Bessey's sandy creeping cherry and different types plums are compact bushes various shapes with a developed root system and beautiful fruits that appear in the second or third year. It is convenient to care for short trees, and they take up very little space in the garden. Due to late flowering, cherry plums are practically not exposed to spring frosts, and if this happens, the ovaries are almost not damaged, and fruiting is maintained.

The fruits of plum-cherry hybrids, which ripen towards the end of summer, have a bright aroma, look attractive, their taste depends on the variety, but still looks more like a plum. Cherry plum jams and compotes turn out excellent!

Disadvantages of the plum-cherry hybrid:

the fruits ripen almost simultaneously and quickly deteriorate on the branches;
Cherry plum fruits are inferior in taste and size to plums;
The fruit pit is difficult to separate from the pulp.

In domestic gardens, such varieties of cherry plums are common as Manor, Novinka, Pyramidalnaya, Beta, Opata, Far Eastern Dessert, Samotsvet.

Apparently, it is in human nature not to “wait for favors from nature,” but to create varieties and species of plants with attractive properties on their own, artificially. The appearance of hybrids is proof of this.

What is a hybrid

The term “hybrid” in botany refers to an organism obtained by crossing different forms. As a result, the genetic material of different cells is combined into one single cell.

Of course, there are known cases of natural hybridization: for example, grapefruit is the result of a natural crossing of a pomelo and an orange, but in the vast majority of cases this is a carefully controlled process. A hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, tangerine and orange, peach and nectarine, plum and apricot - all these are the results of many years of painstaking work by biologists.

The purpose of obtaining hybrids in botany

The desire of breeders to experiment with breeding hybrids of various fruit plants explained by the desire to improve their initial characteristics: yield, resistance to pests and immunity to diseases, frost resistance, as well as to obtain new taste qualities, improve appearance or improve transportability.

Cherry hybrids

Cherry is a popular plant, so breeders could not ignore it. Several successful cherry hybrids are known. First, sour cherries can be crossed with sour cherries. The hybrid is called Duke and has increased winter hardiness and resistance to certain diseases, as well as sweeter fruits than cherries. The cherry-plum hybrid is very beautiful during flowering, tolerates frost well and does not require careful care. There is also a hybrid of cherry and plum, the fruits of which have a unique dual taste. Finally, the work of breeders in crossing cherries with Japanese Maaka bird cherry can be called successful. We will dwell on this hybrid in more detail.

Padocerus or Cerapadus?

The hybrid of cherry and bird cherry is not very widely known. As a rule, novice gardeners have not heard anything about it at all. However, by crossing these plants, you can get two interspecific hybrids: padocerus and cerapadus. These names may seem somewhat tricky and worthy of dinosaurs rather than fruit trees, but in fact everything is simple and logical: they are derived from the Latin names of cherry (Cerasus) and bird cherry (Padus). Figuratively speaking, cerapadus is a hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, whose mother is a cherry and whose father is a bird cherry. This option turned out to be more successful and has become more widespread in gardening. If bird cherry flowers are pollinated by cherry pollen, the result will be padocerus.

It must be said that only the Japanese bird cherry Maaka is suitable for crossing with cherries, combining the characteristics of both bird cherry and cherry, but having bitter fruits. In some sources it is now classified as a cherry, although it would be fairer to say that it occupies a certain intermediate position between these species.

Features of the hybrid: appearance and properties

The hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, the photo of which is presented in the article, is more like bird cherry, and its fruits are located on the tree in clusters: several pieces on one stalk, and not singly or in pairs, as is the case with cherries. The berries are dark, almost black, juicy, and taste from sour-bitter to sour-sweet. Externally, the fruits of cerepadus resemble cherries to a greater extent.

Initially, as a result of selection in the 20s of the last century, Michurin obtained 3 types of cerapadus: No. 1 (from steppe cherry and Maak bird cherry), large cerapadus (Ideal was used) and sweet cerapadus. The fruits of Cerapadus No. 1 were not only bitter, but also poisonous, as they contained hydrocyanic acid.

The hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, even now, after many years of work by breeders, produces fruits that are not particularly sweet. Interestingly, the more frost-resistant the cerapaduses are, the more bitter their berries are.

Repeated crossing of cerapadus with cherries led to the emergence of popular varieties. For example, the cerapadus varieties Dolgozhdnaya and Novella have fruits with a completely “cherry” taste and size, the Pedinstitutskaya variety is distinguished by large clusters of berries, and Rusinka has particularly high winter hardiness and fruits that are quite suitable for fresh consumption. Most often, the cerapadus crop has a technical purpose and is used for juices and syrups.

The value of cerapadus

The hybrid of cherry and bird cherry is valued because it really has high resistance to frost and has a very well developed root system. Another important property - the resistance of cerapadus to diseases - was remembered in the 60s of the last century, when coccomycosis struck cherry orchards - a disease in which leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. early summer, and the trees themselves weaken and do not survive the winter. In this case, cerapaduses are successfully used as a rootstock for seedlings of varietal cherries, at the same time significantly increasing their frost resistance.

Note: the rootstock is the plant to which a cutting with a bud of the variety of interest to the gardener is grafted. The rootstock plays very well important role: it provides complete nutrition to the upper part of the plant, i.e. the scion.

Care and reproduction

As for care, cerapaduses are very unpretentious, they can grow anywhere and on any soil, special attention do not require treatment with fungicides. Care comes down to pruning, which forms a bush or tree crown, and weeding the tree trunk circle. Regular feeding is also not necessary.

Cerapaduses reproduce, as befits hybrids, exclusively by cuttings, in order to avoid splitting of acquired characteristics.

Hybrid of bird cherry and cherry: beneficial properties

Cherry fruits have a very rich composition: vitamins A, C, E and group B, organic acids, micro- and macroelements. IN folk medicine Cherries are used as an expectorant, antipyretic, antiviral and bactericidal agent, as well as for the prevention of heart disease. reduces blood clotting and increases hemoglobin.

Bird cherry fruits thanks high content tannins are very effective as a fixative, while normalizing intestinal function and improving the condition of the stomach walls. Bird cherry is also used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Maak's bird cherry is generally extremely rich in biologically active substances.

It is impossible to say for sure whether Cerapadus inherited absolutely all the beneficial properties of both of its “parents,” but it is reliably known that a decoction of its berries has a pronounced antipyretic effect, and the fruits themselves have a rich chemical composition.

Hybrid of bird cherry and cherry: culinary recipes

Cerapadus fruits are a storehouse of vitamins, so even those who are not good at cooking can always simply freeze the berries to use them for compote or fruit drink in winter. In general, if the question arises about what to cook from a hybrid of bird cherry and cherry, it is enough to use any traditional recipe in which its “parents” appear. Thus, you can make jam, make tinctures and liqueurs, or you can use these sour berries as a filling for pies and pancakes.

Cerapadus is a plant obtained by pollinating cherry trees with pollen from bird cherry trees. A hybrid of bird cherry and cherry was obtained by I.V. Michurin and is currently quite often cultivated in home gardening. If cerapadus is obtained by pollinating cherry flowers with bird cherry pollen, then such a hybrid is called padocerus.

Description and characteristics

Bird cherry crossed with cherry is a tree with a powerful and well-developed root system. By appearance the plant is more reminiscent of bird cherry, which blooms in the early spring period and forms fruits more like small cherries.

Taste qualities berries vary greatly depending on varietal characteristics. Some forms produce tart and inedible fruits, and some varieties are characterized by fruits with pleasant, sour-sweet pulp. From bird cherry, Cerapadus inherited high levels of winter hardiness and sufficient resistance to most diseases, including coccomycosis. The main value of this garden crop is the ability to use it as a strong and frost-resistant rootstock for grafting varietal plants.

The best varieties

Breeders have developed several varieties of Cerapadus and Padocerus, which very successfully combine decent annual yield, unpretentiousness and a high level of winter hardiness. In home gardening, the most in demand are varieties and hybrid forms that are self-fertile and frost-resistant.

Variety name	Fruit	Botanical description	Varietal features
"Novella"	Mid-early variety with almost black berries weighing up to 5 g	The plant is vigorous, with a very powerful root system	Increased resistance to coccomycosis and partial self-fertility
"Rusinka"	The berries are small, weighing no more than 3 g, almost black, sweet and sour taste	Plant no more than 2.5−3.5 m high, with a relatively compact crown	Self-fertile variety with high level winter hardiness of wood and flower buds
"Firebird"	Medium-large, dark coral, glossy, rounded heart-shaped, with moderate density. The taste is sweet and harmonious	A plant no more than 2.5 m high, with a compact, tightly compressed and dense crown	Regular good yield and average resistance to winter frosts
"Crown"	Arranged in groups, the taste is harmonious and pleasant, sweet, with slight sourness	Shrub plant with great strength growth	Comprehensive sustainability, prospects and good yield
"Long awaited"	Round, dark cherry. The pulp is dark red, tender, juicy and dense. The stone is large, easily separated from the pulp	Below average vigor, with a strong root system and rounded crown	Annual and abundant fruiting

Not all gardeners and consumers like the taste of the fruits of hybrid forms of cherries and bird cherry, so the harvested crop is used for all types of technical processing.

Cerapadus: growing (video)

Landing rules

Cerapadus seedlings can be planted both in spring and early autumn period. The plant has sufficient winter hardiness and takes root well before the onset of winter cold. The technology for planting cerapadus is as follows:

Seedlings planted in April take root best;
for planting, a place well lit by the sun should be allocated without drafts or cold gusty winds;
for cultivation, it is advisable to select an area with reaction-neutral soil with average or increased fertility indicators;
if necessary, preliminary deep digging of the soil is carried out with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers, the composition and quantity of which may vary depending on the type of soil;

planting pits for spring planting of berry seedlings should be prepared in the fall;
the standard diameter of the planting hole should be approximately 70 cm with a depth of half a meter;
average distance between planting pits should not be less than 2.5−3 m, which will provide the nutritional area necessary for the plant;
two buckets of well-rotted humus or manure with potassium and phosphate fertilizer should be poured into the bottom of the pit;
Before planting, the root system of the seedling should be immersed in water to saturate the roots with moisture before planting.

After planting, the plant must be watered with two or three buckets. warm water and then mulch trunk circle peat. The plant can be used as a very good rootstock for growing seedlings or as a skeleton-forming plant.

Cerapadus is less demanding on growing conditions and does not require additional measures to protect against fungal diseases. Agricultural technology includes the following activities:

Cerapadus can be formed in the form of a trunk or multi-stemmed shrub. To lay the first tier, pruning is carried out at a height of 60–70 cm. Three or four of the most developed side shoots should be left. In subsequent years, tiers for the second and third orders are formed.

Sanitary pruning involves removing dry, diseased and broken branches y. To protect against diseases and pests, spring spraying crowns with “Horus”, 1% Bordeaux mixture, “Planriz” and “Alirin-B”. As chemical insecticides It is recommended to use Kinmiks and Fufanon.

How to care for cherries (video)

Cerapadus is an excellent rootstock for heat-loving varieties and hybrid forms of cherries. The presence of a powerful root system, high resistance to cold winters, fairly rapid development and growth make the plant attractive to domestic gardeners and allow them to diversify their gardens with southern varieties of cherries.

If you come across it in the market new culture- a hybrid of cherry and bird cherry, be sure to buy it. It doesn’t get sick, it’s more productive, and picking the fruits is a pleasure, since the berries grow in large clusters. Imagine - cherries in a bunch

This hybrid is not very affectionately called - cerapadus (cherry-cherry hybrid) or padacerus (cherry-cherry). It is clear why its varieties are passed off as cherries on the market. After all, the berries are difficult to distinguish. The only thing that gives them away is that they are collected in brushes. The size of the fruit is not inferior to cherries, the taste is no worse. The trees themselves are very winter-hardy, have a powerful root system, due to which they bear fruit abundantly every year and are characterized by increased resistance to disease. And the fruits collected in clusters, like bird cherry, are another plus for growing this crop. Such plants are not afraid of moniliosis, coccomycosis, clasterosporosis and other traditional cherry diseases. By the way, even a crop simply grafted onto bird cherry already becomes more resistant to diseases than on conventional rootstocks. There are few varieties yet, but they are quite good. The most popular varieties now are Dolgozhdnaya, Novella and Vstrecha with fruits the size and taste of cherries and the number of fruits in a cluster of 3–4. They are distinguished by high resistance to coccomycosis, winter hardiness, and productivity. There is one drawback - they are inferior in quality to cherries. But Kharitonovskaya, Firebird, Crown, Aksamit and self-fertile variety Rusinka with almost black sweet fruits are quite competitive (though the sizes are smaller than the best varieties cherries). In general, they cannot completely replace cherries yet, but they need to be planted - they will be great for compotes and jam.