How to make a homemade press. DIY hydraulic press. Homemade equipment: drawings, diagrams. What is a waste paper press

Do you need abs? No problem, you can do it yourself! I bring to your attention just such instructions. It will allow you to make an excellent electro-hydraulic press, and if you want, it can be simply hydraulic.

The device works on the basis, the device is driven by a small motor similar to the old one washing machine. All spare parts are inexpensive, and in the end we get a very cool and useful car!

Materials and tools used

List of materials:
- ;
- an old grinder (you need a gearbox from it);
- steel pipes(square);
- corner;
- channel;
- steel plates and other scrap metal;
- engine from washing machine(or similar);
- powerful spring;
- bolts with nuts;
- cable and switch (keyboard);
- dye.

List of tools:
- drilling machine and drill;
- grinder, preferably a band cutting machine;
- vice;
- hammers, pliers, wrenches, etc.;
- ;
- ruler;
- marker;
- clamps.

Press manufacturing process:

Step one. We make a frame
Conventionally, the entire assembly process can be divided into only two parts, this is the manufacture of the frame, as well as the installation of the jack and engine.
Let's start in order, how the frame is made.

The frame consists of two guides, square steel pipes are used as them. They need to be thoroughly cleaned of rust so that nothing gets stuck. The author drills rows of holes in the drains. Thanks to these holes, a thrust platform will be installed; it rests on bolts with a large cross-section. If desired, you can always raise or lower the platform.

Now we begin to manufacture the “square pipes” to which the “elevator”, that is, the pressure platform, is attached and on which it rides. To make these parts, we take cardboard and wrap it around the guides. Next, take a corner, cut off the necessary pieces and press them on top with clamps. We weld the resulting structure, then carefully knock it down. Thanks to the cardboard, we will get a gap between the stand and the pipe. Cut the manufactured part into two parts, thoroughly weld the seams and clean them with a grinder.

Racks can be installed! We use a corner or pipes as a base and weld a good stop so that the installation does not wobble. We also weld a piece of pipe on top, or better yet a channel, since high loads are formed here. The author also decided to plug the holes in the pipes; he cut out steel plates for this and welded them.

Step two. We attach the “elevator”
The author makes the “elevator,” that is, the pressing platform, from a massive channel. The material must be strong and withstand loads of several tons. We weld it well in the right places.

The thrust platform must also be very strong; the author makes it from two channels. We cut two pieces, and then drill holes in them and tighten them using threaded rods and nuts. Massive bolts and nuts are used as support for the platform.

Step three. Place for installing a jack
The jack is installed on the machine in the classic form, that is, “head up”. To prevent the stop from coming off, you will need a piece round pipe suitable diameter. We cut it, try it on, weld it to the upper support.

As for the base, here you can weld several steel plates as a stop so that the jack, God forbid, does not jump off under load.

Almost everything is ready, we already have a press, which is driven by human muscular power. As a working tool, the author welds a “finger” under the heads, now you can always install the desired attachment.

A powerful spring must be installed between the upper support and the “lift”; it allows you to return the machine to its original state after turning it off. I think you can guess how this is done. It is advisable to use two springs, one on each side.

Step four. Preparing the gearbox
The author uses spare parts from an old grinder as a gearbox. We disassemble the angle grinder and pull out the anchor. From the anchor you need to cut off the bow part, which is inserted into the gearbox. A nut is attached to this axle; the author puts it on an already manufactured press, having previously adjusted the thickness of the axle to drilling machine. To be sure, the nut can be secured to the axle by welding.

Step five. Engine Mounting Plate
The engine housing is usually made of aluminum, which is not very good, because nothing can be welded to it. We take a steel plate, drill holes, and attach it to the engine using bolts.

Step six. Installing the gearbox on the engine
Using steel plates, install the gearbox on the engine. Now, after switching on, the torque from the motor shaft will go to the gearbox!

You need to install a crank on the gearbox axis; it is done very simply. You will need a strong steel plate as well as a nut. We weld one to the other and install it on the axle. To transmit movement, you will also need a bolt with a nut and two bearings.

Step seven. Working pedal
You need to install a pedal on the jack that will receive movement from the crank. Here you will need a square pipe. Cut out a “window” inside it; two bearings will be installed here. We secure the pedal with a bolt and nut and do not forget about the washers.
Now you can connect the gear crank to the pedal!

Step eight. Connecting the engine to the jack
The engine needs to be secured to a jack; to do this, we make a special bracket from the corners, which clamps the jack when tightening the nuts. Weld the engine with the gearbox to this bracket using square pipes and connect the transmission unit (crank). Order! Apply power and see how the electrical works hydraulic jack!

For some operations home handyman a press with significant compression force may be required, but the purchase of equipment of this class will be completely unjustified. Today we will tell you how to assemble a reliable press based on a hydraulic car jack in a few hours.

What and how to assemble a frame for the press?

The material for the frame, its structural strength and the method of assembly should be determined by the pressure that the jack is capable of delivering. For accurate calculations, it is important to understand in which direction the loads act during operation.

The base of the press is a rectangular U-shaped frame made of a channel or a paired steel angle. The main acting force is the resistance to compression, expressed in concentrated load. The main force is concentrated in the centers of the horizontal crossbars. The forces that stretch the vertical racks of the press and the phenomena of deformation in compressed parts can be completely neglected.

1 - upper thrust beam; 2 - bolts; 3 - jack 20 t; 4 — return springs; 5 - movable beam; 6 — locking pin; 7 - adjustable support beam; 8 - transverse beam; 9 - legs from corners

For installation with a compressive force of up to 5 tons, you can safely use:

Channel according to GOST 8240-89, standard size 8P.
A pair of hot-rolled angles according to GOST 8509-93, size 50x5 mm, connected with 10 mm rods every 20-25 cm, or with a solid weld.

Let us immediately make a reservation that we provide approximate data on rolled metal for a frame with an internal window no wider than 100 cm. By analogy, when using a jack with a force of up to 10 tons, the frame should be made from:

Channel size 10P.
Twin angle steel 63x7 mm, solid seam connection with internal inserts of nominal cross-section.

If the required compression force reaches 15 tons or higher, then the frame should be made of:

Channel size 14P.
Twin angle 75x8 mm, connection similar to the previous one.

The above proposal for rolled metal products implies a tenfold safety margin, which completely eliminates exceeding the limit of elastic deformation and is normal for installations of this kind. All frame joints must be welded with solid double-sided seams and butt cut. If the connection is not made by welding, assembly with bolts or cotter pins is allowed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible load for cutting

With a bolted connection, the main load becomes dispersed and the compression force of the press must be divided by the number of bolts or pins. The destructive shear force of bolts made of the most common steel ST-3 is:

M10 - about 2500-3000 kg.
M12 - 4000-4500 kg.
M14 - 5500-6000 kg.

To ensure the required safety margin, each fastening element must experience a load five times less than the destructive load. For steel fingers, the force can be taken 10-15% higher than the specified values. If the required number of fasteners cannot be placed in a corner unit, you should increase the strength with gussets, for which it is preferable to use corner steel instead of sheet steel. The same applies to the welded frame structure, which also helps to avoid the use of excessively massive rolled steel.

In addition to the loaded upper part, the frame includes two racks with legs that provide the press with sufficient stability, and cross beam, which can be adjustable when processing parts different sizes. The cross-section of the upper and lower beams must be equivalent, as well as the cross-section of their fastening elements. Everyone is free to implement the legs and support according to their own considerations; they do not experience work loads in addition to the own weight of the press. The only requirement is the presence of a bottom crossbar, which gives the structure additional rigidity.

Which jack to use and how to modify it

The most affordable and suitable for manufacturing home press There will be a glass type hydraulic car jack. As mentioned above, you have the right to choose the working force to suit your tasks; there are relatively inexpensive devices on sale that can squeeze up to 20 tons or even more.

The main problem with using these jacks is their inability to work in an upside-down position. It seems most logical to mount the jack permanently on the upper beam and use the lower one as a support for the part. However, this will require modification of the hydraulic mechanism.

The first option for modifying the jack is to install an additional expansion tank capacity about 300 ml. The tank is connected to the filler hole of the jack with a regular silicone tube. To ensure a tight fit, you can use threaded fittings for the oxygen hose, which are available in any auto parts store.

Another modification option will require disassembling the jack. It is necessary to completely drain the oil and pump the plunger, then tighten the upper clamping nut, holding it in a vice. After that rubber mallet If the outer glass becomes loose, it should come out of the seat ring at the base of the jack. Immediately next to the plunger lever there is a hole for collecting the working fluid. The whole problem lies here: the glass is not completely filled and therefore, when upside down, the hole does not come into contact with the oil. To eliminate this, you need to tightly press a tube into it, almost the entire height of the glass.

If you do not redo the jack, you will have to implement a more complex mechanism with an additional third beam. It should slide along the side guide posts and have a tight enough fit so that the jack does not move when pressure is pumped up. In our case, the jack is simply attached in an inverted position to the center of the upper beam. There is no need for massive bolts here; it is enough to make a couple of holes in the jack’s support plate and ensure fixation with M10 or M8 bolts that can withstand the weight of the jack itself and a slight shear force on initial stage compression.

Manufacturing of clamping pads

The jack rod is not very convenient to use; it usually requires an increased area of compressing headstocks to use a wide range of molds and work with large parts. In this case, the force must be distributed evenly over the entire area of the compressed surfaces, without causing deformation.

In the simplest case, short, solid ingots can act as clamping blocks. It is enough to simply make blind holes with threads for fixing them to the main structure of the press. But this kind of detail is not always available to the average person, so we offer an option self-made headstocks that can withstand significant compression forces without harm.

The top headstock must be able to be integrally fastened with the jack rod, which prevents shifting during operation. Simply put, a blind hole should be made in the headstock into which the heel of the jack will fit with minimal clearance. You will also need a pair of holes for attaching the return mechanism springs.

Both headstocks can be made from two sections of channel or four pieces of angle, forming a parallelepiped with open side edges. Seams on the planes through which the axis of the main working force passes should be welded with a continuous seam from the inside, the rest - from the outside. One of the faces is blanked with a square insert, after which the internal cavity is filled with sand concrete grade 500. After hardening, the headstock is welded on the other side, so two incompressible blocks are obtained.

To fit it on the jack, it is enough to weld a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter in the upper part of the headstock, which will act as a casing for the glass. For even greater reliability, a washer with a hole for the heel of the rod is attached to the bottom of the sleeve. The headstock can simply be placed on an adjustable beam, but it is better to weld a couple of corners or steel rods to limit the shift.

Adjustable support beam

As you already know, the lower beam must have a cross-section no smaller than that of the upper one, but it differs in design. The support table is made of two channels, with the ribs facing outwards, which are placed on opposite sides of the racks and welded in the central part with inserts from angle or thick reinforcement. There is free space along the center of the beam, which explains the need to make a lower support block. The latter should rest on at least half the width of each shelf; the shear stops are welded in the center of the lower part.

The best option for fixing the beam to the racks is with the help of massive steel pins. To do this, a series of round notches at different heights with a parallel arrangement should be made in the vertical channels of the frame. As you understand, the diameter of the pins cannot be less than the total cross-section of all the bolts used to fasten the upper part of the frame.

Return mechanism

The last part of the structure homemade press- a spring mechanism that will fold the jack when the bypass valve is open. For this purpose, ordinary springs for finishing doors are suitable, which can be purchased in unlimited quantities at any hardware store.

The task is complicated when using an upper headstock, the significant dead weight of which will not allow the springs to compress. Alternatively, you can increase the number of springs to four or six, or use more powerful extension springs for the gate.

If there is no upper block, it is necessary to secure the springs to the jack rod. To do this, you will need a washer, the internal hole of which is larger than the rod adjusting screw, but smaller than the diameter of the piston. The spring is attached to it through two small holes along the edges and fixed to the top beam in the same way or on welded hooks. It is not necessary to position the spring strictly vertically; you can compensate for the excess length with an inclined position.

Plant waste such as agricultural waste, leaves and sawdust is an excellent fuel. However, if you want to use all this in conjunction with a conventional boiler, then you should first prepare pressed briquettes. If the fuel does not have a certain shape, then it will need to be added every 5 minutes, and most of will fall through

Buy or make

A briquette press can be purchased at a relevant equipment store, but such a device is quite expensive. In addition, such an acquisition will only be profitable if you plan to organize permanent production. If you own a country house or private housing within the city, then you can build such a device yourself.

The purchase of factory equipment for forming briquettes will cost from 300 thousand to 1 million rubles, the price will depend on the power of the unit. A private consumer who only occasionally needs to use such equipment will not be able to afford it. It is much easier to make a press from scrap materials, especially since there is nothing complicated in this design.

Some craftsmen use ready-made mechanisms, while others assemble the device from scratch. If you decide to use the latter solution, then the briquette press can be made from a lever and a screw mechanism. You can use your own weight on the lever. This design is made of wood, but for a screw solution you will need lathe and steel blanks. You can make a screw extruder yourself, but such an undertaking is expensive, because the work requires the use of special high-quality steel.

Using a ready-made mechanism

A briquette press can also be made on the basis of a ready-made mechanism. To do this, you can use a jack. The master will only have to supplement this unit with a matrix and a punch. Any homemade device for pressing sawdust is not able to ensure the release of lignin. Instead, you will have to add third-party binders. Suitable for this:

cheap wallpaper glue;
soggy paper;
clay.

Clay should be added in a volume of 1 part to 10 parts of sawdust. If we are talking about soaked paper, then corrugated cardboard, which contains lignin, is used for this.

Work methodology

If you decide to make a briquette press based on a screw and lever mechanism, know that there is no need to use purchased units. However, they will not have a high compression force. That is why the press can be created on the basis of a hydraulic jack, equipped with electric motor or manual drive.

A punch is attached to the hydraulic installation, the dimensions of which must correspond to the dimensions of the matrix; it is in it that the briquettes will be formed. The matrix can be made from a thick-walled pipe, which will be the most simple option. In order to allow moisture and air to escape, holes must be made in the walls of the pipe. The matrix must have a removable bottom. If you remove it, the finished briquette can be pushed into the tray with a punch. The finished mechanism should be supplemented with two handles, which will ensure ease of transportation.

Preparation of materials

You can make a briquette press with your own hands from a steel sheet and a corner. The corner must be equal-angle with a side of 100 mm. The steel sheet must have a thickness of 3 to 6 mm, from which a punch must be cut. The diameter of the matrix determines the thickness of the workpiece. From this sheet it is necessary to make a removable bottom.

Preparing the main components

You can make a briquette press with your own hands from pipes and galvanized steel. The pipe should have a diameter ranging from 25 to 30 mm, cut out the punch rod from it. The blank for the matrix must be made of a thick-walled pipe, the diameter of which will depend on the size of the briquettes.

If the briquettes turn out to be thin, their density will increase, but the productivity of the machine, on the contrary, will decrease. A pipe of impressive diameter is suitable for the mixer body, and if one is not found, then it can be made from a sheet of iron. When making a press, two trays should be made, one of which will be used for receiving finished products, while the other is for loading prepared material.

Assembly instructions

The channels will go to the base of the device, while 4 racks should be made from the corner, the length of each of which will be 1.5 m. They are installed and fastened vertically, the distance between them should be the same. At the next stage, a drum, which is necessary for mixing, should be made from a sheet of iron or a finished pipe.

If you have a broken washing machine, you can borrow the drum from it. This element is fixed to the racks. If necessary, it can be supplemented with an electric motor. If the motor turns out to be too high-speed, you need to use a gearbox, because sometimes it is not possible to reduce the rotation speed to the desired value due to the difference in the diameters of the pulleys.

And we continue to collect press for fuel briquettes with your own hands. At the next stage, a tray is fixed under the drum, through which the material will flow into the matrix. Holes with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm must be made in the walls of the pipe used as a blank for the matrix. They are distributed as evenly as possible. The matrix should be secured to the flange to which the removable bottom is fixed. It should be made of steel sheet, giving the appearance of a disk with eyes.

When making a press for briquettes from sawdust, it is necessary to follow the technology. Having familiarized yourself with it, you can understand that the matrix should be strengthened under the loading tray to the base, and this can be done using mechanical fasteners or welding machine. A round punch should be cut from a steel sheet, the diameter of which will allow the element to fit into the matrix. To make the rod, you will need a 30 mm pipe, to one side of which a punch is welded, while the other end is attached to the hydraulic unit.

Features of manufacturing a screw press

You can also make a screw press for making fuel briquettes with your own hands, but the work will be more complicated. Using such a mechanism, it will be possible to provide an extrusion method for producing briquettes, which is often considered using the example of a home meat grinder or juicer.

To operate such equipment, the raw material will need to be placed in a receiving hopper, from which it will be moved by a screw into a tapering conical channel. At this stage, compression occurs and the screw press will develop a very high force. As a result, it will be possible to get real firewood from sawdust, which will look like a hexagon. During the process, they undergo heat treatment and are cut with a special knife.

In order to better understand the structure of such a mechanism, you should look at the drawing presented in the article. Even if you use a hydraulic jack in a homemade press, you will not be able to create a force greater than 300 bar. Therefore, factory technology that does not use water should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that briquettes cannot be obtained without binding components. As practice shows, a screw press for sawdust briquettes is the most difficult to make with your own hands. The reasons are banal. Making parts yourself is not so easy, and production costs will be high. For the housing it is necessary to use high quality steel, and an electric drive is also useful. This design requires a motor with a minimum power of 7 kW. Next, it’s a small matter: you just have to put everything together using the drawing.

Conclusion

A press for briquettes from a butter churn is made using the same technology as described above, when the design is based on a drum from a washing machine. In this case, the only difference will be that a spring with a disk of the same diameter as the punch should be welded to the bottom of the matrix. This will improve the efficiency of the equipment, because removing briquettes will take less time.

In the large range of technological operations that an actively practicing home craftsman has to perform in his workshop, there will definitely be a place for work related to the pressing of various parts and materials.

A jack press is necessary for removing or installing automobile bearings, pressing out/pressing in various bushings or crankshafts, as well as compressing metal parts.

To close" this problem once and for all, you can, of course, buy a press made by some well-known manufacturer. But you can also ask, for example, how to make a press from a jack. After all, well-functioning specialized equipment assembled industrially is not always affordable for the average buyer. In addition, it cannot always suit the master with its parameters or dimensions, which owners of relatively small workshops have to especially take into account.

Nevertheless, it is necessary to solve problems related, for example, to the removal or installation of automobile bearings, pressing out/pressing in various bushings or crankshafts, compressing all kinds of metal parts, or bending fittings (pipes). A way out of this situation could be skillful hands and the idea of making a press out of a jack.

Features of a hydraulic jack, its pros and cons

The choice of a hydraulic jack as the basis for installing a power press is not accidental. Main feature of this device which makes it the core homemade installation for various compression operations, is the direct use of fundamental physical laws in it. In accordance with these laws, liquid, unlike gas, does not compress or decrease in volume under pressure.

Thanks to this property, the jacks adequately, without loss of power, act on the object being processed with the force that the operator transmits to the specified lifts. Moreover, the pressure force that the jack exerts on the material through the stops far exceeds the force applied by a person, which makes this device very useful in many technical fields.

In particular, hydraulic jacks show a very high coefficient useful action- up to 80%. This allows you to count on excellent load capacity, and in the case of a homemade press, significant compression force. This impressive effect is ensured by the large gear ratio between the cross sections of the cylinder and the jack pump plunger.

With all these advantages, this lifting device also has its disadvantages, which must be taken into account when you undertake to make a press from a jack. The most significant of them is that it is impossible to accurately adjust the height of the rod in the jack. In our case, when it is used not for lifting a load, but for putting pressure on the workpiece being processed, this leads to the fact that each time after such an impact the pressure in the chamber has to be released to zero, in order to then repeat the entire stroke of the rod until the working contact of the stop with pressed blank.

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Which jack is best for press equipment?

Based on the fairly simple internal layout and shape of the body, of all types of hydraulic lifts, the most suitable for assembling a homemade press is a single-rod bottle jack.

Unlike mechanical (lever, crank, screw, eccentric) presses, devices for power compression based on a hydraulic bottle jack have significantly more power.

The single rod bottle jack can lift weights from 2 to 100 tons.

According to calculations, such jacks, depending on their design, are capable of lifting weight (providing force) in a wide range from 2 to 100 tons, which is very important when used as a power unit of a press.

It is also necessary to note the comparative (in relation to other types of jacks) compactness of the bottle version. Accordingly, this factor contributes to the design of generally quite small presses that are convenient for operation in the limited space of a home workshop or private garage.

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Materials and tools for the manufacture of hydraulic devices

To successfully assemble this device, you should prepare following materials and tools:

hydraulic bottle jack (in a small private workshop or garage, it is usually enough to have a device with a force of up to 10 tons);
welding machine;
set of electrodes;
hacksaw for metal;
corner Grinder(grinder) with a disk for cutting metal;
channel (from No. 8 and above) up to 4 m long;
profiled thick-walled pipe of rectangular (square) cross-section;
metal corner 50x50 mm;
steel strip (thickness - at least 10 mm);
a piece of pipe of suitable diameter for the head of the jack rod (length - 10-15 mm);
metal plate 25x10 cm (thickness - 9-10 mm);
2 springs for retracting the stop (from car seats, door, etc.).

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How to assemble a hydraulic press yourself

When starting to assemble this device, you should keep in mind that it is important not only the presence good jack, but also the production of a reliable support platform for it. After all, during work, the “frame” will be pressed with the same force as the object being processed. Therefore, the platform itself must be very strong, with a large margin of this strength, otherwise the entire structure may fall apart.

This quality is ensured by the use of thick metal profiles (channels) with the maximum possible number of stiffeners in the manufacture of the platform. You can take steel profile square or rectangular configuration. It is necessary to prepare 4 profiles of suitable length.

Then the profiles are welded to each other side walls with careful welding of the seams at the top and bottom. This will give the base of the press additional rigidity.

Let's move on to production vertical racks and bottom stop. For all these structural elements, a profiled pipe is used. The height of the racks is calculated as the sum of the maximum output of the rod, the height of the bottle jack body and the thickness of the removable stop. At the same time, the length of the lower stop must be equal to the length of the support platform.

The platform, both stands and the lower stop of the future press are welded into one rectangular frame. It is necessary to take measures to ensure that its structure is assembled strictly at right angles. For this purpose, you can use metal corners. Additional strength of the entire structure will be given by metal plates welded with both ends diagonally to the support platform and side posts.

At the next stage, we make a removable stop, which will move vertically using guides and create pressure on the workpiece being processed. To make it, you will need several strips of steel with a length slightly less than the distance between the posts and a thickness of at least 10 mm. All strips must be welded to each other on both sides.

Since objects of different shapes will have to be processed on a hydraulic press, this stop must be freely removable. For this, as well as to fix the stop while it moves along the vertical posts, two through holes. In addition, two steel plates are prepared 100 mm longer than the length of the resulting block itself. Two holes are drilled in these plates, which must be coaxial with the holes made in the block.

To install a removable stop on the press frame, steel plates are attached to the block with bolts and nuts with washers of suitable sizes. These plates result in correct installation should be located on both sides of the posts, limiting the free lateral movement of the removable stop.

To make a removable stop, you can also take a piece of the same thick-walled rectangular (square) pipe that was used to assemble the press frame. The length of this segment is chosen slightly less than the distance between the posts. To it, in the same way as described above, two guide steel plates are attached to the sides using bolts and nuts.

On the lower plane of the support platform, strictly in the center of its length, a piece of pipe 10-15 mm long is welded. Its diameter should be such that the upper end of the jack rod can be inserted into it without much effort. In the future, this piece of pipe will play the role of a position lock of the power unit.

After this, at an equal distance from the specified fragment of the retaining pipe, springs are attached in an arbitrary manner between the support platform and the removable stop. Stretching when the rod extends, when the pressure is released, they will return the stop block to its original upper position.

On final stage When installing the power device, the jack itself is installed. To do this you need to use additional accessories pull out the adjustable stop. The jack is inserted between the platform and the stop so that the end of the rod in the retracted position is inserted into the lock.

Next, the base of the jack is bolted or welded to the movable stop. Moreover, the first option is preferable, since it allows the master, if necessary, to remove the lift from a homemade press and use it for another purpose.

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How to make a press with additional settings?

Sometimes when operating a hydraulic press there is a need to slightly reduce the free stroke length of the jack rod. To achieve this, it is recommended to reduce the distance between the removable stop that moves from top to bottom along the side posts and the lower stop.

For this purpose, an additional - transitional - metallic profile square or rectangular section. Often the same thick-walled profile is used to make it as is used to make the racks and bottom stop.

Hydraulic Press assembled from available scrap metal and a car jack.

Its length is determined by the distance between the side posts of the press. A fragment of a rectangular profile is attached to the frame in any way; it can be either permanent (welded by welding) or replaceable (attached with screws or bolts).

Another adjustment method involves creating an additional movable lower stop. To install it, holes are drilled in the side posts of the frame at the height required by the master exactly opposite each other. A movable stop, the length of which should be slightly less than the distance between the posts, is attached to them using bolts and nuts.

In addition, the use of interchangeable pads or anvils of different sizes and configurations will help to make a press with a reduced distance between the stops. Used individually or in combination, the described methods will significantly reduce the period of supply of the movable stop to the workpiece and thereby speed up the start of the compression process and reduce the total time for completing the work task.

From time to time, in almost every garage there is a need to carry out various works, requiring the use of pressing methods. To implement this kind of task, a special device has been created - a hydraulic press. If you really want to, you can assemble a simple garage press with your own hands without any problems.

The unit in question allows you to process a variety of products and materials using pressure. A special fluid is responsible for the operation of the mechanism. In the system under consideration, it is under increased pressure.

The design consists of two main cylinders, also called chambers. In a smaller container, the pressure of the liquid increases and it is transferred to a working container of an increased size.

The cylinders are connected to each other using a special channel or pipeline. In a large compartment, the liquid (usually a special oil) exerts a force on a special piston. From there, the force is transferred to the installed executive tool and then to the workpiece.

As a rule, the working cylinder is installed in a vertical position. In some situations, it is installed in a horizontal position.

The press can develop forces up to several thousand tons. The specific value is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the workpieces being processed and the tasks being performed.

Presses are widely used in pipe processing, pressing of various products, production various kinds pressed blanks made of rubber, wood chips, plastic, etc.

Options for using a homemade press

In the garage, such a press will be an excellent assistant for self-repair machine and performing other tasks. For example, by building a homemade press, you can press out the bearing yourself, and then press a new product in its place. That is, you don’t have to go to a car service and spend money.

The press will allow you to straighten and securely glue various parts under pressure, squeeze out liquid, bend metal product, compress old bottles, cardboard, cans and other similar materials.

Ready-made, factory-produced pressing equipment costs quite a lot of money. If you assemble it yourself, you will have to spend money exclusively on the necessary components. Additional benefit self-assembly The advantage is that you will personally control the process at every stage and will be able to get a unit that will be best suited to your needs.

Design features of a homemade press

For a private garage, a press with a capacity of up to 10-15 tons is enough. For the rest, focus on your own needs.

Pressure in a large container is usually created using a built-in or separate pump. The easiest option to implement is a press assembled on the basis of a bottle jack with a hand pump provided.

Think about what kind of work you will do using a homemade press, and determine the required force of the unit. Only after this, go to the store to buy a jack and select it in accordance with the previously determined force value.

Before assembling the press, you need to select a suitable drawing of the mechanism, but it is better to make it yourself. From ready-made solutions A drawing of any press designed and assembled based on available rolled metal and simple hydraulic equipment will suit you.

The disadvantage of ready-made drawings is that they will not always meet your specific needs. As a result, you can spend a lot of time adjusting the design to the parameters of the purchased jack.

There are 2 main options for assembling a garage press, namely:

the jack is placed on the base of the frame and applies upward pressure;
The jack is fixed closer to the top of the bed, and pressure is applied downwards.

Before you begin assembling the press, be sure to check the correct working position for your jack. If the manufacturer said that the jack rod should extend upward, then this is exactly how it should be - the tool cannot be turned over.

Most often, structures are assembled that involve installing a jack on the base of the frame. The second option is more highly specialized and is used mainly in professional locksmith workshops.

Preparing the press project

One of the most important elements of the design under consideration is the bed. It represents a frame. A jack is placed inside such a frame. The frame must have sufficient strength to withstand the force created by the jack with some margin. A reserve is needed for the reason that during operation the press will exert pressure immediately down and up, and without a reserve the structure may simply burst.

The base of the bed is best made in the form of a platform. Select the width of the platform opening in accordance with the size of the materials that you plan to further process on your press. Under any circumstances, the opening must have larger size than the total dimensions of all elements of the equipment being placed.

To determine the appropriate height, you need to add the following parameters together:

jack dimensions;
the magnitude of the working stroke of the main tool rod;
thickness of the mobile table;
height of the workpieces being pressed.

In this case, the jack is installed on the base of the frame, and the function of support for the workpieces will be taken over by the upper part of the frame. The transmission of force from the jacking rod to the workpiece is carried out via a mobile work table. This table itself is installed on a frame. A jack is placed between the frame and the table.

The table is installed in such a way that it can move freely along the frame in the upward and downward directions, supported by side guides.

Springs of sufficient rigidity are placed on the sides of the hydraulic jack. One eye of each spring is attached to the base of the support frame, the second - to the mobile table. The installed springs will compress the hydraulic jack to the starting position with the rod hidden. Select the dimensions of the springs and their stiffness in accordance with the characteristics of the jack.

The stroke of the jacking rod, and with it the height of the parts being pressed, can be adjusted in several ways:

installing a screw drive at the top of the frame. This element must be equipped with a steering wheel. During operation of the press, it will be possible to screw in a screw, which will reduce the size of the clearance for workpieces inside the frame;
creating a removable, movable mobile table. If necessary, it can be attached to the frame using rods or bolts. First, you need to make holes in the frame, the pitch of which in height should be slightly less than the stroke of the jacking rod;
using replaceable pads. For the manufacture of these elements, a hollow or solid steel profile is well suited;
using the methods described above in combination.

All significant dimensions must be included in the drawing. In this case, the dimensions must take into account the dimensions of the jack, the products being processed, as well as the rolled metal that will be used to assemble the hydraulic press.

What to assemble the press from?

You do not need any special tools to assemble the press. The only difficulties for a beginner may arise when using a welding machine. Beginners are recommended to train on inverter-type units - they are the easiest to learn. If desired welding work can be entrusted to a qualified technician.

Tools for assembling a homemade press

Welding apparatus and electrodes.
Grinder with a metal disc. If you don’t have a grinder, you can use a hacksaw, but it will take longer and more difficult to cut.
Electric drill.
Screwdriver.
Level.
Yardstick.

The main power unit of the installation in question is a hydraulic jack. The need to use tension springs was previously mentioned. You can take door springs, springs from the front seats of the car and any others that meet the specified requirements.

If you fix the jack in the lower position, you can use a special bridge fungus to install the pulling device - it is simply put on the rod, after which the springs are attached to the base of the frame and directly to the fungus. The bridge mushroom should have shifted splines.

Select the dimensions and required volume of rolled metal in accordance with your drawing of the hydraulic press.

Rolled metal for assembling a homemade press

Press Assembly Guide

During the process of assembling a garage press, refer to your drawings at each stage. In general, the sequence of work is quite simple. You just need to follow the suggested recommendations step by step.

First step

Cut the metal into parts of appropriate sizes, guided by the drawing. If the drawing calls for holes in any structural elements, drill them using an electric drill.

Second step

Weld the base from sections of square or rectangular pipe. Weld the joining seams at the bottom and top. Attach a steel plate on top. Use welding for fastening. Using welding, make a structure in the shape of the letter “P”. The angles of this design must be strictly 90 degrees. Weld the structure to the base and you will have a finished frame.

Third stage

Make a mobile work desk. Use a pipe or channel for this. The length of the pipe must be cut so that it is slightly less than the gap between the frame posts. Weld to the main pipe a small piece of pipe that you previously prepared for the rod of your jack.

The guides of the mobile table are made from pieces of steel strip. The width of the guides should be equal to the width of the frame. Place the pipe into the space between the frame posts, place the steel strips on the sides and securely tighten the structure with bolts and nuts. Make a replacement adjusting stop using the same pattern. The only difference is that you need to make holes opposite the racks to secure them at the required height.