Chimneys and ventilation ducts are the basic norms. Chimney: basic rules for design and installation. Building materials for kiln works

channels

Smoke channels (pipes) must ensure the complete removal of combustion products into the atmosphere from heating stoves and devices on solid fuel, as well as from household gas appliances and gasified stoves in order to prevent the spread of combustion products into the premises in which they are installed and operated.

Construction and installation of smoke channels (pipes) must be carried out in accordance with the design documentation, developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNiP 2.04.08-87 "Gas supply", SNiP 3.03.01-87 " Rules for the production and acceptance of work. Stone structures”, “Safety rules in the gas industry”, “Rules technical operation and labor requirements in the gas industry of the RSFSR”, “Guiding technical material. Gas outlet channels for household gas appliances. Safety requirements". RTM 204 RSFSR 3.38-81.

Construction and installation ventilation ducts should be carried out in accordance project documentation, developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" and SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Rules for the production and acceptance of work. Stone structures.

The construction of smoke and ventilation ducts is allowed subject to the availability of design materials and compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations.

The placement of smoke and ventilation ducts in heated buildings should be carried out taking into account fire safety requirements, as well as the convenience of their installation, repair, maintenance and operation.

Removal of air from heated rooms should be provided by ventilation systems with natural motivation, and free removal of combustion products from stoves and apparatuses - smoke channels (pipes).

Design of gratings installed on ventilation ducts natural systems ventilation should be such that the grid cells are always open.

Smoke and ventilation ducts should be vertical without ledges.

The flow area of ​​the channel for the removal of gas combustion products from the device must be optimal, ensuring complete removal and minimal cooling of combustion products. In all cases, the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel must not be less than the area of ​​the branch pipe of the gas appliance connected to the chimney.

Inner dimensions chimneys that provide the required cross section, depending on the heat output of the furnace or apparatus, are accepted, mm, not less than:

140 * 140 - with a thermal power of up to 3.5 kW;

140 * 200 - with a thermal power of 3.5 to 5.2 kW;

140 * 270 - with a thermal power of 5.2 to 7 kW.

Cross-sectional area round channels must not be less than the area of ​​the specified rectangular channels.

When erecting channels from solid ceramic bricks, the wall thickness is not less than 120 mm. The inner surfaces of the brickwork are not plastered, but during laying they are thoroughly cleaned of excess mortar by mopping.

Factory-made smoke ventilation ducts in the form of root pipes are made of heat-resistant concrete with a wall thickness of 60 mm or more.

Smoke ducts in fireproof internal or external walls may be made together with ventilation ducts. At the same time, they must be separated along the entire height by sealed partitions made of clay bricks with a thickness of at least 120 mm.

For cleaning from soot deposits in the bases of smoke channels and pipes, pockets with a depth of 250 mm are made.

The height of the chimneys, counting from the grate to the mouth, should be at least 5 m. The height of the exhaust chimneys located next to the chimneys should be equal to the height of these pipes.

Elevation of chimneys above the roof should be taken:

at least 2000 mm above a flat and combined roof;

at least 500 mm above the roof ridge or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet;

not lower than the roof ridge or parapet when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge or parapet;

not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon, when the chimney is located at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge.

Elevation of chimneys by 500 mm must be provided for:

above the top of the building attached to the heated building;

above the upper plane of the wind shadow of a taller adjacent building or structure.

The chimney cap must be protected from atmospheric precipitation.

Installation of umbrellas and deflectors above the pipe is prohibited.

Checking and cleaning chimneys and ventilation ducts.

Checking and cleaning of smoke and ventilation ducts must be carried out on time, in full and by the methods provided for by the requirements of these rules for the repair of furnaces and smoke ducts.

Checking the channels is carried out when newly built furnaces, chimneys are commissioned (initial check) and during the operation of furnaces, chimneys (periodic check).

According to the requirements of the “Safety Rules in the Gas Industry”, paragraph 3.88, ventilation and smoke exhaust systems must undergo periodic checks:

before the heating season - chimneys of seasonally operating gas appliances and apparatus;

at least 1 time in 3 months. - brick chimneys;

at least 1 time in 12 months. - asbestos-cement chimneys, pottery chimneys, from special blocks of heat-resistant concrete, as well as ventilation ducts.

When inspecting smoke channels, check:

compliance of the channel material with the requirements of these rules

channel wall thickness

compliance with the accepted section of the channel for the thermal power of the furnace or apparatus

the procedure for connecting furnaces and apparatuses to the smoke channel

Design and dimensions of grooves and indents

Ways to protect combustible structures from fire

Availability of devices for cleaning channels, leads, channel and hatch

Material and thickness of thermal insulation channels

Serviceability of the head and its elevation relative to the roof and the zone of wind support

Head protection from atmospheric precipitation

No clogging in channels

Density and isolation of channels

The presence of the necessary thrust, the value of which is established in the regulatory documents

When inspecting the ventilation ducts, check:

Compliance of their device and materials used with the requirements of building codes and regulations

Compliance with the dimensions of ventilation ducts to the requirements of design organizations and materials

No clogging in the channels

The presence of traction in the channels

Compliance of the air flow rate removed through the ventilation ducts with the requirements of the standards

In the smoke ducts, during periodic inspection, the condition is detected internal walls ok and the presence of sooty and resinous deposits, and also check decisions made which are given in paragraph 4. In the ventilation ducts, check for the presence of dust, fluff, cobwebs in the channels, as well as other solutions given in paragraph 5.

The results of inspections are documented in acts of primary and periodic inspection.

Chimneys by device and location are divided into:

• on wall chimneys - arranged inside the main brick walls
• root chimneys - laid out in the form of a separate brick riser
• mounted chimneys - installed directly on the furnaces

If the room has solid stone walls, then the installation of internal wall chimneys is most convenient and economical, since they do not require additional building materials and are laid out simultaneously with the walls.

Primary requirements

For each furnace, as a rule, a separate chimney or channel (hereinafter referred to as the chimney) should be provided. Since with the simultaneous firing of two furnaces, the furnace on the lower floor, with a stronger draft, will interrupt the upper one, preventing the free exit of smoke from it.

It is allowed to use a common chimney for two stoves installed on the same floor, provided that a cut is made in the form of a transverse wall between the chimneys at a height of at least 75 cm. minimum size the cross section of the common channel of the chimneys should be - at least 1x0.5 bricks.

In houses with furnace heating not allowed:
a) device exhaust ventilation artificially stimulated, not compensated by artificially stimulated inflow
b) removal of smoke into the ventilation ducts and installation of ventilation grilles on the smoke ducts

Chimneys should be located in the internal walls of the building. Laying them in the outer walls is less economical and creates difficulties in operation. Passing through the chimneys in the outer wall, the gases give off part of the heat to the unheated room, and in the atmosphere, due to the low temperature of the atmospheric air, the gases are excessively cooled, which worsens the draft. At the same time, resinous substances are released from the gases, which penetrate through the masonry and are deposited on external structure Houses.

In the case of a forced location of the chimney riser in the outer wall, the chimney wall must be thickened. The thickening of the wall is made in the form of pilasters (square or rectangular ledges on the wall).

The minimum thickness of the masonry between the chimney and the outer surface of the wall is taken depending on the design temperature of the outside air:

• at t \u003d -20 ° C and above - 38 cm (in 1.5 bricks)
• from t=-20°С to t=-30°С — 51 cm (in 2 bricks)
• from t \u003d -30 ° С and below - 65 cm (in 2.5 bricks)

For laying the foundations of furnaces, hearths and chimneys, the same materials are used as for the foundations of a house, for the main laying of furnaces, hearths, chimneys and channels in the walls - ordinary clay brick (solid).

If the walls are lined with silicate brick, cinder blocks, etc., areas with smoke channels should be laid out from ordinary (solid) clay red bricks.

Chimneys (channels) or chimneys for stoves

The height of chimneys placed at a distance equal to or greater than the height of a solid structure protruding above the roof should be taken:

• at least 500 mm - above a flat roof
• not less than 500 mm - above the roof ridge or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet
• not lower than the roof ridge or parapet - when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge or parapet
• not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 to the horizon - when the chimney is located at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge

It is allowed to connect two furnaces located in the same apartment on the same floor to one pipe. Such placement can be allowed in exceptional cases, provided that the wall is insulated from the outside by thickening the masonry or protecting it with heat-insulating fireproof materials (the method of insulation must be provided for by the project).

Then the distance between the outer surface of the walls and the nearest inner surface channels accept at least 640 mm (2.5 bricks). When connecting pipes, cuts should be provided with a thickness of 0.12 m and a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the pipe connection.

When the chimney is located in the middle of the room, the walls are laid out with a thickness of 1/2 brick, and when located near the cold outer wall buildings - in a whole brick. The thickness of the walls of chimneys or smoke channels at their junction with metal or reinforced concrete beams 130 mm should be taken.

The thickness of the walls of the channels in the internal stone walls, as well as the thickness of the partitions (cuts) between the smoke and ventilation ducts must be at least 120 mm. Furnaces, as a rule, should be placed near internal walls and partitions made of non-combustible materials, providing for their use for placing smoke channels.

Smoke channels can be placed in external walls made of non-combustible materials, insulated, if necessary, from the outside to prevent moisture condensation from exhaust gases.

In the absence of walls in which smoke channels can be placed, wall-mounted or root chimneys should be used to remove smoke. Chimneys should be made vertical without ledges from clay bricks with walls at least 120 mm thick or from heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm thick, providing in their bases pockets 250 mm deep with cleaning holes, closed by doors.

The internal surfaces of the chimneys should be smoother without mortar smudges in the seams and carelessly laid bricks. The chimney must be free of slopes and turns.
It is allowed to accept deviations of round chimneys at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical, with a distance of no more than 1 m. Inclined sections must be smooth, of constant cross section, with an area not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​​​vertical sections.

Experience shows that the cross section of the chimney is from 1/10 to 1/12, and in more favorable cases up to 1/15 of the clear size of the furnace opening. In all cases, the cross section of the chimney (if two furnaces are connected to one pipe) must be at least 14x27 cm.

brick chimneys

The cross-sectional area of ​​​​rectangular chimneys (smoke channels), depending on the heat output of the furnace according to SNiP 2.01.01-82, should be taken at least:

• 140x140 mm - with a heat output of the furnace up to 3.5 kW
• 140x200 mm - with a heat output of the furnace from 3.5 kW to 5.2 kW
• 140x270 mm - with a heat output of the furnace from 5.2 kW to 7 kW

The cross-sectional areas of channels in brick chimneys must be a multiple of the width of the brick. The mouths of brick chimneys to a height of 0.2 m should be protected from precipitation. The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on brick chimneys is not allowed.

Round asbestos-cement, ceramic or metal chimneys

The cross-sectional area of ​​the round smoke ducts must not be less than the area of ​​the specified rectangular ducts. Metal chimneys must be removed from combustible roof structures by 700 mm. At the same time, within the attic, the pipes are insulated with a layer of asbestos at least 3 mm thick and plastered over the grid cement mortar, and in places of passage through a combustible roof, they are additionally equipped with special devices in the form of sandboxes.

Flue outlets round pipes and ventilation ducts located next to them in the walls are made with a slope of at least 60 ° to the horizon and a laying (attitude) of no more than 1 m.
a) the distance from the top of the branch pipe to the ceiling of combustible materials must be at least 0.5 m in the absence of ceiling protection against fire and at least 0.4 m - with protection;
b) the distance from the bottom of the pipe to the floor of combustible or slow-burning materials must be at least 0.14 m.

Branch pipes should be taken from non-combustible materials, providing a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours. and more. Often there is smoke from the furnace from blowing the mouth of the pipe with a strong wind. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to check the condition of the wind protection device (deflector) above the chimney head, and in the absence of a device, install it.

For deflector options, see fig.

Chimneys on buildings with roofs made of combustible materials should be provided with spark arresters. For reasons of fire safety, a spark arrestor in the form of a cap with a blind cover and a wire mesh on the sides with a mesh size of not more than 3 mm is installed on the head.

You should be aware that weathercocks and deflectors can be installed on round pipes for solid fuel stoves. When burning gas, they SHOULD NOT be installed, as water vapor condenses on them. This may cause the formation of ice.

For gasified furnaces, umbrellas of a simplified design are installed on the heads of round pipes. If the walls of the pipe are subsequently plastered or insulated with asbestos-cement slabs, then it is permissible to lay out a cap with a thickness of 1/2 brick.

Chimneys (ducts) for fireplaces

The main difference between a fireplace and a stove is a much larger cross section for air to enter the furnace, which causes large air masses to be sucked into the fireplace, which causes a decrease in temperature in the flue (compared to stoves). Therefore, the draft force in the fireplace per 1 linear meter of flue height is less than in the stove.

To create normal draft, the height of the chimney of the fireplace must be correspondingly greater than that of the stove. To ensure sufficient draft during operation, it is IMPORTANT that the flue gases cool as little as possible as they travel down the chimney.

The cornice formed in the narrow section of the chimney (the so-called smoke tooth) plays important role and has a dual purpose. During the combustion process, it retains the cooled gases descending along the rear (colder) wall, not letting them into the furnace space, because. this can lead to tipping over.

Cold gases trapped by the eaves are picked up by a stream of hotter gas flowing out of the narrow section of the chimney, which forms the front wall of the fireplace and the edge of the "tooth", and are carried out into the overlying chimney.

The second purpose of the eaves is to collect falling soot deposits. In the immediate vicinity of the ledge with inside install a cleaning door through which the chimney is periodically cleaned. A damper is installed in the neck at the level of the chimney cornice to regulate draft and disconnect the fireplace from the chimney. To reduce heat loss, the walls of the chimney of the fireplace must be of sufficient thickness.

Most bad influence draft is caused by atmospheric air suction into the chimney through leaks in the masonry, as well as non-working stoves connected to a common chimney, i.e. the chimney for the fireplace must be separate from all other ducts. All leaks must be identified and eliminated.

The next condition for maintaining normal draft (without a description of the hydraulic properties of the draft) is a chimney with a round section, then comes a square and, finally, a rectangular one. This is explained by the fact that in right angles the movement of gases is difficult and, moreover, soot is often deposited in them.

Therefore, it is best to use asbestos-cement or ceramic pipes for chimneys. Chimney pipes, due to the difficulty of fitting to the chimney of the fireplace, are most often laid out square.

ventilation ducts

The wall thickness of the channels in the outer walls of buildings is taken into account the design temperature of the outside air. The height of the exhaust ventilation ducts located next to the chimneys should be taken equal to the height of these pipes.

The dimensions of the indentation (cutting) at the furnaces and smoke channels.

Retreat (cutting) is the air space between the outer surface of the furnace, chimney or smoke channel, on the one hand, and the combustible wall, partition or other building structure, on the other hand. Leave an air gap (retreat) for the entire height of the furnace or chimney.

When arranging cuttings in ceilings, an independent settlement of furnaces and pipes should be ensured. Supporting cuts on structural elements overlap is not allowed. The height of the cutting should be greater than the thickness of the ceiling by the value of the possible settlement of the building and 70 mm above the layer of combustible backfill.

Horizontal cutting in the plane of overlap should be carried out simultaneously with the main masonry.

The gaps between the overlap and the cutting should be filled with clay mortar mixed with asbestos.

For walls or partitions made of combustible and slow-burning materials, the deviation should be taken in accordance with Table 1 (see below), and for factory-made furnaces, it should be taken according to the manufacturer's documentation.

The dimensions of the offsets (cuts) of furnaces and channels, taking into account the thickness of the furnace wall, should be taken equal to:

a) 500 mm - to building structures made of combustible materials;
b) 380 mm - to a wall or partition of non-combustible materials adjacent at an angle to the front of the furnace and protected from fire from the floor to a level of 250 mm above the top of the furnace door:

• plaster on a metal mesh - 25 mm thick
• or a metal sheet on asbestos cardboard - 8 mm thick.

The dimensions of the cuts should be taken in accordance with mandatory requirements to the "retreats" given in table 1:

Table 1. Dimensions of cuts according to SNiP 2.01.01-82

The cutting should be 70 mm more than the thickness of the ceiling (ceiling). It is not necessary to support or rigidly connect the cutting of the furnace with the building structure. In the walls covering the retreat, holes should be provided above the floor and at the top with gratings with an area of ​​\u200b\u200beach free section of at least 150 cm2.

The floor in the closed retreat should be made of non-combustible materials and located 70 mm above the floor of the room.

The distance between the top of the furnace ceiling, made of three rows of bricks, should be taken:

with a ceiling made of combustible or slow-burning materials, protected with plaster on steel mesh or steel sheet on asbestos board 10 mm thick:

• 250 mm - for furnaces with a periodic firebox
• 700 mm - for furnaces long burning

and with an unprotected ceiling:

• 350 mm - for furnaces with a periodic firebox
• 1000 mm - for long-burning furnaces

For furnaces with an overlap of two rows of bricks, the indicated distances should be increased by 1.5 times. The distance between the top of the metal furnace and the ceiling should be taken:

• with thermally insulated ceiling and protected ceiling - 800 mm
• with non-insulated ceiling and unprotected ceiling - 1200 mm

Vertical cutting of furnaces and pipes installed in the openings of combustible partitions is carried out to the entire height of the furnace or pipe.

In the walls of the closed space above the furnace, two openings with gratings should be provided at different levels, each having a free cross-sectional area of ​​at least 150 cm2. The retreat is left open or sealed on both sides with bricks or other fireproof materials.

Side walls closed chamber bandaging the retreats with the main masonry of the furnace is not allowed. The floor in the air gap is lined with brick one row above the floor level of the room. The width of the retreat and the method of insulating walls and partitions in the retreats are taken in accordance with the data given in table 3:

Table 3. Types and sizes of indents

The distances from the upper planes of the ceilings of the furnaces to the combustible (or fire-proof) ceilings of the premises must be at least those indicated in Table 4:

Table 4. Distances from the top of the furnace floors to combustible ceilings, mm

The gap between the top of the thick-walled furnace and the ceiling can be closed on all sides with brick walls. In this case, the thickness of the upper ceiling of the furnace must be at least 4 rows. brickwork, and the combustible ceiling must be protected from fire.

Chimneys and roof structures

Chimneys should be taken out above the roof of higher buildings attached to the building with stove heating. The wall thickness of the chimney head above the roof must be at least the thickness of one brick.

The distance from the outer surfaces of the chimneys to the rafters, battens and other parts of the roof made of combustible and slow-burning materials should be provided in the light:

• from brick or concrete chimneys - at least 130 mm
• from ceramic pipes without insulation - 250 mm
• and for thermal insulation with resistance to heat transfer - 0.3 m2 x t ° C / W with non-combustible or slow-burning materials - 130 mm

The space between chimneys and roof structures made of non-combustible and slow-burning materials should be covered with non-combustible roofing materials. Gaps between ceilings, walls, partitions and partitions should be provided with filling with non-combustible materials.

The space between the ceiling (in front of the roof) of the heat-intensive furnace and the ceiling made of combustible and slow-burning materials can be closed on all sides with brick walls. In this case, the thickness of the furnace floor should be increased to four rows of brickwork.

To ensure the normal, uninterrupted operation of the boiler, timely cleaning of the chimney and gas channels is necessary. Moreover, the frequency of maintenance is regulated by regulatory documents - snip for chimneys for gas boilers.

According to SNIP, the chimney and ventilation ducts must be checked and cleaned:

1. Before the beginning heating season - chimneys in which boilers and heaters operate seasonally.
2. At least once a quarter combined and brick chimneys.
3. At least once a year - asbestos-cement chimneys and channels, pottery, made of heat-resistant concrete.

The initial check of the chimneys of gas boilers should touch upon such moments:

• the correct use of materials is carried out in accordance with the requirements of DBN V.2.5–20;
• the presence of channel blockages;
• checking partitions that serve as protection for combustible structures;
• how separated are the ventilation and smoke ducts;
• how serviceable and correctly located the head;
• checking the presence of normal thrust, this parameter depends on the correct construction, in particular, the height and cross section of the pipe (see).

Checking again ventilation and chimneys for blockages, their separation and density, the draft is checked:

• Checking for the first time and after repair of ventilation and chimneys is carried out by specialists. organization with the participation of the operating organization. The results obtained are included in the act.
• If the ventilation ducts and chimneys of gas boilers are recognized as unusable and unusable, the inspector is obliged to warn the owner in writing about the danger of using gas appliances.
• The SNIP chimney in private homes allows owners to clean the ventilation ducts and chimneys if they have a document on the briefing.
• Before starting the repair of ventilation ducts and chimneys of gas boilers, the operating organization that owns apartment building, is obliged to warn tenants about the start of work. After the repair is completed, all chimneys and ventilation ducts should be checked.

Requirements for premises when placing gas appliances in them

• SNiP 31-01-2003- about multi-apartment residential buildings;

• SNiP 41-01-2003- all about air conditioning, ventilation and heating;

• SNiP 42-01-2002- instructions on gas distribution systems;

• SP 31-106-2002- talk about the creation of the project and the construction of single-family houses used for living;

• SP 42-101-2003- on the construction and design of gas distribution systems from pipes of various inputs.

What does the letter of the law say?

1. The room in which the gas water heater will be located and the chimney of the gas boiler is provided for the removal of combustible products must meet certain requirements, not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings is regulated. So, the height of the ceilings should be at least 2 meters. The amount of space is not less 7.5 m³ to install one device, and no less 13.5 m³ for two units.
2. The room must also be equipped with a ventilation duct. In the lower part of the door or wall, a grate or a passage between the floor and the door should be provided, where the free section should be at least 0.02 m².
3. Attention: It is unacceptable to remove smoke into the ventilation duct. It is forbidden to install ventilation grilles on the smoke channels.
4. In rooms with a standard exhaust, it is required to compensate for the removed air by penetrating it from outside the room, as well as by replacing it from the rest of the area of ​​this apartment.
5. Attention: When the windows are hermetically installed in the room, it is possible to turn off the column due to the inconsistent air supply. This is due to the automation of the column itself.
6. in the bathroom and utility rooms doors should open outwards.
7. In the bathroom, the installation of sockets and switches is strictly prohibited.

Requirements for chimneys

General rules

Depending on the conditions of use, chimneys may have different design. Its uninterrupted operation and efficiency depend on the quality of the chimney and the material.

Their installation is carried out in accordance with the requirements set forth in DBN V.2.5-20-2001 and SNiP 2.04.05–91.

Incorrect design and use, improper connection to thermal equipment may cause malfunction and accident.

This manual describes the principles of operation and installation of chimneys, sets out the fire safety requirements that are reflected in the documentation.

• SNiP 41-01-2003— «Air conditioning, ventilation, heating»;
• NPB 252–98- "Heat-generating devices that work on different types fuel. Test Method";
• GOST 9817–95 - « household appliances who work for various types fuel. Specifications";
• VDPO- "Rules for production work, repair of smoke channels and furnaces."

SNIP chimneys must comply in full. After commissioning the chimney, a chimney inspection certificate is issued.

The installation rules are:

The chimney rules say that the placement of smoke channels is allowed inside walls made of non-combustible materials. If there are no such walls, it is required to use corona and packed pipes (clause 3.69.SNiP-91).

The sections of the chimney passing through unheated rooms and from the outside of the building are subject to thermal insulation so that there is no condensation of thermal vapors and flue gas in the inside of the chimney (4.2.16. VDPO).

According to the requirements of VDPO and SNiP-91, it is allowed to place the following chimney options:

• At modular system chimneys are prohibited:
  1. Melting with flammable liquids.
  2. Melting with firewood larger than the size of the firebox itself.
  3. Drying clothes, shoes and other items on chimney parts.
  4. Removal of soot by burning.
  5. It is forbidden to operate the unit in a method that is not indicated in the manual.
  6. Filling fire with water in the firebox.
  7. Apply chlorine to its compounds.

The chimneys must be checked by a qualified person at least twice during the heating period. To ensure the operation of the thermal unit, an inspection of the chimneys should be carried out, and this should be done by specialists.

• When two boilers are connected to the chimney, the cross section of the pipe is determined during their joint operation DBN V.2.5-20-2001 (Appendix G, Item No. 6). The dimensions of the chimneys are determined by calculation, which is indicated in the technical documentation.
• Gas appliances are not household purpose(digestive boilers, restaurant equipment) are allowed to be connected to common chimneys.
• It is allowed to install flue pipes with an exit through one, in this case an additional calculation of the pipe section must be made.
• Emission of exhaust gases for several appliances is allowed. The calculation should be made at different levels, according to DBN V.2.5-20-2001 (Appendix G, Item No. 3).
• The cross section and height of the chimney is determined taking into account the operation of all devices simultaneously, DBN V.2.5-20-2001.

Chimneys made in accordance with SNIP work efficiently and do not contradict legislative norms.

Pipe connections

Installation requires welding. Quality control welding work regulated in SNiP 3.05. 03.85 5.

• Join gas water heaters and other gas appliances to the chimney are required by pipes that are made using roofing steel.
• The length of the connected pipes must not exceed 3 meters in new buildings and more 6 meters in already existing ones.
• The slope of the pipe in relation to the appliance must be at least 0,01.
• On pipes that remove smoke, no more than 3 bends are allowed, the radius should not be less than the diameter of the pipe.
• The connection of pipes must be tight, the entry of one pipe into another must be at least half the diameter of the pipe.
• If the pipes are made of black iron, they must be painted with a fire-resistant varnish.

Attention: If the above requirements are violated, the water heaters must be disconnected from the gas supply.

THE GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW

RESOLUTION

On the approval of the Moscow standard,
determining the scope of activities and work
to ensure safe operation
chimneys and ventilation ducts
gasified houses

Repealed from January 1, 2005 on the basis of
Decrees of the Government of Moscow
dated November 2, 2004 N 758-PP
____________________________________________________________________

In pursuance of paragraph 2 of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 17.04.2001 N 364-PP "On the state of the gas facilities of Moscow and measures to improve its reliability and safe operation" and in accordance with the Law of the City of Moscow dated 13.11.96 N 30 "On the establishment of standards for the operation of the housing stock of the city of Moscow and control over their observance" Moscow Government

decides:

1. Approve the Moscow standard for the operation of the housing stock "Measures to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses" (appendix), developed by the Gas Technical Inspectorate of the Moscow Housing Inspection and the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement, agreed by the Moscow City Department of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia .

2. Establish that from September 1, 2001, the operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts in gasified houses must be carried out strictly in accordance with the standard being put into effect (clause 1).

3. The Gas Technical Inspectorate of the Moszhilinspektsiya, in case of violation of the requirements of the standard, shall apply to the perpetrators the measures of responsibility provided for by law.

4. To impose control over the implementation of this resolution on the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of Moscow Nikolsky B.V.

Prime Minister of the Moscow Government
Yu.M. Luzhkov

Application. Moscow standard for the operation of the housing stock "Measures to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses"

Effective date - 2001

This standard was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Safety Rules in the gas industry, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated 05.25.2000 N 27, SNiP 2.04-08-87 * "Gas supply", SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". Establishes the scope of measures and works to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses. It is mandatory for executive authorities, district administrations, state municipal and other organizations that manage the housing stock, its operation and maintenance. The regulation applies to existing, overhauled and newly constructed chimneys and ventilation ducts.

1. Maintenance and repair of smoke and ventilation ducts is carried out by specialized organizations of cleaners that have an appropriate license under contracts with housing maintenance organizations.

2. Chimneys must be tight, separate, vertical, without ledges. It is allowed to slope the chimneys from the vertical at an angle of 30 degrees with a horizontal distance of at least 1 m, while the cross section of the channel must be maintained along its entire length. The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney must not be less area pipe of a gas appliance connected to a chimney. In existing buildings, it is allowed to connect no more than two water heaters to one chimney, provided that combustion products are introduced into the chimney at different levels, not closer than 75 cm from each other or at the same level with the device in the chimney, a cut to a height of at least 75 cm. The calculation of the chimney should be produced with the simultaneous operation of two water heaters. Crossing of smoke and ventilation ducts by gas pipelines, water pipes, electrical cables is strictly prohibited.

3. Control over the quality of the repair of smoke and ventilation ducts is assigned to housing maintenance organizations.

4. Works on the repair of chimneys and ventilation ducts are carried out according to schedules agreed with the contractor.

5. Checking the smoke channels is carried out in the following terms:

a) brick - 1 time in 3 months;

b) asbestos-cement, pottery and heat-resistant concrete blocks - 1 time in 12 months.

An initial check (for tightness and isolation, for the absence of blockages and for the presence of traction) is carried out annually in the third quarter during the preparation of houses for winter. In new-build houses, the initial check is carried out at the time of acceptance of the house into operation.

6. Checking the ventilation ducts in all gasified houses is carried out - 1 time in 12 months.

7. In the period from November to April, inspect the chimney caps in order to prevent their freezing and blockage, marking the results of the checks in a special journal. Control over the implementation is carried out by the heads of the housing maintenance organization.

8. If faulty chimneys are found, the devices connected to them are subject to immediate disconnection from the gas supply, residents are warned against a signature about the danger of using gas water heaters.

9. Before the start of scheduled work on the repair of chimneys, gas appliances connected to them must be turned off by employees of the State Unitary Enterprise of Moscow "Mosgaz" in accordance with the notification received from the contractor.

10. Connection of gas appliances after the repair of chimneys should be carried out only after the receipt of an act on the technical condition of the chimney by the employees of the State Unitary Enterprise of Moscow "Mosgaz".

11. Based on the results of regular, extraordinary and post-repair inspections and cleaning of smoke and ventilation ducts, acts of the established form are drawn up.

12. The technical condition of the iron connecting pipes (ZHST) is checked according to the following parameters:

The total length is not more than 3 m in new buildings and not more than 6 m in existing ones;

The number of turns - no more than 3, with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the pipe;

The links must be tightly pushed one into the other along the exhaust gases - not less than 0.5 pipe diameter;

When connected to the chimney, the ZHS should not cross the channel section and have a restrictive washer or corrugation;

The height of the vertical section - at least 50 cm, in rooms with a height of 2.7 m - at least 25 cm is allowed;

Slope - not less than 0.01 (1 cm per 1 running meter) towards the gas appliance;

Coloring - fire-resistant varnish;

The presence of fire-prevention cutting at the intersection of fire-retardant partitions;

Distance from ZHST to ceiling and walls:

a) from non-combustible materials - at least 5 cm;

b) from slow-burning materials - not less than 25 cm.

13. Availability and compliance with the norms of a "pocket" for collecting garbage in the chimney with a hatch for cleaning - at least 25 cm from the lower edge of the ZhST.

14. The technical condition of the smoke channels in the attic is monitored:

The presence of grout, whitewash and numbering;

The presence of a fire cut equal to 50 cm to the building structure made of combustible materials and 38 cm for structures made of non-combustible materials.

15. In production repair work And maintenance chimneys and ventilation ducts comply with fire safety requirements.

16. The technical condition of the smoke channels above the roof is monitored:

Plastering, whitewashing, numbering;

Head ironing;

Lack of umbrellas and deflectors on chimneys;

The correct location of the head relative to the ridge of the roof and closely spaced structures, trees - the absence of a zone of wind backwater:

a) 0.5 m above the roof ridge when they are located (counting horizontally) no more than 1.5 m from the roof ridge;

b) level with the roof ridge, if they are 1.5-3 m from the roof ridge;

c) below the roof ridge, but not below a straight line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon, if they are located more than 3 m from the ridge.

In all cases, the height of the pipe above the adjacent part of the roof must be at least 0.5 m, for houses with a combined roof ( flat roof) at least 2 m.

17. Control over the presence and condition of ladders, scaffolds and parapet gratings on the roof is carried out.

Unfortunately, in most cases, a fire does not occur from the moment of the first test heating, as well as a lack of oxygen in the house and the presence of carbon monoxide is not felt on the very first day - on the contrary, everything can be fine in the first months. But after a year of active operation of a problematic chimney or faulty ventilation ducts, a fire can occur, a disease may develop or engineering Communication they just suddenly fall into disrepair.

And therefore, it is important not only to know the rules for operating chimneys and ventilation ducts of a residential building, but also to carry out timely revision and prevention, which this article will be about.

You can download the official rules for the operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts in .pdf format:

This short document discusses how chimneys and ventilation ducts should be checked in apartment building, and which authorities are responsible for this control. But specifically in this article, we will pay more attention to the safety of operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts of a residential private house or bath, which are rarely talked about, although there are many important points. Read the article carefully - you will be surprised!

Any chimney is always the most dangerous source of fire in the house. And all due to the fact that the temperature of the flue gases is prohibitively high. Therefore, even the slightest violation of the chimney installation inside a residential building can lead to dangerous consequences. But the chimney is important not only to install it correctly - it is important to use it correctly and take care of it.

What is included in the concept of fire safety?

To begin with, we propose to understand in more detail the concept of fire safety in the operation of a chimney.

Fire safety is the state of an object (and we are talking about a chimney), which is characterized by the ability to quickly prevent the occurrence and development of a fire. fire safety operation of a residential building can be divided into the following: the safety of the floor, ceiling and walls that are nearby, as well as the safety of the chimney itself. This means that the insulation of the room must be not only effective, but environmentally friendly, so that when heated, it does not emit any harmful substances.

In other words, it should not be a source of the very chemical elements that cause cancer (carcinogens). Only natural safe materials based on stone fibers, fiberglass stone and stainless metal can be used.

The second point: the chimney must be properly installed and operated:

Control over the heating temperature of a single and double-circuit chimney

Fires caused by problems with the chimney are often caused by the ignition of soot, and it lights up from high temperatures. What leads to this? So, for example, paper and burning plastic give out the highest temperature, and firewood of certain types of wood already follows them.

Many people think that it’s good if the soot burns out, it will not be necessary to clean the chimney in the summer, but often it simply destroys the chimney pipe from the inside, which is not prepared for such high temperatures. That is why chimneys, which were originally designed by the manufacturer for low temperature conditions, and the combustion temperature of their firewood is high. Let's compare different breeds wood according to the ability to burn hot in the oven:

• Pine - 624°C;
• Hornbeam - 1022°C;
• Poplar - 468°C;
• Oak - 840-900 ° C;
• Aspen - 612°C;
• Larch - 865°C;
• Ash, beech - 1044°C;
• Birch - 816°C;
• Alder - 552°C;
• Acacia - 708 ° C.

Impressive? That's why, apart from compliance general rules, you always need to make sure that the outer contour of the chimney cannot heat up more than the metal from which it is made is designed:

For example, the most common cause fires of private houses and baths - this is a 0.5 mm stainless steel chimney, which is placed on wood stoves, although it was originally intended only for gas. Unfortunately, at first glance, it is difficult to distinguish a gas chimney from a wood-burning one. You just need to read the label on the pipe and consult with the seller.

But this is only one of two factors. The degree of heating of the external circuit also depends on what kind of internal insulation was used and what is its thickness:

Correct arrangement and functioning of the chimney of a residential building

One of the most important rules for ensuring the fire safety of the chimney of a private house is the thermal insulation of the chimney and correct device his designs.

Please also note that from the outer surface of such pipes to the lathing and roof rafters, there must be a distance that corresponds to that prescribed in modern SNIPs 2.04.05-91:

1. For concrete and brick pipes, this is 130 mm;
2. For ordinary ceramic (without additional thermal insulation) this is 250 meters;
3. For pipes in which insulation is present, this is also 130 mm;
4. For pipes assembled with a stainless steel sandwich module, this is a distance of 150-160 from the inner walls of the pipe (according to European standards)

We go further. Where the roof and ceiling are in contact with the chimney, the components must be made of non-combustible materials. This mineral wool, metal plates, special processing for wood with fire-retardant mastic and other materials that modern shops of building stores are full of.

It is especially important to take care of the fire safety of the pre-furnace site, if there is one - it is also made of non-combustible materials if it is performed. Then you need to buy ceramic tiles, metal sheets or stone slabs. It’s good if you additionally build a half-brick wall against the wall where the stove or fireplace is attached.

So, the safe operation of a chimney in a private house implies:

1. The chimney must be installed by a professional, or at least inspected by him at the end of the installation.
2. Most of the chimney modules must be made of 400 series stainless steel, with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm, and the remaining parts are allowed from 300 stainless steel, but with a thickness of at least 1 mm.
3. The stove, fireplace or boiler is heated with the type of firewood for which they are designed.

And this is just the beginning! The chimney must be monitored, cleaned and protected throughout the entire period of its operation.

Self-inspection of the chimney of a residential building

So, during self-examination, first of all, check the chimney for cracks. Initially, the modules of a metal chimney should not only be connected to each other, but also smeared with silicone sealant at the seams.

If we are talking about a brick chimney, the smoke from it should also not seep anywhere at all. If it still leaks, this is evidence that oxygen is sucked into the chimney somewhere and reacts with gases. In such a chimney, with only one spark, a fire can easily form. But even a sandwich module from the fire burns out from the inside and causes a fire.

Therefore, every year, step by step, you need to check your chimney for problems that may not be initially visible to the eye:

Pay special attention to such a moment: are there any on the walls white plaque? Fireplace or stove insert raw firewood it is fraught with the fact that due to moisture a white crust of wet soot forms on the walls of the chimney, and an ordinary brush will not help - you need a special scraper. And this is a more complex cleaning technology, because in this case it is easy to damage the surface of the chimney from the inside and give rise to corrosion. Therefore, if you have to resort to such a procedure, get a good brush from modern manufacturers that are designed specifically for chimneys.

As you may have guessed, the most a difficult situation- with a brick chimney. If it was not specially inserted into it metal pipe to protect its walls from corrosive soot, then you will have to mess with it a lot. Inspect carefully such a chimney: if you see a blockage of broken bricks, then the chimney itself is already collapsing from the inside and urgent repairs are needed. Namely, inserting a pipe - sleeve. If this is not done on time, the brickwork runs the risk of collapsing at any moment.

For sleeve, a part of the chimney is disassembled and a pipe is inserted, then a new brickwork is made. Naturally, all this can be organized only in the warm season, when the stove does not work. But, in principle, the design itself, when brick chimney accommodates an additional pipe from of stainless steel one of the most reliable.

But all the same, every six months it is necessary to inspect, clean and prevent such a chimney. If you suspect that the chimney may be problematic or you do not have firewood yourself best quality, then what kind of prophylaxis should be done every two months or even more often. And keep in mind that firewood from spruce and pine has a large amount of resins and is especially harmful to pipes - it is better to refuse them altogether.

Regular cleaning of the chimney from soot and internal blockage

Now for some fun physics. When burning firewood from wood, a white, translucent smoke is formed (after all, water vapor is present in the wood), and the smoke becomes black if fine carbon - soot rises into the chimney.

At the end of combustion, only coals and ash remain, which do not burn with an open flame, but only smolder and react with atmospheric oxygen and also emit carbon dioxide and water vapor. It is precisely the creosote released at this moment that poses the greatest danger to the chimney, because the water vapor that comes from the wood at this moment sticks together such particles and they settle not only on the walls of the chimney, but also on the details of the heater. And at the same time form resinous deposits!

Let's talk about soot in the chimney (believe me, it's more serious than you think). It appears when the fuel does not burn completely. And this already depends on its type, quality, incoming air and combustion temperature.

The soot itself happens dusty, glossy and even porous.

• For ignition pulverized just one spark is enough. Such soot creates a porous substance on the walls of the chimney, consisting of ash and a small amount of coal. Even with a sharp increase in draft or ignition of paper, pulverized soot can ignite, and the flame can reach the top of the chimney. Such a fire usually leads to overheating and cracking in the pipe, but the sparks that fly out of the chimney are also dangerous (especially when the weather is windy and hot).
• Here is the fire glossy soot leads to critical temperatures on the walls of the chimney. Such soot creates a dense, flammable layer and, when burned, can even reach 1000 degrees Celsius. This is an overload on the chimney, and if it is old or cracked, then it risks simply not being able to withstand it. In this case, the ignition of such soot can be both fast and slow. With fast, the upper temperature, in principle, does not have time to reach the maximum value, but slow combustion can last up to several hours or heat the pipe walls so much that cracks begin to appear. The slow ignition of glossy is the most dangerous, because it is accompanied by strong gas formation, and clouds of smoke create whole plugs in the pipe.
• porous soot is not as dangerous as glossy, although it is similar in structure to it. Such a layer forms on the walls of the chimney when too hot flue gases enter the chimney. But everything is also subject to sudden ignition.

All this greatly reduces the efficiency of the chimney, accelerates its wear and even provokes corrosion, and in especially neglected cases, a real fire occurs. That is why it is useful to put a chemical soot remover along with firewood from time to time. It is made in different formats and different contents, but usually from a mixture of special crystals, which act as catalysts during combustion, destroying the structure of resinous deposits. After that, only a fragile soot husk remains on the walls of the chimney, and it, in turn, easily splits, burns out and falls asleep.

That is why it is so important to choose in all seriousness from the outset reliable pipe for the chimney, because manufacturers specifically indicate in the passport resistance to soot ignition for this purpose. Therefore, if you have the opportunity now to purchase another chimney (if there are doubts about the old one), which will withstand the necessary loads and even more. After all, there is a huge difference in whether you heat a fireplace or a stove more for decorative effect or infrequent cooking (for example, the stove is in a barbecue gazebo, or this stove will heat your entire house). If you ignore at least one of the manufacturer's requirements, then it will not end in anything good, believe me.

If you are wondering where condensation can come from in the chimney, we will explain in more detail. Moisture itself is always in the air, in any room - just in different quantities. It is not noticeable to the eye, because. is in the state of finely dispersed droplets. There are more of them in a residential building than, say, in a workshop or in an attic.

And it is moisture that enters the furnace and chimney with air, and in its cold part it condenses, settling on the pipes in the form of drops. And such condensate is bad not only for the chimney, as it corrodes it from the inside, but also in the sense that it allows soot to simply stick to the walls. As a result, due to condensate, draft is disturbed, because the passage for air becomes less and less. And finally, moisture reacts with soot, forming a particularly aggressive acid, which gradually destroys the metal. The modern sandwich chimney has the least problems with all this, although it must also be protected from damp firewood.

Ventilation ducts: ensuring air flow

In addition, unfortunately, modern building materials and furniture in most cases do not have high environmental performance. And all these harmful substances are released into the air. Of course, if there is only one such source of carcinogenic substances in a residential building, then it is not dangerous in itself (its influence is insignificant and the human body more or less removes all toxins received during the day) and the manufacturer is absolutely clean before the law.

But there is such a thing as cumulative correlation, which takes into account that a person will breathe harmful elements not only today, but also tomorrow. And if he has certain health and metabolic problems, then a toxic plastic shelf or wallpaper will still be harmful. And after all, this is not taking into account the fact that such household items and things are far from being surrounded by the average person in the same quantity.

From this situation, there is a simple and affordable solution - high-quality ventilation. Constant inflow fresh air and the removal of the old one can easily remove all the inhabitants of the periodic table penetrating into the air and thus reduce the mentioned Negative influence almost to zero.

For quite a long time in Russia there was a practice to organize the flow of fresh air into the room due to leakage in the building structures. In other words, old wooden windows remarkably ventilated the room, but modern double-glazed windows, unfortunately, completely seal it. It’s good if you can put the glass window in the micro-ventilation mode or open it completely, but sometimes they forget about it in winter or simply save on heating.

In this case, it is essential to install forced system ventilation, which will supply fresh air in the room, cleaner and warmer. Or you can also resort to such a artisanal method as through hole under the window sill (preferably above the heating convector). To do this, a small hole is punched, and the air from it comes directly from the street. If necessary, use an adjustable damper. Thus, the air is also warmed up.

In addition to providing a healthy indoor climate, ventilation is necessary for the proper functioning of any fireplace or stove. For this purpose, they provide for the organization of air flow, counting it for 200-300 square meters per hour, if the furnace closed type, and 800-1000 square meters per hour if it is open type.

And finally, watch a short news story about how important it is to monitor the normal functioning of chimneys and ventilation ducts, and how to notice the first signs of problems:

Be careful and take care of your own health and life!