Insulation of foundations prolongs their life for a long time, as it reduces the impact negative temperatures, and also - a waterproof insulation acts as a waterproofing. So it turns out that in some houses the floors are warm all winter without any heating, in others they are cold, despite a hefty layer of thermal insulation under them. Practice shows that the insulation of foundations helps to solve this issue. The temperature in the underground is much higher than the street, and the floors cool more slowly.
How were foundations insulated in the old days?
Not for nothing from the old days, when there was only one stove from the heating devices in the huts, they necessarily arranged a mound around the perimeter of the house. After all, even strip foundations from concrete were a rarity, mostly houses were erected on large stones, as on a columnar foundation. Since only sawdust and straw were available from the heaters, which did not last long outside the house, the underground around the perimeter was covered with sand, filled with medium-sized stones, etc.
Photo of a typical blockage - for warming the foundation and underground space
At the same time, the problem of protecting the foundation from frost and moisture was also solved, which means that the durability of the foundation increases.
Modern insulation of foundations
Technologies have stepped far forward, however, even now the insulation of foundations is in great demand. Moreover, the space inside the foundation is often used for technical and even residential premises. Often, a boiler room, sauna and other premises are located in ground floor. Cold uninsulated walls (they are the foundation of the house) in such rooms are unacceptable - condensation will constantly accumulate, fungus will form, etc.
Experts advise using foam insulation for insulation of foundations. The slabs are easily mounted on a finished foundation, do not absorb or conduct moisture, and are resistant to damage by bioorganisms. Environmentally friendly and durable material.
To the surface of the foundation of the insulation plate is attached adhesive compositions bitumen-based, solvent-free. In fact, glue will be needed only until the moment of backfilling with soil. Backfilling is carried out in layers, with compaction.
After the foundation is insulated with foam plastic, the concrete is not only thermally insulated, it is frozen soil in winter time, but also moisture-proof, because material does not pass water and moisture.
In a warm room in winter it is much more cozy and comfortable. Although wooden bars and logs have excellent thermal insulation properties, there are vulnerabilities that require additional thermal insulation.
Construction wooden houses has its specific features, one of which is the insulation of walls, floors and ceilings.
Why additionally insulate a wooden house?
The wood contains a large number of moisture that evaporates over time. At the same time, the geometric shape and dimensions of the logs that make up the house change.
Previously, moss was used to seal cracks between logs. With the advent of new insulating materials it became possible to do it in other ways.
What and how should be insulated in a wooden house?
In a wooden building additional insulation require:
- walls;
- ceiling.
The floor is insulated with a layer of heat-insulating material laid on top of wax paper or waterproof film used as waterproofing.
If the house has a basement, then the film or paper is spread on the ceiling of the basement. If the house is on the ground - the waterproofing is laid on the base slabs.
We warm the floor
The thicker the insulation layer, the less heat will leave the house through the floor. The wooden floor is laid on top of the insulation.
See details:
In addition, at present, the so-called system is becoming popular in wooden houses. warm floors:
If the house has an attic, then the ceiling is insulated in the same way as the floor is insulated. A layer is laid from the side of the attic hydraulic isolation on which the insulation is laid.
Attic floor insulation
See details:
Wall insulation wooden house produced by two methods:
- outside;
- from within.
At , the main change in temperature occurs in the facing layer. Wherein wooden structures are in more favorable conditions. The temperatures inside the house and on the outside of the log (in the presence of external insulation) differ little.
External insulation of a wooden house with polystyrene foam
External insulation is produced mainly by finishing a wooden house different materials- clapboard, brick, lining aerated concrete blocks etc. Between outer wall and lining is laid a layer of insulation.
When lining a wooden house with bricks, it is necessary to leave between wooden wall and a brick gap for ventilation. This will ensure the timely removal of excess moisture and protect the wood from premature aging.
Aerated concrete blocks can be laid without a ventilation gap. They have greater vapor permeability than wood, so excess moisture is quickly removed.
See more about the methods of external insulation:
When a wooden wall in winter is under the influence of large negative temperatures. This contributes to the occurrence of conditions that adversely affect the condition of the logs.
Insulation of the house from the inside with mineral wool
Excess moisture can accumulate between the insulation layer and the wall, which leads to faster aging of the wood.
- See more:.
The insulation method is the same: on wooden wall waterproofing and a layer of thermal insulation are applied. If the house is insulated from the inside, higher requirements must be imposed on the environmental friendliness of the insulation than with external thermal insulation.
Decorative finishing on top of the insulation can be done with boards.
Also, which seems not so obvious, sometimes it is not superfluous to insulate the roof and foundation. Cm.:
Useful video about keeping warm in a wooden house
If you want to keep warm in wooden house, the owner should decide what he wants to have as a result. Internal insulation saves appearance wooden house, stylized antique. External insulation gives the house a modern appearance and does not affect the beauty of the interior decoration.
Looking a little into the past, you can see that our ancestors were masters in insulating their homes. Now there are many companies that will make you individual heating of a private house or apartment, but what was the first experience of warming? At first, animal skins were used, and already in later times they began to use fabric and frescoes, which also served to decorate the walls. Soon wall coverings turned into a whole kind of art, and animal skins on the floor were replaced by soft and warm carpets, which later even insulated the walls.
Warming of houses in Rus'
Wood was the main building material in Rus'. Each owner always knew how much material and firewood was needed to heat a new house, because in ancient times they used a large Russian stove to heat rooms. Even during construction, our ancestors thought about thermal protection: they selected the thickness of logs, installed double window frames, insulated attic floor. Now many houses have supply ventilation, and in ancient times there were practically no problems with airing the room.
In winter, the house served not only the owners, but also became a haven for livestock. The stove did not let anyone freeze, and the heat of the animals was used as an additional source of heating. But, of course, it was a forced measure. The correct layout of the house also insulated the room, protecting it from cold northern winds. In the walls that were directed to the north, only in extreme cases made windows and doors. The stove was located near the coldest wall, so as not to let the hut cool down. The windows were facing south Sun rays longer fell into the house. These tricks helped our ancestors insulate their homes at no extra cost.
"I've heard about noble estates and stables, where they made warm floors and walls. Passed the channels from the furnaces, where he passed warm air. But this is the first time I've seen this.
I found this technology on the blog of Gleb Tyurin, the author is the owner of the house, Elena Bukovskaya.
Our family inherited a grandmother's house in the Voronezh region. 10 years ago, at the family council, they decided not to leave the house, to the best of their ability to put it in order.
At the house - an allotment of land, 50 acres of Voronezh black soil, a vegetable garden, a garden, mowing.
The house has never regretted the decision and the garden never ceases to delight and amaze us and our friends who come from Moscow “just to sleep and catch their breath, remember the taste of “potatoes and apples”.
The orchard, thanks to deep pruning in 2008, survived the drought of 2009, 2010, 2011, and last summer even old apple trees, trunks with a diameter of 50 cm, all in hollows that were “silent” for 10 years, gave an excellent harvest. Jam from Antonovka, cooked in cast iron on pear coals, has no equal!
And our house allows us to make many discoveries.
The house of grandparents is made up of oak logs, walls with external and inside smeared with clay and straw, sheathed with iron on the outside (galvanized troughs were brought from the Urals, dismantled and covered the walls and roofs - believe me, such a “siding” stood for 60 years!
The house is an environmentally friendly thermos that keeps warm in winter and wonderfully cool on hot days.
An example of a wonderful old technology may be weaving.
In August, the floors were re-laid in the house, and a sample of energy-saving technologies of the early 19th century was revealed to us - at a distance of 1 meter from the rubble along the perimeter of the entire room, a wattle fence 50-60 cm high was laid out, smeared with clay from the outside, with an open corner facing the Russian stove - we told what such "reflectors" did to "drive" the heat from the stove under the floor and keep it there - why not a kind of underfloor heating? Without single nail, only natural materials- clay, sand, straw, vine - and hands!
The Russian stove stands in the corner, far from the windows, on an adobe foundation. The perimeter of the fence opens near the stove by about 1.5 meters, just at the level of the foundation. With constant use of the furnace, the foundation gradually warmed up and gave off heat. Under the floor between the wall and the wattle fence, everything is indeed covered with earth, and inside the wattle fence an air cushion is left - an empty space between the floor boards and the ground, where the warm air from the foundation "flowed". We learned this from the stories of the old-timers. We are restoring the Russian stove, the floor has already been laid, we will be happy to inform you how the technology will be tested.
We need to re-learn how to live in respect for nature, then she will not remain in debt ... "
