Do-it-yourself water drilling of wells. Drilling a sand well with your own hands. Selecting a well type

If you have made a deliberate decision to secure your suburban area water, it is best to use wells. You can drill wells on your own, and if you intend to do this, then this article will be useful to you. But better installation Water supply systems should be entrusted to specialists, because it requires considerable experience and knowledge.

Choosing a location for a well

First, we must choose the right location for the future well so that it is as efficient as possible. We need to determine whether there is shallow water on the site aquifer, for which there are certain signs.

Signs of a shallow aquifer present on the site

In a specific area of the site, many plants that prefer high humidity have accumulated.
In the evening, in areas with an increased amount of vegetation, fog and dew accumulate, and in winter time thawed patches form in the snow.
Going to a large number of mosquitoes and other insects. It is also believed that cats prefer to rest in places located above deep waters.

If at least one of these signs is noticed, then you can safely start drilling a well. These are all, of course, signs that are largely folk, more effective way identifying deep waters is geological research.

Tools that will be required during the drilling process

Let’s immediately make a reservation that not all tools can be made with your own hands; some of them will have to be purchased. If we manage to make, for example, a drill, its quality will be questionable, because standard factory drills are made of high-strength hardened steel.

For work we will need:

Derrick;
Drill column to which couplings are attached for connection;
Drill head;
Boards;
Rope;
Filter.

A drilling derrick is a kind of tripod that you can assemble with your own hands from thick logs Ø15 centimeters. Between two of them we attach a winch, to which we suspend the drill column using a rope. The column is a structure of rods connected to each other by couplings and threads. There should be 6 rods in total, their length should be from 1.5 to 3 meters.

The boards will be useful to us so that the walls of the pit do not crumble (we will talk later what this is). Drill heads are various types and are used depending on the type of soil. Much depends on this type, including the method of drilling the well.

Types of drill heads

Drill heads come in the following types:

a chisel used to split hard rocks;
bailer - it removes the soil remaining after the bit has worked (you can also drill loose soil using a bailer);
a spoon used for sand and clay;
a coil will be needed if there is gravel in the soil;
spoon with a coil.

We have selected the tools and proceed directly to drilling.

Well drilling technology using the cable method

The percussion-rope drilling method consists of the following stages.

Stage 1. Preliminary “instruction”. Before starting work, we must understand that the optimal well depth is 7-10 meters. You can drill no more than 20 meters on your own; if the groundwater is at a greater depth, then specialists must do the drilling.

Important! It is impossible to drill a well on your own in any case, since this will require at least two assistants.

Stage 2. We align the pit (rectangular “box”) in the place where the well will be located. The dimensions of the pit should be 2x1.5x1.5 m, and it is needed so that the unstable upper layers of soil do not crumble. We take boards and line the walls of the pit.

Stage 3. We mount the tripod at the drilling site. We securely fasten it, then place the drill column in the hole and turn the rod. The drilling process has begun. Every 60-70 centimeters we clean the column from adhering earth.

Stage 4. When we reach the aquifer, the drill column should be pulled out and the filter lowered in its place. We will definitely use a filter, otherwise the water pump will quickly become unusable. The voids formed between the walls of the well and the filter are filled with sand. Then we install pipes through which the water will rise and dismantle the walls of the pit. We fill in the well.

Stage 5. We install a water pump, which will be the “core” of the entire well. Outwardly, it will not look very attractive, so it is advisable to decorate it with some decorative element, for example, a canopy.

In this way we can drill a well up to 20 meters. Water located at such a depth has repeatedly undergone natural filtration, it will be clean and soft.

Well pipes and filter

A filter for a well is the same important detail like a pump. The following types of filters are distinguished:

Gravel;
Wire;
Reticulate.

During operation, it is advisable to fill the filter with gravel, which will prevent dirt from entering the pipeline. When choosing a filter, we must pay attention to the following parameters:

Options for arranging pipes for water lifting

If we plan to consume water for food, then we must use plastic pipes, which are not subject to corrosion. If finances allow, you can buy more expensive enameled steel pipes.
If the well is intended for economic purposes, then we can use socketed, thin-walled or threaded pipes.

Drilling a well using a pump

This method is perfect if the depth groundwater does not exceed 10 meters. It is no less effective than the previous one.

Stage 1. We dig a hole 1.5 meters deep in order to remove loose and unstable upper layers of soil. The area of such a pit should be approximately 1 square meter. We line its walls with boards to make it convenient to work.

Stage 2. We take a steel pipe and cut one end of it into teeth, like on a hacksaw. We bend the teeth in different directions. At the other end we make a thread for connecting to the pipes. Next, using clamps, we equip the pipe with handles so that it can be held vertically. On o steel pipes ah, we also make carvings, but on both sides. Each pipe should be approximately 3 meters long.

Stage 3. We take a pre-prepared container of at least two hundred liters filled with water, a medium-power water pump, and a hose that will reach the bottom of the pit. All pipes must have a diameter of 12 cm, more is possible.

Important! This procedure cannot be completed by yourself either; you must have at least one assistant.

Stage 4. We insert the pipe into the hole to the maximum possible depth. Turn on the pump. The water pressure will erode the soil under the pipe, and it will gradually sink. It is advisable to constantly rotate the pipe.

Stage 5. The water will come out of the pipe, but can be reused by straining it through a sieve. When the pipe is completely deepened, we attach the next one to it and continue working until the aquifer is reached. Then we remove the boards and dig a hole, and attach a lid to the end of the pipe, which will prevent debris from entering the system.

This is the simplest way to drill a well, but there are others.

Shallow well for economic purposes

If water is needed, for example, to water a garden, then a well for this can be made using a regular hand drill. The only condition is that the upper groundwater level must be a maximum of three meters from the surface. If the length of a hand drill is not enough, then we extend it with reinforcing bars or small metal pipes.

We go through the hardest layers of the earth with an additional load that clings to the handle of the drill. This way the load on your hands will be less.

Important! Water extracted from such wells is not suitable for drinking, since it has not undergone natural filtration!

If branches or roots come across while drilling, we cut them out with an ax pre-attached to a long iron rod. After about two meters, wet sand will begin to appear, so every 10 centimeters the drill will have to be pulled out for cleaning, otherwise we may break the device.

When the sand acquires a bluish tint, it will mean that we are almost there. When the first water appears, you can no longer use the drill, because it will no longer give anything - the liquid soil will not stick to the blades. All we have to do is insert the casing pipe - the shallow well is ready!

To lift the water we will use a conventional electric pump.

As a conclusion

Production drills are amazing in their scale, which is why the very idea of drilling a well with our own hands seems stupid and unfeasible to us. But those of you who have read the article already know that this is, to put it mildly, an exaggeration. All we need is a drilling tool, Additional materials, a bit of skill and, of course, patience.

Folk" method of detecting deep waters

Private property is not only about abundance clean air and silence, but also the need to create individual communications for decent living in the house. One of the most in demand is water supply. For these purposes, a do-it-yourself water well (but not an artesian one) is widely used today.

A source found in soil layers can last from 5 to 100 years, depending on the depth of its occurrence and the total flow rate of the well (an artesian source has the maximum service life). Therefore, let’s look at how to drill a well with your own hands on the site. Moreover, we will reveal to you several methods of independent drilling.

Important: independent drilling is only possible with sand wells. Artesian springs on the site require complex technical equipment and paperwork. You can't do this with your own hands.

Screw method

If you are wondering how to drill a well with your own hands on a site and at the same time want to equip a well for sand, then this method of developing soil is the simplest. To carry out the work you will need:

Auger with extension pipe;
Casing pipes for the entire length of the well;
Strainer;
Pump (surface or submersible, depending on the flow rate of the well and your water needs).

First of all, you should decide on the location for the well. It is very important to take into account the lowest point of the well location on the site. It is here that, according to the laws of geodesy, underground water accumulates. It is also important to take into account the depth of the aquifer. Ask your neighbors about this. After all, if the layer of water is located lower than 20 meters, then you cannot cope with it with your own hands.

Before making a well, take into account the location of unwanted objects relative to the future source. Neighborhood septic tanks are dangerous industrial enterprises etc. The water from such a neighborhood will be significantly spoiled by harmful chemical compounds.

So, let's start the actual drilling:

The auger must be turned clockwise using four hands. That is, you will need an assistant. We turn the drill until it is completely deep into the ground, after which we remove it using a winch. We clear the blades from layers of soil and deepen the drill again.
Thus, you need to reach waterproof soil. You can mark this layer by the composition of the wet soil that you selected on the aquifer.

Important: to level the walls of the well and clear it of layers of soil, you can use a bailer.

The finished well is equipped with a casing pipe with a strainer at the end. Now you need to pump out some water using a pump. Over time, the liquid at the source should come out clean. But if after pumping the water is still cloudy, it is worth deepening the well another 1-2 meters.

You can learn more about creating a sand well with your own hands from the video:

Pipe deepening drilling

If you are wondering how to drill a well yourself, you can use this method for greater convenience. Here it is necessary to prepare casing pipes, the diameter of which will exceed the diameter of the auger by several centimeters.
First, you need to proceed according to simple auger drilling. As soon as manual drilling reaches 70-100 cm, you can install a pipe in the hole and deepen it under the influence of impact force using a sledgehammer.
Well drilling continues inside the pipe. And each time, when removing the auger with a winch, it is necessary to deepen the pipe down to the aquifer.

Important: do not be overzealous with driving the pipe into the face itself. Otherwise, you may accidentally block the access of groundwater to your well. It's also worth noting that this method of source development does not include a filter. Therefore, it will be necessary to completely pump out the well several times and only then send the water for analysis.

It is advisable to fill the annulus with strong cement mortar to prevent dirty groundwater and wastewater from entering the source.

Cable-percussion drilling

For those who do not know how to drill a well, we will reveal another way to develop a source. This method is the most powerful of all listed. Because the soil will be drilled under the influence of a large impact force. To complete the work you will need:

Powerful and durable tripod made of metal pipes;
Winch with steel cable;
Impact glass made from a steel pipe, weighted and having sections for cutting soil on one side;
Bailer;
Casing pipes with mesh filter.
First of all, you need to prepare a special pit for the well. That is, we dig a site measuring 1.5x1.5x2 meters. It is advisable to cover it with boards so that the soil does not fall into the well during work.
So, we install the tripod over the intended area so that the impact glass is located exclusively in the center of the tripod. We mount the winch and attach the shock glass to the steel cable.
With the help of a neighbor (friend, brother), we influence the impact cartridge using a winch, sharply lowering the drill. The thread on the glass will cut into the ground, absorbing the cut layers.
Raise the glass and clean it of soil residues.
Thus, you now know how to drill a well without complex equipment.

Important: do not forget about good mesh filters that will prevent sand from getting into the well water.

But before working through the source manually, weigh the pros and cons. It is quite possible that it will be more profitable for your site to drill an artesian source.

Video about cable-percussion drilling:

Autonomous water supply is sometimes simply necessary, since running a centralized water supply to every house remote from the main line is a very expensive task. But how can you drill a well at your dacha with your own hands if you don’t have the opportunity to hire a professional drilling team?

We will tell you about drilling methods and give detailed guide By independent production works

Drilling of the wells

Methods

The extraction of water has interested man throughout his entire history.

Therefore, there are more than enough methods for drilling water wells, but we will consider only the most relevant options for us, namely:

Auger (rotary) drilling. For work, an auger is used - the most ordinary Archimedes screw (whoever has seen an ice drill should understand), which, when rotated, captures the rock with a spiral strip of hardened steel and delivers it upward. Allows you to drill shallow wells manually or using a motor drive (depth up to 8 - 12 meters);
Shock-rope method. To work, they use the force of gravity of the Earth: the drill falls from a height and breaks through the rock, which is then removed with a bailer or drill glass. The method is quite labor-intensive, but it allows you to manually dig fairly deep wells;
Abyssinian well. To pierce the soil, a so-called “needle” is used - a pipe with a sharp tip and perforation for collecting water, which is driven into the ground to the required depth. To hammer the pipe, you can use a hammer or sledgehammer. The depth of the face is from 3 to 8 m.

Important!
Based on the depth and type of aquifer, there are three types of wells: wells for sand (depth up to 50 m), wells for limestone (depth up to 200 m) and wells (depth from 3 to 8 m).
Of course, the deeper the more.

The well is distinguished by the fact that water is pumped out of it by surface manual or electric pump. The capabilities of such a device are limited by the height of the water column, so you will not be able to pump out water from a depth greater than 8 meters.

The most realistic way to build a well “on sand” or an Abyssinian well. Drilling artesian wells (those “on limestone”) is a complex and labor-intensive task, which is best left to professionals, despite the fact that the price of such work is quite high.

Choosing a drilling method

To determine how to properly drill a well, it is necessary to determine at what level the aquifer layer of the rock is located.

There are two ways to do this:

Carry out “reconnaissance” among your neighbors or fellow villagers - surely someone will have a well. You can also use a nearby well and measure the water level in it - this will be the desired value if you are interested in a shallow well;
Find out all necessary information at the local geodetic office. Such organizations have all the necessary data, but obtaining this information, for obvious reasons, may be accompanied by red tape.

Important!
To drill a well “into sand” using an auger method, you will need to find out the depth of the waterproof layer of rock under the sand, since you will have to dig right up to it.
This information is needed to determine the number of additional rods to transmit torque to the drill.

So, we have found out the depth of the aquifer. If this value does not exceed 5 - 7 meters, then you can use a regular hand drill (with or without a motor) or hammer in a “needle”. To excavate a well “on sand”, or if the depth is sufficiently large (15 meters or more), it is better to use the shock-rope development method.

Important!
Drilling with an auger to great depths is complicated by the fact that after each pass along the length of the screw (500 - 700 mm), the entire column has to be taken out, disassembled, cleaned and reassembled again.
This takes the lion's share of time and effort.
The shock-rope method is also quite slow, but at the same time the consumption of forces is less, and the quality of excavation is higher.

Manufacturing jobs

Abyssinian well

The Abyssinian well received its name because of the first place of its mass use - Ethiopia, which was formerly called Abyssinia. Today you can see this in any locality, they call it a column.

The main advantage of such a well is its compactness and the ability to use a mechanical water injection system that operates without electricity.

Determining the location of the well. It does not take up much space and can be installed directly in the basement of the house. The only condition is distance from septic tanks and compost pits, as well as other sources of soil contamination;

We take a piece of pipe (length - approximately 100 - 110 cm) of inch diameter with a welded cone-shaped pointed tip (needle) and perforation along the surface of the body. We put a mesh of stainless steel wire on the pipe, which we solder with tin or fix with clamps;

Hammer the section into the ground with a sledgehammer. We use a wooden overlay so as not to bend the edges. We screw on the coupling and attach the next piece of pipe, put a washer on the pipe so that it stops on the coupling. Next, take a weight from the barbell (the weight depends on your athletic ability) and put it on the protruding section, lift it to the top of the section and release it down - hammer the pipe further;

Next, we wind new sections and also drive them into the ground.. When the process suddenly becomes easier, lower the probe into the pipe and check for the presence of moisture. As soon as moisture appears, we hammer the pipe another meter;

We screw a pump onto the upper end of the pipe and pump water until it becomes clear.. We take water samples to determine its suitability for drinking; (See also article.)

We concrete the place where the pipe exits, install pumping equipment and connect it to the water supply. It is better to have a special sump in the water supply system for additional water filtration.

Important!
If the depth of the aquifer is large, or the rock is too hard, an ordinary screw drill can be used to penetrate the soil.

Well using the shock-rope method

If you want to equip a sand well of sufficient depth, you should use the percussion-rope drilling method. To do this you will have to assemble a tripod from steel pipes or wooden beams as shown in the photo above.

On the upper part of the tripod we fix a block through which we pass a steel cable or a strong rope. We hang a drill bit to the free end of the cable, and wind the other end onto a winch or well gate.

We drive the glass into the ground and remove it using a winch. We take out the soil and repeat the process, constantly going deeper. When the glass goes underground, it should be lifted and thrown under its own weight until it is filled with earth.

If the rock becomes loose and does not stay in the glass under the influence of friction, then we hang a bailer with check valve and extract the rock. For hard layers, we use a chisel, which we use to break the layer, and then remove it with a bailer.

When the aquifer begins to flow, we insert a casing pipe with perforation and a steel mesh filter at the end into the well. We mount the next section of pipe to it and deepen it. We do this until the pipe column hits the waterproof bottom of the aquifer of sand.

We remove sand and water from the pipe using a smaller diameter bailer. If the mixture is too thin, it can be thickened by adding sand or earth. Place a layer of gravel 20–30 cm deep at the bottom of the pipe.

We lower the deep water pump into the pipe and pump the water until it is clear. Next, we concrete the gap between the pipe walls and the well, and if necessary, insulate it. We connect the water supply and make a blind area and a canopy over the well to prevent water from entering.

Important!
This instruction is simplified as much as possible and is for informational purposes only; for a more detailed study of the issue, read the thematic articles on our website.

Conclusion

We showed how to drill a well at home without the participation of professional teams with minimal material costs. For a complete visual impression, we bring to your attention the video in this article.

There is no central water supply in your area and there never will be. Or it is just being planned. Construction of a well is very labor-intensive; it is necessary to turn over a lot of soil, buy, deliver and dig heavy concrete rings. Having your own well is an excellent solution, but the services of geologists are very expensive. Especially for those who cannot afford big expenses and know how to work with their hands, we will tell you how to drill a well with your own hands.

Let’s make a reservation right away that drilling water wells by hand in literally impossible, the man is not a mole, and his hands are not shovels. You will need certain devices and mechanisms. The savings are that drilling can be done on our own, and rent necessary equipment will cost much less than the services of a drilling rig on a truck bed. However, it should be understood that in 99.9% of cases the answer to the question of how to drill a well with your own hands to artesian water will sound like this: nothing. The fact is that reserves of high-quality groundwater, with rare exceptions, are located at a depth much greater than can be done without the use of complex and expensive mechanisms. Besides artesian waters They lie in layers of fairly hard rocks, which only powerful installations can handle. What types of groundwater are potentially available for independent device water intake?

Verkhovodka

Perchal water (soil water) is located close to the surface above fragmentary water-resistant lenses, often clays. You can’t find it everywhere; perennial water is often seasonal and can disappear altogether during the dry period of the year. It is usually of low quality and not suitable for drinking. Often it can only be used for economic purposes, mainly watering the garden. In the case of perched water, due to its shallow depth, the question of how to drill a well under water with your own hands can be solved using simple and cheap methods.

Groundwater

Groundwater lies in a sandy layer above the upper extensive impermeable layer; the depth can vary from 5 to 50 m. In wooded areas, groundwater can be found quite close to the surface, but in the steppe they are often located deep or absent altogether. Groundwater quality varies greatly and rarely meets drinking water standards, requiring the installation of a filtration system. Wells that are drilled for groundwater are called sand wells; due to their moderate cost, they are most common among owners of private estates with their own water intake.

Interformational waters

Interstratal water, as the name suggests, lies between waterproof layers of soil. The layer (or several) located on top serves as an effective filter, so such waters, as a rule, have high quality indicators. If you are lucky, under certain conditions (low occurrence, soils without rocky inclusions), interstratal waters may be available for independent drilling. However, more often they are located at a distance of over 40 m from the surface; drilling a well manually to such a depth is problematic.

How to drill a water well yourself

So, how to drill a well yourself? Let us remind you that it is possible to drill a well using manual and low-power mechanisms only over a short distance and provided that the soil does not contain rocky inclusions and boulders. Before starting work, it would be a good idea to find out the potential depth of groundwater; for this, it is worth talking with neighbors who have already equipped their own water intake. A map of the drilling depths of wells in your area will also tell you about the level of interstratal and groundwater. Work can be carried out using manual mechanisms or small-sized installation. Let's take a closer look at how to properly drill a water well on your own.

How to drill a water well manually

There are several options manual drilling, differing in labor intensity, the tools and mechanisms involved and, of course, the result.

Using a hand-held garden auger and a set of attachments, two people can actually make a hole up to 10 m deep in soft soil to reach the high water. A large hole diameter is not needed; it is enough to use nozzles of 70-80 mm, which will allow you to install a casing pipe of 50-60 mm. Since the height is minimal, a hand column or surface pump is used to lift water.

To drill a well with your own hands, you need to have a set of tools: a collar, a drill, rod attachments, open-end wrenches. The work is hard and unproductive. A stone the size of a fist or more that gets in the way will nullify all efforts

It is difficult not only to rotate the gate, but also to lift the drill to install additional rods. This task can be made easier by hanging the drill on a cable through a block to a tripod.

A simple combination of a tripod and a lifting block will help lift the drill on a cable, which will at least partially facilitate the work

A manual soil drill will allow you to achieve similar results, only faster and with less labor. You can rent a motor drill; you should choose a two-handed model with an engine with a power of at least 1 kW; you will also need a set of extension attachments. You need two people to work with such a device; it is difficult to hold it level alone.

How to drill a well under water using a small-sized drilling rig

The main disadvantage of manual drilling is the inability to go to significant depths. The reasons for this are the inability to develop significant force and keep the drill level, without distortions. The problem is solved by installing more powerful engine on a durable frame that is not subject to displacement. The engine can be gasoline or electric; the more powerful, the higher the capabilities of the device. Frame - have a mechanism for lifting the drill and installing attachments, this will allow you to reach depths much greater than if the work was done manually. There are folk craftsmen who make such equipment with their own hands, fortunately the design is simple.

The simplest homemade drilling rig: a frame with a support platform, a movable platform with an engine is attached to it

But there are also quite productive factory-made small-sized drilling rigs (MDRs) that can be rented.

An MDR with a powerful electric motor and a stable frame allows drilling to a fairly large depth. Of course, this is already quite complex equipment, but renting it is still much cheaper than hiring a full-fledged installation based on a truck

The passport indicates the maximum drilling depth depending on the type of soil and the diameter of the drill. How to drill a water well using a drilling rig? One operator monitors the operation of the device; assistants are needed only to bring it to the construction site and install it. In soils that do not contain rocky inclusions, using a small-sized installation, depending on its model, you can drill a well with a depth of 20 to 50 m. Most likely, this will make it possible to arrange a water intake for sand groundwater, and if you are lucky, high-quality interstratal water.

How to drill a well with your own hands without drilling

There is also a method percussion-rope drilling, when a heavy pointed bit is dropped into a well, breaking up the rock. It is secured to a steel cable, which, in turn, is wound on a shaft with a stopper or secured to a block. This entire structure must be mounted on a fairly high tower; its dimensions are larger than those of the MBU. The reciprocating movements of the bit can be provided by a motor or the cable is wound and released manually. Among the advantages of the shock-rope method is the possibility of constructing wells large diameter and the ability to carry out work in fairly hard rocks. However, the shallow drilling depth and very low pace of work make this method of little demand.

How to drill a well with your own hands using the shock-rope method? You will need a tripod with a block or shaft, a cable, a chisel and lifting mechanism. The deeper the water intake is planned to be dug, the greater the installation height

Equipment manufacturers and craftsmen who are contracted to carry out work often use the hydrodrilling method. The video below shows how a well is drilled for water, liquid is pumped into it and removed along with soil particles. Water acts as a lubricant, thereby almost doubling the drilling depth. However, along with liquid from the surface, harmful microflora is inevitably introduced into the aquifer, which can lead to contamination of clean groundwater. If water intake is done to obtain drinking water, it is advisable not to use the hydromethod, but to drill “dry”. When this cannot be avoided, it is necessary to install a casing pipe with a filter immediately after completion of the work and lower it into the well vibration pump and continuously pump the water intake for at least a week. If this is not done, the source will have to be “treated” for a long time.

When installing attachments on the drill, strictly follow safety precautions, otherwise you risk losing your fingers.

Video: how to drill a water well

Quite powerful semi-automatic small installation“Mole” shows step by step how a well is drilled for water.

It is clearly shown how to drill a well with your own hands using a motor drill with attachments.

You can try to drill and equip a well for water supply on your own if you have certain skills, time and desire. If there are none, entrust the task to professional geologists; competent specialists will first determine the approximate depth of occurrence various types water, will offer options for water intake installation, will perform high-quality well drilling and installation of a production casing. They will pump the source, determine the characteristics, issue a passport and give a guarantee for the work performed.

Any private home or cottage must have water. It is necessary for household needs, as well as for watering crops. Despite the fact that drilling water wells with your own hands at first glance seems like a grandiose process, this task is actually quite feasible. Of course, solving this problem will require some special tools, but we are not talking about heavy drilling equipment. A well can be drilled in several ways, which are quite simple to implement.

What types of well structures are there?

Water can be extracted different ways. The main types of wells for water extraction are:

A well with a good spring that quickly fills with water and can accumulate up to 2 m² of water.
A well-filter in sand in the form of a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, immersed by an auger to a depth of 20-30 m. The buried end of the pipe is equipped with a stainless mesh filter, immersed in coarse sand. Such wells can last up to 15 years.
An artesian well in porous limestone with a depth of 20 to 100 m. This well is filterless, its service life is up to 50 years.

The exact depth of the future well cannot be determined in advance. You should be guided by the depth of wells drilled in neighboring areas or nearby wells. Taking into account possible deviations associated with the uneven occurrence of soil layers, it is better to buy casing pipes, focusing on the water supply sources already equipped on the site, taking into account minor adjustments. Of course, in this way you will not get the most delicious water, but you will provide yourself with the necessary supply of water resources.

You should know that with intensive use of a well, it will last much longer than with infrequent use.

Manual method of drilling a well

The most in a simple way Drilling a water well is rotary, in which the well is drilled with a rotating drill.

Before starting work, you should prepare the drill, drilling rig, winch, casing pipes and rods. A deep well should be dug with the help of a drilling derrick, which helps to immerse and lift the drill with rods.

If you need to drill a not very deep well, then a tower may not be required (when the drill string will be retrieved manually). Pipes can be used to make drill rods, and product connections can be threaded or keyed.

For the manufacture of cutting attachments, 3 mm sheet steel is used. When sharpening the edges of the bits, keep in mind that as the drill rotates, they need to cut into the ground clockwise.

Many owners of personal plots are well familiar with the simplest drilling device. The same principle is used for drilling a well.

Having determined the place where drilling will be carried out, a tower should be installed above it. In this case, its height should be higher than the drill rod, since this approach will greatly simplify the lifting and removal of the rod.
Next, you should dig a hole with a shovel for several bayonets, which will guide the drill.
To carry out the first turns of the drill, no special effort is required, so one person can do it. But later, when the pipe begins to sink deeper, an assistant will be needed.
If you cannot pull out the drill the first time, turn it counterclockwise and then try again.
The deeper the drill goes into the ground, the more difficult it will be to rotate the pipe. To make the work easier, you need to soften the soil with water. By moving the drill down every half meter, the drilling structure is removed to the surface and cleared of soil.
As the drill handle is compared to the ground level, it is necessary to expand the structure using an additional elbow.
Since lifting and clearing the drill takes a significant amount of time, make the most of the design - grab and bring to the surface as much earth as possible.
If work is carried out on loose soil, install additional casing pipes in the well to prevent soil from falling off the walls of the drilled well and causing it to collapse.

It is necessary to drill until the drilling device reaches the aquifer. You can easily determine its presence by appearance obtained land.
In the aquifer, the drill should be immersed even further until it hits the waterproof layer - this is necessary to ensure maximum water flow into the well. It is worth noting that manual drilling can only be done if the well depth is no more than 20 meters.
Next, you need to pump out the dirty water using a manual or submersible pump. Removing two or three buckets dirty water, the aquifer should be washed, after which it should appear pure water. If water does not appear, deepen the well another couple of meters.

Video about drilling water wells with your own hands

Hydro drilling of a well

Another method - drilling Do-it-yourself pressure water wells. This drilling method is applicable to any type of soil: both sandy and clay. However, for rocky soil, other methods should be used.

To complete the work, you need a small drilling rig, strength and time. If there is no boulder in the way of the drilling rig, and also if the aquifer is not very deep below ground level, then the work can be done in just a few hours.

This work can be done independently, without the help of a partner. It is not necessary to purchase a drilling rig; it can also be rented.

Before starting drilling, according to the instructions, it is necessary to dig several technological pits at a distance of 1-1.5 meters, which are necessary to perform the function of a filter pit.
The pits should be square, measuring 0.7 x 0.7 m. The main pit is located slightly further, and they should be connected to each other by a shallow trench. The size of the main pit is 1 x 1 x 1 m.
The water pump should be located further from the main sump.
Then you need to take the hose and lower its inlet into the main pit, and the outlet should be extended to the drilling rig.
When everything you need is ready for work, we drill a water well with our own hands. Water pump at the same time, it supplies the solution to the hoses, which flows through the swivel into the rods, and then down to the drill bit. The powerful pressure of the liquid washes out the rocks destroyed by the drill bit and displaces them to the surface of the well.
The spent clay solution enters the filter pit, where heavy, destroyed rocks sink to its bottom, and the liquid flows through the trench again to the main pit, and then to the drill bit.
Thus, the water solution circulates, and with each circle the sludge is washed out and cleaned.
As the drill sinks deeper into the soil layers, the rod should be increased.
Drilling continues until clean water appears on the surface. This means that the drill has reached the water layer.
Then you need to flush the water intake and place a water pump in the well.

After several weeks of operation, you should submit the water for analysis, carry out the necessary measurements, and issue a well passport, which should contain such characteristics as depth, water level height, flow rate and other indicators.

Video on how to drill a water well with your own hands

Well repair

Further, during the operation of the well, the filter may become clogged over time. In addition, if the pipeline is not used regularly, sand may become compacted in it, which can render the well unusable.

To repair a well, the contaminated filter is removed and cleaned independently, but in case of problems with the pipe, it is better to call qualified specialists who will flush the well.

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