Circulation pumps are installed in heating systems with forced or natural circulation. It is needed to increase heat transfer and to be able to adjust the temperature in the room. Installation circulation pump- the task is not the most difficult, with a minimum of skills, you can cope on your own, with your own hands.
What is a circulation pump and why is it needed
A circulation pump is a device that changes the speed of movement of a liquid medium without changing the pressure. In heating systems it is put for more efficient heating. In systems with forced circulation, it is a mandatory element, in gravitational systems, it can be set if you want to increase thermal power. Installing a circulation pump with several speeds makes it possible to change the amount of heat transferred depending on the temperature outside, thus maintaining a stable temperature in the room.
Sectional view of a wet rotor circulation pump
There are two types of such units - with a dry and wet rotor. Devices with a dry rotor have a high efficiency (about 80%), but they are very noisy and require regular maintenance. Wet rotor units operate almost silently, with a normal quality of the coolant, they can pump water without failures for more than 10 years. They have a lower efficiency (about 50%), but their characteristics are more than enough to heat any private house.
Where to put
It is recommended to install a circulation pump after the boiler, before the first branch, but on the supply or return pipeline it does not matter. Modern units are made from materials that normally tolerate temperatures up to 100-115 ° C. There are few heating systems that work with a hotter coolant, therefore considerations of a more “comfortable” temperature are untenable, but if you are so calmer, put it in the return line.
There is no difference in hydraulics - the boiler, and the rest of the system, it does not matter whether there is a pump in the supply or return branch. What matters is the correct installation, in the sense of tying, and the correct orientation of the rotor in space. Nothing else matters.
At the place of installation there is one important point. If there are two separate branches in the heating system - on the right and left wings of the house or on the first and second floors - it makes sense to put a separate unit on each, and not one common one - directly after the boiler. Moreover, the same rule is preserved on these branches: immediately after the boiler, before the first branching in this heating circuit. This will make it possible to set the required thermal regime in each of the parts of the house, independently of the other, as well as in two-storey houses save on heating. How? Due to the fact that the second floor is usually much warmer than the first floor and much less heat is required there. If there are two pumps in the branch that goes up, the speed of the coolant is set much less, and this allows you to burn less fuel, and without compromising the comfort of living.
strapping
There are two types of heating systems - with forced and natural circulation. Systems with forced circulation cannot work without a pump, with natural circulation they work, but in this mode they have a lower heat transfer. However, less heat is still much better than no heat at all, so in areas where electricity is often cut off, the system is designed as hydraulic (with natural circulation), and then a pump is slammed into it. This gives high efficiency and reliability of heating. It is clear that the installation of a circulation pump in these systems has differences.
All heating systems with underfloor heating are forced - without a pump, the coolant will not pass through such large circuits
forced circulation
Since a forced circulation heating system without a pump is inoperative, it is installed directly into the break in the supply or return pipe (of your choice).
Most problems with the circulation pump arise due to the presence of mechanical impurities (sand, other abrasive particles) in the coolant. They are able to jam the impeller and stop the motor. Therefore, a strainer must be placed in front of the unit.
Installing a circulation pump in a forced circulation system
It is also desirable to install ball valves on both sides. They will make it possible to replace or repair the device without draining the coolant from the system. Turn off the taps, remove the unit. Only that part of the water that was directly in this piece of the system is drained.
natural circulation
The piping of the circulation pump in gravity systems has one significant difference - a bypass is required. This is a jumper that makes the system operational when the pump is not running. One ball shut-off valve is installed on the bypass, which is closed all the time while pumping is in operation. In this mode, the system works as a forced one.
When electricity fails or the unit fails, the faucet on the jumper is opened, the faucet leading to the pump is closed, the system works like a gravitational one.
Mounting Features
There is one important point, without which the installation of the circulation pump will require alteration: it is required to turn the rotor so that it is directed horizontally. The second point is the direction of the flow. There is an arrow on the body indicating in which direction the coolant should flow. So turn the unit around so that the direction of movement of the coolant is “in the direction of the arrow”.
The pump itself can be installed both horizontally and vertically, only when choosing a model, see that it can work in both positions. And one more thing: when vertical arrangement power ( generated pressure) drops by about 30%. This must be taken into account when choosing a model.
Power connection
Circulation pumps operate from a 220 V network. The connection is standard, a separate power line with a circuit breaker is desirable. Three wires are required for connection - phase, zero and ground.
The connection to the network itself can be organized using a three-pin socket and plug. This connection method is used if the pump comes with a connected power cable. It can also be connected via a terminal block or directly with a cable to the terminals.
The terminals are located under plastic lid. We remove it by unscrewing a few bolts, we find three connectors. They are usually signed (pictograms are applied N - neutral wire, L - phase, and "earth" has an international designation), it is difficult to make a mistake.
Since the entire system depends on the performance of the circulation pump, it makes sense to make a backup power supply - put a stabilizer with connected batteries. With such a power supply system, everything will work for several days, since the pump itself and the boiler automation “pull” electricity to a maximum of 250-300 watts. But when organizing, you need to calculate everything and select the capacity of the batteries. The disadvantage of such a system is the need to ensure that the batteries are not discharged.
For efficient heating private houses in the heating system requires a circulation pump. Thanks to this device, continuous circulation of the coolant through the pipes is carried out. The room warms up evenly and quickly. At a high or low speed of movement of the coolant, the heating of the house is uneven. Therefore, one should carefully approach such an issue as the selection of a circulation pump for a heating system.
The selection of a circulation pump for heating does not depend on what kind of fuel is needed for the heating boiler.
1 Why do I need a pump in the heating circuit?
The natural circulation of the liquid in the heating circuit is ineffective, since the liquid constantly overcomes resistance, and this slows down its progress. This leads to the fact that the liquid returns to the boiler cooled, and this requires additional costs for its additional heating.
The use of narrower pipes only partially solves the problem, but the cost of reconstruction is much higher than for a circulation pump.
Forced circulation forces the liquid to move faster along the circuit of the system and return to the boiler not very cool. Fuel consumption costs are therefore reduced.
In systems without a pump, the coolant is needed in a large volume in order to maintain its required temperature. This will require pipes. large diameter, and wide-bladed radiators.
IN forced circulation a large volume of liquid is not needed. Therefore, pipes with a smaller diameter are suitable. And this is saving on materials.
The disadvantage of this type of heating is energy dependence. The device is powered by electric current.
1.1 Construction
Most devices of this design:
- the body to which the snail is attached;
- pipes of the system are connected to the snail;
- in the case there is an electric motor with terminals and a control board;
- a rotor with an impeller, due to which the movement of water occurs.
When the pump is running, a vacuum is obtained at the inlet of the device and the right pressure at the exit.
2 Types of apparatus
There is a fairly large selection of circulation pumps on the market. How to choose a pump for heating? The most common circulation pumps are wet and dry rotor devices.
2.1 Glandless mechanism
In a device with a wet rotor, the impeller and the rotor are in the coolant. This helps to cool the pump motor, and the device is thus protected from overheating. These parts are made of non-corrosive materials.
The disadvantage of devices of this type is that they have low efficiency. Advantages of this type:
- low noise level;
- availability;
- does not require regular maintenance.
Wet rotor devices are used in heating in small houses. The low power of the pump allows you to choose a circulation pump for heating this type in cases where the volume of liquid in the system is small.
2.2 Dry rotor apparatus
The impeller in this type of device is located in the coolant, and the rotor is protected from liquid by sealed gaskets.
The selection of a pump for a heating system of this type will show the advantage in the high power of the pump. Due to this, it is used in rooms with a large area. The device has a fairly high efficiency.
However, a dry rotor pump also has disadvantages:
- vibration and noise levels are quite high;
- as a result of the rapid use of the lubricant, it needs regular service.
3 What to look out for?
Before proceeding with the selection of a pump for a heating system, you should decide what characteristics it should have. What kind of apparatus is needed for heating a private house and what to look for to do optimal choice circulation pump for heating system:
The circulation pump can be installed in two ways. This also affects the selection of the pump for heating.
- It is built directly into the boiler - it is observed in many modern models.
- The pump is welded as a separate part heating circuit. It is used more often in older models of heating boilers. Water circulation in the systems occurred due to the difference in density and mass of cold and hot coolant. Pipes in such systems were placed at a slope. The introduction of a circulation pump into such a system increases the speed of movement of the coolant and, therefore, the space is heated faster.
In the question of how to choose a pump, they also take into account characteristics heating systems.
- Type of heating system. For networks with natural circulation, it is recommended to install a device with a wet rotor with a power of up to 50-60 watts. If the circulation is forced, more powerful unit up to 80 W if there is a slope, and up to 90 W without a slope.
- Heated area and volume of coolant. The higher these parameters, the more powerful the mechanism is needed. To calculate the exact power of the device, it is recommended to contact a teletechnician.
- Noise limit limit. For heating a private house, where there is no separate room for the pump at a sufficient distance from living rooms, do not recommend choosing devices with a dry rotor.
- Technical condition of the heating system. TO new system heating fit any pump. For systems whose age is 15-20 years or more, it is necessary to take into account the presence of impurities in the liquid. 25-35% is added to the calculated power, especially when choosing a device with a wet engine. However, for older networks better fit apparatus with a dry rotor, because it is less sensitive to the quality of the liquid.
4 How to choose the right pump?
To choose the right circulation pump for the heating system, you need to consider that the device must meet certain criteria:
In the last paragraph, the wet pump undoubtedly wins, it is smaller and quieter. But other criteria need to be dealt with.
4.1 Calculation of pump performance
The performance of the pump implies the amount of coolant distilled, its consumption at the lowest load on the device. The higher the performance, the better.
Calculation of the pump according to the performance criterion can be according to the formula: Q \u003d N / (t 2 - t 1), where Q is the desired performance value, N corresponds to the power of the heating boiler, t1 is the temperature of the liquid in the "return" of the circuit, t2 is the temperature in the supply compartment, after the heating boiler.
Using this formula, you can approximately select the parameters of the required pump. It is believed that approximately 0.6 m of pump head is required for 10 m of the circuit ring.
4.2 Device pressure
The pressure of the device is the level to which the device can raise the water in the heating circuit. Usually this parameter is indicated in the documents for the mechanism and on the pump itself.
For example, pumps for heating model GRUNDFOSUPS25-40. The numbers in this brand mean:
- 40 - liquid lifting height - 4 m or 0.4 atm. pressure. This value is taken into account in the first place when choosing a pump.
- 25 – diameter of connected pipes – 25 mm. Usually pipes with a diameter of 32 and 25 mm are used.
Therefore, when wondering how to choose the right circulation pump, you should take into account the full name of the pump. It must fit in diameter to the pipes of the system. The pump also indicates the power consumption, the direction of movement of the rotor, the number of revolutions.
4.3 External aspects
Device operation and required amount heat also depends on the temperature environment. An incorrectly selected pump may start to overheat, because it may not be able to cope with excessive load. This means that before calculating the necessary parameters of the device, you should know the characteristics of the boiler well and heating system.
For pipes with large diameter the circulating coolant will be larger and, therefore, a more powerful pump will be needed. For a coolant from a non-freezing liquid, as a rule, a pump should be selected more productive and reliable.
4.4 Power calculation
The power of the circulation pump for heating depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room that is heated. For example, the area is 200 m 2. In order for the building to be warm, they adhere to an approximate ratio: 1 kW of thermal energy per 10 m 2. Therefore, this area will require 20 kW.
Next, you should calculate the temperature difference between the supply and return circuits. Experts advise within 10ᵒС. Calculate the power: 20:10=2. The parameter calculated in this way is the pump power, measured in m 3 / h.
The calculation of the circulation pump is also carried out according to the parameters of the amount of heat required, pipe resistance, electricity consumption, temperature limit.
How to choose a circulation pump for heating in order to make the system work most efficiently? For correct selection many factors, parameters and characteristics of pumps and heating systems, as well as external conditions and the expected result should be taken into account. You can also take into account reviews about a particular brand of device. The choice is approached responsibly, because the comfort in the house largely depends on it.
4.5 How to choose a circulation pump? (video)
In a separate heating system with natural circulation, there are some problems that can be solved with the help of a circulation pump.
Forced circulation in the heating system - why is it needed
Installing a circulation pump in the heating system will allow you to evenly distribute heat to all radiators. It is the uneven heating of the batteries that is the most frequent malfunction water heating with natural circulation. There may be several reasons, and all of them lie in improper installation: insufficient pipe diameter, slopes not observed, excessive length of the system, air congestion in it.
After finding out the reason for the poor performance of the heating system, many people come up with the idea to redo it. And this means that you will have to change pipes, if not all, then part of them, set slopes, punch holes in the walls, and redo something. In a word: renovation. Dust, welding smoke and money, and a lot of it. Is there no other way out? There is, and it costs less, the work is done faster, no dust. Of course, we are talking about the circulation pump.
If the heating performs its functions normally, does it make sense to install a forced supply of coolant? Definitely yes, and here's why:
- 1. The inertia of the heating system is noticeably reduced. The circulation of water under duress dramatically reduces the time from ignition of the boiler to warming up even the most remote batteries.
- 2. The temperature in all batteries will equalize. During natural circulation, the coolant has time to cool down before it returns to the boiler; nearby radiators warm up better than distant ones.
- 3. The pressure in the system will increase. Air locks will not interfere with the normal circulation of the coolant.
We get acquainted with the unit - how it is arranged and works
The circulator makes warm water move along the closed heating stake. Its device is simple: a rotor with an impeller is installed on a stainless body. They rotate when the electric motor is running, the impeller draws water in and squeezes it out into the system from the other side. Centrifugal force creates a pressure that overcomes the resistance of the entire system.
Heating pumps are produced in two types: dry and wet. In dry ones, the rotor does not have contact with the coolant, their efficiency reaches 80%. It is very noisy, so a separate room with good sound insulation is required. Dry pumps require permanent care. It is necessary to constantly remove dust from the room, otherwise it may be drawn into the apparatus, and it will depressurize. Dry pumps also need to be constantly lubricated.
Despite the low efficiency of a wet circulation pump compared to a dry one - only 5% versus 80% - they are used much more often in everyday life. This is due to lower cost, almost silent operation, undemanding - care is practically not needed. The rotor and impeller are immersed in a coolant, which simultaneously lubricates the rubbing parts. Care is reduced to the removal of air by simply unscrewing the screw.
Choosing a device - what to look for
The correct operation of the pump with full power output and proper circulation in the system is ensured by its selection according to the required parameters. Increased power is not at all necessary for high-quality heating. Such a unit will emit increased noise, the cost is greater, it wears out faster. For right choice The optimally suited pump takes into account a number of important indicators of the system.
The calculation of the required power is made according to the formulas. The calculations are not very difficult, but practical experience users allowed us to derive a simplified approach that justified itself. In this case, only two indicators are taken into account - the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the maximum height of the water rise. We study the marking of the pump, which on the plate may look different. For example, one of the accepted markings looks like this: 25-40/180. The first number indicates the diameter of the connecting pipe, the last number indicates the length of the set, which is almost always 180 mm, occasionally 130 mm.
These indicators are important for installation, and for power selection, we pay attention to the second number. In this case, 40 is the head, i.e. this device is capable of raising water by 4 m. Another marking method indicates H max (m) - the maximum height of the coolant rise in meters. The table below will help you choose a forced coolant supply device of the required power.
The table is indicative, the sellers of a specialized store will help you choose the device more precisely, but it will not be superfluous to know the necessary parameters and be able to read the plate.
Choose a place for the pump - on the supply or on the return
Theoretically, a forced coolant supply device can be installed anywhere close to the boiler. He is able to withstand maximum temperature 110°. But in reality, this method is rarely resorted to, primarily from practical considerations. Of course, the water temperature in the boiler will not reach 110°C, but it can be close to it. Constant elevated temperatures will not add additional years to the pump life.
But this applies, first of all, to systems of a private house with old boilers without a thermostat, especially solid fuel ones, where water can even boil. In modern boilers working temperature supported by a thermal switch, it rarely exceeds 60 °. Installing a circulation pump at the supply in this case will practically not shorten its service life. In addition, the water leaving the boiler is much cleaner than the one that enters through the return line. Even the filter that is installed with the pump cannot guarantee complete water purification.
The installation of a coarse filter together with a circulation pump is mandatory. The holes in it are very small, the smallest particles of rust and dirt can clog them.
Most of the recommendations still relate to the installation of the pump on the return line. This is justified by the fact that air is collected in the upper part of the boiler during operation, at the supply it is drawn out by a pump, a vacuum is created. There is a high probability that the boiler in this part will boil. On the return line, the water seems to be pressed into the boiler by the pump, no space with air is created. The boiler always remains completely filled.
The figure shows the installation diagram of the pump, where: 1 - heating device, 2 - automatic air valve, 3 - thermal valve, 4 - heating battery, 5 - balancing valve, 6 - expansion tank, 7 - ball valve, 8 - filter, 9 - forced circulation device, 10 - pressure gauge, 11 - safety valve.
Insertion of the pump into the system is also possible at the supply in the system open type, and on the return line to a closed system with a membrane expansion tank, but it is also possible in open system. The unit must be installed between the boiler and expansion tank. It is better to replace the conventional expansion tank with a closed membrane one at the same time as installing the circulation pump, if the pump is to be installed on the return line. The water in it does not come into contact with the air, it remains clean, the pipes do not rust. The membrane tank is installed on the return before the circulation pump.
We mount the pumping unit - sequence and important points
Each installation is supplied with instructions, which we carefully study in order to correctly perform. We drain all the liquid from the system, cut off part of the pipe at the place where the heating pump is supposed to be installed. In many cases, it is necessary to clean the old system, which has accumulated dirt and rust. Through drain tap this does not work well due to the small cross section of the hole, so we use the cut site. We connect a hose to one side, through which we supply water under pressure. On the other hand, water flows out, rinse until clean.
We install a bypass (bypass section) in the pump area. It is necessary in case of a pump breakdown or a power outage. Then the coolant will go through the main line, the valve in which we open manually. It is better to install an automatic one instead of a conventional ball valve, which reacts to a change in pressure in the system. We install two ball valves on the bypass on both sides of the pump to shut off the water for maintenance or remove it if necessary. On top of the bypass line we mount a valve for air release.
After installing the bypass, we mount the pump. We install the pump shaft horizontally, the more precisely, the better. If the position is not horizontal, only part of the rotor will be in the liquid, which will lead to a drop in power and even breakage. The terminal box is located at the top. The pump housing along the axis is securely fixed with connecting nodes. We treat the joints with a sealant, which will exclude the flow of liquid, air leakage and increase the performance of the device. When connecting the pump, we are guided by the insoles on the body, which indicate the direction of fluid flow.
A heating system designed exclusively for forced circulation will not be able to work when the electricity is turned off. For such cases, it is recommended to install additional power supplies.
By connecting electricity to the equipment, we exclude the possibility that moisture will get into the terminal box. If the unit is located on the supply line, it gets very hot, then we use heat-resistant wiring for connection. The cable must not touch the pipes, the pump housing. It is started from any side, except for the bottom, by rearranging the plugs. If the terminal box is located on the side, we start the cable from below. The device must be grounded.
Having completed installation work, fill the system with coolant. We remove air from the pump by turning the central screw on the housing. When water appears, this will indicate the complete removal of air from the circulation pump. After that, we start the device. On the body of most pumps there is a knob for adjusting the power. We check the work in all modes. Some models are equipped with an electronic regulator.
The heater does not work - possible causes
Sometimes pumps break down or don't work well enough. The most common causes:
- 1. Installed incorrectly. The horizontal shaft is not maintained or it rotates in the wrong direction.
- 2. Incorrectly powered from the mains.
- 3. Air has collected in the pump. It must be vented through the central screw each time before starting.
- 4. Poorly purified water. The filter is clogged or incorrectly installed - marks indicating the direction of water movement are ignored.
Malfunctions are easier to prevent if you are careful during installation and start-up.
An additional pump in the heating system will be the best way out of the situation when the owners of the house have problems with heating their homes. Installation of the unit will help to evenly distribute heat in the pipeline. The great advantage of pumps is their versatility, because they can work not only on coal, but also on diesel fuel, fuel oil, gas, wood and electricity.
What are the benefits of an auxiliary pump?
The use of additional equipment to improve the operation of the heating system gives residents a lot of advantages. First, the overall efficiency of the system is increased. This affects not only the uniformity of heat distribution, but also the temperature in residential premises. Secondly, the air in the rooms warms up much faster. Thirdly, the circulation of heat inside the main pipeline is improved.
Another advantage additional pump it is considered to exclude the possibility of air accumulation in one of the channels through which heat circulates. The owners of apartments on the upper floors suffer the most from this problem, however, if an additional unit is installed, it will help create the necessary pressure and supply heat to the entire building. A big plus of the pump can be confidently considered its efficiency. In practice, it has been proven that together two units (standard and additional) will consume less fuel.
In addition, if the building is provided with heat by a pair of pumps in the system, then residents can install such useful devices like towel dryers and thermostats. The inhabitants of such a building also get the opportunity to use pipes of small diameter - the quality of heating will not deteriorate from this. Another important advantage is the low price of the equipment. An additional circulation pump can cost from 5 to 20 thousand rubles. This is not too much money, given that the unit will collect money from all the residents of the house.
What parameters of the device should be considered when buying?
Before buying and installing equipment, it is worth studying its most important parameters. In order not to make a mistake when choosing, familiarize yourself with its characteristics such as the density of the coolant, the pressure force and the water temperature. You will also need to know the diameter of the pipes used to heat the building.
You can find out exactly what characteristics the pump you have chosen has on the packaging, side wall or in the technical data sheet of the unit. Manufacturers designate the pressure with the letter "H". This indicator means the ability of the device to raise water to a certain height. It is measured in meters. The second characteristic is the fluid consumption of the system. It is marked with the letter "Q" and is measured cubic meters. This parameter is equal to the power of the boiler and depends mainly on the diameter of the pipeline.
Circulation aids are not designed to lift liquids. Because of this, when buying a unit Special attention It is worth paying attention to the "Q" parameter. If the installed boiler is not equipped with a pump, then further fluid consumption will have to be calculated independently. Most modern heating appliances already have such equipment. Installing 2 devices to improve heat circulation is optimal when the house already has an older boiler, but over time the building was completed and the heating structure increased.
Buying very expensive equipment is not worth it. In any case, the full potential of the device will not be used. In addition, the installed unit is different high level noise. Most often, the length of the pipe determines the power characteristics of the equipment: for every 10 m of the pipe, the device must give 0.5 m of pressure. In practice, a 100-meter ring will work effectively if the pump delivers a pressure of 5 m. When buying a unit for a pipeline, do not forget that the power of the device should be 10% more than the figure calculated by the residents.
Types of additional pumps - choose the right unit
For efficient media circulation, it is best to use "wet" or "dry" pumps. In the first case, the rotor is located inside the coolant, that is, it pumps water, being directly in it. In the process of circulation, the liquid cools the engine. A stator is used to supply electricity. Wet pumps have many advantages. Firstly, they are able to serve a fairly long period of time. Secondly, such devices do not need frequent maintenance. Thirdly, they are less noisy. And, fourthly, they do not differ in large dimensions.
Among the shortcomings, one can single out not too high efficiency, a limited scope of use, the inability to use pumps for drinking water and other devices related to food. Such units are used only in mansions and residential multi-storey buildings.
In the design of dry-type pumps, the rotor is located outside the coolant. In such devices, a seal is used, which is designed to separate the engine and the pump itself. The approximate efficiency of the equipment is 75%, which is why these units are used in situations where it is necessary to regularly pump a large number of water. Such units are used more in production and in shopping malls than in residential buildings.
Preparing for hardware installation
Before proceeding with the installation of the pump, carefully read the operation algorithm. The first step is to prepare for installation. To do this, purchase split-type threads and a filter for deep cleaning. Also, before installing the equipment, you need to prepare check valve. It stabilizes the heating system. For work you will also need:
- a set of keys;
- a set of large and small flat screwdrivers;
- pliers;
- a pipe whose diameter will be equal to the diameter of the riser;
- fittings.
It is worth deciding in advance on the place of installation. Modern units can be placed not only on the water supply pipe, but also on the return pipeline. If you plan to install the device on a pipe segment between the return and direct wiring of the radiator type, then before that you will need to check the ability of the unit to withstand the powerful pressure of hot liquid. It is also worth remembering that in buildings where rooms are equipped with " warm floors", the injection device is placed at the injection point hot water. Thus, it will be possible to exclude the airiness of the pipes.
If available membrane tank, then the pump with bypass is mounted on the side of the return pipeline, closer to the expander.
Installation of the unit - the algorithm in detail
The installation of an additional circulating pump in a regular heating system does not depend on the type and material of the latter. In any case, installation will have to be done by bypass. If the house is equipped with a metal pipeline, then you can buy a finished structure that allows you to bypass the main highway. Before installation, it will be necessary to completely drain the liquid and clean the pipes. To do this, the pipeline must be flushed several times. After that, a piece of pipe bent in the form of the letter "P" is installed from the side of the main pipe.
Fix the pump in the middle of the pipe. Place on either side of the device Ball Valves. What are they needed for? First of all, the circulation of water will return to normal if one of the taps is turned off. Secondly, in the event of a repair of the unit, it will be necessary to drain the water; if there are taps, this will not be required. During installation, attention should be paid to the direction in which the liquid moves. It is marked on the pump housing with a special arrow. At the end of the installation, the system is filled with water and the operation is checked. If any problems are found, it is worth fixing them at this stage of the operation.
Further, using the central screw, we expel stagnant air from the pipes. If everything is done correctly, water will begin to flow from a separate hole in the pipeline. To install a control unit manual type, air from the pipes must be removed even before installation. To do this, the device is turned on for a few minutes, after which the valves of the equipment open. This procedure should be repeated several times. As soon as the pipeline is filled with a sufficient amount of liquid, the pump itself will start. At the same time, the presence of air in the pipes is strictly unacceptable.
Device connection technique - what to connect with what?
Residents of the house will not receive high-quality heating if the pump is not connected correctly. In the process of connecting the device to the power supply of natural circulation systems, an automatic fuse is used. For the installation of the latter, it is worth choosing a place at a distance of at least 70 cm from the main boiler. In forced circulation systems, the pump will start working after the thermal relay is turned on. In order to ensure the simultaneous operation of the built-in and additional pump, the second device will need to be connected to the relay or connected in parallel to the first device.
in boilers electric type circulation devices should be connected directly to the boiler. In this case, the pump will only operate when the liquid is heated. The cleaning filter must be installed in front of the pump housing. The valve, screwed to the top of the bypass, makes it possible to blow through the pipeline, removing the accumulated air from it.
The question of why a circulation pump is needed in the heating system of a private house is not so common today. Consumers have long realized that this small device solves many problems associated with effective work heating system as a whole.
First, it increases the coefficient useful action. Secondly, there is an opportunity to save on materials and heating elements. All this below.
Features of forced circulation
The circulation pump installed in the system creates a slight pressure inside. At the same time, the coolant moves at a low speed, evenly distributing heat over all radiators.
Is it possible that the natural circulation of the coolant cannot distribute thermal energy evenly?
Maybe, but due to the fact that suburban private houses under construction are becoming larger in size, and, accordingly, the layout of pipe lines is becoming more and more complicated, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the coolant to overcome the configuration of pipe circuits. And in such houses, one simply cannot do without a circulation pump.
Advantages
Under the action of the pump, the coolant passes faster through the entire circuit of the heating system, returning to the heating boiler. At the same time, its temperature will not be low. This means that it will be easier to heat a not very cooled coolant. Less cost on fuel consumption.
For the natural circulation of the coolant, a large volume of it is necessary so that in its mass it can keep the required temperature. Accordingly, for the normal operation of the heating system in a private house, pipes with a large diameter, radiators with wide cavities, and valves to match the pipes will be needed.
For a system in which a pump is installed, there is no need to keep a large volume of coolant. Therefore, you can safely use pipes and valves with a smaller diameter. And this is a reduction in the price of all products and savings on materials.
Flaws
In principle, such heating has only one drawback - it is volatility. The device is powered by electricity. First, it is, albeit small, but the cost. Secondly, when the power supply is turned off, the pump unit stops working.
Of course, the craftsmen, given this situation, install a bypass through which the heating begins to work on the principle of natural circulation of hot water. And this is a decrease in work efficiency, plus a decrease in efficiency.
Instrument selection
The crucial moment is to correctly calculate the power of the installed pump. Two indicators are taken into account here:
- volume of distilled water mass, m³/h;
- pressure measured in meters.
It is very difficult to make the correct calculation if you are a non-specialist in this matter. Here it is necessary to take into account the complexity of the pipe layout, the number of radiators and stop valves, power of the heating boiler, materials from which pipes and other heating devices are made. Therefore, this stage is best left to the shoulders of a professional.
If, nevertheless, you decide to take responsibility for yourself, then it is best to purchase a pump in which you can switch the speed of movement of the coolant.
The ideal option is automatic adjustment. Such a device costs several times more than a conventional sample, but you are calm that you can configure it yourself to the necessary parameters of the heating system at home.
Calculation example
Before choosing a pump, the following calculation must be carried out. For example, a heating boiler is installed in basement. Your house is a two-story building. The heating system is a single-pipe wiring.
That is, it turns out that the highest point of the heating system is the upper edges of the radiators installed on the second floor. This is despite the fact that the house has closed system heating.
Head calculation
From the return pipe, which enters the boiler (it is this section that is the installation site of the device), it is necessary to measure the distance to the upper edge of the radiator on the second floor. This will be the pressure of the pumping device. Essentially, it will go like this:
- 2.5 m - basement height;
- 3 m - the height of the first floor;
- two floors - 0.5 m;
- the distance from the floor to the upper edge of the radiator is 0.6 m.
The sum is 6.6 m. This means that you need a pump with a head of 7 m.
To do this, you need to know the heated area of a private house. For example, let it be 200 m². In order for a private house to be warm, it is necessary to adhere to the ratio: 1 kW of thermal energy per 10 m². That is, you need 20 kW.
The next indicator is the temperature difference between the supply and return circuits. Experts recommend within 10 ° C. That is, if at the exit from the boiler the temperature of the coolant is +70 °C, then at the entrance it is +60 °C. Now perform this mathematical action: 20:10=2. This is the pump power, measured in m³ / h.
As you can see, choosing a pump is not so difficult. Of course, this is the simplest calculation without taking into account various nuances. But it can be taken as a basis, adding 20% just in case.
Installation
Doing it yourself, if you do not know all the nuances of the installation process, is better not worth it. But you need to get acquainted with the technology and the sequence.
Installation location
The pump is installed on the return line next to the heating boiler. This is done for one single purpose - to reduce the temperature loads on the seals, cuffs and gaskets that are used in the design of the unit itself. Under the influence high temperatures they wear out quickly.
There are two types of devices: wet rotor and dry. Usually the first option is low-power pumps used for heating small private houses. It is cut directly into the pipeline, connecting on both sides with a thread. The second is a more powerful setup. Such pumps are most often connected using flanges.
Stop valves and filter
The pump is cut off from the pipe by two valves (ball valves), which, if repairs are necessary, are closed.
A bypass must be installed. This is a pipe that connects the pipeline, bypassing pumping unit. A valve must be installed on the bypass. It blocks the flow of the coolant when the pump is running. And opens when the device stops working or in the process of repair. That is, the bypass works in emergency cases so that the heating does not stop if the pump itself stops.
Today, a coarse filter is often mounted in front of the pump. He is responsible for the quality of the coolant.
Popular manufacturers
The question of how to choose affects not only specifications device. Most often, consumers understand the brand or manufacturer as it. The modern market offers a fairly wide range. Here are foreign analogues, and domestic ones. Here are just a few models.
Italian pump Aquario
His model AC204-130 is one of the most popular. Used for small private houses. Its power is 2.4 m³ / h, head up to 3 m, power consumption 0.64 kW, weight 3.4 kg.
The connection is flanged, has three speed modes.
Italian device DAB VA-VB-VD
It has a wide range of technical characteristics: head up to 6 m at power from 0.5 to 3.3 m³/h.
This sample is equipped with a special thermal relay that turns off the pump if it starts to overheat. Many experts advise choosing this particular model.
The Danish company Grundfos offers pumps of five modifications. In Russia, the UPS model has gained great popularity as the most economical in terms of electricity consumption (0.55 kW).
At the same time, its head is 3 m, and the volume of the pumped coolant is 3 m³ / h.
Russian models
Among domestic manufacturers, it is necessary to single out pumps of the brand "Khozyain" from Podolsk and "Compass" from the company "Dzhileks". A few technical specifications:
- Owner 4.25.180 - head 4.2 m, power 3 m³ / h;
- Owner 8.32.180 - head 8 m, power 9.6 m³ / h;
- Compasses 25/40 (head 4 m, volume 2.5 m³ / h) - the smallest sample;
- Compasses 32/80 (head 8 m, volume 3.2 m³ / h) - the largest.
Both brands produce pumps that are connected to the pipeline with a flange connection.
So, knowing the brands and models offered by manufacturers, you can choose the right pump, taking into account not only its technical characteristics, but also the price.
