Hot asphalt and step-by-step instructions for its production
Main terms of this material is crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bitumen resin, as well as polymeric materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive; it is used mainly in the construction of highways and highways. Despite the fact that all the components can be found in the shed, making a road surface at the dacha will be a little difficult. You should seriously prepare for this process
We need a container for mixing the “ingredients”, a fire (can be a fire) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the pastes to keep everything together. Its role can be played by resin or bitumen (preferred). Let's look at the manufacturing instructions step by step.
Step 1 Prepare the container.
The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. Suitable for our purposes metal barrel from under oil or diesel fuel, in which they sell a branded product. If you don’t have one, you can buy it for pennies (or borrow it for free) from any farmer or from the company itself that bottles oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as industrial waste. Close the lid and drill holes in the bottom center with an electric drill. We thread a metal rod (pipe, angle, square, etc.) and scald it using inverter welding so that there are no leaks anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, creating a “skewer”.
Step 2 Mix the ingredients.
We pour crushed stone into our “concrete mixer”, add a little sand (2:1) and mix everything thoroughly. You cannot pick up wet building materials - they will immediately stick together, and it will be very difficult to pick them out from the metal walls.
Step 3 Heat the bitumen and polymer additives.
In a separate container (it is best to take a 15-liter bucket), we need to heat the bitumen to a boil; for better elasticity, you can add shampoo to it. It will burn out later, but it will be much more convenient to stir. We also add polymers and plasticizers there.
Step 4 Mix everything together.
You don’t need a lot of imagination here, just take and add boiling bitumen to a preheated barrel with crushed stone and sand. Important: do not mix if the barrel and all components are not warmed up - the bitumen will quickly cool down and mixing will be impossible. For convenience, you can first add 50 liters of water to a barrel and bring to a boil. After this, pour in bitumen and stir until the water evaporates.
The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember not to overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!
Step 5 Pour into the holes.
The area in which you will pour asphalt must be thoroughly cleaned, preferably blown out with a compressor. After you pour in the hot mixture, you need to take a roller or any other tool (tamper) and compact the material. Be sure to wet the metal of the tool with water so that it does not stick to the bitumen during compaction.
If you follow the instructions, making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!
What is cold asphalt and what is its feature?
Quite recently, a rather interesting product came to the territory of Russia - polymer asphalt. Its peculiarity is that it can be laid at absolutely any temperature. Tests have shown excellent viscosity and adhesiveness even at -20C, which makes it possible to repair roads or make an entrance to a dacha even in winter.
It consists of fluid bitumen grade SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. It also contains special plasticizers and modifiers that act similarly to “ cold welding" Due to this, you can get excellent results even at subzero temperatures. The paths will have increased strength and will last much longer than regular asphalt. The technology has been implemented for more than 5 years in Russia, and now anyone can buy such material.
There is no point in looking for a method on how to make asphalt with your own hands, since cold technology involves a high-tech injection molding process and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than conventional road surfaces, so it is rarely used in industry. But every summer resident can buy the required quantity to make paths in the garden or a small driveway for a car. You can buy it in a regular store. Installation does not require special knowledge: you simply pour the mixture into the desired place and compact it in any convenient way, even with car tires.
How to make new asphalt from old road surface
Another very popular method of improving a site without much capital investment is to use old road surfaces as the main raw material for making a new one. To do this, we need about 100 kg of old coating, which is thrown away during highway repairs, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and a concrete hardener. Let's look at what needs to be done step by step.
we make a concrete mixer using electric drill, oil barrels and twigs as described in the first section of the article.
Step 2 Grind the components.
Use a hammer to break up all the large pieces remaining from the old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. Add a little sand there and mix everything. We begin to heat the barrel with old asphalt and sand placed in it, fill it with 60-70 liters of water, bring it to a boil and “cook the soup.”
Step 3 Prepare the solution for adding.
Now is the time to take care of the liquid part. Since the old road surface already contains some bitumen, we will need 50% less of it. That is, we take about 10 kg of bitumen and 10 kg of resin per 100 kg of material, heat it to a boil. Then we pour it all into a heated barrel with other components, mix thoroughly with a metal rod.
Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now all that remains is to pour it into pre-cleaned holes or onto a site prepared for laying. Such material will serve you for many years and will be no worse than “branded” material.
grounde.ru
How and from what you can make real asphalt yourself. Technologies and recipes for making high-quality asphalt with your own hands. Asphalt.
It would be more expedient to pour a layer of sand (at least 5 cm) on top of the asphalt, fill it with water and begin paving the paving slabs.
In order to save money, today they often resort to restoring asphalt that has already been used. Let's take a closer look at how to use old asphalt And what you need to do.
Recycling of asphalt is possible only after regeneration, which is carried out at the plant. But this process is simple and allows you to carry out all the work yourself.
Having thoroughly compacted the soil at the site of future asphalt laying work, we build a cushion of sand and crushed stone, water it and compact the layer again. At this point, the preparation of the base is completed - now you need to acquire the starting material that remains with you after dismantling the old coating, or simply buy old asphalt. You will also need several kilograms of bitumen and physical strength.
In order to melt old asphalt, we load it into a metal container along with purchased bitumen and heat it. To do this, simply place the container over the fire. We constantly stir the composition until it melts to a homogeneous mass, after which we add a little more crushed stone and sand so that the mixture has a crumbly consistency. The recycled asphalt can then be laid over the surface of the previously formed base. To avoid the compound sticking to the surface of the paver, you can treat the sealing surface of the device with old oil.
That, in fact, is all you need to know about how to use old asphalt at home.
Recycling of asphalt at the plant, as mentioned above, is carried out using the regeneration method. In this case, when mixing the molten composition of old asphalt, new mineral fillers and plasticizers are sometimes added to it, in addition to standard bitumen.
Recycling of asphalt to improve the efficiency of recovery plants is best done after grinding. This method also significantly increases the accuracy of the batch recipe. But, in this case, you have to additionally deal with the adhesion of asphalt material to the working elements of the crushers.
The solution to this problem was thermal crushing in steam plants. In such units, during crushing, the material is heated to 80°C. But this is abroad, and in domestic production, to regenerate old asphalt, as a standard, they use conventional installations for mixing such compositions. An additional set of installations with equipment for storing, transporting and dosing the asphalt concrete mixture is also used.
crovlya-krisha.blogspot.com
How to make asphalt with your own hands
Asphalt is often used for beautification local area. To make asphalt mass, use the advice and instructions from experts given in this article. They will help you perform all operations efficiently and obtain reliable building material for laying the roadway.
Components of asphalt mass and tools for their preparation
Depending on the technology that will be used to produce the asphalt mixture, you will need the following set of raw materials and tools:
- natural mountain asphalt;
- sand;
- bitumen;
- crushed stone;
- water;
- Bulgarian;
- drill;
- metallic profile;
- mixing container.
Making asphalt using the hot method
Establish the production of hot asphalt for the needs of private household Careful preparation and study of process technology will help. The composition of the asphalt mass includes bitumen resin, fine crushed stone, sand and artificial polymers. For their mixing and subsequent heat treatment, a fireproof container is used. Fuel is prepared to maintain the required temperature for 8 hours of combustion. 100 liters of water will be needed to cool the mixture.
Method of making hot asphalt:
- Select a working capacity.
- Mix dry sand and fine crushed stone.
- We heat the bitumen resin and polymers to a fluid mass.
- We add plasticizers to a heated container with sand and crushed stone.
- Stir until a homogeneous suspension is formed.
- We use asphalting for its intended purpose.
Advantages of cold asphalt
Cold asphalt is a modern building material that is used for quick repair and road development. The high functionality of the suspension is determined by SG bitumen. The plasticizer of this brand is characterized by high viscosity and retains plasticity at low temperatures.
The production of cold asphalt is a complex high-tech process, which is impossible to recreate in the conditions of a private farm. But, due to the wide distribution of the material in the construction market, summer residents can purchase it at finished form. A mass of cold asphalt is laid on the site and compacted using available tools.
Asphalt from an old road surface
Pieces of destroyed road surfaces can be used as raw materials for the production of asphalt mass. Thanks to this technique, you can easily improve the area without the need for large investments.
Road reuse technology:
- Grind the pieces of canvas to a fraction of 0.4 cm in size.
- Add sand and water and bring the mixture to a temperature of 100 °C.
- For 100 kg of processed mass, prepare 10 kg of bitumen and resin, bring to a boil.
- Mix all the remaining ingredients.
Asphalt from previously used components is a cheap building material for the construction and repair of pedestrian and motor roads. With careful preparation of raw materials and correct installation, the wear resistance of such a coating does not differ from cold or hot asphalt.
postroy-prosto.ru
Laying asphalt with your own hands: laying technology
Garden paths should not only be beautiful, but also reliable. Exist different materials for paving them, but many of them are expensive. Most economical option, presumably, the paths will be paved.
To understand how to lay asphalt with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of this process.
Types of asphalt
According to the production method, asphalt is distinguished:
- Natural. It is formed as a result of hypergenesis and oxidation of heavy oil fractions.
- Artificial. It is obtained in a factory after mixing mineral powders, crushed stone, sand and bitumen.
Asphalt products are popular, so manufacturers are improving their composition and manufacturing methods. Thanks to this, new varieties of artificial raw materials appear.
Composition and application of hot asphalt
Consists of gravel, mineral powder, viscous bitumen and sand. During production, the components are mixed under high temperatures, and a homogeneous black mass is obtained.
It must be laid a few minutes after production, since when it cools, the level of adhesion to the surface deteriorates and a poor-quality coating is obtained.
Features of cold asphalt
It differs from other types in that it uses liquid bitumen rather than viscous one. When producing a resinous mass, components are added that slow down the hardening of bitumen.
Cast pavement composition
The composition includes the same components as hot asphalt. However, the cast one contains twice as much mineral powder and bitumen. The distinctive features of the coating are its small thickness and relief. Performance characteristics are 2–3 times higher than those of other types.
Colored asphalt
It can be classified as cold and hot asphalt, since it is produced in the same way. The composition includes colored dyes and crushed stone, which is why the resinous mass got its name.
Asphalt crumbs
There are two ways to make it: crushing and milling old layers of asphalt. The quality of the crumb depends on the cutter and the composition of the processed mixture.
How to lay asphalt
Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt
The material is actively used to create country paths because it has many useful qualities:
- durability;
- tolerance of sudden temperature changes;
- dense coating;
- resistance to deformation;
- waterproof.
There are also disadvantages that appear when using asphalt on a summer cottage:
- on hot summer days it evaporates, and harmful substances enter the human body;
- the coating is not suitable for decorating the area, as it does not fit well into garden styles;
- If the installation is done incorrectly, then during severe frosts it will begin to quickly collapse.
Preparation for installation
Asphalt laying begins with preparation. It is performed in several stages.
Planning
First, markings are made and the thickness of the crushed stone cushion with asphalt coating is determined.
It is necessary to understand exactly what thickness will need to be laid.
When resurfacing the yard, it is enough to pour 10–20 cm of sand and lay a 5–7 cm layer of asphalt. When asphalting the driveway of a private house, a more durable coating is made. The thickness of the crushed stone cushion should not be less than 40 cm. The asphalt should be laid in two layers with a total thickness of 15–20 cm.
Land works
Before excavation work is carried out, the area is checked for the presence of vegetation with large roots, which needs to be removed.
In the place where the asphalt will be laid, remove it with a shovel upper layer land. When carrying out larger-scale work, it will not be possible to do it manually and you will have to use special equipment. Excess soil is removed so that during rains it does not wash onto the road. At the end of the process, prepared land plot compacted with a roller.
Preparing the base
After completion of the excavation work, crushed stone is poured into several layers onto the compacted plot of land. First you need to pour larger stones, and then put smaller ones. Each layer of crushed stone has its own purpose:
- a small stone helps to evenly distribute the asphalt layer;
- medium promotes uniform load distribution;
- the large one acts as drainage.
Large crushed stone is necessary for laying asphalt
When laying crushed stone, a slight slope is made towards the ground or drainage basins to allow water to drain.
The base laid with crushed stone is compacted with a roller. It should roll over the surface about five times. When paving a large yard, it is recommended to use a roller with a mass of about 3-4 tons and a built-in vibration function. This will allow for a high-quality compaction of the surface. Sometimes special equipment cannot reach some places and a vibrating plate is used instead.
Asphalting
After creating a crushed stone base, you can begin laying. For this purpose, material of different grain sizes is used. It is difficult to prepare a high-quality resinous mixture at home, so it is better to purchase it. The advantages of using a factory mixture include:
- saving time in production;
- use of quality material.
To lay asphalt in your yard, you need to use a fine-grain material. It is laid in one layer 5–7 cm thick.
When creating an access road, the material is laid in several layers. Fine asphalt is placed below, and coarse asphalt is placed on top. The coating is compacted with a roller and filled with bitumen to better connect the layers.
Laying over old coating
To figure out how to properly lay asphalt on an old surface, you need to familiarize yourself with some nuances.
The process of preparing the area changes slightly if the work is carried out on an asphalt surface. In this case, there is no need to carry out excavation work and it is enough to repair the old coating. It is completely cleared of debris and dirt, after which the damage on the surface is filled with bitumen and a new asphalt layer is laid.
Coating repair
Over time, paved paths deteriorate. The reasons for this may be different:
- frozen water in cracks;
- surface deformation under influence high temperature;
- heavy loads on asphalt.
You can also use instead of asphalt concrete screed or paving slabs.
Laying asphalt with your own hands is not an easy job, which is difficult to cope with without preparation. During asphalting, you must comply with all technological nuances, on which the strength and durability of the coating depends.
Related video: How to lay asphalt
promzn.ru
Rubber asphalt: do-it-yourself laying technology
Rubber crumb coating is suitable for pedestrian paths, sports and children's playgrounds. The material does not deteriorate under the influence of precipitation, is durable, and does not lose its original appearance throughout its entire service life. Rubber asphalt is so versatile that it allows you to create an original coating for your home with your own hands.
Description of material
What is rubber asphalt? A special set of elements that allows you to independently prepare a working mixture for further installation of the coating. The basis of the finished mass is colored rubber crumb, which prevents the ingress of water. Laying is carried out on concrete, wood, asphalt. The mounted platform does not collapse and remains hard. The material is used to perform:
- Coverings of pedestrian paths.
- Arrangement of stairs, ramps and the area around the house.
- Installation of sports grounds.
Rubber asphalt in bags can be purchased at construction stores. For example, similar products are produced in Naberezhnye Chelny, packaging weighing 8.1 kg. The package contents are:
Material consumption - up to 2 m2 with a coating thickness of 5 millimeters. Surface drying time is at least 24 hours at a temperature of 20 degrees and a humidity of 65 percent. The material is suitable for making soft surfaces for the home.
Characteristic
Liquid rubber asphalt creates a seamless and elastic surface with a roughness that prevents slipping. Advantages of the material:
- Does not contain dry powder dyes.
- Has good wear resistance and moisture resistance.
- The surface does not require frequent repairs.
- High level durability.
- Installation does not require additional equipment or special skills.
- The finished asphalt has an attractive appearance and different color scheme.
- Environmentally safe and does not cause allergies.
The material allows you to implement bold design solutions.
Laying technology
The technology for laying rubber asphalt is similar to the installation of self-leveling polymer floors. The following weather conditions are required to carry out the work:
- The air temperature is not lower than +5 degrees.
- Lack of climatic precipitation.
The working mixture is mounted on the prepared base.
The asphalt base is made at least 5 centimeters thick, and the rubber coating is installed after 3 days.
The concrete platform is made up to 10 centimeters thick. If large loads are envisaged, reinforcement is performed. We should not forget about the construction of unloading seams. Laying of the working mass is possible after 28 days.
The prepared base is primed.
Sequence of work
It is not difficult to install rubber asphalt with your own hands, the main thing is to follow the sequence and technology. The process consists of the following operations:
- Site preparation. Rubber crumb asphalt is mounted on a solid base: concrete, wood, asphalt. concrete surface needs to be sanded. For better adhesion, the base should be cleaned of dirt and dust.
- Primer coating. Before laying the rubber material, the site is treated with a primer. To do this, the contents of the packaging bag are mixed with turpentine or white spirit in a 1:1 ratio. The primer is evenly applied to the surface with a roller or brush.
- The working mixture is prepared in a bag. The contents of the large PU are poured into a mixing bag and mixed thoroughly.
- Application of rubber mass. To do this you will need a grater and a roller. The resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the entire area. Compact the coating by tapping and pressing. The surface must dry for 24 hours.
The resulting result will please the owners of the house for a long time.
betonov.com
How is asphalt made? - Interesting articles
The first road surfaces appeared during the Hittite Kingdom, Assyria, the Achaemenid Empire and further in the Roman Empire. By order of the emperors and kings, the cities were connected by roads made of polished stone and bricks. This greatly influenced trade and the ability to move their own troops, thereby strengthening the economy and enhancing the security of the country. But with the advent of severe road transport, the stone roads became unusable and gradually collapsed under the influence of the wheels. For this reason, stones began to be replaced with more stable asphalt surfaces made from petrochemical products.
As a result, today you can see high-quality, sustainable roads that do not require constant maintenance. And every time you step on the road or drive a car, you ask yourself the question: how is asphalt made?
Interesting fact: in ancient Greece and Babylon, oil clots were used as building material. It was added to cement to increase the strength and impact resistance of future walls.
What is asphalt made from?
To produce asphalt, granite or volcanic crushed stone, minerals, bitumen and sand are purchased. After arriving at the plant, they are loaded into special drying apparatus. The operator feeds sand and crushed stone separately into the rotating drum via a conveyor belt. At the end of the installation there is a gas or diesel burner, which heats the walls of the drum, thereby drying the components of the future asphalt inside. For drying they can also use an installation with electrically heated. Upon completion of the process, crushed stone and sand are sent for cleaning to drum set called "Rumble".
During cleaning, the components pass through grates and filters and are screened out from debris, foreign inclusions, large and small stones. After processing, they are loaded into bunkers, where they are stored until the next stage. Using a computer remote control and electric dampers, it is possible to measure the required amount of ingredients for production different types asphalt.
Bitumen preparation
Bitumen is produced at specialized factories, and is delivered ready-made for asphalt production. It is placed in huge boiler tanks with electrical heating, where it is gradually heated to a temperature of 110 - 120°C. Before production, it is transferred to another boiler, where it is melted until operating temperature at 150°C. Bitumen is the result of petrochemical production, therefore safety precautions are strictly observed when heating it. At a temperature of 150 - 160°C it can ignite and lead to a long fire.
Asphalt production
The prepared components enter special bunkers, from which they enter the mixing apparatus via a conveyor belt. Due to its specific properties, bitumen is delivered separately via pipeline. Sometimes, to maintain temperature, the pipeline is equipped with an insulating coating or a heating system.
Cellulosic stabilizing additive is added to some types of asphalt to increase its strength. All toxic vapors are removed by a ventilation system with installed filters for cleaning polluted air. All production control takes place remotely from a computerized control panel.
Interesting fact: the first paved road appeared in the 1830s in England. Then it was first used for the sidewalks of the Royal Bridge in Paris.
All components are mixed while rotating in a heated drum. Under the influence of rotational movements and high temperature, the asphalt is fully mixed until the required properties and consistency are obtained.
Completion of production
The finished product enters the container, where a small part of it is taken for test control. The samples are tested for strength under the pressure of the press and inspect its composition. After passing the Quality Control Department, hot asphalt is sent to the construction of roads by special trucks.
Ready-made asphalt will please everyone who drives a car or walks on it. Its hard and shock-absorbing surface will keep more than one pair of legs and wheels intact.
The reliability of the asphalt pavement depends on the use of high-quality components in the mixture, their uniform mixing, maintaining the temperature regime during manufacture and storage. In addition, the planned place for laying the asphalt pavement should be located as close as possible to the place of its production, so that the time for transporting the material is as short as possible.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
The main advantages of laying asphalt are:
- affordable cost, especially in the case of small-scale applications;
- possibilities instant cooking in factory conditions;
- durability of the coating, subject to the technology of manufacture and installation;
- the relative simplicity of laying asphalt in the presence of special equipment.
The disadvantages of asphalt and concrete are:
- a sharp decline technical characteristics when heated by sunlight;
- evaporation of bitumen when heated and the release of harmful fumes;
- the need to maintain the required temperature until the laying of the asphalt pavement.
At the same time, despite the presence of serious shortcomings, a price alternative to asphalt concrete has not yet been found. A path made from paving slabs will be noticeably more expensive.
Work to improve the quality and versatility of the material is being carried out as part of the selection of more effective mixtures. Good performance is achieved by adding polymer mixtures and reducing the volume fraction of bitumen.
Purpose of the constituent components
Asphalt concrete with and without mineral powder.The first asphalt was made from natural bitumen. Then they began to use bitumen, obtained as a result of oil distillation, when heating liquid hydrocarbons. Today it is the most common binder for the production of asphalt mixes.
Sand, gravel or crushed stone in asphalt play the role of the main working fillers. Sand is necessary to more evenly distribute pressure within the asphalt layer and fill voids between individual stones. Together with bitumen, it binds larger fractions of stone, holds them and does not allow them to go up beyond the layer.
Fractions of gravel and crushed stone determine the group of asphalt concrete and its area of application. All asphalt pavements are conditionally divided into three groups according to density, depending on the size of the stones used:
- dense, with a gravel fraction of 5-10 mm, for paving courtyards, sidewalks, paths and other surfaces with low load;
- porous, with a stone size of 10-20 mm, for laying lower layers in multi-layer coatings;
- highly porous, with a crushed stone fraction of 20-40 mm, for use on critical sections of highways.
This porosity distribution determines the ability of asphalt to transmit moisture and drain it into the drainage layer for further discharge into the ground. Therefore, highly porous material is more difficult to install, but its service life is much longer.
Finely ground chalk, limestone or sandstone are added as mineral fillers. They fill the last remaining voids and make the asphalt path more uniform. Moreover, the best mineral filler is made from sandstone, as a chemically neutral substance.
By adding crumbled rubber, crushed to sizes of 1.0-1.5 mm, ductility and hydraulic stability increase. Therefore, asphalt with it is often used to cover the roof of workshops industrial enterprises. Asphalt concrete with crumb rubber less likely to crack and has springy properties.
Reinforcement with polymer mesh. Polymer additives in the form of reinforcing plastic fibers significantly increase the strength of the material. This cooking technology is used only for the most critical areas. The strength of an asphalt path can also be increased by adding cement to it, but in this case limestone cannot be used as a fine aggregate.
Do-it-yourself asphalt production
Self-made asphalt does not allow it to be used for laying highways and city streets. However, such material can be effectively used for arranging garden paths or areas with low weight load during operation. To make your own asphalt you will need:
- ordinary, even unwashed sand;
- fine gravel or crushed stone;
- solid bitumen resin with a melting point of no more than 120°C;
- wide bucket or concrete mixer;
- metal barrel and bucket;
- shovel;
- wide sieve or metal mesh for sifting sand.
Prepare a dry mixture of sand and gravel in a bucket or concrete mixer in a ratio of 1:2 by volume. Place the barrel on the stand and light a fire under it. Pour a bucket of water inside.
At the same time, place a bucket filled one-third with water on another fire. When the water in the bucket begins to boil, put bitumen in it to heat and melt. Pour crushed stone into the barrel sand mixture. Boiling water in a bucket and barrel will ensure that the temperature is maintained at 100°C.
Pour the crushed stone-sand mixture into the barrel and wait until the water boils. Boil the bitumen in water until the bitumen melts and the water gradually boils away. Then pour the molten bitumen into a barrel with a crushed stone-sand mixture and begin to actively mix. It is recommended to stir metal pipe or other durable object. At the time of pouring, there should be boiling water in the barrel, into cold water hot bitumen You can't pour.
The ratio of the volume of bitumen to the volume of crushed stone-sand mixture is approximately 1:15. More accurately, the density of asphalt can only be determined visually.
In order to improve the plasticity of the asphalt mass, simplify mixing and facilitate subsequent laying, you can use special or liquid detergent. The plasticizer is added in accordance with the instructions, liquid detergent at the rate of 1 glass per 40-50 liters of asphalt.
As soon as the water has boiled away, the homemade asphalt is ready and can be laid on the path. If by this time you have not finished preparatory work, then add water to the barrel again. Please note that you can only add boiling water, cold water If it gets on a hot surface, it can instantly boil and cause burns.
Laying asphalt pavement
Do-it-yourself installation work begins with making planning decisions and markings. At this stage of work it is necessary to clearly define:
- with the location of the track;
- its width and height above ground level;
- with the type of curb and its installation height;
- with places for laying drainage systems.
When determining the location of the path, you should take into account the presence of possible underground engineering communications, location garden trees and the direction of slopes for rainwater drainage. After making decisions, you need to drive pegs around the perimeter of the future asphalt pavement, defining its exact contours.
Along the marked contour, it is necessary to dig a so-called “trough” or trench, 15 cm deep. Lay a layer on its bottom, which will prevent the germination of weeds and allow moisture to freely drain into the lower layer of soil.
Install and secure the curb and fill the “trough” to the top with crushed stone. The surface must be thoroughly compacted. The durability of the asphalt pavement depends on the quality of the compaction.
Next, you should buy asphalt or prepare it yourself and lay it on top of crushed stone in a layer 4-5 cm thick at a time. Pre-leveling can be done with an inverted rake or a wooden mop.
During the leveling process, it is necessary to check for slopes using building level. Compaction of the asphalt concrete layer on garden path best to do .
It should be noted that the process of laying asphalt with your own hands depends on weather conditions. These works should not be carried out at sub-zero temperatures or in damp rainy weather.
Technology for recycling asphalt pavements
Need for savings Money during the repair and construction of new asphalt roads led to the development of an effective recycling system (reuse of materials). In this case, the asphalt removed from the road surface is processed, both in stationary factory conditions and in mobile equipment at the work site.
Using this technology, the asphalt concrete coating is removed using a special mechanism with a mechanical cutter - a remixer. Next, the removed material is crushed into a crushed stone fraction and can be used to prepare dry mixtures for the construction of road bases and fills for suburban highways and roads.
Asphalt base. According to the second technology, the collected and crushed material is placed in a furnace and heated without access to fire to 170°C with the addition of required quantity fresh bitumen and additives. This processing method is widely used when repairing city streets and courtyards, since the price, production and laying of asphalt in this case is much lower.
Recycling asphalt at home
The old road surface made from asphalt mixture allows home handyman arrange on personal plot comfortable and neat asphalt pedestrian paths, which can easily replace paving slabs. This DIY asphalt can also be used, for example, to cover the floor in a garage or in front of it.
Only the top bitumen layer needs to be removed. The removed material must be broken into pieces as small as possible. The maximum fraction should not exceed 40 mm.
Methodology for checking the quality of asphalt road surfaces
Each manufacturer of building materials is required to issue the buyer of asphalt a certificate of product quality compliance with state standards. To do this, the plant must have a certified laboratory that can conduct the necessary set of tests. In addition, in all major cities there are independent laboratories for checking the quality of construction and manufacturing of materials.
At a construction site, testing occurs by drilling a core of a given diameter from the road surface and then restoring the road surface. Externally, the quality of the delivered asphalt can be determined by its temperature and the presence of a black, greasy film on the surface.
The main components of this material are crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bitumen resin, as well as polymer materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive; it is used mainly in the construction of highways and highways. Despite the fact that all the components can be found in the shed, making a road surface at the dacha will be a little difficult. You should seriously prepare for this process
We need a container for mixing the “ingredients”, a fire (can be a fire) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the pastes to keep everything together. Its role can be played by resin or bitumen (preferred). Let's look at the manufacturing instructions step by step.
Step 1 Prepare the container.
The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. For our purposes, a metal barrel of oil or diesel fuel, in which a branded product is sold, is suitable. If you don’t have one, you can buy it for pennies (or borrow it for free) from any farmer or from the company itself that bottles oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as industrial waste. Close the lid and drill holes in the bottom center. We thread a metal rod (pipe, angle, square, etc.) and scald it using inverter welding so that there are no leaks anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, creating a “skewer”.
Step 2 Mix the ingredients.
We pour crushed stone into our “concrete mixer”, add a little sand (2:1) and mix everything thoroughly. You cannot pick up wet building materials - they will immediately stick together, and it will be very difficult to pick them out from the metal walls.
Step 3 We heat the bitumen and polymer additives.
In a separate container (it is best to take a 15-liter bucket), we need to heat the bitumen to a boil; for better elasticity, you can add shampoo to it. It will burn out later, but it will be much more convenient to stir. We also add polymers and plasticizers there.
Step 4 Mix everything together.
You don’t need a lot of imagination here, just take and add boiling bitumen to a preheated barrel with crushed stone and sand. Important: do not mix if the barrel and all components are not warmed up - the bitumen will quickly cool down and mixing will be impossible. For convenience, you can first add 50 liters of water to a barrel and bring to a boil. After this, pour in bitumen and stir until the water evaporates.
The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember not to overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!
Step 5 Pour into the holes.
The area in which you will pour asphalt must be thoroughly cleaned, preferably blown out with a compressor. After you pour in the hot mixture, you need to take a roller or any other tool (tamper) and compact the material. Be sure to wet the metal of the tool with water so that it does not stick to the bitumen during compaction.
If you follow the instructions, making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!
What is cold asphalt and what is its feature?
Quite recently, a rather interesting product came to the territory of Russia - polymer asphalt. Its peculiarity is that it can be laid at absolutely any temperature. Tests have shown excellent viscosity and adhesiveness even at -20C, which makes it possible to repair roads or make an entrance to a dacha even in winter.
It consists of fluid bitumen grade SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. It also contains special plasticizers and modifiers that act similarly to “cold welding”. Due to this, you can get excellent results even at subzero temperatures. The paths will have increased strength and will last much longer than regular asphalt. The technology has been implemented for more than 5 years in Russia, and now anyone can buy such material.
There is no point in looking for a method on how to make asphalt with your own hands, since cold technology implies a high-tech manufacturing process under pressure and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than conventional road surfaces, so it is rarely used in industry. But every summer resident can buy the required quantity to make paths in the garden or a small driveway for a car. You can buy it in a regular store. Installation does not require special knowledge: you simply pour the mixture into the desired place and compact it in any convenient way, even with car tires.
How to make new asphalt from old road surface
Another very popular method of improving a site without much capital investment is to use old road surfaces as the main raw material for making a new one. To do this, we need about 100 kg of old coating, which is thrown away during highway repairs, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and a concrete hardener. Let's look at what needs to be done step by step.
We make a concrete mixer using an oil barrel and a twig as described in the first section of the article.
Step 2 Grind the components.
Use a hammer to break up all the large pieces remaining from the old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. Add a little sand there and mix everything. We begin to heat the barrel with old asphalt and sand placed in it, fill it with 60-70 liters of water, bring it to a boil and “cook the soup.”
Step 3 Prepare the solution for addition.
Now is the time to take care of the liquid part. Since the old road surface already contains some bitumen, we will need 50% less of it. That is, we take about 10 kg of bitumen and 10 kg of resin per 100 kg of material, heat it to a boil. Then we pour it all into a heated barrel with other components, mix thoroughly with a metal rod.
Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now all that remains is to pour it into pre-cleaned holes or onto a site prepared for laying. Such material will serve you for many years and will be no worse than “branded” material.
The most popular material for covering roads and sidewalks today is without a doubt asphalt. This is primarily due to its unique physicochemical properties and features. Using asphalt as a road surface is a practical and easy solution. Asphalt itself is quite resistant to impact. environment, and also has high wear resistance.
A properly prepared and laid asphalt road will serve very well. long term. Also, asphalt pavement is well suited for asphalting small paths, driveways to residential buildings. How to lay asphalt with your own hands?
There are several specific steps in laying asphalt. First stage: excavation work and preparation of the roadway. Then, on the compacted gravel-sand mixture, the laying of coarse-grained asphalt begins with the compaction of the layer with a special roller. After laying coarse-grained asphalt concrete (grades KZ-7 or KZ-10), laying of fine-grained asphalt begins. One of the popular brands of asphalt is asphalt concrete B10.
Let's look at the stages of asphalt paving
Stage 1 earthworks. Before starting, you will need to assess the amount of work, draw up layouts of tracks, entrances and exits. Among other things, it is important to take into account the location of underground utilities and terrain features. This will allow you to correctly calculate drainage system so as not to have problems with drainage in the future Wastewater. pay attention to big trees. Tree roots can tear through the asphalt over time and seriously damage the integrity of the pavement.
The initial stages of work involve removing the top layer of soil. Soil removal is done using special equipment (bulldozer, excavator, grader). For large volumes of work you will need excavator rental in Kyiv.
How deep will the soil layer have to be removed? This parameter depends on many different factors and, first of all, on the purpose of the asphalt pavement. If you are planning to make paths from asphalt, then it is enough to remove 10 - 25 cm of soil. The greater the planned load on the future asphalt surface, the deeper the pit will need to be prepared.
Be sure to consider this point: when it rains, water should flow into the drainage system and not accumulate on or under the asphalt. The removed layer of soil should be removed from the asphalt paving area even before the start of asphalt paving. Because during rains, water will erode the soil, and it will enter the drainage system, clogging the gutters. To compact the soil and crushed stone base, you will need a roller.
2. Preparing the base for laying asphalt. In order to do good styling asphalt with your own hands, you need to lay it solid foundation. The base for the road surface can be rigid ( road slabs) and non-rigid ( sand, crushed stone or gravel). If the load on the coating is low with low traffic intensity, these base parameters will suit you. In the area of the entrance to the house, fill granite crushed stone fraction 40 - 60 mm. (layer thickness 15 cm). For pedestrian paths and areas, an embankment of 5-10 cm will be sufficient. Crushed stone requires compaction and compaction, as well as uniform distribution. It is important to note that laying a larger layer is not advisable. After laying large crushed stone, granite crushed stone of a finer fraction of 20 - 40 mm is followed. Its thickness is about 10 cm, the last layer is river sand. It is advisable to spill the entire flooring with water so that it settles and becomes more durable.
Compaction with preparatory layers can be carried out with vibrating plates or special laying rollers. The quality of the preparation of the base for asphalting is directly related to the service life of the future coating and its strength.
To prepare the base for asphalt can also be used reinforced concrete slabs and/or concrete foundation poured from monolithic concrete. This method of preparation for asphalting is rarely used because it is much more expensive in terms of cost. Asphalting with reinforced concrete base done during the construction of runways in the aircraft industry.
Broken stone and ordinary brick . Using broken bricks It is important to ensure high packing density. This foundation will be strong enough and can successfully withstand heavy loads. However, laying broken stone and brick requires a significant time investment since the process itself is labor-intensive.
Preparation stage crushed stone-sand mixture also involves the installation of side stones and border. The curb is important not only from a decorative point of view, but is also necessary to prevent the asphalt from spreading and maintaining the integrity of the coating. For small paths, you can install small curbs.
Technology of laying asphalt on the base
Make your own asphalt so that he does not lose his advantages and retains his operational properties. The best choice- buy ready-made and hot asphalt concrete at the asphalt plant nearest to you. What are the advantages of buying ready-mixed asphalt?
You receive hot ready-made asphalt, prepared according to a special recipe and fully compliant with GOST.
The cost of ready-made asphalt from an asphalt concrete plant will be lower than preparing asphalt yourself. On average, 1 ton of asphalt concrete is enough to pave 10 square meters 10 cm thick.
It is important to note that all asphalting work must be carried out at a temperature of at least five degrees Celsius. Choose a sunny, dry day to pave your site. Violation of asphalt laying technology leads to rapid operational wear and ends in premature destruction of the asphalt pavement.
What types of asphalt concrete are there?
There are two types of asphalt concrete mixtures: coarse-grained and fine-grained. In terms of surface quality, fine-grained asphalt is the best. He has the most smooth surface on which dirt settles to a lesser extent, which makes cleaning and maintaining such asphalt much easier. All asphalt concrete mixtures (crushed stone and gravel) according to GOST 9128-97 divided into types: A, B, C, D, D.
The procedure for laying asphalt after its delivery
As soon as the asphalt is delivered to you by dump truck, you must immediately begin laying it. You can use an asphalt paver for these purposes. Narrow paths are covered with asphalt using a shovel, and then compacted using a vibrating plate. Based on the thickness of the asphalt, immediately after spreading it over the surface, compaction with self-propelled or manual devices should immediately begin.
Depending on the calculation of the load on the asphalt surface, one or several layers of asphalt are laid. For your house (entrance to the house) it will be enough to lay a layer of 5 to 7 cm, and for paths - 3-4 cm.
How to compact asphalt?
Correct and high-quality compaction of asphalt concrete determines its service life. How to roll and compact asphalt? Asphalt can be vibrated, rolled and compacted. Vibrating plate, manual roller, light vibrating roller.
The temperature of asphalt for laying should be no lower than 105 degrees Celsius. The colder the asphalt, the more passes the roller will need to make. The shaft can be moistened with water to prevent asphalt from sticking to the surface of the shaft. The movement of the roller must be made without reversing movements, smoothly and have the same number of times along all laying strips. If asphalt is laid on a slope, then its compaction must proceed only from the bottom up. The seams that are formed at the junction of rolling strips can be aligned perpendicular to the rolling direction. The protrusion of the roller beyond the uncompacted cooled asphalt should be no more than 20 cm.
How to properly care for asphalt?
To ensure maximum asphalt life, there are 3 golden rules for asphalt maintenance.
- Do not allow heavy equipment to drive onto the road surface. Especially tracked tractors.
- At high summer temperatures, the asphalt overheats and can become deformed under the weight of heavy machinery.
- Asphalt requires regular inspection and maintenance. Small holes and cracks should be repaired as soon as possible using bitumen, cement or cold asphalt. Cold asphalt- a type of asphalt road surface that can be laid when temperature conditions from -20 to +40 degrees Celsius. Compared to regular asphalt, cold asphalt is much more expensive.
Today, asphalt is the main road surface and has unique properties. Therefore, the use of this material will increase every year.
