Optimal size for blocks - 20x20x20 cm or 20x20x40 cm. Due to the small dimensions, the process of laying the material, as well as the manufacture itself, becomes convenient and simple. It should also be taken into account that for special types of work it may be necessary to make halves.
For the manufacture of concrete blocks with voids, a special form is needed.
Concrete blocks should be made on compacted soil or on a flat area (for example, built from boards). The surface must be covered with oilcloth or a dense film. The forms in which the blocks are formed are made without a bottom. They are knocked down from boards, chipboard or plywood sheets, and sheathed with sheet metal on top. Several inserts are made from wood logs, with the help of which voids will form in the blocks, due to which construction material becomes lighter and warmer. The edges of the logs are sheathed with metal and handles are mounted to them, which in the further process will help without extra effort pull out the liners from the setting cinder block.
Experts say that it is most convenient to do several forms at the same time. For their construction, it is necessary to knock down or fasten with screws a frame with a height of sides equal to the height of the block, in the middle of which insert plywood partitions. By the way, you should first install the longitudinal partitions, and then put the transverse ones on them.
All elements and details of the formwork must be smeared with drying oil or machine oil, as a result of which the hardened blocks will be much easier to remove from the mold.
Concrete mix laying
Necessary materials:
- cement;
- fine gravel;
- sand;
- lime;
- water;
- hard reinforcing wire.
Grain size of gravel can reach 1 cm.
The amount of materials depends on the required number of finished blocks. Cement, sand and gravel are taken in a ratio of 1:3:5.
Blocks are made of concrete based on a mixture of gravel and sand. Fine gravel, sand, lime (in small portions), cement are poured into a metal basin. Thoroughly mix the constituent elements, and then add water. There should be just enough water so that there are no problems during laying in the formwork (the mass should not be liquid).
The strength grade of such a material will be approximately 135 kgf / sq. cm. The size of the aggregate grains can reach 1 cm. The insert cores for the formation of voids are laid in the mold when the solution is already filled and compacted with a thickness of 2 cm. To fix the distance of the core, it is recommended to install special rails between the mold wall and the core, about 4 cm wide. These slats can only be removed after the concrete has been loaded and compacted to a third of the mold height.
The bottom of the form can be covered with old newspapers, which will prevent the block from seizing with the previous base. The mixture during laying should be semi-dry. That is, taken into a fist, compressed into a lump and then located on a flat surface (for example, on a board), the mass should not spread.
Each formwork compartment is filled with a maximum of half a solution, after which a reinforcing rigid wire is laid.
To prepare the solution at home, you can use a stationary concrete mixer.
Some craftsmen make blocks using cinder blocks as heat-insulating air chambers. glass bottles. To do this, plug the bottles with corks and install them in the middle of the block. After that, the forms are filled to the top, the solution is compacted, and then smoothed with a trowel.
Freeze homemade blocks rather quickly - within 3-4 days, after which they can be safely removed from the formwork. However, this does not mean that they are completely dry. They can be used in construction no earlier than two weeks later.
Often used for private and commercial construction concrete blocks. The most popular variety of this artificial stone is aerated concrete, or in other words autoclaved porous concrete. It has unsurpassed energy-saving and heat-insulating properties, light weight and easy to process. In addition, it is easy to do it yourself.
The technology for manufacturing aerated concrete blocks for individual needs and on an industrial scale will be the topic of today's article.
Preparatory stage
Materials for production
The use of aerated concrete blocks in construction has many advantages.
We list the main ones:
- one 30-kilogram block can simultaneously replace about 30 bricks, which affects the construction time of the building;
- the light weight of porous concrete makes it possible to build private housing construction without the use of cranes and other special equipment;
- autoclaved gas blocks are easy to work with conventional plumbing tools.
The simplicity of the manufacturing process makes it possible to produce required amount of this building stone directly on the construction site or next to it.
All you need is an instruction describing the whole process, and raw materials:
- water;
- cement;
- lime;
- quartz sand.
Note!
To obtain a porous structure of aerated concrete, a suspension of aluminum powder is used.
This is an active substance that can harm human health.
Remember to use protective gear.
Devices and mechanisms
Not so long ago, the complexity of the technology did not allow the production of various concrete blocks at home, without the use of specialized production lines. At present, the situation has changed dramatically. There is equipment for: for the manufacture of aerated concrete blocks, for cinder blocks, for bricks and so on.
In the case when aerated concrete is produced not for own needs, but for the purpose of subsequent sale, it makes sense to pay attention to other equipment:
- semi-automatic production lines producing 2-4 cubic meters finished products per day - good for individual entrepreneurship or medium-sized enterprises;
- automatic production complexes that allow the production of up to 100 cubic meters of aerated concrete blocks in 24 hours - suitable for a large enterprise engaged in the production of building materials.
Manufacturing process
The main part of the technological process
The production of aerated concrete blocks begins with the mixing of raw materials. Given that this building material has a porous structure and low weight, a fairly large number of finished elements are obtained from a small amount of sand, cement and lime.
For convenience of presentation, we will divide the further process into several stages:
- Lime, water, cement and quartz sand are poured into a concrete mixer, where they are thoroughly mixed.. After 5-10 minutes, a small amount of aluminum powder dissolved in water is added there. This substance, having entered into chemical reaction with lime, promotes the release of hydrogen. It is this gas that forms pores in the block with sizes from 1 to 2 mm, which occupy the entire volume of aerated concrete.
- Immediately after adding the aluminum suspension, the mixture is poured into special molds, where it swells, increasing in volume several times.
- So that the pores are evenly distributed, and the aerated concrete hardens faster, the forms are placed on a special table or platform, where the future aerated concrete is subjected to prolonged vibration loads.
- On last step with metal strings from the top edge finished products irregularities are cut off, and the blocks are calibrated to the desired size.
Advice!
In order to quickly cut and calibrate aerated concrete, special milling machines can be used.
Autoclaving
Equipment for the manufacture of aerated concrete blocks includes autoclave chambers. In them, hardened blanks are subjected to 12-hour steam treatment at a temperature of 190 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 12 kgf / sq. cm.
After this procedure, aerated concrete acquires greater strength and a homogeneous structure, and also gives minimal shrinkage after construction is completed.
It can be used as:
- heat insulator;
- sound insulator;
- material for bearing walls.
By the way, the excellent energy-saving qualities of aerated concrete, which has an excellent thermal conductivity coefficient, makes it possible to build houses from blocks up to 400 mm thick without using additional materials, retaining heat ( mineral wool, polypropylene, polystyrene).
Non-autoclave method
In the manufacture of aerated concrete, it is not necessary to autoclave it. But such material will be less durable and have worse characteristics.
Finished product properties
The aerated concrete obtained by the method described above has the following properties:
- low density (comparable to the density of a solid pine) - it is 5 times less than that of monolithic concrete and 3 times - at the brick;
- compressive strength, which allows the construction of 2 and 3-storey buildings from aerated concrete;
- moisture absorption, which does not exceed 20%, which is comparable with the same brick;
- frost resistance is 2 times greater than that of a brick;
- high thermal conductivity - 2 times less than that of pine, 15 - for concrete;
- excellent soundproofing properties - with a wall thickness of 300 mm, it completely isolates sound with a power of 60 dB;
- withstands exposure to an open flame at a temperature of 900 degrees Celsius for 4 hours;
- aerated concrete is easy to saw with a conventional hacksaw for wood;
- the cost of its purchase or manufacture is lower than that of similar materials.
Conclusion
The video in this article will help you learn more about the production technology of various building materials.
One of the most common materials for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of residential buildings, as well as small industrial buildings, are concrete blocks. Their popularity is due to low cost, excellent performance and a large number of varieties, which allows you to choose the right unit for almost any task.
The instructions given in this article will allow you to learn how to make concrete blocks yourself, as well as introduce them to their existing types.
Concrete blocks for walls
Varieties of artificial stones made of concrete
Consider the main types + characteristics of building concrete blocks, which are most common in modern construction.
cinder block
These wall stones are made using the concrete mortar vibrocompression method on special platforms.
The composition of the mixture from which the cinder block is made may include:
- crushed stone for concrete products;
- brick fight;
- sawdust;
- expanded clay.
Specifications concrete blocks with slag leave much to be desired, but due to the fact that their price is one of the lowest on the market, the cinder block is widely used in private construction.
But the cost is almost the only advantage, as they lag far behind other materials in the following parameters:
- durability;
- heat-saving parameters;
- strength.
The main scope of blocks - small buildings, which will not be subjected to heavy load:
- sheds;
- garages;
- summer kitchens;
- workshops and so on.
Photo of cinder block
A less common material that is made from the following components:
- organic matter (mainly wood);
- binding element (powder);
- hardener.
In fact, this artificial stone consists of sawdust enclosed in a concrete shell.
The advantages of the material are obvious:
- light weight of the concrete block;
- high thermal insulation properties;
- good sound insulation;
- efficient air exchange.
To protect blocks from negative impacts environment, stones are treated with a special solution. This inhibits the formation of mold and prevents rotting.
Arbolit is perfect for construction small houses, which are suitable for year-round use without the use of additional thermal insulation.
Arbolite block
Gas blocks and foam blocks
Cellular concrete blocks according to GOST, which determines their technical characteristics, should consist of 70-85% artificially created pores (cells) filled with air. The most common are foam and gas blocks.
These materials have the following advantages:
- have a low weight, as a result of which the transportation of concrete blocks and their installation in private construction does not require the use of special equipment;
- easy to process - you can give the necessary shape to the cellular block using an ordinary hacksaw for wood;
- walls made of cellular concrete blocks hold heat well and have excellent soundproofing properties.
Cellular concrete blocks are made from a mortar that includes sand, cement and aggregate. To form foam, lime, aluminum powder or other foaming agent is added to it.
Note!
Unlike foam concrete, aerated concrete undergoes additional processing in an autoclave oven, where it is exposed to high temperature under great pressure(10-12 MPa).
As a result, this material acquires increased strength: it is almost impossible to crumble or break it.
Aerated concrete block
Independent production of blocks
Technology for the production of artificial stone from cement mortar with filler is relatively simple, which allows you to make blocks of concrete yourself.
Preparatory work
On initial stage determine the size of the future block. When self-manufacturing parameters of each individual element taken based on the required width of the wall.
The thickness of the bottom of the block should not be less than 2 cm, and the walls of the voids should not be less than 4 cm. In this case, a standard stone measuring 20x20x40 cm with voids inside weighs about 40 kg, which makes it convenient for laying walls.
For manufacturing, you will need any flat area covered with plastic wrap and special shapes without a bottom.
The material for the forms will be:
- boards;
- plywood.
To protect the tree from damage, inner part forms are sheathed with sheet metal. Liners are made in the same way, thanks to which voids are formed in the finished block. They improve the thermal insulation properties of the material and make it lighter.
Concrete block molds
Do-it-yourself concrete blocks can be produced faster if you make several forms at once in one block. This requires plywood or a board with a width equal to the height of the future block. The material is sawn into pieces and fastened with self-tapping screws. Next, internal partitions are made.
Advice!
In order for the frozen block to be easily separated from the mold, all its parts must be lubricated with kerosene, machine oil or antifreeze.
Manufacturing process
For casting blocks from concrete mix you will need the following materials:
- gravel with a fine fraction;
- cement;
- sand;
- water;
- lime;
- reinforcement wire.
The quantity of each of the components is determined based on your needs for artificial stone. The proportions of cement, sand and gravel are taken in a ratio of 1:3:5.
For mixing concrete mortar, it is better to use a concrete mixer.
For the convenience of presentation, we will divide the entire subsequent process into several stages.
Self made concrete block
The technology described above allows, without much effort, to make concrete blocks with your own hands. The technical characteristics of finished products will practically not be inferior to analogues that are sold in building supermarkets, and the size will perfectly match your needs. In addition, this way you can significantly reduce the cost of purchasing building materials and their delivery.
The video in this article will help you to get acquainted with the material in more detail.
People at all times have taken care of the safety of their home and usually one of the measures taken for this was the construction of a fence. These designs are different, for example, from metal, which is very expensive, and from wood, which requires permanent care. Now there is a wonderful option - a fence made of decorative concrete blocks, from which you can build a really reliable and impressive fence. The fence of them is universal, and the terms of its construction are very short, because it is very easy to work with these materials. In addition, concrete blocks for the fence can have a different texture and color, so you can get an original, unlike any other, fence.
Benefits of block fences
Concrete blocks for the fence are hollow, clay, and they can also be made from artificial stone. The shape of the masonry and its pattern depends on the choice of the customer and skillful hands installers. The surface can be smooth, torn, with a certain pattern.
The decorative block has a very good quality- It's the same on both sides. That is, the fence both outside and inside will have an attractive, beautiful view. These designs are not afraid of temperature changes, humidity, fire resistant. The area they enclose will be protected from noise and dust.
As for the shortcomings, then, perhaps, this is the need to build a foundation when building a fence from blocks, as well as a rather laborious process of erecting a fence itself.
Peculiarities
Concrete blocks for the fence are suitable for erecting a fence around a cottage or cottage. These modern materials are small concrete plates, not monumental boulders. Notches, holes can be applied to them, so they are smooth. Blocks can imitate cobblestone or brickwork. Although the thickness of the products can be quite small, they still have an excellent strength factor.
Installation
Before you start building a fence, you need to mark the site. First, mark the lines along which it will be laid strip foundation. It freezes for about a day, but before this happens, reinforcement must be inserted into it. Concrete blocks for the fence will then be strung on its vertical bars. They must be pressed into the masonry mortar with force, which will ensure maximum structural strength. The cavities of the blocks also need to be filled with a solution. Between the blocks there are seams, the width of which is 10-12 millimeters, there should be no voids in them. Excess solution must be immediately removed with a trowel.
fence design
The wall of the fence may not be straight, but to change the size of the block to the desired one, it is simply placed on soft ground and broken with a hammer. From the wreckage, you can create interesting and original architectural forms. 
Concrete blocks for the fence allow you to create fences different design. For this you can use decorative plaster. It will allow you to create both a perfectly smooth surface and reminiscent of natural stone.
How to make blocks yourself
You can make concrete blocks for the fence yourself, and not buy, then the construction will be much cheaper. To do this, you need to assemble a form consisting of walls and a bottom from planed boards. The thickness of the board must be at least 25 millimeters. The walls should be connected with nails or screws. To fix the walls, you need to take screws with ears. The form is carefully checked for compliance with dimensions, correctness of planes and angles. Blocks can be made perforated or curly. To do this, you need to insert different inserts into the form: those that have the shape of corners are placed closer to the corners, and the square one is installed in the middle. In order for them to hold, holes must be made in the bottom for the spikes.
Then prepare the solution. For it, cement grade 250 is taken and sand and gravel aggregate is added to it. After pouring this composition into the mold, when it partially hardens, the nail is removed from the ears, the liners are pulled out, and then the next block begins to form.
How
For construction, you can use not only purchased concrete blocks, but also made independently. The most important thing in the manufacture of blocks is to make collapsible forms or buy them, the presence of a concrete mixer and a room with a temperature of 60-70 degrees for drying.
How to make a concrete block
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You will need
Iron for molds 
- concrete mixer
Instruction
1To make a mold for blocks, you need to take a sheet of iron, cut it to the required size desired shape. Cut grooves on the sides and assemble. You can make the shape and size of concrete blocks at your discretion, but it is better not to make them large - this will simplify and facilitate the construction procedure. 2 For the manufacture of concrete, high-grade cement, fine crushed gravel, clean river sand are required. Make the ratio of the solution at the rate of 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and 3 parts of crushed stone. 3 The solution must be thoroughly mixed in a concrete mixer. Hand mixing for block production is not suitable. Because their quality depends not only on the solution, but also on the thoroughness of its mixing. 4 Pour water gradually. The mortar for blocks should not be liquid. 5Pour the solution into the molds in the drying room. Lubricate molds with machine oil. 6For warmer concrete blocks, you can make blocks with voids, which will additionally help save mortar and facilitate finished block. For voids, glass bottles can be installed in molds. 7 It is necessary to dry the blocks when high temperature. 8 After two days, you can remove the blocks from the molds and lay them evenly on the platform to gain strength. 9Moulds can be refilled with mortar. 10Make a sufficient number of molds so that you don't have downtime due to block drying.
We produce cinder block with our own hands
Why are cinder blocks good?
Concrete blocks are an incredibly popular building material for the construction of residential buildings, as well as auxiliary buildings - garages, sheds, bathhouses, etc. Their hollow variety, in which waste from various “hot” industries, or simply slag, is used as a filler, has excellent heat-insulating characteristics. Therefore, cinder blocks have found the widest application in domestic construction, as a reliable, more than once proven insulation.
Why are cinder blocks good?
We produce a cinder block with our own hands When using such heat-insulating masonry elements, the walls of structures and buildings under construction are significantly warmer, with the same thickness parameters. The blocks are much larger than traditional bricks. This circumstance accelerates and facilitates the course construction works and provides an opportunity to save masonry mixture.
The recent adoption of new SNiPs (building codes and regulations) relating to thermal savings in newly constructed buildings does not now allow the design and construction of buildings without the use of insulating materials. And cinder blocks are "two in one" - and the main structural element and insulation at the same time. At the same time, it is also light and does not unnecessarily burden the building.
With all its advantages, this material is also quite cheap. Its cost price (1 piece, this includes the salary of workers) is only 10-15 rubles, depending on the region.
If you wish, it is quite possible to make cinder blocks with your own hands - for this you do not need to have deep engineering skills. The main components of any blocks are cement, water and various aggregates. If you do not have enough slag, you can mix sand, crushed stone, expanded clay, sawdust, crushed brick. In short - everything that is at hand and for which you do not have to pay money or that costs mere pennies. To produce enough material for your needs, you do not need sophisticated equipment and high-tech tools. At the same time, you have the opportunity to fill structural elements the exact size that works best for you. To do this, you only need to make the necessary forms.
How cinder blocks are made to fit your needs manually
For the manufacture of materials in not very large quantities, only for the construction of buildings on your site, you will only need a container for mixing concrete and molds for blocks. make a cinder block Think about how many you can start making cinder blocks with your own hands, if you manage to make 30 pieces in a day, then you need 30 molds, if 50 pieces, then there should be 50 molds. In this case, you can dry the products directly in them, and you will not have to take out underdone blanks and risk ruining them. Forms can be made of wood or metal. It should be noted that the standard block sizes are 400mm / 200mm / 200mm. But, if for some reason such dimensions do not suit you - your will, do any size. Forms must be knocked down, consisting of the bottom and side walls. Best of all, to save materials, as well as time, make them modular. That is, in one form, in several cells, several blocks will be filled at once. Before manufacturing such modules, decide what shape the cavities in the blocks will be. This affects the economics of production.
It can be seen that although the most traditional cavities are round - two or three per block, but the configuration with two squares is the most advantageous. With such a volume of voids, by making molds for cinder blocks with your own hands, you will save up to 60% of concrete.
IMPORTANT!
If you decide to make molds from wood, then keep in mind that only planed lumber is needed, and preferably polished, without cracks, knots and other defects. Otherwise, you will have problems when removing the finished product.
In the manufacture of this method, the process of tamping by vibration is not provided, so the concrete must be made sufficiently liquid so that the mixture is homogeneous and completely fills the entire form.
Under rounded cavities, champagne bottles are best suited. Therefore, stock up on them in sufficient quantities. They must be inserted into the mold with the neck down already filled with the block, and the extruded concrete should be removed, and the raw block should then be well leveled. After the solution has set - after 4/5 hours, the bottles must be pulled out. It takes about a day to dry the products in the forms. Then the blocks are carefully pulled out and stacked on top of each other.
The storage area must be flat, clean and protected from rain and sun, otherwise the blocks may be deformed.
The building material can be used for its intended purpose after 28 days. During this period of time, the blocks are fully cured. A little about consumables. Cement, in principle, can be taken of any brand - from m400 and above. As for the variety, then take general construction - Portland cement. But do not forget that the higher the brand of binder, the more expensive it is. The highest quality is blast furnace slag. But if you can’t get one, you can use shale or coal. Take the ratio of cement to aggregate 1/5 - the blocks will turn out to be of the necessary strength, and will not crack from internal stress arising from too much a large number binder.
Mechanized method of manufacturing material
The second method of producing cinder blocks is much more productive, but it requires some, however, not very sophisticated equipment. Do-it-yourself blocks
Well, and of course, some investments. The minimum is small concrete mixer and vibrating table. Then you will need only 1-2 forms, be sure to make them from metal. Handles will need to be welded to the molds, and 2 or 3 pipes to the bottom. Their diameter should be 5 / 8 cm, you guessed it - they are needed to form voids. With this method of manufacturing blocks, the concrete must be made thick or, as the builders say, with a slight shrinkage. Having poured it into the form, immediately put it on the vibrating table, where the concrete will be compacted within 30/40 seconds. Bring the block to the place of storage by turning and tapping the form, carefully remove the product. If the block begins to float or fall apart, it means that the density is either insufficient or excessive. You will quickly understand what degree of density is needed - experience is the head of everything.
Vibrating table, with sufficient skill, you can do it yourself. To make a do-it-yourself cinder block machine, you will need sheet metal, size 80cm/ 80cm/0.5cm, 2/3 kW electric motor and springs. The latter can be taken from an old car or motorcycle. Weld the springs to the steel sheet at the corners, attach the engine to the center of the structure. Put a pulley on the shaft, always with a displaced center of gravity. Turn the machine over, place it on a secure base and secure. Attention: pay attention Special attention cable - it must be connected securely and be well insulated. Be sure to ground the metal of the machine.
Industrial equipment for the production of cinder blocks
If you are waiting big construction on the site, but you are not able to make a machine yourself, that is, it makes sense to purchase a ready-made - industrial one. There are two types of such equipment: stationary and mobile, popularly nicknamed "layer".
It should be noted that stationary machines are very expensive and it does not make sense to buy them only for your needs, besides this, you will have to transport the blocks to the drying place manually. Therefore, the option remains with a compact vibrating machine "layer". It has one mold per one or two blocks and produces them in one cycle.
The advantages of a mini vibrating machine include the following:
Relatively low cost
Quite a small mass
But, before placing the block on the machine, it must be prepared. Following the logic of saving time and reducing labor costs, you should not do this manually. To do this, you can purchase a concrete mixer. With its help, you quickly, and most importantly - qualitatively, cook concrete mortar desired consistency in just five minutes. Naturally, you should buy a mortar mixer quite small. Such equipment operates from a network with a voltage of 220 volts and there is no need to supply industrial voltage from 380 volts under it.
Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with their own hands.
Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.
Where to begin?
And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.
Forms
On sale there are molds for building blocks standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.
Material for homemade building blocks
What makes DIY building blocks good is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.
Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:
- cinder concrete;
- blocks based on liquid glass;
- adobe;
- chip concrete or arbolite.
How the filler is used:
- ash;
- slag;
- screenings;
- crushed stone;
- gypsum;
- perlite;
- expanded clay;
- sawdust;
- straw;
- broken brick and more.
Blocks without cement
The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because the mixture contains liquid glass. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:
- two dozen parts of river sand;
- one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
- 4 parts of chalk;
- 3 parts of slaked lime;
- 2 parts kaolin.
Manufacturing process
- First, the sand is sifted;
- chalk is added;
- everything mixes well;
- slaked lime is introduced;
- kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
- liquid glass.
The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can building blocks give color. To do this, add:
- chalk of any color;
- powdered red brick.
Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.
Expanded clay blocks
Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.
Compound
- cement - 1 part;
- expanded clay - 5 parts;
- sand - 3 parts;
- water - about one part.
Technology
The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:
- the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
- rammed;
- the form is removed after 10 minutes;
- the product remains in place;
- after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
- in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.
If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.
Advantages
- light weight;
- frost resistance;
- breathability;
- moisture resistance;
- strength;
- small cost.
A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.
adobe blocks
Components
For this type of blocks, the material in literally, is under your feet. All it takes is:
- clay;
- straw;
- river sand;
- water.
Selection features
In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:
- It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
- Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
- Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.
How to determine the percentage of components
- clay - 1 cu. m;
- straw - 20 kg;
- sand - 25%.
In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:
- we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
- we make a batch;
- form a ball;
- leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
- We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.
If all the components are matched in the right proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So, in a practical way, we select the most best option.
Preparation
To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or old bath. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we put on high boots made of rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.
Manufacturing
- While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
- we bring the mixture with buckets;
- filling out forms;
- we compact;
- we remove the excess by drawing a board along the upper edges of the form;
- remove the form.
Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.
A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.
Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)
The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.
Components
Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:
- cement - M300 or higher;
- sand - a fraction no larger than 1.8 Mcr;
- not slaked lime;
- sawdust (coniferous wood).
Preparing the Components
- sift sawdust;
- mix dry cement and sand;
- lime here and mix again;
- add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
- pour water;
- In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
- we control the quality of the mixture.
For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.
Let's start manufacturing
- We line the form with plastic wrap;
- lay the mixture;
- rammer;
- without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
- take it out of the mold and dry it further.
The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.
Equipment
If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Issues Russian manufacturer- INTEK company.
Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:
- movable table;
- engine;
- control panels;
- sometimes a transformer is included.
Compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by the vibration motor.
Working cycle
- on the movable table we set the form;
- put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
- start the engine;
- drying.
How to choose?
There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:
- up to 75 kg;
- from 75 to 160 kg;
- from 160 kg.
Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.
Manufacturers
They are released by:
- Russian company VPK;
- Stroymash LLC;
- plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.
Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:
- Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
- Germany - Wacker;
- Italy - Batmatic;
- France - Paclite.
