The construction of a country sewerage system is not an easy process that requires compliance with a number of rules and regulations. The planning and construction of a cesspool, pipelines are important activities that must be taken with all responsibility.
Sewerage in the country with their own hands
Perhaps, not every suburban society has a centralized sewage system. Therefore, site owners have to independently choose the type of facility for the removal, treatment and accumulation of wastewater. To date, there are several ways to create an individual sewerage system:
- with the use of storage capacity;
- installation of a cesspool;
- the use of septic tanks of various modifications;
- small-scale treatment facilities.
Each of these types has its own characteristics. The cesspool is the best known and most popular type of wastewater storage. The creation of such a structure is based on a hole dug in the ground, which is subsequently sealed and strengthened. The storage tank performs the same functions as the pit, but a sealed plastic or metal product where wastewater is collected.
A septic tank is a connected system of tanks, each of which performs a certain stage of wastewater treatment. The local treatment plant is the same septic tank, but with the use of special automation, which can only work in the presence of electricity.
Location of objects
Each of these sewer systems has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The structure of the sewage disposal system must be carried out in accordance with certain standards for the location of treatment and storage facilities, and also comply with the sewerage scheme of the summer cottage.
To the legal postulates of construction autonomous sewerage in a country house or in a residential private sector, where there are water wells and wells, include following rules object locations:
- The structure in which wastewater is processed or collected must be at least 5 m away from the residential building.
- The distance from the house to the filtration well (when choosing a septic tank as a wastewater accumulation and treatment system) is recommended to choose at least 7-8 m.
- The septic tank or cesspool must be 4 m away from the boundaries of the site with neighbors, at least 1 m from front side site.
- If the surface of the country cut has a slope, then the sewage collection device must always be built below the source of drinking water. The distance from the well to the septic tank may be different depending on the terrain, but they should not be located closer than 5 m from each other (with a significant slope of the site from the well). Most often, the well is removed from the cesspool by 10-15 m.
Depending on the region and location of the cottage, many parameters can be changed.
Wiring in a country house
Usually country house includes 2 objects sewer outlet- This is a toilet with a bathroom and a kitchen. start construction internal system water drainage follows from the layout of all nodes, each of which has its own recommended pipe diameter for connection. For sinks, showers, bathrooms and sinks, plastic (gray) pipes with a diameter of 30-50 mm are most often used, and 100 mm for sewerage to the toilet. When connecting all of the above items, siphons are often used, which prevent the appearance of an unpleasant odor and its entry into the room.
You need to carefully consider the wiring diagram.
When laying pipes in a house, the entire system should be designed in such a way that the toilet is the first node (not counting the kitchen) from the cesspool. Effluent from the sink, tub or shower should help flush out the solids. This requires an appropriate slope of the pipes to the connection point of the toilet. In the internal wiring of the sewer, experts recommend observing a slope of 5-10 mm per 1 m.
It should be remembered that when arranging the internal and external sewage disposal system, it is necessary to control the presence of rubber gaskets in pipes and in all connecting elements, on which the density of connection of all parts of the system depends. To improve docking, many specialists use silicone sealant, it is applied both to the rubber ring and to the edge of the docking pipe.
Arrangement of external sewerage
Having organized the wastewater system in the house, it is worth starting construction outdoor sewerage. To do this, use a special reinforced plastic pipe (orange) with a diameter of 100 mm or more. The choice of pipe diameter depends on the water consumption of the residents country house per day.
As mentioned above, the distance from the house to the cesspool or septic tank should not be less than 5-10 m, therefore, the length of the pipe must correspond to this parameter. The drainage system must be laid with an inclination so that the wastewater can independently drain into the storage facility. Usually when installing outdoor sewer pipe a slope of 2 cm per 1 m is maintained.
The pipe must be laid in a trench, which is dug to the depth of soil freezing, respectively, for different regions this setting will vary. The slope of the excavated channel must correspond to the slope of the pipe so that on one side it enters cesspool, and on the other hand, into a bushing, which should always be installed under the foundation of the building. It will protect the drainage system from damage in the event of a subsidence of the foundation.
Exposing an external sewer outlet should be carried out on soft soils. For these purposes, the pipe is most often laid and covered with sand on top, which is subsequently compacted.
In cold regions of the country, before installing the drainage system, it is insulated. For these purposes, there is a special sleeve made from polypropylene materials, the diameter of which must correspond to the pipe.
Creating a cesspool
After distributing the external sewer pipe system, you can begin to create a cesspool. This is the simplest option for organizing the accumulation of wastewater, which has been successfully used for many years. For a long service life of the pit, its walls should be laid out with bricks or blocks, and concrete rings of various sizes are used for the construction of this structure.
When creating a structure, each owner must take care of the access of vehicles, since the pit requires periodic cleaning, which can be done using a sewer truck.
Therefore, when building a storage tank, it is worth choosing a place so that the machine has enough pipe length, with which the tank is cleaned.
Cesspools exist in 2 types: with a bottom and without it. The construction of the first type is built with a concrete floor, the second - without it. In the second case, a natural cover serves as a flooring, through which the liquid fraction of wastewater is absorbed into the soil. Such a structure requires more rare cleaning, but when silting, the volume of the pit gradually decreases.
The construction of a cesspool can be divided into the following stages:
- digging the pit itself;
- pipe supply to the tank;
- wall mounting ( brickwork or concreting).
- creation of a bottom structure ( concrete screed or rubble);
- installing a cover or creating a slab;
- installation of an inspection hatch and backfilling with earth.
This facility for the accumulation of sewage is an effective option when the consumption of water by the residents of the house is not more than 1 m3 per day.
Creation of a cleaning station
If the cottage is permanent place residence of a large family, then such a storage tank as a cesspool will not cope with the amount of wastewater, or it will need to be pumped out frequently. For the current situation the best option there will be a creation of a bio-cleaning station - a septic tank.
You can build a septic tank yourself or buy a ready-made one of the required volume. A factory septic tank is an expensive pleasure, but with correct installation and creating a filtration field, it will last for many years. The filtration field is an indispensable element of this wastewater treatment system. It is a set of connected pipes with holes for irrigating the soil through which water purified from the septic tank enters.
You can build a septic tank on your own from brick or concrete rings. It is a collection of cesspools (separated by a partition), which are interconnected (connected by a pipe). The design can consist of two or three chambers. The cleaning process takes place due to the formation of a sediment of solid fractions of wastewater in each of the subsequent chambers. These tanks require cleaning, but rarely enough.
It is generally accepted that such a treatment plant should contain a three-day volume of wastewater from the house. If we take into account that 150-250 liters of water per person per day, then for a family of 4-5 people it will be enough to build a septic tank with a total volume of 3-3.5 m3.
When carrying out the construction of a country sewerage system, one should adhere to all the above recommendations and comply with the construction standards established for the region. Do not neglect checking the slope of the pipes and the quality sealing of the septic tank or cesspool. Listening to the information given in the article, each owner will be able to independently organize a sewage disposal system at his dacha.
In contact with
Suburban areas today are equipped with the latest technology. As one of important factors, which primarily affects the comfort of a person’s stay there, is the presence of communication systems, among which it is necessary to highlight not only water supply, but also sewerage.
If you decide to move away from the old-fashioned methods that involve the disposal of sewage, then you can consider systems that can work automatically and do not involve the presence of a person. They will be discussed below. But for a complete picture, it is necessary to pay attention also to those systems that involve intervention.
The main types of sewerage for summer cottages: cesspool system
Suburban sewerage can be equipped according to the principle of a cesspool system. It involves the collection of sewage. For the manufacture of such systems, today they have ceased to use clay, which used to serve as a layer of insulation. In addition, the design has become more powerful, so it is able to protect nature from household pollution.
Instead of conventional cesspools, airtight containers are used today, which can be represented by:
- concrete rings;
- plastic products;
- metal barrels;
- pits from different materials.
For reference
As for the latter option, it may involve the use of concrete blocks and bricks, the former of which are insulated on both sides. By equipping a suburban sewage system according to the principle of a cesspool, you gain the ability to install a cheap and simple system. The construction will not be difficult, but such a sewer will have to be maintained constantly. As the container fills up, it must be cleaned using a sewage machine, a special pump, or on your own.
When to choose a septic tank
This system, as practice shows, is one of the most successful. It is not very expensive, and the efficiency of sewage disposal remains at high level. The essence of the septic tank is the natural decomposition of organic matter. The bacteria attack the drains, causing any organic matter to disappear within a few days. But in the drains there are substances that bacteria cannot do.
Here compartments come to the rescue, which can be installed in the amount of several pieces. In each of them, different processes take place. The first container is used to collect sewage. Here, the effluent settles, and the heavy particles sink to the bottom. As for fine particles and water, they enter the next tank. Heavy particles are processed by bacteria, resulting in the formation of sludge. The latter acts as an excellent fertilizer for the vegetable garden and orchard.
Suburban sewage of this type also has a second compartment, where the process of processing small particles takes place. Purified water flows through the bottom into the ground. The more such containers, the cleaner the water will be at the outlet. To date, several types of septic tanks are known. There are one-piece devices that are a single reservoir that is divided. There are also free-standing containers that are interconnected by pipes.
Autonomous disposal system
If you decide to install a suburban sewage system, then you should consider an autonomous system, which is one of the most modern. Such skeptics perform a complete cleaning of sewage, and at the end they manage to get almost clean water. Some models even provide 100% cleaning.
Such equipment is quite expensive, it is better to entrust professionals with its installation. Such sewer systems are usually purchased in a clubbing. One septic tank is installed on several houses. It is important to accurately select the power of the equipment and its performance, these parameters will depend on the number of drains.
Septic tank scheme
scheme suburban sewerage can be considered on the example of a septic tank made of concrete rings. The first section in this case has a concrete bottom. It has a sloped pipe. It should be approximately 2 cm per 1 m of length. The device of the first and second sections is identical, but the second container may be smaller. The role of this compartment is to filter. This tank contains materials that provide natural cleaning, among them expanded clay and gravel.
The filtered fraction enters the third tank, from where the liquid is removed through drainage into the soil. If it is planned to use a sewage truck to clean this tank, then the tank should be located closer to the road.
Installation of an autonomous sewerage system
An autonomous suburban sewage system is installed after determining its location. To do this, a hole is dug on the territory, the dimensions of which will depend on the parameters of the acquired structure. Craftsmen should dig a trench deepening 60 cm. In this case, the slope will be 3%, which is true for a 110 mm sewer pipe.
Next, another trench is being prepared, where a discharge pipe of the same diameter should be laid, but it should be additionally insulated. If you decide to use just such a suburban sewage system, then in the next step you need to lower the station into the pit and level it.
The next step is to connect the pipes. If the length of the supply line exceeds 20 m, then it is important to equip it to eliminate blockages. Communications are connected to the station, in addition, an emergency system lamp and a float should be connected. To check the operation of the pumps, you first need to turn on the station, only after that it is completely backfilled and the trenches are backfilled. The system is masked by a lawn, covered with a pot of flowers or artificial stone.
Sewerage with filter well and filtration field
Considering for country house, you should pay attention to septic tanks that have such systems are relevant at a low location ground water. usually consists of several reinforced concrete rings without a bottom.
As for it, it is installed at a groundwater level within 1.5 m. This is also true for the case when the soil has poor drainage capacity. At the same time, sewage is diverted to the filtration fields. Such sewerage in the country has quite extensive areas in which the natural soil is replaced by rubble and sand. Water from the septic tank enters this field through perforated pipes, where it passes through the layers and is cleaned, and then goes into the lower soil layers. At the same time, the sewerage in the country house has a filter field, which has a layering. The layers suggest the presence of sand, then comes the rubble, in which the drainage pipes are located.
Conclusion
City dwellers today are accustomed to comfort, therefore, spending time in the country, they no longer intend to put up with the lack of amenities. However, outside the city, as a rule, there is no full-fledged sewerage system. Therefore, the arrangement of such structures is the concern of the owners. This business cannot be called simple, however, having understood the intricacies and technologies, you can design and build a sewer with your own hands. At this stage, it is also important to choose the type of system. It can be standalone or modern systems that require electricity to operate.
Many of us spend time in a private house in the country, not only in summer, but also in winter. Here you can have a good rest, gather your thoughts and recharge your batteries for the new working week. But, despite this, outside the city there are not always such amenities that are usually found in an apartment. Therefore, for greater comfort, it is desirable to make the installation of all communication systems. And here the most important question is how to make a sewer in the country?
Installation of this system can be entrusted to specialists who will do it quickly and efficiently. However, it costs money, and a lot of it, so many summer residents, in order to save money, have to do everything with their own hands or with the help of friends. In the absence of any skills and abilities, you should not worry, because basically the work is simple.
Work planning
Any project always starts with a plan, and plumbing installation is no exception.
When drawing up a plan, the following points should be considered:
- the location of sinks, sinks, showers, baths (if any);
- the location of communications (under the finish, outside);
- exit point of a common pipe from a private house;
- the location of the sewer line;
- that will be used as a sewer system.
If all these points are considered in detail, it will become clear how much work will have to be done by hand, what building materials will be needed and what equipment will be needed.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account how far the source of water supply (well) is, the condition and type of soil, the depth of its freezing, at what depth groundwater occurs.
All sewer system can be conditionally divided into two parts - internal and external. In some cases, it is envisaged to use barrels only as storage tanks or in conjunction with treatment facilities.
Internal sewerage system
It is better when the country sewerage was provided for even during the preparation of the project of a private house. In this case, the installation of the main drain pipeline will be carried out in the process construction works. But even in another case, this does not mean that you can’t do anything with your own hands. The design will be as simple as possible, but it will be no less effective to divert water from the toilet, sink or shower.
A good example of a country sewerage plan
The arrangement of internal sewerage in the country is practically the same as apartment option. Also used here PVC pipes. Just a few things to be clear:
- for the toilet, you should take a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, as well as for a riser;
- for drains of sinks and other sources, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are suitable;
- the entire system must be hidden with the ability to clean the pipes when necessary;
- when planning a gravity sewer, the pipes should be located at a certain angle;
- the maximum length of the sewer outlet should be no more than 10 meters;
- pipes longer than 10 meters can only be used if there is a possibility of cleaning.
Important advice! When arranging a sewer with your own hands, it is worth using elbow-shaped pipes to prevent the unpleasant smell of sewage from entering into interior rooms private house.
The sewer system from the inside of a private house is brought out through a specially provided hole in the foundation. In this case, the hole should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe. This will avoid deformation of the sewer pipe in cases of inevitable foundation shift.
Further outdoor work will be carried out depending on the choice of method for implementing the sewer system.
Choosing an option for an external sewerage system
Sewerage in the country can be implemented in one of several ways. Many of them can be done by hand, and some require serious investments, for example, installing a system without pumping out. But first things first.
Cesspool
This is the most common way to solve the problem. In fact, this is a large structure in the form of a well, where all the wastewater from a private house will merge. The volume of the cesspool is calculated depending on the number of people in the family. So for one person you need 0.5-1.5 m 3.
A cesspool can be made different ways, including laying it out of brick.
The cesspool breaks out in a round shape with a diameter of 2.3-2.5 meters to a depth of 2 to 3 meters. The walls of the pit can be laid out of bricks used car tires, reinforced concrete rings (of which a well is usually made) or simply poured out of cement mortar. As practice shows, such a sewer system may well cope with its duties, although the cesspool needs to be cleaned from time to time.
Yes, this method, without a doubt, can be considered the most economical in terms of costs.
But there are some disadvantages here:
- Near the cesspool will always stand bad smell.
- Wastewater cannot be reused for other purposes.
- For sewage equipment there should be a convenient entrance.
- There is a possibility of soil contamination of a chemical or biological nature.
- There is a high risk of sewage leakage from the pit.
This method can be used as a temporary measure when funds are not enough.
Storage capacity
Different containers can be used for sewage, but usually it is a large-capacity barrel. She may be from different material, but plastic barrels are often used. Can be used as a septic metal barrel or an old, but whole cistern. Only in this case metal surface needs to be treated with special substances that provide protection against corrosion.
Instead of plastic barrels alternatively, eurocubes made of a special polymeric material can be used.
The arrangement of such a system using a barrel also involves digging a cesspool. As for the distance, the barrel must be at least 3 meters away from the private house. The optimal distance is 5-15 meters. A barrel should be chosen with a volume of 200 to 500 meters.
After the cesspool is dug, its bottom must be covered with rubble or broken brick so that water can freely drain into the soil. Then you can install the barrel, but so that its top is below ground level. In this upper part, you need to make a hole for the sewer pipe. It remains to lay the central highway to the barrel. It is advisable to use a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, which will ensure good patency. Moreover, it must be laid at an angle, for the unhindered flow of wastewater. At the same time, try to make as few turns as possible. Otherwise, it is better to make a draw well at every turn.
It is worth noting that it is rational to use this method of sewage if a periodic visit to the dacha is planned. With permanent residence, you should choose another option.
System without pumping
On the territory of your house in the country, you can sewer without pumping. That is, to build a structure like a septic tank. The installation of this system involves the use of one or more containers or barrels in which water is purified at the biological level.
Usually a septic tank consists of several chambers, and in the case of using barrels, of several containers. In each such zone, purification takes place. And in order for biological processes to proceed faster, the water is actively saturated with oxygen. At the outlet of the barrel system, almost pure water is obtained.
The simplest septic tank of two barrels
The number of chambers (wells) or barrels is usually three. In the very first of all barrels, the process of sedimentation and aeration takes place. The second well contains silt, which is involved in water purification at the biological level. In the very last of the barrels, silt settles to the bottom. From there, purified water flows into the well. And already from the filtration well, water seeps into the soil.
It is advisable to install such a system without pumping out by specialists, and not do it yourself. And if you compare the sewerage system without pumping with other analogues, then its installation will even allow you to live in the country.
It is worth highlighting some of the advantages of sewage without pumping:
- First of all, it is high reliability and ease of use along with compact dimensions.
- A system without pumping does not need a ventilation device, maintenance work is carried out no more than once a year.
- Moreover, the system without pumping out successfully passes the test for compliance with sanitary standards.
- But the most important, in systems without pumping, bacteria are used that resist the action of household chemicals well.
You can feel all the advantages of living in a country house provided that such housing is equipped with all amenities. No matter what they say, sewerage is the same important aspect comfortable life like electricity, gas or running water.
Development of a sewerage scheme
For owners of a private house who decide to independently equip a new sewer system, it is best to draw its diagram on paper with the maximum possible preservation of the scale and proportions of the house, taking into account the location of the rooms and premises in which it is planned to install equipment connected to the sewer.
The diagram should show not only the main objects of the system: toilet bowls, bathtubs, sinks, but also their constituent elements: corners, tees, plugs, revisions, etc. This approach will make it possible to accurately calculate the need for materials.
First of all, they determine the place of the final runoff. A pipeline will be laid to it from the house.
The exit point of the pipeline should be carefully considered, since this exit will have to be equipped through the foundation of the building or under it.
Knowing the exit point of the sewer pipe, you can plan the layout of the pipe network indoors. If the house is small in size, then it is enough one riser, to which branches of pipelines from the kitchen, bath and toilet will be connected.
If the house is large and it is difficult to do wiring to one riser, then it is worth planning two or more risers with the withdrawal of wastewater to one place or to different places.
The right choice of location
To determine the location of the drain sewage water, you need to be guided not only by the convenience of laying the pipeline, but also sanitary standards designed specifically for such objects.
The distance from the dwelling house to the waste pit should not be less than 5 m, and from the fence at least 1m. From sources of drinking water sewage pit open type located at a distance not closer 20 m on clay soil and not closer 50 m with sandy soil. It is customary not to place sewer wells at a distance closer 4 m from the roadway and garden trees, as well as closer 30 m from the reservoir.
In addition, care must be taken that the well for collecting wastewater is as organically integrated into the landscape as possible. personal plot and did not cause inconvenience when moving. It should also be conveniently located for access to sewage vehicles.
Tools and materials for arranging sewerage
To equip the sewerage system indoors, you will need to equip a riser. The diameter of the pipes for it should be larger than the supply pipelines. Usually pipes with a diameter of 100 mm or 150 mm are selected.
The supply pipes used for wiring from objects of use are selected with a diameter of 50-70 mm. The number of pipes is calculated depending on the location of the objects and their distance from the riser.
In addition to pipes, you will need:
- tees for the possibility of connecting branches from the main pipe;
- plugs for closing temporarily unused holes in pipes;
- adapters for connecting pipes of different diameters;
- revisions to be able to clean the pipe in case of blockages;
- knees for changing the angle of the pipe connection;
- various outlets;
- fasteners.
You can get by with a minimum set hand tool, but you may need a puncher, drill or grinder. To work with silicone sealant easy to use mounting gun.
The choice of pipes is made taking into account the feasibility, cost and technological characteristics. Special attention when choosing pipes, they are given their resistance to deformation, corrosion resistance, ease of installation and maintenance.
Polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and polyethylene pipes with socket type connection and rubber seal.
Such pipes have good hydraulic characteristics, resistance to external loads, durability with good sealing of joints. They are easy to install, wear out little during use and resist well the build-up of deposits in the pipe lumen.
Pipes made of cast iron, steel, ceramic or asbestos cement are now used less and less. Steel and cast iron are reliable, but expensive materials, moreover, the installation of sewerage systems from such pipes is more difficult. Ceramics and asbestos cement are fragile, short-lived and difficult to install and maintain.
Sewer laying
Drawings for manufacturing
Internal work
Work inside the premises should be carried out taking into account the previously developed sewerage scheme. At this stage, it is important to decide on the type of installation of the system: outdoor with open access to pipelines or hidden.
If the type of hidden arrangement is selected under finishing materials(drywall, wall paneling, plaster), then inspection windows should be provided at the places where revisions are installed.
Places for connecting baths, sinks, toilets and other objects of use are selected in such a way that the pipeline from the object to the riser is located with a constant slope of 7 - 15 mm for each running meter pipes.
This arrangement will ensure a constant flow of waste with a minimum possibility of clogging. It is necessary to equip the laying of the pipeline, taking into account the possibility of its reliable fastening to the wall without sagging.
Pipelines are fixed to the wall with clips or clamps. The attachment points of the fixing fittings are arranged in close proximity to the joints of the pipes and next to the shut-off elements of the system.
The riser at the point of its passage through the foundation is installed vertically and fixed to prevent shifts during the final sealing of the hole.
All objects are connected at an angle to the main line through bends or tees. Most suitable option there will be a 45 or 60 degree angle. Connections with a 90 degree angle are the most susceptible to clogging.
If there is no other possibility, in such places it is advisable to connect the system through a tee with a plug of the free end for a possible revision of the joint. For reliability, the joints should be coated with silicone sealant.
outdoor work
External work on the arrangement of the sewerage system provides for the installation of a wastewater receiver and laying to it from the pipeline riser.
The pit for a container for collecting wastewater is equipped manually or mechanized. It is not advisable to equip a waste tank at a distance of more than 15 meters due to the increase in the cost of materials and the deterioration of the flow.
With an increase in the distance to the waste pit, the angle of inclination of the pipeline decreases accordingly. If this angle is less than 7 mm per linear meter or less than 2 degrees throughout outdoor system the runoff of household waste will be difficult due to the low speed of their movement.
At the same time, do not make the corner too steep. In this case, the liquid fraction of the effluent will move much faster, and the more solid particles will settle on the walls, which can lead to clogging. In addition, the large slope of the pipes increases their wear. inner surface. External pipelines are always laid with a socket against the flow of liquid.
The depth of the trench for the external pipeline is determined taking into account the depth of soil freezing. If it is not possible to lower the sewer pipes below this mark, the pipeline should be insulated.
The bottom of the trench, before finally falling asleep, should be tamped to prevent subsidence of the soil and subsequent deflection of the entire system. A sand bed should be made at the bottom of the trench to exclude the possibility of mechanical damage to the pipe during ramming.
Construction of a sewer
A sewer collector is a main line that includes sewer pipes laid in trenches and, in fact, a collection tank of a certain type.
Biological treatment stations
Most effective method wastewater treatment - biological treatment in special aeration-type stations. The peculiarity of this method of purification is that at the output it is possible to obtain water purified by 95 - 98 percent with the possibility of using it for irrigation of the site.
Such stations can be installed in the immediate vicinity of a residential building on any type of soil. Stations made of polypropylene are completely sealed and tear resistant. This material is well soldered, non-toxic, in terms of thermal conductivity, the walls of expanded polypropylene are comparable to brickwork.
Station biological treatment is a container consisting of several chambers that perform different functions.
Primary purification of sewage from large fractions takes place in the receiving chamber. There is also a weak oxidation of wastewater by activated sludge.
More intense oxidation with sludge after removal of large fractions of waste occurs in the main treatment chamber - the aerotank.
The next stage is the separation of working sludge from water in the secondary clarifier.
The fat film in this chamber is separated by a grease trap and transferred to an additional circuit in the aerotank.
Activated sludge accumulates and settles in a separate chamber - stabilizer.
The principle of operation of the station is to destroy the organic pollution of wastewater with activated sludge formed in the aerotank. In fact, organic matter is destroyed by aerobic bacteria entering the station with air. Excess activated sludge (1 - 2 buckets) is removed as it accumulates and can be used as fertilizer.
The service life of such systems is 50 years. At the same time, purified water is allowed to be discharged into water bodies, which indicates a high environmental safety such a system. In addition, there is no unpleasant odor, and biomass retains its properties for up to 3 months without active use of the system.
Cesspools in the sewerage system
The simplest sewerage in the country that you can do with your own hands is the arrangement of a cesspool.
It can be sealed or with the ability to filter the settled liquid through a natural filter in the bottom of the well.
A sealed cesspool does not provide for soil contamination with sewage. Waste of human vital activity, as the container is filled, is transported to the place of disposal by sewage transport. The volume of such a container is calculated taking into account the planned water consumption and the possibility of frequent pumping out of the collected waste.
Sealed cesspools are equipped either from concrete, or ready-made plastic containers of the required volume are used. For example, a do-it-yourself sewer in a country house made of concrete rings is a very good choice. The second option is a sewerage system in a country house made of Eurocubes, which you can also build with your own hands.
If Vacation home not used for permanent residence, then it is possible to equip a cesspool with a filtering bottom. This is possible in places where the depth of groundwater is below 2.5 m from the surface, with sandy or sandy loam soil.
Otherwise, domestic sewage filtered in the cesspool will contaminate aquifer, which can lead to pollution of water sources, reservoirs and, in general, adversely affect the ecology of adjacent territories.
An open-type cesspool is equipped with concrete rings or bricks. Filtration occurs after settling and clarifying water through the bottom of the well or perforation in the walls of the pit.
To guarantee the reliability of such a system, a tank of at least 1 cubic meter per family member. Over time, sludge and insoluble sediment will settle to the bottom of the pit, resulting in a decrease in filtration quality and speed. From time to time the cesspool will have to be cleaned.
Construction of a septic tank
In order for the sewer to work fully, you can also build a septic tank. Detailed instructions And necessary materials you will find in our .
The choice of a sewerage system is a personal matter for the owner of a country house. But only right choice variant of a system of one type or another will provide reliable operation cleaning system and comfortable life.
Engineering communications are very important for a summer cottage, and an important role in common system occupied by the sewer. Not everyone manages to immediately install a septic tank and an expensive drainage system in the country, and therefore we propose to consider a more acceptable option - do-it-yourself sewerage
Spring and summer - active holiday season, during which work is in full swing not only in the beds and in the garden, but also in and around the house. In this regard, water is almost always used, the spent part of which must be discharged into the sewer. Not all of us got a plot with a ready-made sewerage system or centralized communications, and therefore the problem of cesspools and septic tanks in the country is very relevant. Today we offer economical option drainage, which even a novice summer resident can handle. The only problem and the most serious disadvantage of our system is the minimum water discharge requirement. But, even in this case, it will be possible to install a sink in the house for washing dishes, cooking, washing towels and rags.
Our option is a temporary drainage system or a system for more long term, but with very little wastewater absorption capacity.
Initially, we would like to recall the options that are possible in the country, and which we will definitely pay more attention to in the near future.
Quality septic tank
A special element of a local treatment plant that can be used to discharge and treat water. Today, among the many offers on the market, you can choose a septic tank for any requirement and amount, but still it is much more expensive than our simple system, which we will talk about very soon.
Cesspool in the country
A cesspool is a simplified version for discharging wastewater, which can be easily done on suburban area. You can lay out a cesspool of brick, old car tires, pour out of concrete or build from concrete rings.
In practice, such a treatment plant normally copes with all the tasks assigned, but, at some point, the pit will still have to be cleaned.
DIY sewerage (video)
The simplest sewerage in the country
If the budget is zero, and it does not have allocated funds for an expensive septic tank or even a cheaper cesspool, we suggest that you start building a simple sewer, which will take the minimum amount and all day work, which is the maximum. In general, you can build a drain alone, but in order for the work to go faster and more fun, it is better to start it together.
What is sewerage?
This is the most elementary sewer facility, which may be in the country. It is a perforated sewer pipe installed vertically in a hole drilled in the ground. The principle of operation is simple - water goes into the pipe, and through the perforation it enters the drainage layer, then the water simply goes into the soil. You can choose the parameters yourself, and the volume of wastewater will be calculated from the diameter of the pipe and its installation depth in the soil, but today we will talk based on our example, on which we understood all the features of the system.
Special requirements for country sewerage
Probably, this system can be easily called a sewage system, since it not only participates in the discharge of wastewater, but is also their destination. Unfortunately, the system has a number of requirements that will prevent its breakdown and exit from working condition, and will also prevent polluting the surrounding area with sewage and odors.
So, be sure to fulfill the following requirements:
- Do not discharge into the water drain more than the calculated norms;
- Clean the water as much as possible before dumping it (install meshes on the holes in the sink, clean the dishes from food residues before rinsing, try not to drain fats into the drain);
- Be sure to clean the drain once every two to three weeks, as the perforations needed to drain water into the soil can become clogged;
- Try to use this drain only for more or less clean wastewater, in no case connect to it washing machine and toilet.
DIY septic tank (video)
How to build a do-it-yourself sewer
Tools and materials
Right away we need to choose a tool and materials, but there is nothing complicated here, and therefore we immediately promise that it will be possible to get by with a standard set.
First of all, a drill for a hole in the ground. It can be a motor drill or even a more interesting drill, from a motor block or special equipment, but it is quite difficult to find one for an hour or two of work.
Or a simple hand drill, which, of course, will have to puff.
We will also need a hacksaw, a hammer, a drill with a drill, a shovel and a crowbar. Speaking of materials - this is a plastic sewer pipe, broken brick and gravel, a piece of roofing material or rubber to cover the top sewer runoff.
Drilling a hole for a pipe
We begin to drill a hole with the drill that you have, having previously chosen a place on the site near the house, where it will be easier to remove the drain from the sink.
During our experiment, drilling took place 1 meter deep, respectively, we took a piece of pipe for further laying a little more, about 1.2 m.
Initially, it was quite easy to drill, up to half a meter, that is, the layer into which a shovel penetrates well when digging, fertilizers and water loosening the soil. Then it became very difficult, and it took about 3 hours to work. But at the same time, the hole for the pipe was drilled much wider than the diameter of the pipe, so that after installing it, we could fill the hole around the circumference with broken bricks and gravel.
Accordingly, when the drill failed, we used a crowbar to loosen the layers of soil strong blows, as well as a shovel. At the very end of the work, the drill was used only to get the soil out of the pit.
Perforating a sewer pipe
Perhaps the simplest and even entertaining process is perforation plastic pipe, which we chose for stock. The whole thing took about 15 minutes, because any drill takes the material very simply. We made holes in the pipe thoroughly so that the water leaves faster. But it was always possible to save yourself from such worries by buying a special perforated pipe in ready-made.
Installing a pipe in a hole
Also a simple process, however, requiring attention. So, before installing the pipe, pour about 10-15 cm of broken brick and gravel into the bottom of the pit. Next, we install the pipe strictly in the center and, holding it, sprinkle it on all sides with the same gravel and broken bricks. These materials hold the pipe upright in the pit.
By and large, the main process is over, it remains only to draw a conclusion from the sink of a country house.
How to make a sewer in the country (video)
Connecting the output to the sewer
The conclusion is very simple to make, and if it is ready, all that remains is to connect it to the pipe. The output is carried out through a hole in the wall, always at an angle. A corrugated siphon pipe is passed through the outlet, which is connected through an adapter to installed pipe. On this stage, homemade sewage from the pipe is ready.
The volume of water accepted by the sewer
You will need to save on runoff so that the water has time to go into the soil, but this is even a plus, since in this case you will also save water costs!
According to our calculations, which were made on a pipe with a diameter of 11 cm and a length of about 1.2 m, about a bucket of water is placed in it. When we drilled holes in the pipe and installed it in the ground, sprinkled waste building materials, this increased the allowable volume immediately to 3-4 buckets of water, that is, up to about 40 liters. In dry and hot weather, if this area is not watered, up to 150 liters of water, or even more, can be safely dumped into such a sewer per day, because water is constantly absorbed into the ground. This, it seems to us, is quite enough for washing dishes, cooking and other small kitchen chores.
Increasing the possibilities of sewerage
We would not recommend investing special money or our own precious time in increasing the capacity of this sewage system, since it would be much more correct to deal with a septic tank or a cesspool, but if you have a desire, then we have a simplified version.
So, you only need to arrange something like irrigation fields near the pipe. This is easy to do - you can dig a hole, say, 0.5x1 m and a depth of 30-40 cm near the sewerage pipe, and make an incision in the pipe itself from above, in the direction of this hole. The pit should be covered with broken bricks or gravel, and covered with a sheet of metal, roofing felt, covered with a layer of soil.
Thus, when the drain pipe is overfilled, when the water can no longer go into the soil through the perforation, the wastewater will reach the upper hole directed to the pit and go into the pit itself. Of course, you can arrange everything prettier, without a cut, but with the installation of an adapter and the ejection of the pipe into the pit. But no matter what you do, it will increase the possibility of water discharge several times at once!
