Furnace using waste oil: do-it-yourself drip-type testing, how to make it with pressurization from a gas cylinder. How to make a furnace for testing with your own hands according to the drawings, construction from a gas cylinder

A working stove has its advantages, since a heating device of this type is often used. They are used for heating:

• garages;
• greenhouses;
• shops and workshops.

In addition, they can be used to heat retail spaces, warehouses and other industrial premises. The exhaust furnace has such advantages as saving on fuel raw materials, high environmental friendliness, not complex design.

Operating principle of the furnace

The gas cylinder exhaust stove operates on the principle of double combustion. For this purpose, the stove is equipped with two combustion chambers. In the first chamber, vapors are generated from the combustion of spent fuel. After this, the vapors are fed into the second chamber, where they mix with air and burn. During this process, heat is generated and the oven reaches very high temperatures.

In order for the exhaust furnace to work according to the scheme, it is necessary to provide air supply to both chambers. In the chamber where the waste burns, a regulator is installed that controls the amount of air.

The exhaust furnace has several types:

• with gas cylinder;
• supercharged;
• with drip fuel supply.

A stove with a gas cylinder can be made of metal. First, two combustion chambers are taken and boiled on top of each other. Legs are attached to the lower chamber. Previously, the chambers were connected by a pipe with holes. But it takes a long time for a welder to make such a structure, especially since it requires high welding skills. Therefore, later they developed an exhaust stove with a gas cylinder. The cylinder has a fairly thick surface, so it is fireproof and can be used long time. The service life of the cylinder is virtually unlimited.

When making a stove (no matter whether it is a stove with a cylinder or a pipe), there are several rules that must be followed:

1. The first chamber must be equipped with a control valve, which is responsible for controlling the air supply.
2. The chamber into which the oil enters during processing is made collapsible so that it can be cleaned.
3. There must be a chimney at least 4 meters high.
4. The location of the chimney should not have inclined or vertical sections, that is, the chimney pipe should be strictly vertical.

The balloon can also be used in different ways.

The simplest type of oven

Required materials and equipment:

• gas cylinder boo;
• chimney pipe;
• electrodes;
• metal sheet for dampers;
• drill with metal drills or hammer and nail;
• welding machine;
• Bulgarian.

Exist various options using a cylinder in the manufacture of a furnace for mining. The simplest one looks like this:

1. The upper and lower parts of the cylinder are cut off.
2. A collapsible chamber is made from the cut parts, where the waste oil is burned.
3. Metal legs are welded on the bottom.
4. A hole is made in the upper part and a pipe is inserted there. A plate is installed in this pipe. Air and fuel for operation will be supplied through this pipe.
5. A hole is also made in the center, to which the other end of the pipe is connected, connecting both chambers.
6. The pipe must be perforated, that is, equipped with holes for air supply.
7. The middle part will be needed to make another chamber; it is welded to the pipe.
8. Finally, the chimney pipe is installed.

Installing the stove will be easier if you make height-adjustable legs.

This is the easiest way to use a gas cylinder. There is another more complex stove design, but to make it you also need to follow the rules:

• fill the combustion chamber by a third so that the oil does not splash out during processing;
• if the waste boils, you need to reduce the air supply;
• it is necessary to clean the oil tank and chimney every week, otherwise the draft may worsen;
• soot and carbon deposits can be easily removed by tapping the top of the unit.

If the stove is used for heating, then it can easily be connected to heating system. To do this, a tank is installed on the stove, the upper part of which is connected to the heating system.

In addition, unlike pyrolysis furnaces and solid fuel furnaces, the exhaust furnace is fireproof, since the fire burns along with the vapors and cannot grow further.

How to light a stove?

Any used oil is used to light the furnace. To light it, you need to put paper in the chamber, pour in 1 liter of oil and light the paper. As the oil heats up, it will begin to boil, releasing thermal energy. When operating during combustion, you need to add oil to the chamber 5 liters at a time.

The cover, which is used to supply air and oil, must turn well on the bolts. The chimney is set strictly vertically to a height of 4 m. In the upper part the stove heats up the most, so over time the metal burns out in this part. To prevent the metal from quickly burning out, the furnace is blown with a fan during operation. The stove can be painted with paint based on liquid glass, ground chalk and aluminum powder. The paint is prepared in compliance with the following proportions:

• 0.5 l of silicate glue;
• 200 g aluminum powder;
• 20 g chalk.

The performance of the furnace when filling with used oil MG-10 is as follows:

• a minimum of 0.5 liters and a maximum of 2 liters of oil are consumed per hour;
• Efficiency – 75%.

When heating a room of 80 m², the temperature inside the stove remains at 18 – 220 ºC. Such a stove can be made from a fifty-liter gas cylinder. Oil supply occurs automatically, air also comes due to natural draft. The oven is made from a regular 50 liter gas cylinder.

If the stove is designed to be inflated, then the operating principle is slightly different. Heat is received by a circuit with antifreeze and a heating radiator. The fan supplies additional heat with the air. A circular pump installed in the circuit allows you to avoid tilting rules heating pipes. Expansion tank should be either with an open or slightly open neck. The power of such a stove is difficult to determine, but with its help it can easily heat a room of 150 m². In this case, little fuel is consumed (about a liter per hour). At an ambient temperature of 0 ºC, the stove heats up to 150 ºC. The temperature can be raised using the damper, but fuel consumption will also increase.

There are several safety precautions when installing the stove:

• Do not install the stove in places where there is a draft;
• cannot be installed in places where there are objects susceptible to fire;
• When installed, the stove should have a free space of half a meter around it.

The working stove is made of sheet or heat-resistant metal. The top part of such furnaces is the heater. The middle is a burner that replenishes the gas with oxygen, the lower part is an oil tank. The stove has holes in front side for filling fuel.

When ignited, the oil in the lower chamber begins to boil. The resulting vapors enter the burner. Here the gases mix with oxygen and burn completely. Residues from combustion exit through the chimney. The stove should only be placed on flat surface. Indoors, the stove may have a chimney at an angle, which increases heat transfer.

Manufacturing costs

Usually craftsmen assemble a stove from parts that can be easily found in any garage. Accordingly, the cost is very low. You just need to find or buy an old gas cylinder. The simplest oven, consisting of minimum quantity nodes can be assembled without exceeding the budget of 20 US dollars.

Considering the fact that fuel costs almost nothing, we can say with confidence that a device assembled by yourself will be one of the most economical among other heating equipment.

By design, the furnaces used for mining do not have any complex components. No regulating or monitoring devices are required for manufacturing.

This circumstance makes the stove durable and reliable at minimal cost.

If you want to make a stove yourself, just take a used gas, oxygen or carbon cylinder. The thickness of the walls of such a tank is quite suitable for creating a durable heating device capable of heating a room of up to 90 square meters. m. A structure made in this way can also be converted to connect to a water heating system.

Features of gas cylinder stoves

To maintain combustion in homemade heating device there is no need to create conditions under which air is supplied forcibly. At the same time, in order to prevent emergency situation and to ensure safe heating of the cylinder, the water circuit must be installed at the level of the height of the combustion source located inside the unit.

We make a stove from a cylinder with our own hands

Many home craftsmen can probably advise you on several ways to create an effective heating device from an empty cylinder. We will consider only one option.

Before starting the creative process, we recommend purchasing all the necessary tools and materials in advance. So, you will need:

Having prepared everything you need, we suggest proceeding directly to the process of creating a heating device:

That's all, the stove using waste oil from a cylinder is ready for use. When operating the unit, do not forget about fire safety rules.

Remember that unclean oil can cause an emergency. Do not use kerosene or add liquid fuel while the stove is operating. Only 2/3 of the tank should be filled with oil.

Waste is a cheap fuel that can be used to operate the furnace. Used motor, industrial and transmission oil is available in large quantities at motor transport enterprises and service stations. Instead of recycling, used oil can be reused, which will save a considerable amount of money. The heat transfer from waste oil is equivalent electric heater at 15 kW. Fuel consumption is 0.5-2 liters per hour. However, there are also some difficulties here. You will learn more about them, as well as how to make a furnace yourself during testing, from the article.

Pros and cons of using used oil

Recycling furnaces adopt the principle of direct heating of air, and as a result of this use of waste oil, garages, greenhouses, and workshops can be heated. It is best to use such stoves at car services, because there is no need to look for fuel. It is already at hand in large quantities.

Advantages

• There is no burning or soot when oil burns
• ease of operation
• fire safety (used oil itself does not burn, only its vapors burn)

Flaws Use of waste oil:

• used unrefined oil from technical services is not suitable for boilers because it contains many impurities, water, alcohols, etc.. The use of such unrefined oil will lead to clogging of the filter, injectors, and even may explode in the fuel heating unit. Therefore, used oil needs to be cleaned and filtered, which is impossible to do at home. Prepared, purified waste oil costs approximately 12 rubles per liter (diesel fuel costs from 28.4 rubles per liter).
• any car service center and state-owned motor transport enterprise are required to enter into contracts with companies involved in the disposal of used oil. That is, they pay money in order to get rid of it, then, accordingly, they will not just give out used oil left and right.
• used oil cannot be kept in the cold. It will freeze outside, so it is necessary to either store the oil in a heated room or bury the barrel to the freezing depth of the ground.

Types of furnaces in production

The most popular waste oil furnaces are pyrolysis furnaces and turbo burners. In pyrolysis furnaces, waste oil is heated when there is a lack of oxygen in the first chamber, where the oil decomposes. The decomposition products burn in the second chamber with a sufficient amount of oxygen, releasing a large amount of heat. The pyrolysis temperature can be changed by reducing or increasing the air supply to the pyrolysis chamber. The main disadvantage of such a furnace is the need for regular cleaning of fractions accumulating in the chamber, as well as the impossibility of automatically maintaining a certain temperature.

Turbo burners operate on the principle of diesel engines. The oil is sprayed into the chamber and the oil vapor begins to burn. The disadvantage of this type of oven is its high sensitivity to the quality of the oil, as well as the need to heat it before use.

Based on the type of design, waste furnaces are divided into furnaces made from a gas cylinder, designs with pressurization, and models with drip fuel supply.

Furnace using a gas cylinder

​ Materials and tools for making a stove

The easiest way to make a furnace is from used gas, oxygen or carbon balloon. The cylinders have good thickness walls, thanks to which such a stove will last for many years. A heating unit from one cylinder can heat a room up to 90 m2. This design can also be converted to water heating. A stove from a cylinder will not require forced air supply, and the oil will flow by gravity. To prevent the cylinder from heating up to fire-hazardous temperatures, it is necessary to set the height of the unit contour in accordance with the height of the combustion source inside the device. To make a furnace from a used cylinder it is necessary purchase:

• chimney pipes an internal diameter of at least 10 cm, a wall thickness of no more than 2 mm and a length of at least 4 m;
• fuel tank with a volume of 8−15 liters;
• burner pipes;
• welding machine and electrodes;
• Bulgarian;
• file;
• steel corners;
• drill and set of drills;
• level and roulette.

Manufacturing technology

Take a used 50 liter seamless cylinder up to 1.5 cm thick. If the walls are thicker, the bottle will not be sufficiently heated from the inside, and the oil vapor will not evaporate. The boiling point of oil is approximately 300 0 C, so the temperature in the chamber will be above 600 0 C. Then you need to get rid of unpleasant odor odorant (gas to detect leakage) in a gas cylinder. To do this, condensate is drained outside and washed several times with water. Then the balloon filled to the top with water, placed vertically in a special tray or buried to a stable position in the ground.

Bulgarian the top of the cylinder is cut off. After the first cut, water begins to flow into the pan or onto the ground. When the water has drained, you can continue cutting the top. Most of the bottom will serve as a chamber, and the cut top with a valve will become the oven lid.

We weld steel corners to the bottom of the cylinder using a welding machine. 20 cm “legs” for the stove. Then the balloon is placed on its “legs”. In the upper part of the sawn-off lower half of the cylinder, we retreat 10-15 cm from above and, using welding, cut a hole for the main exhaust pipe by pipe diameter.

As a hood you need to choose thin-walled chimney pipe with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a length of at least 4 m. We insert it into the hole made, hold it strictly vertically and weld it. You also need to make a small hole in the chimney pipe, covered with a plate. With its help you can regulate the air supply.

ATTENTION! The chimney must be straight and vertical. No tilts or angles! The length of the chimney pipe should not be less than 4 m.

We step back 10 cm from the welding site and do welding machine a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. After 5 mm up we make another hole. In the same way we make 10 similar holes, the last one should be at a height of 50 cm from the welding site.

In the same pipe, at a height of one meter from the floor, a hole is made for a new pipe with a diameter of 5-8 cm and a length of 2-4 m. The pipe is inserted parallel to the floor and is welded by welding.

A hole with a diameter of 5-8 cm is cut in the cut off upper part of the cylinder. Recycled oil will be poured into it.

ATTENTION! Under no circumstances should you pour unrefined oil into such a structure. It may contain water or alcohols, and if the temperature rises, an explosion and fire may occur. If all this happens in the garage, the consequences can be catastrophic!

In the upper removable part of the cylinder you can connect the “tray”, on which you can heat a mug of water or porridge. To do this, a square or rectangle is cut out of a steel sheet small size and welded to the lid. Or it can be installed on a pipe that is parallel to the floor.

Oven operation

Used oil is poured for 2/3 cylinder. Then you need to light a sheet of paper, place it on top of the oil and close the oven lid.

After a certain time, the temperature inside the oven will begin to rise, the oil will evaporate and spontaneous combustion of oil vapors.

ATTENTION! Do not add oil to a working oven. Also, gasoline and kerosene cannot be used as fuel.

After finishing work and cooling the oven, you need to empty it of its contents. Clean the upper removable part from accumulated soot by tapping the lid on the cylinder.

Materials and tools

Very popular among craftsmen among the people are designs of waste oil furnaces made made of steel sheets. This stove has compact dimensions (70/50/35 cm without chimney), weighs 27 kg, heating can be connected to it, it can be used in cold weather, and the upper part of the stove can be used for cooking. To make such a stove we will need:

• steel sheet 4 mm thick
• steel sheet 6 mm thick
• Bulgarian
• file
• welding machine and electrodes
• a pipe with an internal diameter of 10 cm, a length of at least 4 m and a wall thickness of 4-5 mm for the chimney
• steel corners 20 cm high 4 pieces as legs for the stove
• drawing
• level and tape measure
• hammer
• burner tubes made of steel, copper or painted sheet metal

Stages of manufacturing a furnace from steel sheets

First, let's print it out. drawing future furnace with details drawn on it.

Operation of the furnace during mining

If desired, you can give the stove an aesthetic appearance. For this we do special paint: Pour half a liter of liquid glass, 200 grams of aluminum powder and 20 grams of chalk into a liter jar. The jar is closed with a lid and shaken vigorously. With this mixture using a regular brush the stove is being painted. The resulting mixture can be used to paint three stoves, so the amount of ingredients can be halved.

To use the furnace during mining, you must comply with certain precautionary measures.

• do not put in a draft
• the stove cannot be placed near flammable objects
• there should be half a meter around the stove free space
• must not be allowed so that water gets into the oil, otherwise the boiling oil will begin to splash out through the holes in the pipe
• attentively check the chimney for leaks
• use as fuel only technical oil

The oven heats up to operating condition in 5 minutes. To do this you need to fill 2/3 fuel tank and add a little gasoline and solvent (20-30 grams) on top. On a long wire you need to make a burning wick and through the hole for pouring oil set fire to gasoline. It will help the oil warm up to the required temperature so that the vapors begin to evaporate and ignite. After this, a stable column of flame feeds on oxygen is formed in the pipe with holes. The intensity of the flame can be adjusted using a blower hole into which oil is poured.

ATTENTION! Do not leave the oven running unattended!

Video review of a waste oil furnace

A furnace in use for a garage has its own operating specifics. It should not only quickly and economically warm up the entire volume of the room, but also immediately burn out after turning off the fuel supply and cool quickly. In addition, insulated permanent garages are not yet very common, so the power of such a stove, as well as the heating efficiency, should be significantly higher than the standard of 1 kW per 10 m 2, by which energy costs are usually calculated.

The operating principle of the exhaust furnace is the splitting of liquid fuel, mixing of these vapors with air and combustion of the resulting mixture, that is, pyrolysis. This is a self-regulating and self-sustaining process, which requires starting ignition and bringing the firebox to a temperature of more than 4000 C o.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

• the simplicity of the scheme allows you to assemble a waste oil stove with your own hands;
• reliability and reliability of the design;
• non-volatile technology (although it is advisable to equip the most efficient models, the circuits of which we will consider later, with an electric fan);
• versatility of application. They can be used not only for heating garages, greenhouses and outbuildings, but also for cooking;
• efficiency - fuel consumption is, depending on the size of the furnace, from 0.5 to 2 l/hour.

Minuses:

• the main disadvantage is the rather high fire hazard of some models with an open combustion chamber;
• In complex models with drip fuel supply, it is not recommended to use contaminated waste. It is necessary to pre-filter the fuel or attach a filter to the oil pump pipe;
• It is mandatory to install a chimney system for removing exhaust gases, with a height of at least 4 m. In this case, horizontal sections of pipes should not be allowed along the entire length of the exhaust system;
• a systematic and fairly frequent cleaning stove pan, combustion chamber and chimney;
• During intensive operation, the stove makes quite a lot of noise.

Furnace under development: drawings and stages of creation (from a gas cylinder)

Before you make a furnace for mining with your own hands, you need to release all the gas and drain the condensate. To do this, open the valve and coat the outlet hole with soap foam. After the foam has stopped bubbling, carefully twist the valve; if it is non-removable, then drill a hole in the bottom. To prevent the drill from sparking, do not press the drill too hard, and periodically pour oil or water into the drilling area.

We carefully drain the gas condensate away from the house; it has a sharp and persistent unpleasant odor. We fill the cylinder with water to remove the explosive air-gas mixture. After washing, the workpiece is ready for cutting.

Two openings are cut. The width is one third of the diameter of the cylinder. The height of the first opening is 200 mm, the second is 400 mm. lintel width 50 mm.

This best option, which will allow you to turn the upper chamber (heat exchanger) into a combustion chamber when using solid fuel.

Chamber separation

From a steel sheet at least 4 mm thick, cut out a ring with a diameter of 295 mm (inner diameter of the cylinder). This will be the jumper between the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger. In the middle of the ring we cut out another hole with a diameter of 100 mm for the burner pipe.

Burner device

Pipe with a diameter of 100 mm with a wall thickness of 4 mm and a length of 200 mm (1). Holes with a diameter of 18-20 mm (2) are drilled in the lower part. All burrs on the inside of the pipe are carefully removed. If they are not removed, soot and soot settling on them will narrow the internal diameter of the burner.

The membrane separator is put on the pipe and welded exactly in the middle (3). Then it is installed inside the stove and welded to inside cylinder around the entire perimeter (4). It is advisable to weld a separator at the bottom of the partition; this will create a sufficient height of the side so that in the absence of waste oil it is possible to switch to solid fuel pellets.

Bowl evaporator

For it, you can take any metal container with sufficiently thick walls that will not be afraid of temperature deformations. In this case, it is a brake disc made of heat-resistant cast iron (1).

We weld the bottom (2) and the lid. Since the design is for a drip furnace to be used for development, we leave a sufficiently wide opening in the lid for supplying fuel (3). A pipe is welded on top of the lid, which will connect to the heating pipe through a coupling. larger diameter(4). This is done to make it easier to remove the bowl for cleaning. The coupling is made from a pipe of the same diameter of 100 mm, simply by cutting it lengthwise.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Fuel supply system

We insert a ½-inch water pipe (1) (with a reserve) into the hole at an angle (30 - 40 o), and weld it to the stove body. The location of drilling the hole does not play a special role, since the evaporator bowl is made mobile and can be turned with the receiving hole in any direction.

We lower the coupling onto the end of the pipe and mark the outreach distance (2), cut it with a grinder, forming a “spout” for more convenient formation of a stream of oil (3).

A regular water ball valve (4) is screwed to the tube, which will be used as an emergency backup to shut off the fuel supply in the event of failure of the valve on the waste tank.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Heat exchanger device

The air heat exchanger is a 100 mm pipe cut horizontally into the furnace body. For maximum concentration of the hot exhaust that comes from the burner, a reflective screen made of 4mm steel (1) is welded to the top of the pipe.

Air is forced through the heat exchanger and at high speed duct fan(2). In order to increase the efficiency of heating the air flow, a swirler (3) is inserted into the heat exchanger pipe. It consists of two angles welded together, 300 mm long, with a shelf width of 50 mm. thus, the swirler fits perfectly into the 100 pipe and does not require additional fastening (4).

Exhaust furnace with water circuit

How to make a waste furnace more efficient so that it can be used as an emergency heating source for the entire house. A connection to the water heating system will help with this.

There are two main methods. Coil piping - This is the simplest method in terms of labor costs and complexity of execution. The fashionable pipe simply wraps around the stove body and cuts into common system heating.

Another way is installation of a water jacket around the burner pipe . There are many types of such devices.

Compact models of waste oil furnaces

There are more simple models, which you can assemble with your own hands. A potbelly stove made from sheet iron is more compact and completely autonomous.

The operating principle is slightly different from the previous model. Oil is poured into container (2) and set on fire. During combustion, the temperature rises and only after 3-5 minutes the pyrolysis process begins. The main disadvantage of such a stove is the need to constantly monitor the combustion process. It is necessary to constantly add waste, in addition, this is a very fire-hazardous process. Although there is no need to filter the oil like furnaces with drip systems fuel supply, the quality of processing must be approached with full responsibility. If waste containing foreign fractions or water is added to a burning furnace, boiling and burning oil can splash out of the hopper and severely burn.

Operating cycle: ignition, stop, cleaning

To enter the operating mode, it is necessary that the combustion chamber warms up to a temperature of at least 4000 C o. To do this, a potbelly stove using waste oil is filled with fuel so that it just covers the bottom. Heating oil or kerosene is added from above, a rag or paper is soaked in oil, set on fire and thrown into the combustion chamber. The option of using gasoline-impregnated foam is allowed.

The furnace stops after complete combustion of the fuel. In the case of a system drip feed, simply shut off the fuel line tap.

It is imperative to periodically clean the combustion chamber, evaporator bowl and the outer surface of the heat exchanger. Adhered combustion products, soot, soot, and ash insulate the metal and reduce the efficiency of heat transfer.

Safety precautions

A mining furnace with an open combustion chamber is a source of increased fire danger. During the combustion process, it needs constant monitoring. There are a number of rules regulating the place where such a stove can be installed:

• the base on which the stove is installed must be non-flammable: concrete, ceramic tile, metal;
• Do not install the device in a draft, as fire may escape from an open mixer;
• Do not place flammable objects near an intensively operating heating device.

Fuel consumption and economic feasibility

A potbelly stove will be cost-effective only if you have access to fuel. It's not that difficult to get it. Many service stations, auto mechanic shops and car repair shops will happily get rid of waste material that they would otherwise have to dispose of. The cost in the Moscow region, according to data from the Internet, ranges from 6-10 rubles. per liter with pickup.

A do-it-yourself furnace can be made different ways. It is perfect for heating technical premises, such as workshops or garages. With a successful choice of model and its correct assembly, this heating device will not only become good heater, but will also help warm water for making tea, washing hands or other technical needs.

In these work areas there is not always space for storing firewood or other fuel, but used fuel and lubricants, such as transmission and motor oil, are usually found in excess.

Used oils are most often sent for recycling, so you can always get them for next to nothing, saving on electricity or buying firewood. The heat transfer from the burned waste can be considered equivalent to the heat from an electric heater, and fuel consumption ranges from half to two liters per hour.

This heating method has many advantages, but it also has its disadvantages. Information about them will help you figure out what to look for. Special attention during the manufacturing and operation of the furnace.

The advantages of waste oil furnaces include the following:

• Such stoves heat closed spaces well, so they are suitable not only for technical rooms, but also for heating small greenhouses and agricultural buildings where domestic animals and poultry are kept.
• A properly constructed stove does not smoke and does not produce large quantity burning.
• This type of heating device is very easy to use;
• Since the waste itself does not burn, but only its vapors burn, then bake can be called quite fireproof, subject to the rules of its operation.

The disadvantages of this heating method include:

• You cannot use waste containing foreign impurities in the furnace - it is explosive. At best, waste from burning such fuel will quickly clog the filter and injectors, so it should be filtered before use, but you can also purchase filtered oil.
• The chimney, as well as the stove itself, quite often require cleaning from combustion products;
• During its intense combustion, the stove hums quite loudly.

Types of furnaces operating in mining

Furnaces using waste oil can be made, or a pyrolysis unit or a furnace with turbo burners, since they work on the same principle of burning released fumes.

In this case, in vacuum chamber In the furnace, when there is a lack of oxygen, the waste heats up and decomposition occurs. During the decay process, vapors are released, which rise into another chamber, where oxygen is already intensively supplied. There the vapors burn, giving off quite a lot of heat.

The convenience of using this type of furnace is that the combustion intensity can be changed by increasing or decreasing the supply of oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber.

The disadvantage of using waste in such pyrolysis units is the rapid contamination of the chambers and chimney with combustion products. In addition, with this type of heating it is impossible to maintain the temperature automatically, so you need to keep the stove under constant control.

They independently manufacture similar devices that operate on waste raw materials, from gas or oxygen cylinders large or small, pipes of various diameters or metal sheets. The design of the mining unit can be with drip fuel system or with blowing.

Video: improved oil furnace

Exhaust furnace made from a gas cylinder

Oxygen or natural gas cylinders are great for making a stove using waste raw materials. They have the required form, and the thickness of the metal will allow you to use the device for a very long time.

A stove made from a cylinder standard size, will allow you to heat a room of 70 ÷ 85 square meters. m., and in addition, having slightly modified the design, it will be possible to use such a device for a water heating circuit. This type of stove does not require installation turbo burners for forced oxygen supply. The mining material flows into it by gravity.

In order to make such a stove, you must have the following materials:

• A 50-liter gas cylinder with walls no more than one and a half centimeters thick. If you take a container with thicker walls, the effect of rapid heating and timely evaporation of waste vapors disappears. The oil boils at 280 ÷ 300 degrees Celsius, while the temperature in the combustion chamber rises to 550-600 degrees.
• Metal sheets for making fuel containers
• Chimney pipes with a wall thickness of two to three millimeters, of a certain diameter.
• Pipes intended for the burner installation.
• Steel corners.

The tools you will need are a welding machine, a drill, angle grinder grinder machine, roulette, building level, another common metalworking tool.

Manufacturing process

The manufacturing process of the unit begins with the preparation of the gas cylinder itself. This must be done to get rid of residual gas and odorant odor.

• The accumulated condensate is drained from the cylinder, and the container is thoroughly washed with water in several stages. The entire process must be carried out outdoors.
• Next, the container is installed vertically and filled to the very top with water. For stability, the cylinder is buried halfway in the ground or installed in a narrow tray that has a lot of weight.
• Then marks are made for an even cut of the top of the cylinder.
• The upper part of the container is cut with a grinder, and, naturally, water begins to flow out of it. You need to wait until it drains down to the level of the cut, and then cut off the top completely.

The cut part will then become the lid of the fuel container, and the lower part of the cylinder will warm the room. Now the water from the cylinder can be completely drained.

• It is better to raise the cylinder from the floor, so legs from a steel corner must be welded to its lower part; they should be about 200 ÷ 250 mm high.
• Next, the cut cylinder is installed on the legs, and at a distance of 70 ÷ 100 mm from the top it is cut out by welding round hole for chimney. The hole should have the same diameter as the pipe prepared for this, about 400 mm long.

This pipe is installed and welded into the cut hole. The weld seam must be smooth and sealed.

• Then, to horizontal pipe a vertical section with a height of 3.5 is welded — 4 meters with a transition to the vertical using a bend. The chimney pipe is then led outside.
• A square hole is cut out at the bottom of the cylinder, which will serve as a blower. A door is installed on it, which will help regulate the amount of air supplied.
• The next step is to make a container for fuel, which will be installed at the bottom of the cylinder. It is usually made from a piece of pipe, 70 ÷ 100 mm high and 140 mm in diameter. This pipe is sealed tightly from below.
• The lid for the resulting container is cut from sheet of metal, and in it immediately two holes are cut on top:

- one in the center with a diameter of 100 — 110 mm - a pipe of the same size will be welded to it;

- the second is closer to the edge of the circle. Its diameter will be 50 ÷ 70 mm, a movable cover is attached to it. Through this hole, fuel will be added to the container and the air supply will be regulated.

• Then in a pipe with a height equal to the height of the cylinder and a diameter of 100 — 110 mm, one end is welded with a round metal blank, the diameter is equal to the size of the cylinder. The lower end of the pipe is welded into the fuel container. The result is a structure resembling a barbell.

• Five rows of seven holes measuring 10 mm are drilled. They should be distributed over 400 mm of the height of the lower part of the pipe of the resulting “rod”.
• Next, the resulting structure is installed inside the prepared cylinder. The top of the lid is welded to its walls.
• Now you can pour it into the lower container and test it - this process is best done outside. If it is successful, you can bring the stove indoors and take the chimney outside.

In the first diagram, the furnace elements during mining are located slightly differently, and installation her more complex, but the effect of using the unit will be the same.

Another version of the stove using a cylinder - with a water tank

Another version of the exhaust furnace, which can heat the room, heat the water, and when the circuit is connected, become well suited for use in greenhouses and incubators.

Video: Stove in operation with an additional water circuit

The work is carried out in the same sequence as during the manufacture of the first model, but with some deviations, since in this case, you need to make a sealed container for water. It is placed in the upper part of the cylinder, and a heated pipe will pass through it, according to the principle of a samovar, giving off heat to the water, which will flow into the heating system or to water collection points.

There are other models of units operating on spent fuel, manufactured using a gas cylinder. You can come up with your own design, knowing the operating principle of this furnace.

Exhaust furnace made of sheet metal

More common and a popular model of a testing unit is a design made of metal sheets. There is a completely logical explanation for this: firstly, it is compact, secondly, its weight is only 25-30 kg, and thirdly, the advantage is the presence of a peculiar hob, which will help not only warm water, but also allow you to prepare simple food.

It should be noted that there are several types of stoves, differing in appearance, but they work on the same principle.

In order to make these models of stoves, you need the same tools as for a unit from a cylinder, but the materials are slightly different:

- steel sheets having a thickness of four and six millimeters;

- segments steel pipe wall thickness 4 mm, diameter 352 mm - length 60 and 100 mm, and diameter 344 mm, length 115 mm.

— pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 4 ÷ 5 mm, a length of 500 mm.

— metal corner 30×30, length 800 ÷ 900 mm;

- steel strip 3 ÷ 4 mm thick.

Having prepared the materials and tools, you can proceed to the next stages of work.

The process of manufacturing parts and their installation

The first thing you need to do is draw up a drawing of the furnace design. You can develop it yourself, or you can use ready-made option, making your additions if necessary,

• For the container into which the waste will be poured, a piece of pipe (Ø 344) is cut using a grinder, in this case 115 mm high.

- For her bottom out metal sheet Using a welding machine, cut out a circle.

— The parts of the legs are cut from the corner.

— When everything for making the container is ready, you need to immediately assemble this element of the stove using electric welding.

• Next, you need to make one more part - this is a lid that will cover the waste oil container.

— For this purpose, a piece of pipe Ø 352 mm, height 60 mm is used. A lid is being prepared for it. To do this, a circle with the same diameter is cut out of a metal sheet.

- In the center of this metal cover, a hole with a diameter of 100 mm is marked and cut out - according to the diameter of the pipe that will be welded to it later.

— Closer to the edge you need to cut another round hole with a diameter of 60 mm. Through this neck the waste will be poured into the container and the furnace will be ignited.

— This hole is closed with a movable lid. It is also cut out of a metal sheet, installed on the surface of the lid, making it movable - turning on an axis. For ease of opening and closing, a small handle is welded onto the moving part. This lid will help regulate the flow of air inside the fuel container, and the intensity of combustion will depend on this.

The finished structure is tightly placed on a previously prepared container for processing. This unit is made dismountable to allow regular cleaning of the heating device.

• Next, a piece of pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 360 mm is cut. Six rows of holes are drilled in this pipe, eight in each, with a diameter of 10 mm. This pipe is welded into the finished lid of the lower container.
• The next step is to make the upper part of the stove.

It will require:

— A piece of pipe Ø 352 mm, height 100 mm;

— Two round blanks from a metal sheet of the same diameter;

— Metal plate for internal partition, 70 cm high and 330 mm long. This part is installed so that the heat is retained inside the stove for more long term without leaving immediately chimney pipe.

- In both round blanks Holes Ø 100 mm are cut into which pipes will be welded - into one of them is a pipe coming from below, with small holes, and into the other is a smoke exhaust pipe. The holes are cut eccentrically - their center is 110 mm from the center of the workpiece

— The top cover is welded to the pipe section - the body. Immediately after this, it is necessary to weld the partition - it is shifted as much as possible towards the chimney and is welded to the lid itself and to the walls of the cylinder.

— Now you can weld the bottom cover. Its hole should be located diametrically opposite to the hole on top cover.

— A chimney pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 130 mm is welded to the top cover.

— Then the assembled unit is welded to a vertical perforated pipe.

• The last step is the installation of a chimney pipe, and, if necessary, supports from a metal strip for or for the stove itself.
• All welded joints must be absolutely tight.

If it is not possible to find pipes large diameter, then the upper and bottom knot can be made box-shaped by welding them from a steel sheet 4 mm thick. Only the appearance of the stove will change slightly, but this will not affect the principle of its design and operation.

There are others. They may differ in their appearance, the location of heating surfaces, methods of fuel supply and the volume of containers for it, but the principle of operation of the units remains the same.

Safety measures when operating furnaces during mining

When using stoves that use waste as fuel, certain safety precautions must be observed, since their flame is quite open.

• The unit must be installed on a non-combustible surface. The walls around the stove should also be lined with heat-resistant material.
• You cannot install a heating device of this design in a draft, as it can spread the fire to flammable objects.
• It is strictly forbidden to place flammable objects near the stove.
• For the furnace it is necessary to use only waste oil purified from impurities.
• Do not add fuel during intense combustion.
• When the furnace is ignited, the container should be two-thirds filled with waste. A little solvent or gasoline is added on top of the oil so that combustion begins, the oil heats up and evaporation begins.
• Light the stove using a wick or paper rolled into a long tube, directing the fire into the hole for pouring fuel.

Video: operating instructions for an oil-based stove

Having skills in working with a welding machine and other necessary tools, if you wish and have the materials, making such a stove will not be difficult. If it is necessary to carry out work in the cold season in a garage or workshop, there will always be an opportunity to warm up near the fire. In the spring, when the weather is still unstable and the seedlings have already been planted in greenhouses, a stove using cheap fuel will help maintain the desired temperature in the room. This heating unit can also be used in other circumstances, when you need to quickly heat a technical or utility room. Therefore, if one is available, then it is simply necessary to have a similar heating device on the household.