Cyclone vacuum cleaner for the workshop: photos, videos, drawings. Vacuum cleaner with a cyclone filter for a DIY workshop Cyclone for a DIY workshop

When carrying out repairs and construction works there is a lot of garbage. Sawdust, shavings, scraps of materials mixed with dust should be cleaned regularly. Conventional sweeping with a mop is excluded due to the specifics of the work, if dust can build up and small particles on the surface, for example, after priming or painting.

A conventional vacuum cleaner will not cope with such garbage or will fail very quickly. Household electrical appliances are designed for an average short-term load.

For such cases, specialized equipment is produced. A construction vacuum cleaner can work for a long time without stopping, has significant power, and it uses completely different filter systems than in household vacuum cleaners.

When to Use a Construction Vacuum Cleaner

Those who are constantly faced with construction, repair and carpentry work are aware of the need for timely cleaning of the workplace at the end of the stage. Cleaning can be carried out repeatedly within one day, so it is quite reasonable to want to make the process easier for yourself.

Styrofoam pieces and polyethylene film , drywall trimmings, chipped plaster, dust after cutting aerated concrete - all this garbage settles not only on horizontal surfaces, but also, having become electrified, is attached to vertical walls.

Cleaning with a mop and dustpan is not always appropriate due to large areas, and washing will only turn dry dirt into wet slurry, especially in unfinished rooms.

An ordinary household appliance, due to the small size of the dust container, will quickly become clogged, it will have to be continuously cleaned. If large particles hit, there is a high risk of breaking the equipment.

It is under such conditions best solution will use a construction vacuum cleaner.

Pros and cons of a construction vacuum cleaner

High power allows professional equipment to work for a long time without interruption, and a long hose provides access to a remote area without the need to carry a vacuum cleaner or interrupt work.

But it also has disadvantages:

High price. If you need periodic or one-time work, buying a new expensive tool is not advisable.
Big sizes and weight.

Some craftsmen came up with a way out in the form additional option to the available technology. At a fairly low cost, you can assemble a cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands. This design will increase the capabilities of an existing conventional household vacuum cleaner.

Making a cyclone with your own hands

There is a huge selection of instructions on the Internet. self-manufacturing filter cyclone, including the attached drawings and photographs. But they are united by a standard set of components.

So what we need:

Assembly instructions.

The main indicator that a do-it-yourself cyclone for a vacuum cleaner is assembled correctly will be debris that collects at the bottom or settles on the walls of the container, while suction will be fast and of high quality. Do not forget to control the tightness of the structure.

The history of the appearance of the cyclone filter

The creator of cyclone filter technology is James Dyson. It was he who first made a filter with a work based on the action of centrifugal force. Why did this device become so popular and in demand that the inventor filed a patent for it?

The filter consists of two chambers. Under the action of centrifugal force inside the unit, the debris begins to twist into a funnel. Large trash at the same time, it settles in the first chamber, the outer one, and dust and light debris are collected on the inside. So clean air comes out through the top hole.

The main advantages of the cyclone filter:

dust bags and their constant replacement are not required;
compact filter dimensions;
quiet work;
easy-to-remove lid allows you to regularly check the level of contamination and dispose of garbage in a timely manner;
speed and efficiency.

A vacuum cleaner with a cyclone filter can be used both in everyday life and for professional purposes.

Today we will tell you about the cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner in the workshop, because one of the problems that you have to deal with in woodworking is dust removal. Industrial equipment quite expensive, so we will make a cyclone with our own hands - it's completely simple.

What is a cyclone and why is it needed

In the workshop, there is almost always a need to remove garbage of a sufficiently large fraction. Sawdust, small scraps, metal shavings - all this, in principle, can be caught by a regular vacuum cleaner filter, but with a high probability it will quickly become unusable. In addition, there will be no superfluous opportunity to clean and liquid waste.

The cyclone filter uses an aerodynamic swirl to bind the specks different sizes. Spinning in a circle, the garbage manages to stick together to such a consistency that it can no longer be carried away by the air flow and settles at the bottom. This effect almost always occurs if the air flow passes through a cylindrical container at a sufficient speed.

Such filters are included in the kit of many industrial vacuum cleaners, but their cost cannot be called affordable for the layman. At the same time, the range of problems solved with the help of homemade devices, not at all anymore. A handicraft cyclone can be used both in conjunction with planers, perforators or jigsaws, and for removing sawdust or chips from different kind machine tools. In the end, even simple cleaning with such a device is much easier, because the bulk of dust and debris settles in a container, from where it can be easily removed.

Difference Between Wet and Dry Cyclone

To create a swirling flow, the main requirement is that the air entering the tank does not follow the shortest path to the exhaust port. To do this, the inlet pipe must have a special shape and be directed either to the bottom of the tank or tangentially to the walls. exhaust channel according to a similar principle, it is recommended to make it swivel, optimally if it is directed to the cover of the device. The increase in aerodynamic drag due to pipe bends can be neglected.

As already mentioned, the cyclone filter has the potential to remove liquid waste as well. With a liquid, everything is somewhat more complicated: the air in the pipe and the cyclone is partially rarefied, which contributes to the evaporation of moisture and its breakdown into very small drops. Therefore, the inlet pipe must be located as close as possible to the surface of the water or even lowered under it.

In most washing vacuum cleaners, air is supplied to the water through a diffuser, so any moisture contained in it is effectively dissolved. However, for greater versatility the minimum amount alterations to use such a scheme is not recommended.

We make from improvised materials

The most simple and affordable option for the capacity of the cyclone there will be a bucket of paint or other building mixtures. The volume should be comparable to the power of the vacuum cleaner used, approximately one liter for every 80-100 watts.

The bucket lid must be intact and hermetically put on the body of the future cyclone. It will have to be finalized by making a couple of holes. Regardless of the material of the bucket, the easiest way to make holes of the desired diameter is to use homemade compasses. IN wooden lath you need to screw in two self-tapping screws so that their tips are at a distance of 27 mm from each other, no more, no less.

The centers of the holes should be marked 40 mm from the edge of the cover, it is desirable that they be as far apart as possible. Both metal and plastic scratch excellently in this way. homemade tool, forming even edges with virtually no scoring.

The second element of the cyclone will be a set of sewer elbows at 90º and 45º. In advance, we draw your attention to the fact that the position of the corners must correspond to the direction of air flow. Their fastening in the housing cover is carried out according to the following scheme:

The knee is inserted all the way into the side of the socket. Silicone sealant is pre-applied under the side.
WITH reverse side a rubber o-ring is pulled onto the socket with force. To be sure, you can additionally compress it with a screw clamp.

The inlet pipe is located with a narrow turning part inside the bucket, the socket is on the outside almost flush with the lid. The knee must be provided with another turn at 45º and directed obliquely down and tangentially to the wall of the bucket. If the cyclone is made with the expectation of wet cleaning, the extreme elbow should be increased by cutting the pipe, reducing the distance from the bottom to 10-15 cm.

The exhaust pipe is located in the opposite position and its socket is located under the bucket lid. You also need to insert one knee into it so that the air intake occurs at the wall or make two turns for suction from under the center of the lid. The latter is preferable. Do not forget about the o-rings, for more reliable fixation and to prevent turning of the knees, they can be wrapped with plumbing tape.

How to adapt the device for machines and tools

To be able to draw in waste when working with hand and stationary tools, a system of adapters is required. Typically, a vacuum cleaner hose ends in a curved tube, the diameter of which is comparable to the nozzles for power tool dust bags. IN last resort, you can seal the connection with several layers of double-sided tape for mirrors, wrapped with vinyl tape to eliminate stickiness.

With stationary equipment, everything is more complicated. Dust vents have a very different configuration, especially for homemade machines, so we can only give a few useful recommendations:

If the dust extraction of the machine is designed for 110 mm or larger hose, use plumbing adapters with a diameter of 50 mm to connect the corrugated hose of the vacuum cleaner.
For docking with a dust trap of home-made machines, it is convenient to use press fittings for 50 mm HDPE pipes.
When designing the dust collector cover and outlet, use the convection current created by the moving parts of the tool to greater efficiency. For example: a branch pipe for removing sawdust from circular saw must be tangential to the saw blade.
Sometimes it is required to provide dust extraction from different sides of the workpiece, for example, for band saw or a cutter. Use 50mm sewer tees and corrugated drain hoses.

Which vacuum cleaner and connection system to use

Usually a vacuum cleaner makeshift cyclone do not choose independently, but use the one that is available. However, there are a number of limitations in addition to the power mentioned above. If you want to continue using the vacuum cleaner for domestic purposes, then at a minimum you will need to find an additional hose.

The beauty of the sewer elbows used in the design is that they ideally fit the diameter of the most common hoses. Therefore, the spare hose can be safely cut into 2/3 and 1/3, a shorter segment must be joined to the vacuum cleaner. The other, longer section, in this form, is refueled into the socket of the cyclone inlet pipe. The maximum that is required in this place is to seal the connection silicone sealant or sanitary duct tape, but usually the planting density is quite high. Especially with the o-ring.

In the video, another example of the manufacture of a cyclone for dust removal in the workshop

To pull a short piece of hose onto the exhaust pipe, the extreme part of the corrugated pipe will have to be leveled. Depending on the diameter of the hose, it may be more convenient to tuck it in. If the straightened edge does not fit slightly on the pipe, it is recommended to warm it up a little with a hair dryer or an indirect flame. gas burner. The latter is considered great option, because in this way the connection will be located optimally in relation to the direction of the moving stream.

Recently, I have become interested in working with wood and the question of removing chips and sawdust has become very acute. So far, the issue of cleaning the workplace is being solved with a home vacuum cleaner, but it quickly clogs and stops sucking. You have to shake out the bag often. In search of a solution to the problem, I reviewed many pages on the Internet and found something. As it turned out, quite workable dust collectors can be made from improvised materials.

Mini vacuum cleaner from a plastic bottle

Here is another mini venturi vacuum cleaner idea
such a vacuum cleaner works from forced air.

Venturi effect

The Venturi effect is the drop in pressure when a liquid or gas flows through a constricted portion of a pipe. This effect is named after the Italian physicist Giovanni Venturi (1746–1822).

Rationale

The Venturi effect is a consequence of the Bernoulli law, which corresponds to the Bernoulli equation, which determines the relationship between the speed v liquid, pressure p in it and height h, on which the considered fluid element is located, above the reference level:

where is the density of the liquid, and is the free fall acceleration.

If the Bernoulli equation is written for two flow sections, then we will have:

For a horizontal flow, the middle terms on the left and right sides of the equation are equal to each other, and therefore cancel, and the equality takes the form:

that is, with a steady horizontal flow of an ideal incompressible fluid in each of its sections, the sum of the piezometric and dynamic pressures will be constant. To fulfill this condition in those places of the flow where average speed liquid above (that is, in narrow sections), its dynamic head increases, and the hydrostatic head decreases (and hence the pressure decreases).

Application
The Venturi effect is observed or used in the following objects:

in hydraulic jet pumps, in particular in tankers for products of the oil and chemical industries;
in burners that mix air and combustible gases in the grill, gas stove, Bunsen burner and airbrushes;
in Venturi tubes - narrowing elements of Venturi flowmeters;
in Venturi flowmeters;
in water aspirators of the ejector type, which create small vacuums using the kinetic energy of tap water;
atomizers (sprayers) for spraying paint, water or air aromatization.
carburetors, where the Venturi effect is used to draw gasoline into the inlet air stream of an internal combustion engine;
in automated swimming pool cleaners that use water pressure to pick up sediment and debris;
in oxygen masks for oxygen therapy, etc.

And now let's look at the samples that can take their rightful place in the workshop.

Ideally, I would like to get something similar to a cyclone filter, but from improvised materials:

Homemade chip separator.

The principle is the same, but made much simpler:

But this option I liked the most, as it is a reduced analogue of an industrial cyclone:

ch1

Since I don’t have a traffic cone, I decided to stop at just such a structure, assembled from plastic pipes for sewerage. A definite plus is the availability and cheapness of the material for assembling the structure:

Homemade cyclone from plastic sewer pipes

Please pay attention to the mistake that the master made. The garbage collection pipe should be located like this:

In this case, the desired vortex will be created.
The following video shows a similar design in action:

And finally, a slightly modified version:

Making a beautiful wooden furniture is fraught with danger for a worker in production or a private workshop - this is the smallest wood dust that you have to inhale.

The use of personal protective equipment - glasses and respirators allows you to keep your breath clean, but in any case, the air in the carpentry workshop should be as clean as possible from wood dust. Otherwise, the atmosphere will literally become explosive - wood dust burns perfectly.

A cyclone is a type of air cleaner used in industry to remove particulate matter from gases or liquids. The cleaning principle is inertial, using centrifugal force. Cyclone dust collectors make up the most massive group among all types of dust collecting equipment and are used in various industries. Even some models of modern household vacuum cleaners use inertial cleaning. The principle of operation of the simplest countercurrent cyclone is clearly shown in the figure.

The principle of operation of the dust collector "Cyclone"

The flow of dusty air is introduced into the apparatus through the inlet pipe tangentially in the upper part. A rotating gas flow is formed in the apparatus, directed to the bottom of the conical part of the apparatus. Under the action of centrifugal force, dust particles are carried out of the flow and settle on the walls of the apparatus, then they are captured by the secondary flow and enter the lower part, through the outlet into the dust collection bin. Then the dust-free gas flow moves from bottom to top and is discharged from the cyclone through a coaxial exhaust pipe. Centrifugal fan, installed in the upper part of the working chamber, creates a vacuum in the cyclone body, as a result of which air is pumped through the inlet pipe. Passing in a spiral under the action of centrifugal force, heavy fractions are separated and settled in the bunker, while air exits through the exhaust pipe and enters the filter, where smaller particles are retained.

Under normal conditions, the optimum air velocity in the cylindrical part of the cyclone is 4 m/s. At a speed of 2.5 m / s, the dust collector copes best with air purification from heavy impurities. To reduce the noise level, the unit is placed in a separate room with sound insulation. Hopper filling control is facilitated by a small light source placed behind the transparent corrugated hose. If the light dims, the bunker is full. By the way, the use of hoses large diameter, as well as hoses made of antistatic

materials improves their permeability. To connect such hoses use connections of a suitable diameter. With sufficient performance, the device can be used to clean the workshop as an industrial vacuum cleaner. As a result, such a unit was obtained from 20 mm plywood and a sheet of galvanized steel (photo 1).

Do-it-yourself centrifugal fan for the Cyclone

First I made a centrifugal snail fan. I made the body covers from plywood 20 mm thick, the body was bent from alucobond, a lightweight and durable composite material, 3 mm thick (photo 2). In the covers, I milled the grooves using

a hand mill and a circular fixture for it with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm (photo 3). I inserted the body of the snail into the grooves and pulled everything together with long bolts. It turned out tough robust design(photo 4). Then I made a snail fan from the same alucobond. I cut out two circles with a router, milled grooves in them (photo 5), 8 which inserted the blades (photo 6), and glued them with a hot glue gun (photo 7). The result was a drum that looked like a squirrel wheel (photo 8).

The impeller turned out to be light, strong and with precise geometry, it did not even have to be balanced. I put it on the engine axle. Collected completely snail. At hand was an engine of 0.55 kW 3000 rpm at 380 V.

I connected and tested the fan on the go (photo 9). It blows and sucks very strongly.

DIY cyclone body

From 20 mm plywood, I cut out base circles with a milling cutter with compasses (photo 10). From roofing sheet bent the upper cylinder body, screwed it to the plywood base with self-tapping screws, glued the joint with double-sided tape, pulled the sheet with two ties and riveted it with blind rivets (photo 11). In the same way, I made the lower conical part of the body (photo 12). Further

inserted pipes into the cylinder, used polypropylene for outdoor sewerage 0 160 mm, glued them with hot glue (photo 13). Suction pipe in advance with inside the cylinder was given a rectangular shape. I pre-heated it with a hair dryer, inserted a rectangular wooden mandrel into it and cooled it (photo 14). In the same way bent the housing for the air filter. By the way, I used the filter from KamAZ because of the large area of the filter curtain (photo 15). He connected the upper cylinder and the lower cone, screwed the snail on top, under-

connected air filter using polypropylene outlets to the cochlea (photo 16). I assembled the entire structure, put it under the sawdust plastic barrel, connected to the lower cone with a transparent corrugated pipe to see the filling level. He tested a home-made unit: connected it to planer, from which the chips are the most (photo 17). The tests passed with a bang, not a speck on the floor! Was very pleased with the work done.

DIY cyclone - photo

Cyclone assembled. This setup provides high level air purification.
Blanks for the fan.
The grooves in the lid were worked with a milling cutter using a circular fixture for it with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm.
Ready-to-assemble case and fan.
before gluing blades.
The impeller drum looks like industrially manufactured parts.
The glue gun comes to the rescue at the very moment when it is simply irreplaceable.
Before assembling the motor, it is important to check the fastening of the impeller on the shaft.
The powerful motor can turn the cyclone into a real vacuum cleaner!
Blanks for the body of the cyclone.
The top case-cylinder from galvanized roofing steel.
The finished cone is awaiting assembly.
Propylene pipes as elements of inlet and outlet lines.
The polypropylene pipe has turned from a round and large one into a small rectangular one.
KAMAZ filter for fine air purification after a cyclone.
Polypropylene sewer outlets work great as an air line.
Indeed, the dust has become much less, and the board can be completely cleared.

HOW TO MAKE THE HOOD FOR THE WORKSHOP WITH YOUR HANDS - OPTIONS, REVIEWS AND WAYS

Do-it-yourself hood for the workshop

Required: galvanized sheet steel 1 mm thick plumbing pipes d 50 mm and adapters for them vacuum cleaner paint bucket.

I drew a sketch of the cyclone and a wiring diagram for removing dust and sawdust (see figure on page 17). Cut out blanks for the body and covers of the cyclone
He bent the edges of the straight sides of the tin body part (marked in the drawing by a dash-dotted line) to a width of 10 mm - for connection.

On cutting the pipe, he gave the resulting workpiece a rounded conical shape. He fastened the lock (bent the edges into a hook) and pressed the tin.
At the top and bottom of the body at an angle of 90 degrees, bent edges 8 mm wide for attaching the lid and the garbage bin.
I cut an oval hole in the cylinder, installed a side pipe d 50 mm in it (photo 1), which I fixed inside with a galvanized strip.
I cut a hole in the lid, fixed an inlet pipe d 50 mm in it (photo 2), fixed the finished part on the body and rolled the joint on the anvil.
The cyclone was riveted to the mouth of the bucket (photo 3). The joints of all elements were smeared with silicone sealant.
I fixed two channels of the exhaust system along the wall (photo 4) with flow change dampers (photo 5). I installed a household vacuum cleaner nearby, and put a bucket with a cyclone on the floor (see photo 3). All connected with rubber hoses.

SCHEME OF THE HOOD-CYCLONE AND PHOTO

greetings to all brain engineers! An important moment during the implementation of their brainchild is to maintain cleanliness in the workplace and in the workshop as a whole. That's what it's meant for craft of this guide is a simple dust collector with a screen.

This works homemade so: the incoming polluted air stream spins along the inner wall, due to which heavy particles of dust and debris are separated and fall into the lower trash can. When using a fan, as in my case, with such under the tree there is no need for any separate dust collection system (which requires extra space and food for accommodation, and of course, expenses).

When used in conjunction with a commercially available vacuum cleaner, this simple brain trick significantly increases the life of the filters of the vacuum cleaner, and reduces the need to periodically empty it, as a rule, a small and troublesome dust collector.

NOTE: All dimensions below are for the trash can I use. For a different capacity, they will be correspondingly different, and for high-quality functioning brain dust collector they will have to be counted.