The principle of operation of the closer. Frequent malfunctions of the door closer, self-repair and adjustment. Closer Care

modern doors equipped special device, which saves households from having to slam the door behind them. However, in this case, the door will not slam shut, but will smoothly close behind you without too much noise. We are, of course, talking about the door closer. This small device requires special attention to itself, so it is so important to know how to properly adjust the door closer and carry out timely repairs.

Features of door closers

The problem of open doors can be easily solved by installing a door closer that controls the process of automatically opening and closing the door, closing it without additional force from a person. The need for closers is dictated by quite practical and functional arguments. Let's say you put a massive input metal door. The door leaf has a large mass, and if you do not specifically hold the door when closing, the leaf will hit the loot with great effort.

Door closers provide smooth closing of the door without unnecessary noise, set the speed of closing and opening the door to different areas, and also determine the efforts that a person must make to open the door. The door closer is able to save heat or coolness in the room, as well as ensure the correct operation of the locking device. In addition, door closers with the hold open function support the possibility of fixing open door, which is very useful, since you do not have to put any objects under the open door.

Closers with a delay action mechanism allow the door to be left open for a certain time, after which the door will close normally. This type of device is considered convenient for doors in utility rooms (warehouses, utility rooms, pantries). This model is suitable for opening the door when carrying goods, then taking the load, bringing it into the building, and after this time the door begins to close itself without requiring mechanical effort.

Closers can be installed on ordinary interior and exterior heavy doors, taking into account the weight of the door and the width of the door leaf, as well as the need to adjust the door closer. The heavier your door, the more reliable and powerful the door closer should be for it. by the most simple option mechanism is considered a spring. But such a “closer” works too sharply and is very noisy.

The ideal option is an adjustable design, which is also based on a spring, but it is enclosed in a sealed housing in an oil composition. Principle of operation door closer pretty simple. To open the door, a person applies a certain force, which is mechanically transmitted to the door closer and accumulated by compressing the spring, which is built into the body of the door closer. Then this spring returns to its original position, allowing you to adjust the process of closing the door.

Types of door closers

By design, door closers are divided into lever options, which are equipped with a crank drive, and leverless models with a cam drive.

Inside the lever door closers there is a spring and a hydraulic system that is filled with oil. The hydraulic system acts as a shock absorber. When the door is opened, the spring is compressed, and the liquid is pushed out by the piston from one container to another. After that, the spring straightens, and the oil returns to the first container. Although the hydraulic spring is located in a sealed box, sometimes it starts to leak, which is the first signal to repair the door closer.

Valves are located in the system that regulate the rate of fluid flow and the force at which it will move. They are responsible for the speed and smoothness of closing the door. The door closer device can be complicated by additional valves that provide different door closer functions. For example, keeping the door open for a long time, or creating a latching function to activate the lock or better press the door to the loot.

According to the method of installation, closers are divided into:

closers for surface installation, which are installed on top of the wall, door frame or door leaf, according to the door closer diagram;
for hidden installation, which are mounted inside the door; For floor installation when the closer is hidden in the floor.

If the overhead closer does not fit into the design of the room, you can always install an “invisible” device that will hide in the specified place and be practically invisible. But for overhead models, there are different decorating panels, or they can be painted in the chosen color.

Ways to install a door closer

Installing a door closer does not require special training, so you can easily cope with this task. As a rule, all the necessary parts and tools are included in the delivery. There are four ways to install the door closer, we will consider them in more detail.

The easiest way to install a door closer is described in the instructions for it. It looks something like this: the lever arm is fixed on the body of the device, then, using the template that is attached to the instructions, the places for fastening the screws are marked, then the screws are screwed along this markup. The main thing to remember is that you will also need to adjust the geze door closer.
The second method of mounting a door closer implies the following. It is necessary to attach the door closer to the door in such a way that its adjusting screws are facing the door hinges. Next, you need to fix the shoe of the device with screws that are included with the closer. Remember that the “arm” of the lever of the device must be of such a length that a right angle is obtained relative to the door. The shoulder is attached to the shoe with screws, after which again you will have to think about how to adjust the door closer.
If you follow the third method of installing a parallel arm door closer, then you need to insert the device arm under the door bar, and then fold it outside the room. The door closer in this case is attached using a bracket, which is also included in the delivery. When installing the closer, make sure that the adjusting screws rotate from the hinges in the opposite direction. It is important not to confuse anything during the installation process, otherwise an incorrect installation will lead to the fact that it will not be possible to carry out the optimal adjustment of the door closer.
There are closers that use an adjustable spring. Installing such devices is the easiest: you need to replace the hinge rod with a closer - and you're done. The main thing is that the product corresponds exactly to the weight of the door. If the door leaf is too heavy, and you could not find a suitable closer on sale, you need to install not one, but several closers.

Do-it-yourself door closer repair

Proper operation of the door closer is the key to its conscientious and long work that does not require repair. In order for the door closer to work for a long time, you can not pull or hold the door, thereby helping it close faster or slower. It is not recommended to fix the door by placing various objects under it that prevent it from closing, as well as rolling and hanging or on the door (this applies to children).

To repair the door closer, you need to have at hand the entire necessary tool(hex and wrenches, pliers and a set of screwdrivers). Before proceeding with the repair of the device, an external inspection of the door should be carried out, since its distortions or damage will interfere with the normal operation of the door closer.

Serious damage to the closer, unfortunately, cannot be eliminated, since the tightness of the structure means that it cannot be disassembled into separate parts and subsequently assembled in accordance with the technology. However, in some situations it is possible to repair the door closer and adjust its operation on your own. Let's look at how to repair a door closer:

Leakage of oil. Regardless of the fact that the hydraulic spring, which transmits the generated voltage to the levers, is in a one-piece sealed box filled with working fluid, its leaks still occur, most often in winter. If a leak appears, then this indicates a depressurization of the housing and the appearance of damage, from which oil flows out. As a result of this, the mechanism ceases to smoothly close the door, slams loudly and turns into an ordinary spring. If you were able to find the damaged areas in a timely manner, you need to seal them, which helps to extend the service life of the device. However, if the damaged area is too large, then it will not be possible to repair the door closer with your own hands and you will have to buy a new door closer.
Breakage of the lever assembly. The most common is a violation of the integrity of the rods. However, this part of the mechanism is always visible, so its condition can be assessed visually. Large force impacts can disable it, causing breaks, bends, distortions or damage to the fasteners. You can fix not very serious flaws in the rod with ordinary welding. If the fastening connection breaks down, it is possible to carry out repairs by purchasing new original parts that are suitable in size, fastening method and shape of the landing part.

Do-it-yourself door closer adjustment

Significant loads during intensive use of the door closer often provokes discord of the entire system. Therefore, it is recommended to carefully monitor and service it several times a year, especially when the weather changes. But if the system still started to malfunction, then you should find out how the door closer is adjusted.

The closer adjustment procedure includes several points, the main of which is a change in the speed of movement. In case of too slow opening of the door leaf, it is necessary to adjust the level of spring compression using the appropriate fixing nut. The door travel speed is set by rotating the first valve (counterclockwise and clockwise).

You can turn the first valve no more than 2 turns, which is stipulated by the manufacturers of door closers. The second valve is responsible for the closing - the gap when the door is in a state of 10 - 15 degrees until it is completely closed. More expensive models also have a third valve in their design, which is necessary to adjust the door closing speed at an angle of 80-90 degrees.

If specialized oil is used in the closer body, then with the onset of winter you may notice that the closer speed drops in the cold season, and in summer the mechanism, on the contrary, accelerates. This is explained by the fact that the viscosity of a liquid depends on temperature. Therefore, with the onset of winter cold, it is necessary to additionally adjust the door closer by adjusting the first valve.

Often there is a need to delay the open door in this position for a while. An increase in the delay of the door leaf before closing can be achieved by tightening the special latch more tightly. This manipulation is usually performed when the door is open at about 95 - 100 degrees. The open position of the door is also controlled by a specific door closer option.

If the door needs to be kept open for a long time - to move furniture or ventilate the room, then you should use the hold-open closer function. Such a device is equipped with a lever for fixing the door in the open position. You should open the door 90-95 degrees and tighten the latch. After such manipulations, the door will close normally if you open it at a smaller angle than 90 °. If you open the door wider, it will lock and stay open until you pull it towards you, thereby releasing the lock.

In some cases, it may be necessary to change the opening angle of the door. If necessary, you can change the opening angle of the door using a special valve, which should be turned clockwise or counterclockwise. The main thing when adjusting the closer is not to disrupt the functioning of the system: the screw must not be turned more than 2 full turns, it is undesirable to tighten the screw to the stop, it is forbidden to completely unscrew the nuts and adjusting screws.

If you tried all the above tips on how to set up a door closer, but nothing helped, then perhaps the whole problem lies in the wrong installation. Check the vertical installation of the door and the correct installation of the door closer. Check the placement of the nut that adjusts the tension of the spring, remember that it should be opposite door hinge. The lever must be of such length that it is located at a right angle to the door frame. If there is the slightest suspicion that you installed the door closer incorrectly, it is recommended to remove it and install it in accordance with all the rules.

Thus, without much expense, having a screwdriver and 5 minutes of free time at your disposal, and knowing the technique of how to adjust the door closer, you can set up this mechanism yourself. The main thing at the same time to remember some features of the work that allow you not to disrupt the correct functioning of the system.

Without a door closer it is now difficult to imagine any modern system opening. This useful attribute helps to smoothly and silently close the front door to the room, saving heat in winter and keeping cool in summer. Until recently, an ordinary steel spring or even a piece of elastic rubber was used for this purpose.

Types of door closers

You can choose a bringing mechanism not only for outdoor front door, but also for interior interior door structures. Here everything is determined by the characteristics of the canvas itself, in particular, its weight and dimensions (width).

Table: international classification of door closers by closing force

If a narrow canvas weighs a lot and does not correspond to the width of the sash in the table, then they are guided by the highest indicator and choose a higher class. When choosing a mechanism, you should always take into account the large parameters of the door and lay a certain margin of safety.

Principle of operation and design

The main working element of any closing door mechanism is a powerful spring made of high quality steel. It is placed in a special cylinder filled with oil. When the door leaf is opened, the force is transferred to the piston by means of the thrust lever, which then presses and compresses the spring. The oil flows through the valve into the vacated compartment. As soon as the door is no longer held and released, the compressed spring begins to return to its original state and press on the piston, while the working fluid flows back into the primary chamber through the hydraulic channel system.

In some cases, simple door springs are still used today.

The rate of oil flow, as well as, accordingly, the translational movement of the spring and the closing of the door, depends on the cross section of the channels. This parameter is regulated by special screws located on the mechanism body. More modern and advanced models are equipped with a large number of adjustments that allow you to hold the sash at the very end, not swing open from sudden gusts of wind, etc.

The working spring can be actuated by various types of mechanisms, which determines the specific type of closer.

The main working element of the closer is the spring

All door closers, regardless of class, are divided into three main groups according to the type of placement:

upper (overhead);
lower (floor);
embedded (hidden).

Overhead door closers

The most common, versatile and simple type of mechanisms. Most often used on entrance heavy and metal doors. The working body is located in the upper part of the opening structure. If the leaf opens on itself, then the device is mounted on the surface of the canvas, while the lever is fixed on the door frame (or on the wall above it). When the door swings open from itself, the device is installed on upper crossbar door jamb, and the lever is located on the canvas.

The most commonly used closers with top placement

According to the method of transferring force from the working spring, the mechanisms are divided into the following types:

Lever (knee or articulated). The most common and reliable design, in which the movement from the lever (thrust) to the spring is transmitted by means of a toothed pin or gear. In such a device, the levers stick out perpendicular to the plane of the opening, which visually does not look very attractive. For interior doors, this type is practically not used. The disadvantage is the need to apply more and more force as the sash opens.
IN lever design movement is transmitted by a gear or toothed pin
Sliding. The spring and two working pistons (closing and opening) are driven by a cam heart-shaped rod. The levers do not stick out to the side, but are located parallel to the opening. The design itself is much less bulky and looks more attractive, but is still rarely used. When the sash is opened by about a third (30 °), its further movement is greatly facilitated, which is extremely convenient for children, the elderly and simply physically weak.
The spring is driven by a cam rod
Crank. An outdated design, consists of a hydraulic oil control piston and a coil spring located in individual chambers. Having no adjustments, but a very simple and inexpensive mechanism. Due to the bulk and large sizes requires installation quite high under the ceiling. It is still sometimes used because it is very powerful.

Bottom door closers

Such a mechanism is mounted in a recess in the floor, opens the sash according to the pendulum principle in both directions. The installation is usually taken into account already at the design stage. Only the top metal plate remains visible, so these devices are used in places where design is given increased importance and ugly protruding parts are undesirable. Most often, bottom closers are used in shopping malls and offices. This is especially true of glass partitions, competent organization doorways where there is no alternative.

The floor spring is mounted in a recess in the floor

Floor devices can be used for heavy and massive canvases weighing up to 300 kg.

The principle of operation of the floor mechanism is very similar to the outdoor closer, equipped with a sliding rod. But there are no levers that set the axis in motion. The door leaf is mounted on the axis of the closer and rests on it with all its mass, while it moves along the other axis of rotation. It is extremely important that both axes lie in the same plane and are strictly perpendicular to each other. The mechanism simultaneously fixes the canvas in the opening and in a sense is a loop.

The principle of operation of the floor closer is similar to the operation of a sliding mechanism

The heart-shaped shaft, which is the lower support for the leaf, rotates when the door is opened and acts on the roller, which is located between the two plates. These bars are connected to the piston by means of a rod, which is placed inside a compressible coil spring. Thus, the rotating movements of the support shaft lead to the compression of the spring and the accumulation of energy by it when the sash is opened, which is subsequently spent on a smooth and uniform closing.

On sale you can also find floor closers. lever type. But they are not very popular, because they are much more expensive than conventional top-mounted overhead mechanisms, they do not look very presentable and are often mechanically damaged during operation.

Overhead floor structures are used very rarely

A few years ago I ordered glass partitions for arranging a retail outlet in a large furniture center. It was necessary to provide for a sufficient width and height of the doorway so that it was possible to freely bring in and take out overall furniture. The issue with the choice of accessories was resolved quite simply. You can, of course, use ordinary swing hinges and not install a door closer on the floor, but then the sash will open only in one direction and be fixed in only one position by the locking mechanism (lock). We ordered a soft closing mechanism, as we listened to the advice of experienced people, and did not regret it. The doors can be opened outwards and inwards. They cannot accidentally slam shut, as they are securely held by the door closer in extreme positions. The only thing is that at the moment of their opening it was required to make some physical effort. Especially at first, the mechanism worked quite tight and the doors opened hard.

Embedded devices

Hidden mechanisms are mounted directly in the door jamb or in the leaf itself, so visually they are almost invisible. They are divided into two types, fundamentally different in design:

Loop closer. The smallest device of its kind. The mechanism is hidden in the body of the door canopy, its installation does not require any additional work(chiselling or drilling of the web), excluding the installation of the hinges themselves. But it is quite difficult to mount them correctly, since for the closer to work well, precise alignment between the hinges is required. The diminutiveness of the mechanism limits the scope of application: it cannot be used on heavy canvases and its service life is small.
The closing mechanism in the loop closer is built directly into the canopy
Sliding rod devices. In fact, they are one of the options for a door overhead mechanism with an upper placement method, the only difference is in the dimensions and installation method. small size devices allow you to embed it into the door jamb or directly into the leaf array.
The built-in closer with a sliding rod differs from the overhead closer only in smaller dimensions, which allow it to be embedded in the door leaf or in door frame

The second option of hidden door closers is more preferable, since it has a much longer service life.

How to choose a door closer

When choosing a device for softly closing the door leaf, the following important points must be considered:

Power (class). The required closer force is determined based on two main indicators: the width of the sash and its mass. The larger and more massive the door leaf, the more difficult it is to close it and the more powerful the closing mechanism should be and the higher its class. But an overly strong device creates an additional load on the fittings (hinges) and provokes their premature wear, and it is much harder to open such doors.
Mounting method. The most common overhead closers with top mounting, they are appropriate for almost all door structures(except solid glass).
Opening side: universal, right and left.
Frost resistance. It is necessary to consider at what temperatures the device will operate. There are the following types of closers depending on the temperature regime:
- ordinary - from -10 to +40 ° C (installed on interior interior doors);
- thermostable - from -35 to +70 °C (used on input structures in regions with a relatively warm climate and on internal access doors);
- frost-resistant - from -45 to +70 ° C (used at extremely low temperatures).

Permissible temperature indicators at which the closer works correctly are always indicated on the packaging

The sensitivity of the mechanism depends on the oil that is used in it. For thermostable and frost-resistant devices, specialized liquids are used that do not thicken with significant drops in temperature.

wind brake (opening damper) - a separate hydraulic circuit with its own adjustment, which does not allow the sash to swing open sharply in case of a sudden gust of wind;
swoop - speeding up the movement of the web at the very end to overcome the resistance of rubber seals and the latch of the lock;
closing delay - the doors remain open for a while (usually no more than 30 seconds), and then close;
fixing the position - the sash is fixed when certain value opening angle using a locking lever or electromagnets (for fire doors).

Video: how to choose the right door closer

Installing a door closer

It is recommended to install on your own only closers of the upper external location. It is better to entrust the installation of floor and hidden mechanisms to professionals, since very specific work requires a special tool and a certain skill.

Almost every package with the product comes with detailed and understandable installation instructions, as well as an installation template, which shows schematically all parts of the mechanism in full size and the location of the mounting holes for each part. On one side of the sheet, an installation diagram is drawn when the sash is opened towards itself, on the back - from itself.

The installation template indicates the location of the mounting holes

To perform the work you will need: a drill, a screwdriver, pencils or a marker and a measuring tool (tape measure, ruler, etc.). Fasteners for different types of door panels (wood, metal, plastic) are included.

The kit usually includes fasteners.

We carry out the installation of the door closer according to the following technology:

We apply the template to the top of the canvas, focusing on the red lines on it (for convenience, it is better to fix the sheet with tape). The long horizontal line must be aligned with the upper edge of the sash, and we set the vertical line perpendicular to it along the axis of the hinges.
We mark the necessary mounting holes through the paper with an awl.
We remove the template and drill holes of the required diameter, which is indicated in the instructions.
If the mechanism is fully assembled, then you need to disconnect the levers and the housing. To do this, unscrew the screw connecting them.
We apply the case to the marked holes and twist the fasteners.
We mount the linkage in the same way.
We connect the lever with the body.

It is easy to install a door closer on your own

In rare cases, a template may not be included in the kit, but the instructions always indicate the exact dimensions for marking.

Video: installation of overhead door closer

Adjustment and repair

To ensure reliable and long-term operation of the bringing device, immediately after its installation, it is necessary to carry out correct adjustment mechanism. As a preventive measure, this procedure is carried out at least twice a year.

Most models are equipped with two special adjustment screws that are placed on the decorative cover or on the end of the case.

There are two adjusting screws on the end of the closer or on its body.

Screw adjustment elements are indicated by the following numbers:

Screw adjusting the opening angle of the sash from 90 to 180°. By turning the screw clockwise, the opening angle of the door leaf is reduced, by turning it counterclockwise, it is increased.
A screw that regulates the speed of the mechanism in the last 7–15 ° (slam). Turning the adjusting screw clockwise reduces the closing speed of the blade, turning it in the opposite direction increases it.

It's easy enough to adjust the adjuster.

Tighten the adjusting elements should not be more than 1/4 turn at a time, since the adjustment is quite subtle and the differences will be noticeable immediately. Otherwise, the screws can be overtightened or loosened too much, resulting in damage to the mechanism. First, the first element is adjusted, only then the second.

Some more complex devices have more adjustment screws (up to 4). How to control each element is described in detail in the attached instructions.

On more complex devices, there are more adjustments

If the closer is used improperly, the mechanism may not work well or even break. In this case, the device is first dismantled and carefully inspected for mechanical damage to the case (cracks, dents, etc.). If there are defects in the levers, then they are corrected: they are cleaned of rust, bends and distortions are straightened with a hammer, breaks are eliminated by welding. If a case depressurization and oil leakage is detected, which can be caused by various reasons (wear of oil seals, a crack in the case, etc.), you should contact repair organization. But in most cases, repair is impossible and the entire mechanism will have to be replaced.

If used incorrectly, the life of the door closer is greatly reduced.

In the recent past, when no one had ever heard of any closers, the entrance doors of houses were equipped with ordinary steel springs. As a rule, they were adjusted with a margin, so that the door would surely close. This was especially true during the winter months. The door slammed shut with a deafening clatter. We then lived on the ground floor and everything was audible. We, the children, repeatedly pinched hands, feet, and sometimes other parts of the body. It was sometimes not so easy to bring skis or sleds into the entrance, because the frozen hands and feet refused to react quickly, and sometimes it was not possible to quickly slip through the door that opened for a short time. However, the spring quickly stretched and the entrance doors were again wide open.

Video: closer adjustment

It's no secret that a large percentage of heat loss from a home is due to leakage through the door. In addition to the quality of the door itself, the principles of insulation and closing density, the speed of closing the door is important. To control this characteristic, there is a door closer.

The principle of operation of the door closer

There is an opinion that it is customary to install a door closer only in in public places. I wouldn't agree with that. The advantages of a door closer make you think differently and install equipment not only on the front door to a house or apartment, but also in outbuildings, a garage and a barn.

Using a door closer saves heat in room. This happens not only by controlling the time during which the door is kept open, but also by holding the door firmly in the closed position.

door closer prolongs the life of the door and its constituent elements and accessories. Due to the smooth closing of the door, there is no premature wear of parts, characteristic of doors that slam shut with great strength. The heavier the door, the stronger the impact.
Closer saves nervous system human, eliminating loud sounds at the moment of closing the heavy metal door.

The principle of operation of a door closer is simple and understandable, based on the property of a conventional spring to accumulate the energy it receives when the door is opened. The force exerted by a person to open the door is applied to a compressed spring, with the help of which the door closes slowly and smoothly.

Types of door closers

By structural features There are two types of door closers.

Overhead closer, the mechanism of which includes a gear drive. Closing and opening of doors occurs due to the work of gears that trigger the piston mechanism.
In the second version, the spring and pistons are driven by a camshaft.

In addition to the difference in the design of the units, the decorative properties also differ.

The work of the flush-mounted door closer is based on a mechanism with a rod sliding in opposite directions.
For a closer operating on the principle of a loop, the lever is hidden inside the closer structure.

The criteria for choosing a door closer are several characteristics:

Web regulation index determines the maximum weight of the door leaf that the door closer can handle. The indicator is marked EN1 and up to EN7. The higher the marking number, the greater the weight of the web is acceptable.
Availability door fixing options in the open position. If this function is present, the fixation is triggered after tightening the special latch. The position of the door is removed by pulling it towards you.
decorative properties- not the last factor that you need to pay attention to when buying. The colors, materials used and dimensions of the door closer make it possible to choose a device that fits perfectly into the interior.

Installing a door closer

Installing a door closer is a simple and quick task, you can handle it yourself without resorting to the help of specialists. Consider a step-by-step instruction that will help you do the job accurately and correctly.

Open the box with the closer, find the instructions. Manufacturers, together with the closer, complete the box with a life-size template that clearly illustrates the work.
On the template you will find two perpendicular red lines, they must be transferred to the door leaf. Align the horizontal line with the upper edge of the door leaf, the vertical line with the hinge axis. Using a pencil, transfer the markings to the door.

On the same template, you will find marked locations for the screw holes. Drill the required holes directly on the template. Depending on the type of door (metal or wood), select a suitable drill and set aside the necessary screws (both options are usually included with the door closer).
We install the closer in its place. Mount the body of the closer on the door, traction - on the door frame. Connect the body to the rod using the included lever. Remember that the force depends on the type of connection. If the rod is perpendicular to the body, the closing of the doors will be slow and smooth. If the lever is perpendicular to the body, and the rod is at an angle, the door will close with great effort. This option is required in cases where the door closes with a latch.

This completes the installation of the door closer. It remains to adjust the closer and the traction force using the adjusting screws, and the work is completed.

Choice of door closer necessary step in creating a warm and comfortable microclimate in your home.

Sections of the article:

In the relatively recent past, to ensure independent tight closing of the front door or gate, such simple mechanisms as a spring, a counterweight with a cable and a block system, rubber bands or their analogues made of rubber tires. Today, in order for the door to close itself tightly, closers of various sizes, colors and shapes are used. What closers for entrance doors are presented on the shelves in specialized departments of stores, what you should pay attention to when buying and how to install them - read on.

Types of closers

The closer is considered to be a mechanical device that is able to accumulate potential energy when the door leaf is opened. The consumption of the accumulated energy then goes to a tight, almost silent closing of the door. The basis of the mechanism, which is responsible for its main function, is a powerful spring inside the case, the transfer of force to which and back occurs in two scenarios:

Closers with a hydraulic circuit inside, transmitting forces through the rack, work in such a way that when the door leaf is opened, the gear on the lever axle turns and transmits translational motion through the rack to the piston, which then causes the spring to compress. After the opening is completed, the compressed spring tends to return to its original relaxed state, pushing the piston in the opposite direction. The movement of the piston provokes the rotation of the gear, which returns the force to the lever axis of the closer, after which the door smoothly and tightly enters the box. Smooth operation of the closer is carried out due to hydraulic system in the form of cavities and channels throughout the body of the mechanism through which oil flows.

Closers with cam mechanism. Inside the device, on the lever axis, there is a cam in the form of a complex eccentric resembling a core. Rollers support the cam mechanism on both sides. Opening the door leaf provokes compression of the spring by the protruding part of the cam. The desire of the spring to take its original position leads to the turning of the cam in the opposite direction and the smooth closing of the door. A similar principle of operation is used when placing hidden mechanisms or in closers with a channel arrangement of thrust.

Advantages and disadvantages of installing closers

When installing a door closer on the front door, you will receive the following benefits:

Increase the life of the door leaf and fittings, as smooth slamming protects the door from damage by impacts when opening / closing and minimizes the load on the fittings;
The tight entry of the door leaf into the frame protects the room from cold wind, drafts and extraneous noise from outside;
The mechanized device does not require an electrical connection;
The adjusted closing speed allows you to make the operation of the door safe, which is important for families with small children or elderly members who may enter the room for a long time or not hold the sash when opening;
The disadvantages include possible difficulties in installing and adjusting the door closer, as well as the significant cost of quality products equipped with additional features.

Place of installation of the door closer

The most common are overhead door closers, which are installed in the upper part on the inside or outside of the leaf, depending on the type of opening. Less common are mortise products for entrance doors that are hidden inside the floor, door leaf or frame. Such mechanisms are used when it is impossible to install in the standard position or for aesthetic reasons, for example, on glass door leaves.

Overhead closing mechanisms according to design features are divided into two types:

Closers equipped with a lever arm of two knees. The advantages are ease of installation, reliability of the mechanism, a sufficiently high level of force transfer, the possibility of several control options. A significant drawback is the lever protruding beyond the level of the facade perpendicular to the body of the closer, the probability of which to be damaged from the actions of violators is quite high. In addition, the linkage requires effort when opening the door leaf, which is not very convenient for children and people of age.

Closers equipped with a closed sliding channel inside the box, along which the free edge of the hinge with a roller at the end moves. The advantages are high decorative qualities due to the absence of protruding parts, the minimum likelihood of vandalism damage, the possibility of additionally equipping the mechanism with an opening limiter inside the channel, installation in doors close to the wall. Disadvantages: the minimum number of adjustments and additional equipment, higher cost compared to lever ones.

Closer classification

In accordance with the global standardization EN1154, door closers are divided into seven classes EN1-EN7, depending on the closing force that they are able to create. To understand which closer is suitable for a particular door, you need to know the width and weight of the door leaf. If two mandatory parameters do not correspond to one class, a device of a higher classification is selected. For example, the width of the door leaf in mm corresponds to EN3 class, and the weight is EN5, it is recommended to install a class 5 door closer, as a weaker force of class 3 will not cope with the load.

Self-closing mechanisms are on sale, which belong both to one class (the marking indicates one digital value, for example, EN1), and to several (the numerical value is indicated in the marking through a hyphen, for example, EN1-3). The second option is more practical and convenient, since it is possible to adjust the closing speed of the sash depending on weather conditions, but compared to mechanisms of the same class, such devices are much more expensive.

What to look for when buying

How to choose a closer for the front door? First of all, you need to pay attention to a number of important indicators:

Closing speed does not have a clear digital indicator and is selected by visual observation. For private houses, it is recommended to purchase a door closer with a minimum speed;
The slamming speed is required for door panels equipped with latch locking mechanisms;
Opening brake. This indicator is used for installation on doors leading to rooms with high traffic of people, it allows you to apply less effort when opening the door leaf;
Closing braking is relevant for use in retail premises, as it allows the buyer to calmly leave the hall with packages. A similar indicator will not be superfluous for families with children and the elderly who have difficulty passing the doorway. A significant drawback of the device is irrational use in the cold season, since a long-term open opening will quickly cool the room;
The presence of a sash latch allows you to fix the door in the open position, which is convenient for long-term ventilation in the summer or the removal of furniture from the house.

It is also worth considering the resistance of the mechanism to temperature extremes: in regions with cold winters, it is recommended to give preference to frost-resistant models that work properly down to a temperature of -40C.

Installation

To install the closer, you will need a minimum set of tools: a drill with a drill corresponding to the size of the fastener, a screwdriver, a simple pencil and a tape measure or ruler. Most manufacturers equip the mechanism with instructions with templates that clearly show how to install the closer. Schematic images components of the closer in full size on the template and mounting holes for each element greatly facilitate the marking and further installation of the mechanism on the front door. The template is printed on both sides of the sheet with the type of opening the door towards itself or from itself.

Two red perpendicular lines on the template allow you to set it correctly. The vertical red line is aligned with the centerline door hinges, horizontal - with the upper border of the canvas. It is recommended to mark the center line of the loops with a simple pencil.

Further, with the help of a drill through the template, mounting holes corresponding to the selected class are marked. Complete with a closer, there are usually two types of hardware: for metal-plastic or wooden surfaces. Depending on the material of the door leaf, a drill bit for a drill is also selected, with which recesses for fasteners marked according to the template are drilled. After that, the installation of a self-closing mechanism begins.

Please note that the door closer is installed disassembled, that is, the levers and the housing are separately. When buying an assembled mechanism, it is strongly recommended to disassemble it before installation: first, the fixing washer is unscrewed, then the screw connecting the levers and the housing is removed.

The installation of a door closer that opens in the position towards itself begins with fixing the body box to the door leaf, in which the thrust is then mounted. In the lower body part there is a special recess into which a lever is inserted, which is tightened with a screw. This is followed by a fairly simple connection of the lever and the rod by pressing down with your fingers until a slight click is formed. The connection difference lies in the location of the rod on the front door.

If elementary soft closing is required, the rod is slightly reduced in length and installed perpendicular to the door. If there is a latching mechanism in the sash, solidarity reinforcement is required to overcome its resistance. In this case, the rod is extended and fixed in a position perpendicular to the door.

Adjustment

After installing the door closer, it remains to adjust the speed of closing the door. Depending on the model, closers differ in design and location of the screw for adjusting the speed. Detailed information is usually contained in the passport or product installation instructions. But the principle of operation of regulation in various models of the door closer is similar:

Turning the screw clockwise increases the speed of closing the door;
Turning the screw counterclockwise slows down the closing speed.

When adjusting, it is not recommended to turn the screw several turns at once, since there is a high probability of an imbalance in the closer, which is quite difficult to adjust back. In addition, a few sharp turns of the adjusting screw can cause damage to the mechanism, such as oil leaking from the inside. Most often, a ¼ turn is enough to achieve the required speed.

In order for the closer to perform its function well for many years, it is strongly not recommended to press the door or slow it down with foreign objects when closing, as this can damage the internal parts of the mechanism. In addition, it is recommended to change the lubricant in the hinge at least once every 2 years when installing door closers for indoor doors and annually when installing the mechanism from the outdoor part of the door. It is recommended to adjust the outdoor closer once every six months to reduce the effects of temperature changes.

Quite often doors various types equipped with a guide. This small device adds comfort when closed. The door does not slam and does not remain ajar. However, over time, it may be necessary to adjust the closer. The more often the door is opened, the sooner you will need to perform this action. This is an easy process.

Adjusting the door closer, the instructions for which are discussed below, are quite doable on your own. At the same time, the device will be used for a long time and efficiently.

The principle of operation of the closer

Installing a closer on the door allows you to reduce the load on the hinges and fittings when opening and closing. The mechanism of this device is simple. Its versatility allows the door closer to be used on almost any type of door.

When opened, the force is transmitted through the piston to the spring. It is in a chamber filled with oil or gas. At the moment of opening, the spring is compressed. In this case, the contents of the camera flows into the freed space. After the pressure on the system is released (at the moment of closing), the substance returns to the primary chamber through the channels of the hydraulic or pneumatic system.

This process is fairly easy to set up. The patency of the channels is controlled by screws. Thanks to them, the door closer is adjusted. The manufacturer's instructions indicate where these screws are located. Almost all types of devices are easy to find.

Varieties of installation on the door

There are several types of closers. They differ in their design and installation method. Overhead mechanisms are considered the simplest, as well as devices that are installed in (instead of content).

More complex closers are mounted during the arrangement floor covering. Their installation can be scheduled before the start of the repair. Another type of mechanism is closers hidden in the box or door leaf. The instructions for their installation and operation require a rather large thickness of the entire system. Therefore, such a closer for interior doors is rarely used. More often, this mechanism regulates the closure of input varieties.

If you want to install a closer on the door with your own hands, you should give preference to simple overhead models with sliding rod. They are made from the same pattern.

Important facts about choosing a device

When choosing a closer for a metal door, interior or other varieties, a number of operating conditions should be taken into account. First of all, it is necessary to evaluate the dimensions and its weight. Further determined at opening and closing. With the same web mass, a more powerful door closer will require a wide door.

To make it easier for the buyer to navigate in the process of choosing the right type of mechanism, the EN1154 classification was developed. It includes 7 device groups. EN1 are designed for the lightest doors.

Also, when choosing, take into account climatic conditions. Standard devices are operated in the temperature range from -35 to +70 ºС. If winters are colder, this should be taken into account and preference should be given to special mechanisms. the characteristics of which are necessarily indicated by the manufacturer, can function even in severe frosts.

Device thrust

There are 3 main types of construction of overhead closers. They can have a sliding, lever rod, as well as a latch to stop the web in one position. When choosing one or another variety, the dimensions, weight of the door, the design of the building, as well as operating conditions are taken into account. An important role is played by the taste preferences of the user.

The sliding rod is characterized by hidden structural elements. Not every owner is satisfied with protruding lever mechanisms. Especially if they select a door closer for interior doors.

Adjustment principle

In order for the installation of a closer on the door to meet expectations, it should be given Special attention adjustment. Similar devices most often have two or three settings. This allows you to bring the operation of the mechanism as close as possible to the operating conditions of the door.

The first setting is carried out immediately after the closer is installed. In the process of opening and closing the door, the elements of the system will require additional settings. Initially, you need to adjust the speed of closing the door. In the cold season, this should happen quickly. Interior doors require slow, smooth closing.

Then the strength of the clasp is adjusted. It should be sufficient so that the door does not remain open. But a strong catch can quickly disable fittings and hinges.

If you need to keep the door open for some time or increase the intermediate closing time, you can use and adjust additional latches. This allows you to increase the comfort when using the door.

Adjustment instruction

Do-it-yourself door closer adjustment is carried out clearly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Usually, the principle of setting is identical for everyone. There are two screws on the closer body. They can be untwisted, but not very much. After making two full turns, you can expect depressurization of the chamber and breakage of the device. It is impossible to repair it at home. Even half a turn of the screw significantly changes the speed of the door leaf. If it is turned counterclockwise, the leaf will close slowly.

First, the closing speed of the door is checked. If it is large, the screw is turned half a turn. Next, you may need to add a little speed. To do this, turn the screw in the opposite direction a quarter of a turn.

To adjust the finish on the last 15 cm before closing, the speed is adjusted in the same way. To do this, unscrew the second screw. The procedure is similar to the previous step. Depending on the closer model, attention can be paid to the opening angle of the leaf, as well as the average travel speed.

A standard overhead type closer requires adjustment during its operation. This is felt when the seasons change in oil models. The contents of the chamber become thicker after severe winter frosts. Therefore, the mechanism of the front door has to be adjusted more often.

To avoid frequent system adjustments and acquire a durable device, it is worth purchasing a special type of mechanism for external doors. Inside they contain gas, not oil. This is a pneumatic door closer. Device adjustment is less frequently required. The gas does not change its properties during operation.

Additional functions of the closer are indicated by a specific marking. If there is no need for them, it is better to buy a simple overhead door closer. The price of such a device will be lower. Additional features increase the cost.

Model overview

Today, the market for devices for smooth closing the door is represented by domestic and foreign door closers. The most popular today are German (Dorma, Boda), Italian (Cobra, Cisa), Finnish (Abloy) devices. Domestic door closers are represented by Expostroymash Plus.

Today you can buy a quality door closer, the price of which is 1000-1200 rubles. However, the cost of devices of foreign companies, which are endowed with additional functions, can reach 3500-4000 rubles.

Particularly well in severe winters, the models of the Finnish company Abloy and the German GEZE and Dorma showed themselves. Domestic closers are not inferior in quality to European models, and their cost is much lower. You should not buy cheap devices from unknown manufacturers that do not have the appropriate quality certificates. Such mechanisms quickly fail, reduce the life of the door.

Terms of use

Devices of well-known brands withstand from 0.5 to 1 million operating cycles. This will require adjustment of the door closer. The manufacturer's instructions accurately describe this process.

Today, market leaders are ready to offer the consumer various models of increased strength. They are most often filled with gas, not oil. Such mechanisms are able to withstand not only adverse environmental conditions, but also improper operation.

If the closer is freely accessible, it must be equipped with a special valve. It will prevent the device from intentional hacking attempts.

But cheap overhead oil closers are in dire need of compliance with the rules of operation. Such a mechanism does not allow you to hold or pull the door while it is closing. It is also not allowed to fix it (except for pneumatic models). Do not put foreign objects under the canvas. It is also strictly forbidden to hang or ride on the doors. Therefore, if there are small children in the house, this should be explained to them immediately.

In order not to have to change the device in a short time, you should choose the right and responsibly use the door closer. In this case, it will last a long time. From time to time, a simple adjustment of the door closer will be required. The manufacturer's instructions will allow almost every owner to perform it. This will give comfort when closing the door, as well as significantly increase its service life.