Submersible pump - indispensable assistant in any country house. The device is required to raise water from a well, well or reservoir located next to a personal plot. So that readers can correctly select a product for a specific source of water intake, for each type of equipment, the article provides a diagram of a submersible pump, describes the device and the principle of its operation.
To prevent backflow, the inlet can be fitted with check valve. The suction port of the pump is designed to prevent large particles from entering the pump. The casing is secured with four hidden clips under a composite gasket on top of the pump casing. The gasket prevents dirt from sticking to the clamps.
Most of the components are made of stainless steel. Available in both automatic and manual versions. Single-phase versions are equipped with a built-in thermal switch. The operation of the pump is very simple and it external dimensions make it even more convenient for use in boreholes with a diameter of 100 mm. After cooling electrical circuit turns on again. This protects the coil from burning. The pump is not suitable for continuous operation, for pumping chemical products, food products, salt water and water containing solid particles.
Submersible pump classification
Submersible pumps for domestic use can be divided into:
- according to the purpose of the equipment;
- according to how the device works.
Separation of devices by purpose
Application submersible pumps quite extensive. Depending on the area of \u200b\u200buse, the following types of pumps are distinguished:
The pump is designed as a submersible. It works on the principle of an electromagnet. The stator coil pulls the anchor at the frequency of the supply voltage and moves the working rubber piston into motion. Therefore, the pump vibrates. All moving parts are stored in silent blocks. The pump housing is made of aluminum alloys, movable rubber part. If this is not done, the pump coil is harmful. It can be disabled by a self-acting thermal fuse. As soon as the fuse is reached, the pump will turn on again.
This ensures that you never drain the liquid so that it cools down. Already at the factory, the pump has been designed for single use with minimal production costs. The design of the pump has many advantages, which, fortunately, have not allowed this type of pump to fall into oblivion. On the contrary, in Russia this little pump was greatly appreciated and given the still-used name Malysh. Malysh means little boy in Russian, which is very descriptive of the technical parameters of this pump - light weight and small size.
- borehole or deep. The equipment is capable of lifting water from great depths. The only condition is that water should not contain various impurities that can damage the internal mechanism;
- wells. The equipment is characterized by lower productivity and pressure. Can work in water containing fine particles of sand, silt or lime;
Compared to the army, it has been structurally improved and has become highly desirable among the people. Vibratory pumps are, in principle, very simple, but due to the functional principle, they are very demanding for the production technology and used building materials. But the market is also flooded with very cheap vibratory pumps that seem to look the same and have the same parameters as proven and high quality products, but their technological and material processing has literally given up.
The quality, reliability and durability of such pumps are often insufficient. Often these products are virtually irreparable and designed to last the required warranty period. So always keep a close eye on what you expect from this pump and make your choice.
- . Are intended for work in the polluted water. Can be used for a well, reservoir or pumping fluid from the basement. The device of a submersible drainage pump allows particles with a diameter of 10 to 70 mm to pass through;
Strong and durable materials are also used - stainless steel, aluminum, copper - and emphasis on reliability and safety. Pumps must meet all necessary requirements safety and additionally protected by safety thermal fuses to prolong their service life and prevent their destruction.
The refrigeration circuit of a heat pump usually consists of four parts: an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve. refrigerant in heat pump removes heat in water, air or ground, then heats up the evaporator and the vapors are collected and compressed in the compressor under high pressure. This will increase the temperature of the steam.
- fecal. They are used to pump out waste that accumulates in collection wells and other containers in which waste water is collected. The equipment is equipped with a grinder capable of processing toilet paper and other hygiene products.
Places and methods of using a submersible pump
From the compressor, the compressed and heated refrigerant moves to the condenser. During condensation, the refrigerant delivers heat through a heat exchanger to air or water for the heating system at a lower temperature than the heat was removed in the evaporator. The expansion valve then reduces the pressure of the coolant to its original value and cools. This principle is constantly repeated.
The source of low-grade thermal energy for heat pumps can be. Natural renewable energy sources - water, air, earth, stones - industrial sources - wastewater and other liquids, hot wastewater from mine workings. These heat exchangers use external heat as a heat source and transfer heat to a hot air system or water in a heating system. However, the outdoor temperature is highly dependent on weather conditions. environment and season - with the outside temperature, its performance is greatly reduced, and operating costs are rising.
All types of pumps are made of high-strength materials that can work in water for a long period of time.
Separation of pumps according to the principle of operation
According to the principle of pumps, there is a division of devices into the following types:
- vibration;
- centrifugal;
- vortex;
- screw.
The device and principle of operation of submersible pumps
Vibratory pumps
The main elements of the submersible vibration pump are:
Connection and service of a borehole pump
Therefore, this type of pump is more suitable for areas where the temperature is not significantly below zero in winter. It can be a separate outdoor and indoor unit that is connected or the entire device is on outdoors. Another option is to install the indoor unit inside the building, but this requires a suction and exhaust pipe with an outside outlet. In this case, however, it is necessary to take into account the large space requirements and choose a type with more low level noise.
Pros: very easy access to the heat source, installation does not require environmental interventions. Cons: noise level with fan. If the earth is a heat source, it is about 1 m deep and a ground collector is laid in 1 m increments, that is plastic pipe with antifreeze. Conspiracy: large demands on land size, land degradation in terms of future development, the impact of vegetation by cooling the soil.
- power unit, inside which is an electric magnet;
- a vibrator or the second part of an electromagnet that drives the driving piston;
- a chamber for collecting water connected to the outlet pipe;
- suction chamber. The compartment where water from the source first enters;
- a shock absorber necessary to ensure a smooth running of the working piston;
On sale there are devices that are not equipped with shock absorbers. However, they quickly fail, as sudden movements of the piston lead to mechanical damage.
Applications and price
Pros: stable thermal conditions of the source, low area. Fees: higher implementation costs. Restrictions: Restrictions on areas with sufficient surface water, risk of water pollution, possible negative impact on lake life.
If groundwater is the source of heat, a year-round source is necessary. The water must be of the correct composition to avoid clogging the heat exchanger. Spilled water is discharged into a watercourse or into a well. Its removal is regulated by the decision of the local water authority.
- washers affecting performance submersible device. By increasing or decreasing the number of washers, you can independently change the pump power;
- rod or base for piston movement;
- check valve. The device is installed in order to prevent the backflow of fluid from the pump. Due to the check valve, it is possible to increase the nominal productivity of the equipment;
- nut necessary to fix the piston on the rod;
- piston, which is the main working element of the pump;
- channels designed to transfer water from the collection chamber to the plumbing system.
Varieties and principle of operation
Struggle: the need for a strong and stable water source, the outdoor requires regular maintenance, error prone. Pros: stable source of heat throughout the year. Conversions: high drilling costs. It is used for pumping clean and slightly polluted water without mechanical impurities. It is suitable for water supply in huts, cottages, gardens for watering, car washing, etc. The main advantages of the pump are low power consumption. Easy to operate, light weight, easy to carry and easy to install.
The operation of a submersible vibration type pump occurs due to the movement of the piston. When electrical power is applied, an electromagnetic field is created in the power unit, and the vibrator is attracted, giving the piston movement. At this time, a discharged pressure is created in the intake and suction chambers, and the free space is filled with water through check valves. Similarly, the liquid passes through the channels and enters the pipeline.
The submersible pump is not suitable for continuous operation. The pump is also not intended for pumping chemicals, foodstuffs, salt water and water containing solid particles. Description of submersible vibration pump and its function. The pump is designed as a submersible and works on the principle of an electromagnet. Therefore the pump works vibratingly and therefore all moving parts are kept in silent blocks.
The body of the submersible pump is made of aluminum alloys, the movable rubber part. This means that after 2 hours of continuous operation, the submersible pump must be switched off within 20 minutes. In this way, the coil is protected from burning and the pump does not shorten its service life.
In a second, several piston movements occur, which causes the pressure of water in the pipeline.
Centrifugal pumps
The centrifugal submersible pump consists of the following elements:
- the impeller is the main element of the equipment;
- impeller blades that create centrifugal force to suck water;
- housing protecting the impeller from mechanical damage;
- a suction area through which liquid is forced;
- a pressure pipeline that transfers water from the pump to the plumbing system;
- check valve that prevents water from escaping from the pump to the source;
- a protective mesh necessary to protect the working part of the pump from impurities that adversely affect the operation of the device.
Switching the submersible pump on and off. Put the pump into operation by inserting the movable inlet plug into electrical outlet and disconnecting it by removing it. In any case, do not hang the pump by the power cord! To hang, attach the hanging cord behind the hole in the top fold. The cord is also equipped with a silage thread.
In this way, you completely omit the wiring and disconnection step, just turn the faucet and the water will flow! Internal hydraulic structures work on the principle of falling and overpressure. When the pressure drops, the pressure switch turns on the pump, and vice versa, when it is pressurized, it turns off the pump.
Operation of submersible centrifugal pumps equipped with a protective grid is also possible in slightly polluted water.
The principle of operation of a submersible pump with this design is quite simple. Due to the supply of electricity, the impeller begins to rotate. A centrifugal force is created along the perimeter of the blades, which forces water to move from the suction pipe to the pressure pipe connected to the house's water supply system.
Full 2 year and 3 year warranty free service. The scope of use of this pump is very wide, it can be used to supply water to cottages, cottages, garden irrigation and the like. Nevertheless, high performance and compact dimensions can be used in boreholes up to 104 mm in diameter!
Since the bottom suction pump is not recommended, it is not recommended to install it near the bottom. It may happen that the pump carries thicker dirt from the floor and damages it. Despite its resistance, we do not recommend a submersible vibratory pump for the continuous operation of fountains, waterfalls, artificial streams, etc. The pump is not intended for pumping food, salt water, chemicals or other liquids containing solid particles.
You can learn more about the design and principle of operation of a centrifugal pump from the video clip.
vortex pumps
Now let's look at how a vortex-type submersible pump works. The device and the principle of operation of the equipment is similar centrifugal pump. The differences are in the following aspects:
This has been achieved through long-term development and the quality of the materials used. The principle of a submersible pump is very simple. It works on the principle of an electromagnet so that the stator coil pulls the anchor and the piston moves. Very simple and effective solution delivers high power at low power.
After cooling down, it turns on again. This mechanism prevents the pump motor from burning. To do this, use the hanging cord supplied with the pump or a special cord. This prevents damage to the pump. Vibratory garden pump that can be swallowed even in drilled holes with a diameter of 110 mm. Length power cable is 10m, the maximum displacement is 50m, and the power consumption is 300W. The pump is designed exclusively for pumping clean household water. This means that the suction holes are at the top of the pump.
- the impeller of the vortex pump is solid, and the centrifugal force that creates the vortex flow is formed as a result of the movement of the stiffeners;
- water entering through the check valve accumulates in the cells and it is from them that it is transferred to the pressure pipeline.
This minimizes the risk of dirt getting in from the bottom. At the same time, however, the pump must function normally with at least 50 cm of water above the pump. Therefore, the pump is not suitable for pumping water from tanks, because it cannot drain water down. The reason for the improper use of water to be pumped from surface tanks is more high level noise, which is determined by the principle of the pump on which the injection is based, that is, vibration. Therefore, this pump is suitable for pumping water from deep wells and wells for irrigation, etc. the pump is designed for pumping only clean water.
Peripheral pumps, by virtue of their design, are capable of delivering more pressure liquids at low energy costs.
Screw pumps
Screw pumps (they are also called screw pumps) work by rotating the working screw located inside the fixed housing.
The performance of the pump is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the screw.
Any type of submersible pump can be controlled manually or by means of automatic system which is installed additionally. Any pump can be equipped with a float that prevents dry operation, which is unacceptable when using submersible devices.
To avoid voltage fluctuations electrical network that can disable equipment, stabilizers are used. To improve the design of the submersible pump and maximize its service life, a hydraulic accumulator is built into the house's water supply system.
- The device of submersible pumps
- Classification
- Selection criteria
- Performance selection
- Required pressure
- Water quality
To provide water suburban area or a private home, submersible pumps are well suited. Submersible pumps are designed for pumping water and can be completely or partially submerged in water. Depending on their modifications, the characteristics of submersible pumps can be different, and their immersion depth can reach 300-350 mm.
The device of submersible pumps
The main advantage of submersible pumps is that they can be submerged to great depths. But this makes it difficult Maintenance similar devices.
All deep (submersible) type pumps have a very durable and sealed housing, which protects all its mechanisms from material rusting. There are two main types of execution of such units:
- Centrifugal execution.
- vibration performance.
The essence of the work of any vibration pump is to pump water into the water supply system by vibration. Such units are not recommended to be installed on a sandy bottom or very close to it, since the vibrations caused by the pump will propagate to the walls and bottom of the well, which will cause sand suspension to rise. As a result, the supplied water will be very dirty and cloudy, even various filtration plants will not save.
Centrifugal pumps produce water injection using a special vane mechanism. This mechanism will create a centrifugal force, which by its action will throw water to the walls of the unit. Reflected from the walls, the water will be directed into the chamber, in which increased pressure is created. The resulting pressure will push the liquid into the plumbing. The higher the supply pressure, the greater the pump flow.
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Classification
The type of performance and design of submersible equipment affect the scope of its application. There are currently several various types such pumps:
- Well.
- Downhole.
- Fecal.
- Drainage.
The well (water) type of pressure equipment is used to supply clean water. In order for the liquid to not contain bottom sediments, various algae and mud, it must be installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the bottom surface of the nearest reservoir. This type of pump is very well suited for individual water supply systems. Well-type pressure equipment has an intake hole at the bottom of the structure, due to which it is able to perform its functions even with a slight immersion.
The drainage type of pumps is designed for pumping dirty liquid. Such equipment is not afraid of various debris, sandy suspensions and algae. With it, you can water the garden plot even from the nearest puddle. Such a pump will help well in pumping water from the basement, cellar, pool, etc.
Borehole pumps are used in deep liquid intake. Their design is such that it allows pumping water, which will contain various impurities (sand, limestone, etc.). The peculiarity of their design is the use of an elongated shape with a small diameter. Such devices have greater performance and liquid supply to a great height, so they can be used even at a great distance from home. But downhole submersible pumps have a rather high cost relative to their counterparts of a different type.
Fecal apparatus is used for pumping sewers. Their design has a form that allows you to overtake very large particles. In order to protect the mechanism, they are equipped with special cutting nozzles. Such pumps can be used even when it is not possible to use conventional flow-through sewage. And the method of their manufacture allows them to stay in aggressive environments for a long time and perform work without removing the pump from there.
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Selection criteria
Different types of pumps will have different specifications. The selection of submersible units must be carried out, starting from the individual needs of their performance and feed force. To make the right choice, you need to analyze all the needs.
The most important parameters of deep-well pumps are productivity and the maximum height to which water is supplied. The performance of the device will reflect the volume of water that it can pump per unit of time. And the feed parameter is responsible for the height or distance to which water can move. These indicators should be fundamental when choosing a model.
The pump is mounted by immersing it into the well on a steel cable, which must be securely fastened to the lug on its body. The fluid will be supplied through a hose or special pipe. The pipe is better to use from metal-plastic. Pipes made of such material have a strong body, which, if necessary, can be easily bent. Installation of various stop valves it is also easy to make. For this, conventional threaded connections are used.
The pipe will be much stronger and more durable than the hose, but there will always be difficulties with the installation and dismantling of the apparatus. After all, the pipes will have to be removed along with the pump itself, and for this they must be disassembled. If the depth of the well is large, then it will be very difficult to do this.
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Performance selection
The performance of a pump is the volume (amount) of liquid that it is able to pump per unit of set time (hour, minute, second). Typically, the description of this parameter in technical documents is displayed in cubic liters per hour.
In order to carry out an approximate calculation of the minimum required performance parameter, you must first determine the number of faucets and toilets that will be in the house. Each such device will consume an average of 600-700 liters per hour. For example, for a building that will have 2 bathrooms, a kitchen and a watered household plot, you need 2-2.5 cubic liters per hour. This number must be increased by 15-20%, which will ensure the safety margin of the equipment and extend the duration of its operation.
When determining this parameter, it must be remembered that it must be less than the well flow rate. The flow rate must be indicated in the passport, which is attached to the well. This is due to the nature of the work electric pumps, whose main enemy is idling. If the device works, and there is no liquid in the system, the pump will quickly fail. Also, the pumped liquid will simultaneously perform the function of cooling the instrument systems. It will help prevent it from overheating.
Of course, now there are appliances that are equipped with an automatic shutdown system when there is idling. But these pumps are more expensive. In order not to suffer with the choice, you can buy a regular pump, and install the automation later. This can be done even separately from the pump, for example, in a boiler room.
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Required pressure
In the technical documentation of deep-seated instruments, the parameter of the liquid rise height is often indicated. Such technical parameter very often can mislead potential buyers. This is due to the fact that not everyone can understand what pressure the device creates at the outlet. To determine such a parameter, you can use the formula for calculating it H (column) \u003d ls + 0.2 × L + 30, where:
- H (column) - the height of the water column, which is indicated in the technical data sheet of the unit;
- ls is the length of the rope on which the pump is submerged;
- L is the total length of the hose (pipe) from the well to the beginning of the house.
Having calculated this parameter, it is necessary to make a technological margin. It should be 15-20% of the received number. This margin will provide the best performance of the unit and will allow not to use the peak power of the electric motor, which will extend its service life.
When choosing a deep water pumping unit, it is necessary to pay attention to its dimensions. Its diameter should be less than the diameter of the pipe with which the well is operated, by about 15 mm.
In order for the water to be supplied to the house clean, suitable for washing and drinking, filtration systems are installed.
This will allow you to easily and conveniently carry out installation and dismantling work.
The diameter of the pump is usually indicated in inches, and the diameter of the internal pipes is indicated in millimeters. This nuance must also be taken into account when choosing. The bulk of downhole tools that are used in well work generally have a body diameter of about 3.5-4 inches (approximately 80-100 mm). Therefore, the diameter of the production pipes must be at least 90-110 mm.
