Thermal energy is heating or hot water. "Crib" on the payment document for housing and communal services

The main advantage of a direct-flow water supply system compared to a circulating water supply system is its simplicity. It lacks water coolers, recycled water pumping stations, additional pipe networks and other facilities. If there is no need for purification of industrial waste water, then the entire cold water supply will consist of a pumping station and a system of supply and discharge pipelines. The advantage of a circulating water supply system is that a significantly smaller amount of water is supplied from the source than with a direct-flow system; this amount of water should only compensate for its losses from evaporation and wind-blown droplets from the coolers and the water consumption for cold water purge, which depends on the quality of the added water. and how it is processed. As a rule, the amount of water added to the system does not exceed 5% of the flow of recycled water. With circulating water supply, the diameter of water conduits, and hence their cost, is significantly reduced, the size and cost of water intake facilities are reduced, and pumping stations the first rise, the consumption of energy required to supply water to the territory of the enterprise, it becomes possible to use sources with a small water flow rate for industrial water supply, the cost is noticeably reduced treatment facilities for additional water. With a circulating system, much less waste water is discharged into the reservoir than with a direct-flow system. In this regard, the task of protecting water bodies from pollution is facilitated. sewage, the size and cost of treatment facilities and pipelines that discharge waste and treated water are reduced.

Hvs in the receipt what is it

It is unacceptable to change the names of these services, although some regional housing and communal services arbitrarily enter such lines as “DHW heating”, “DHW replenishment” or “ DHW drainage and HVS. It is not at all necessary for the consumer to know how much water heating costs, the final amount that is presented for payment is important to him.

Is it legal to pay for water heating on a receipt in 2018

If the legitimacy of the appearance of an additional line “water heating” in the receipts is in question, in order not to overpay for heating, it is recommended that you first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, a complaint should be written to the GZhI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must provide a response with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to justify why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a lawsuit in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated on the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you still have to pay for services that you are not getting, file a claim to exclude the "heating water" line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

What is DHW in a receipt

It turns out a vicious circle - many residents often do not pay for hot water due to its low temperature, or even refuse this service, switching to water heating electric boilers. And heating companies cannot produce repair work, because the debt of the population to pay does not give them an inflow Money.

Is it legal to pay for hot water supply (hot water supply) in the receipt is divided into 2 points of payment: 1 - water supply (I have 331 rubles); 2 - its heating (1100 rubles)

the cost of heat energy losses in pipelines in the section from facilities where hot water is prepared, including from central heating points, including the maintenance of central heating points, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization, if such losses are not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy;

What is hot water, cold water and sanitation in utility bills

List of services to be paid by tenants apartment buildings, is clearly defined by Article 154 of the main industry document - the Housing Code. Homeowners and tenants are required to pay for housing maintenance and repairs. In addition, they are responsible for paying for the following services:

What is cold water for hot water in the receipt

Component on cold water- this is the volume of cold water (HVS) for the needs of hot water supply. In the presence of individual metering devices (meters), this component is determined - according to the readings of the hot water metering device (DHW), in the absence of an individual metering device - according to the standard, i.e. 3.5 cubic meters per 1 person. per month.

What does the abbreviation HVS DPU mean?

The nuance is that if accounting is maintained by an enterprise, then it will write off all kinds of losses in water and its temperature (for example, breakthroughs, leaks) to consumers, and they will pay for it. If a house-wide meter is installed in the house, then residents will pay for the water and heat that entered the house.

Today, February 6, Tatyana Nestratova, head of the department for socio-economic development of the city of Lyubertsy, spoke about the principles of pricing. According to her, utility bills are calculated based on the volume of consumed utilities determined by the readings of metering devices, and in their absence - according to the standards.

The procedure for calculating and making payments for utility services is defined in the Rules for the provision of utility services, approved by a government decree Russian Federation №354.

Let us now analyze the issue of determining the payment for heating:

State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, i.e. the ministries of the Moscow region, by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 857, are allowed to make a decision on the application in the calculations for heating of the norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating that were in force until June 30, 2012.

Accordingly, the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region secured the possibility for managing and resource supply organizations to apply the norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating that were in force until June 30, 2012 when paying for heating.

In our city it is 0.0145 Gcal/m2.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1380 determined that this decision is valid until July 1, 2016.

That is, the procedure for paying for heating in residential buildings does not change.

In houses that are not equipped with common house heating meters, the heating payment is calculated according to the standard.

For example:

Apartment 55 sq.m.

The standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating 1 m2 is 0.0145 Gcal/m2.

Heating tariff:

1991.13 rub/Gcal X 0.0145 Gcal/m2 = 28.87 rub/m2

Total heating fee:

In houses equipped with common house heating metering devices, the heating payment is calculated based on the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for heating for the previous year.

Wherein Management Company makes adjustments to the size of the payment for heating once a year.

For example:

Apartment 55 sq.m.

The average monthly consumption of thermal energy for heating 1 m2 is 0.0145 Gcal/m2.

Total heating fee:

55m2 X 28.87 rubles / m2 = 1588 rubles.

However, the common house metering device showed that, in fact, it took not 0.0145 Gcal/m2, but 0.0150 Gcal/m2 to heat 1m2 of living space.

Accordingly, the management company, at the end of the year - this usually happens in January, exposes an additional payment for the actually consumed resource.

In our example - about 1100 rubles.

I emphasize - once a year.

According to the Lyubertsy Housing Trust, such a recalculation was made in 556 residential buildings, of which 276 - upwards, 280 - downwards.

Further. In November and December 2014, representatives of the city administration and the largest management companies spoke on television, on radio, in print media and explained to residents that from January 01, 2015, the procedure for calculating payment for heating was changed, i.e. dwelling house dwellers,

equipped with common building metering devices for heating, had to switch to payment from 1/12 - equal monthly installments to 1/7 - only during the heating season.

However, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1380 postponed the introduction of this provision until July 1, 2016.

By hot water.

In the city, all houses are equipped with common house water meters.

We have repeatedly explained to the residents that

The Committee on Prices and Tariffs has established a two-component tariff:

cold water component

Component for thermal energy.

cold water component- this is the volume of cold water for the needs of hot water supply. It is determined in the presence of individual metering devices - according to the readings of the hot water metering device, in the absence of an individual metering device - according to the standard - 3.5 m3 / person. per month.

Example.

Tariff for cold water - 30.27 rubles / m3;

Individual metering device - 3 m3

30.27 rub/m3 X 3 m3 = 90.81 rub/m3.

Without an individual meter - 3.5 m3

Total component for hot water:

30.27 rub/m3 X 3.5 m3 = 105.95 rub/m3.

Component for thermal energy :

Tariff for production of 1 Gcal - 1991.13 rubles / Gcal

Standard for heating cold water - the amount of thermal energy required to heat 1 m3 of cold water to 60 degrees - 0.055 gcal / m3 (in the absence of a common house heat meter).

1991.13 rub/Gcal X 0.055 gcal/m3 = 109.51 rub/m3.

In the presence of a common house heat meter.

The component for thermal energy for the needs of hot water supply is determined according to the indications of a common house metering device for hot water consumption. The amount of thermal energy recorded by a common house meter is distributed in proportion to the consumed volume of hot water.

The cost of heating cold water up to 60 degrees in the absence of a common house heat meter is added up:

Tariff for production of 1 Gcal - 1991.13 rubles / Gcal

The actual amount of thermal energy that went to heat 1 m3 of cold water to 60 degrees is 0.065 Gcal/m3.

1991.13 rub/Gcal X 0.065 gcal/m3 = 129.42 rub/m3.

The total cost of consumed hot water with an individual water meter and the absence of a common house meter:

90.81 RUB/m3 + 109.5 RUB/m3 = 200.31 RUB/m3

The total cost of consumed hot water in the absence of an individual water meter and the absence of a common house meter:

105.95 RUB/m3 + 109.5 RUB/m3 = 215.45 RUB/m3

The total cost of consumed hot water in the presence of an individual water meter and a common house meter:

90.81 RUB/m3 +129.42 RUB/m3 = 220.29 RUB/m3

It is difficult to imagine a comfortable house or apartment without warm water. Proper organization necessary not only for domestic needs, but also is the basis of individual hygiene. A warm morning shower or a relaxing evening bath have become everyday routines. But few people know the specifics of the organization of hot water supply. What is it, what important requirements must be observed when designing a system and how to monitor its condition? To answer these questions, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of hot water supply.

What is DHW: tasks and functions

The main function of this system is to provide water with a proper temperature indicator for residential or production premises. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the liquid, the characteristics of its pressure in the pipes and the method of increasing the temperature to the required value. Depending on the last parameter, the DHW system is divided into 2 types:

Central. Water is heated at thermal substations (CHP) and from them, through pipelines, it is supplied to consumers.
Autonomous. To achieve the required temperature regime, special heating devices are installed - boilers, storage boilers or This type of DHW organization is intended for small area premises - apartments or houses.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The central system is more convenient for consumers, but only if its operation is constant and meets temperature standards. Alas, such a situation in our country is more an exception than a rule. Central hot water supply - what is it, a reliable way to ensure comfort in an apartment or " headache» for consumers? This largely depends on the degree of diligence of local regulatory and control bodies.

The autonomous method is more expensive, as it requires the installation of special equipment, gaskets water pipes. However, its performance and degree of comfort far exceeds the central hot water supply. The consumer himself can set the temperature level, control the energy consumption.

hot water requirements

frequent scheduled outages and low temperature regime are the main disadvantages of central hot water supply. Such situations occur frequently, but according to current laws, their frequency is strictly regulated. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 defines the following standards:

The composition of the water must be sanitary standards SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09.

To control the flow of the coolant, special devices for hot water supply are installed. Meters are mounted only by representatives of the managing organization, with which an agreement is concluded for the supply of hot water to an apartment or house.

Autonomous systems

The practical implementation of these systems requires a professional approach to each stage of work. For design, you should know the main types of autonomous hot water supply. What it is, and how effectively a certain type will work, depends on the initial technical parameters.

Cumulative

Water is drawn into the storage boiler from external source and then heating it to the desired temperature. A DHW scheme of this type is applicable for country houses and cottages.

Modern designs of boilers have a number of additional functions:

Several modes of operation - economical, optimal and maximum. It is also possible to delay the start of heating.
The thermal insulation of the case ensures the preservation of heat, which directly affects energy consumption.
A wide range of models that differ depending on the usable volume, functional and operational characteristics.

For achievement right level temperatures use electric heating elements - heating elements.

flowing

IN apartment buildings popular use of heat-exchange water heaters. Depending on the installed equipment There are the following types of devices:

flow heaters;
double-circuit heating boilers.

Can be used as energy carriers Electric Energy or thermal, resulting from the combustion of gas. The latter method is preferable, since it is less financially costly and more efficient due to its low inertia.

Regardless of the choice, any DHW system must comply with the standards, perform its direct functions and be absolutely safe for users.

When paying utility bills, many people are surprised to see the phrase “water heating” on the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, if there is centralized system water supply, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.

Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and heat energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and thermal energy. That is why a column appeared in the receipts, which means the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating fees are charged illegally, and they write complaints to housing and communal services. To verify the legitimacy of this type of accrual, you should learn more about this service.

The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. Risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this expense was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since payment for heat supply can only be charged during the heating period, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a utility service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.

Equipment

If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the managing organization are obliged to repair the equipment as a matter of urgency. But since the repair requires payment, this amount must still be paid by the tenants. While the heating bill will remain the same, there will be an increase in the repair and maintenance charges. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.

As for non-standard situations, when, for example, part of the apartments in a multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, tenants are often required to pay for common property that they do not use.

Component "thermal energy"

If everything is quite simple with the calculation of payment for cold water (it is carried out on the basis of an established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.

The amount for paying for such a service as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:

established tariff for thermal energy;
expenses necessary for the maintenance of a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
cost of thermal energy loss in pipelines;
expenses necessary for the implementation of the transportation of hot water.

The calculation of payment for utility services for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m 3.

As a rule, the amount of required thermal energy is determined on the basis of the general house values, which are shown by hot water meters and consumed thermal energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the volume of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific heat energy consumption. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount needed to pay for what is written on the receipt as “water heating”.

How to calculate on your own in 2018-2019

Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that during heating it is necessary to use special equipment powered by the mains. To make sure the receipt shows the correct amount due, you can do the calculations yourself and compare the amount received with the amount shown on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for thermal energy, established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:

If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of thermal energy, focusing on its indicator.
If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established regulatory indicators (set by an energy-saving organization).

If there is a common heat energy consumption meter in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the charge for heating is calculated based on the readings of the common meter and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is not available, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and indications individual counter water.