(5
votes, average: 5,00
out of 5)
Electricity tariffs are increasing every year, along with them, general house payments for lighting places are growing. common use. In this regard, many management companies are beginning to consider the issue of how to upgrade the lighting in the entrances to LED. What solutions exist today and how to make the right choice?
Are built-in sensors required?
The main goal of introducing LED lighting technology in the housing and communal services sector is savings. The LED solution itself is 8-10 times more economical than the similar one with an incandescent lamp and about 2 times more economical solution with a compact fluorescent lamp, so you can limit yourself to the introduction of luminaires without sensors.
But a product with built-in "intelligence" will additionally save another 60-80% of electricity. At the same time, additional costs will be very small. It can be concluded that lighting equipment with a built-in sensor is an economically sound solution for the housing and communal services sector.
What type of detection to choose?
Most often, the presence of a person in the stairwell is determined by sound or by movement. Smaller volumes of application of lighting equipment with motion sensors in apartment buildings are due to the fact that this type of device is directional, which imposes significant restrictions on the location of the lamp in the stairwell. It turns out that in the limited space of the entrance it is not always possible to replace the existing point-to-point lighting equipment while maintaining the installation location. At the same time, supply electrical networks to a new place is always an additional cost.
Equipment with sound detection does not have this disadvantage, the accuracy of determining the presence of a person does not depend on the location of the lamp. This is probably one of the reasons that such products are widely used in all regions of Russia without exception. The disadvantages of the acoustic method are false positives, for example, due to extraneous noise on the street or in apartments. But such trips in general, for all solutions installed at the facility, rarely account for more than 3% of the total operation time.
The second sensor that manufacturers build into the housing and public utilities luminaire is an optical one. Its function is to ensure that the light in the entrance does not turn on during daylight hours, if there is enough natural light. It is possible to conclude that the most best solution is a combination of two sensors in the product, namely optical and acoustic. Such "smart" lighting technology can save up to 98% of electricity. There are facilities where consumers have been able to reduce the cost of each light point from 1,500 rubles to 27 rubles a year.
Why is standby mode necessary?
To increase comfort and safety, some lamps have a “standby mode”. In this mode, the equipment operates on full power only when there is a person on the staircase, and the rest of the time it emits 20-30% of the declared luminous flux.
There is no longer total darkness in the room, there is enough light for the operation of video surveillance systems, in order to see peephole what happens on the landing. At the same time, electricity consumption is extremely low. Perhaps, we can already say that the presence of a standby mode is one of the standard requirements customers to lighting equipment with sensors in the housing and communal services sector.
What power to choose?
Other things being equal, the higher the power of the equipment, the brighter it will be in the room. Today, the optimal total power consumption for housing and communal services lamps is in the range of 6-8 W. Such a product will replace an analogue with an incandescent lamp with a power of up to 60-75W.
What degree of protection against ingress of moisture and dust is sufficient?
The degree of protection is indicated in accordance with GOST 14254 by the letters IP and two numbers. From IP20 to IP68. The higher the index, the higher the protection.
For entrances and other dry premises, IP20 protection is sufficient; for basements and similar premises, protection from IP54 and above is desirable. For lighting at the entrance to the entrance, it is better to choose fixtures with IP64 and above.
For products with acoustic sensors, a relatively low degree of IP is typical, since technological holes in the body are necessary for more accurate operation of sensors of this type.
How to protect equipment from vandals and theft?
Vandal resistance is a rather important parameter when choosing solutions for entrances of residential buildings. Lighting equipment for the housing and communal services sector must withstand significant shock loads, while remaining operational.
If the body of such lamps has a streamlined shape, this will also complicate its unauthorized dismantling from the wall or ceiling. Anti-removable fasteners, plugs, other design solutions are able to provide enough reliable protection from equipment theft.
Luminaires SA-7008U of the Perseus series, as one of the most common solutions in housing and communal services
It seems that the need to replace existing equipment in the housing sector with modern LED lighting technology with sensors is quite obvious and even inevitable.
As an example specific solution, which is already widely used in apartment buildings, we present the lamp SA-7008U of the Perseus series. This series is produced by the Aktey company, located in the city of St. Petersburg.
SA-7008U of the Perseus series is a multi-mode LED luminaire with built-in optical and acoustic sensors.
Power consumption - 8 W, luminous flux - 800 lumens. Power consumption in standby mode - no more than 2 watts. Three modes of operation in one product significantly expand the possibilities of application, while both designing and assembly organization and the warehouse of the manufacturer and the customer continue to work with only one nomenclature position.
Application of SA-7008U
Lighting of stairwells, halls, corridors, lobbies and other premises with periodic stay of people in residential and public buildings. SA-7008U "Persey" multi-mode luminaire with standby mode and full off mode is designed for network operation alternating current with a voltage of 220 volts.
SA-7008U series "Perseus" is designed to work on stairwells, so the degree of protection is IP30. The anti-vandal case maintains very aggressive external influences. Each product is supplied with special fasteners for anti-theft and the required tool for its installation on site. Thanks to the polycarbonate body, SA-7008U has an electrical safety class II, which means that it does not require a ground line.
The high reliability of SA-7008U leads to the fact that customers who have started using lighting solutions of the Perseus series continue to use them on the next floor, in the next entrance, in the next apartment building.
Characteristics of SA-7008U
– Operating voltage - 160…250 V
– Mains frequency - 50 Hz
- Nomin. power consumption in active mode - 8 W
– Power consumption in standby mode - ≤2 W
– Nominal luminous flux - 800 lm
– Acoustic switching threshold - 52±5 dB (adjustable)
– Optical response threshold - 5±2 lx
– Lighting duration - 60…140 sec. (adjustable)
– Automatic restart of the light off timer
– Sensitivity adjustment
– Adjustment of duration of illumination - is
– Power factor - > 0.85
– Class of protection against defeat electric shock-II
Features SA-7008U
– To replace NBB, NBO and SBO luminaires in housing and communal services.
- Frame LED lamp Made from impact resistant polycarbonate.
– Acoustic sensitivity adjustment.
– Adjustment of lighting duration.
– Original patented impact resistant design.
– Special fixing screws that make unauthorized dismantling difficult.
– Overvoltage protection in the network.
- Soft start system.
– Nichia, Samsung LEDs.
– No flicker or stroboscopic effect.
– Electromagnetic interference suppression filter (EMI filter).
– Protective earth is not required.
- Multi-mode with the ability to turn on the standby mode (backlight).
Company Aktey develops and manufactures innovative electrical appliances for energy saving in housing and communal services (HCS), individual apartments, cottages and household plots.
The company's products save up to 95% of electricity used to illuminate entrances, stairwells, corridors and vestibules public places: modern light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, lamps with built-in opto-acoustic, or infrared sensors presence, as well as built-in energy-saving sensors for the needs of serial manufacturers lighting equipment.
The Aktey company carries out custom (OEM, ODM) development, production or modernization of existing lighting equipment according to technical requirements customer. The products are characterized by easy installation, simple operation, reliability and low price.
Lighting in the entrances of residential buildings is quite an overhead expense item for any community of homeowners. Therefore, the question of saving on this type of expenditure is raised quite often.
Someone reduces the level of illumination by unscrewing some of the lamps, and someone optimizes the control circuit. We will talk about the possibilities of such optimization in our article.
Requirements for the level and method of controlling the illumination of entrances
Norms of illumination of various parts of the entrance and utility rooms
Before proceeding to the issues of the possibility of automating lighting control systems, you should understand the standards imposed by various regulations on given parameter. After all, this will allow us not only to position our lamps as efficiently as possible, but will also make it possible to apply the automation system that is optimal in our case.
- As you already understood, GOST entrance lighting for different rooms It has different standard. It is normalized in Table 1 VSN 59 - 88. According to this standard, two types of illumination are distinguished - illumination from fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps. By the way, the so-called energy-efficient lamps are fluorescent.
- First of all, consider the stairwells and floor corridors. The illumination of these zones when using fluorescent lamps should be 10 lux, but if incandescent lamps are used, then the norm is 5 lux. In this case, the normalization plane is the steps and the floor of the corridor.
- GOST for lighting entrances with elevator facilities is somewhat different. So elevator halls should have an illumination of 20 lux when using fluorescent lamps and 7 lux for incandescent lamps. At the same time, according to clause 2.27 of VSN 59 - 88, the lamp must be installed in such a way that part of the light flux is directed to the elevator doors. The lighting of the lobbies of the entrances should also meet similar requirements.
- If there are wheelchair spaces at the entrance, then they should be illuminated with incandescent lamps. At the same time, the norm of illumination for them is 20 lux, and the normalized surface is the floor.
- Elevator shafts, if they are not made with a mesh fence, must also have lighting. For them, the norm is 5lx and is given only for incandescent lamps. In this case, a conditional surface three meters from the lamp is taken as the normalized surface.
- GOST lighting of entrances must also comply with such premises as a basement or attic. For them, it is recommended to use only incandescent lamps. The illumination standard is 10 lux. In this case, not the entire room should be illuminated, but only the main passages. The same standards apply to waste collection chambers, switchboards and other similar premises.
Note! That, in addition to lighting standards for various rooms, there are standards for light pulsation, color rendering and some other parameters that the lighting of entrances must also comply with. These norms are given in SNiP II-4-79.
Entrance lighting control standards
Lighting automation in the entrances is constantly being upgraded. More and more complex and energy efficient schemes are emerging, and regulations do not always keep pace with these changes.
So:
- First of all, it should be remembered that, according to clause 8.1 of VSN 59 - 88, with any method of lighting automation, it must be possible to manually turn it on at any time of the day. This is necessary for both repair work, and for various unforeseen situations.
- When installing automation systems that respond to room illumination, timely switching on of lighting for rooms with different natural illumination should be provided. This can be achieved by turning on all the lights while reducing the light level in the darkest place, or by installing additional light sensors.
- When using a variety of sensors, evacuation or emergency lighting should be provided, which is turned on by a conventional switch in addition to automation. With the onset of the dark time of the day, it must be constantly turned on.
- According to clause 8.15 of VSN 59 - 88, switching devices for turning on attic lighting must be located outside this room. Usually they are located at the entrance. If there are several such inputs, then the switching device must be on each.
- All switching devices for switching on lighting must provide a break in the phase wire. In this case, the presence of a phase on the secondary circuits of the lighting control system must be ensured.
Driveway lighting automation schemes
On this moment developed and implemented a variety of automatic lighting entrance. Analysis of each scheme will take a lot of time, especially since they often intertwine and combine each other, so we will consider only the most common and successful options in our opinion.
Indeed, for each individual entrance, the most relevant will be its own lighting scheme, which takes into account the geography of the entrance, location features, the number of storeys of the house, the awareness of homeowners and many other aspects.
Lighting control with push buttons
This method of lighting control will be successful for low-rise buildings with enough conscientious citizens. After all, it only provides an opportunity to save, and this saving should already be carried out directly by the residents of the entrance.
Its main advantage is its simplicity and price, which is significantly lower than all the options below.
So:
- Depending on the type of entrance, this type of control has several options. In the first version, this is a push-button post located at the entrance to the entrance, as well as on each floor. At the entrance to the entrance, a person presses the button to turn on the light, from the button the starter for turning on the lighting of the entire entrance is pulled up. When a person comes home, he presses the light off button, the starter coil is de-energized and the light goes out.
- The second option assumes the possibility of switching on only the flight of stairs from the push-button post. In this case, the floor corridors are switched on from separate push-button posts and act on their own starter. This option is more economical, but somewhat more complicated and expensive to implement.
Comfortable living of residents in an apartment building is provided different ways. One of them is the lighting in the entrance. Although many residents continue to use incandescent lamps, the popularity of alternative sources lighting, as they are more economical, durable and have a low level of incandescence.
High-quality lighting in the entrance is necessary condition for the safety and comfort of residents.
Lighting of entrances can be arranged in an economical way. Innovative light bulbs produce a soft light that is at the same time more intense and less expensive. This is not done on your own. It is necessary to contact the management company, which is obliged to respond if the lighting does not meet the established requirements.
Currently, many entrances are equipped with automatic system. Thanks to this, it significantly reduces the cost of electricity. It also complies with the requirements that are established in legislative acts.
Sample application for the modernization of lighting in the entrance.
Each entrance of the MKD is necessarily equipped with lighting fixtures. The regulatory documents indicate what the illumination should be (in lux). Categorical indications of certain lighting not given in the rules.
However, there is an indication that lamps should be economical, with greater light output and service life.
These conditions are met by both luminescent and LED bulbs including LED strips.
Norms of illumination of various parts of the entrance and utility rooms
Lighting in the entrances of different premises has its own standards and rules (GOSTs, construction SNiP). The main ones include the following:
- rationing is carried out according to table VSN 59-88, which contains two types of standards: light from incandescent or fluorescent lamps;
- in elevators, lamps have an illumination power of 20 lux (for fluorescent lamps) and 7 lux (for incandescent bulbs);
- wheelchair rooms are illuminated with incandescent bulbs;
- elevator shafts - incandescent bulbs of 5 lux;
- basement and attic rooms, as well as switchboard rooms, garbage collection rooms and others, are illuminated with 10 lux incandescent bulbs.
Incandescent lamps are gradually becoming a thing of the past. And the leading positions are increasingly confidently occupied by LED devices, as the most economical and durable.
Entrance lighting control standards
Automation undergoes regular modernization. Normative documentation does not always have time to change in connection with emerging technologies. Therefore, often the norms of lighting in the entrances of residential buildings are advisory in nature. In this case, you need to remember the following points:
- the automatic system must be switched on and off manually;
- when installing a system that reacts automatically, the light should turn on with varying degrees of illumination;
- if sensors are used, then emergency lighting is provided, which is switched on in stairwells in automatic and manual mode;
- the devices illuminating the attic are located outside this room.
Who pays for lighting in the entrances, and how the amount is determined
Lighting in the entrances refers to the general needs of the house. If earlier the consumption of electricity for general house needs was registered separately in the receipt, then from the beginning of 2017 this item was removed. Currently, the calculation is performed depending on the presence or absence of a common house meter.
If a common house meter is installed, then the indicators are determined by the employees of the supervisory authority together with representatives of the house. After that, the difference between the amount received and the accounting values in each apartment is calculated.
Also important is the amount square meters not equipped with sensors. The result is distributed among the homeowners depending on the area of the premises. The more square meters in the apartment, the more you have to pay for electrical energy by ODN.
If there is no meter, then payment is made in accordance with the current regulations established in the region.
Motion sensor in the entrance - reacts to the movement of objects in its "area of responsibility".
Who is replacing the lighting in the entrances
If there is no light in the entrance, then the reason can be determined independently. It may be as follows:
- bulb burnout;
- ceiling lamp malfunction;
- closure;
- damage to switches;
- breakage of the switchboard;
- accident;
- planned work.
After finding out the cause of the breakdown, they report it to the management company or homeowners association. These organizations are responsible for providing light in the entrances apartment building(the obligation does not apply to balconies, the lighting decision of which is made by the homeowners).
Expert opinion
Mironova Anna Sergeevna
Generalist lawyer. Specializes in family matters, civil, criminal and housing law
Replacing light bulbs is the responsibility of the management company. Troubleshooting and replacement are performed based on the results of scheduled inspections. They are held according to a set schedule.
Where to go if there is no lighting in the entrances
Residents can call or come to the Criminal Code and submit an application. The management company must necessary work the very next day after applying. In case of delay, tenants have the right to contact the housing inspectorate or the prosecutor's office. In some cases, the period during which the work is performed can be extended up to 7 days.
What are the possible consequences for the Criminal Code if there is no lighting in the entrances
Lighting in the entrance is very important, because in addition to its direct purpose, it ensures the safety of residents and protection against theft. Therefore, authorized organizations are obliged to urgently respond to these requests.
If the problem has not been resolved after 7 days of submitting the application, Management Company may be subject to legal liability under the Code of Administrative Offenses. In accordance with Article 7.22 of the Code, officials are fined in the amount of 4,000 to 5,000 rubles. A fine legal entities amounts to an amount from 40 to 50 thousand rubles.
Art. 7.22 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises.
The rights and legitimate interests of citizens are controlled by the State Housing Inspectorate. The specialists of this organization and the administration have the right to draw up protocols if relevant violations are revealed.
Driveway lighting automation schemes
Lighting in entrances apartment buildings carried out in different ways. Each scheme has its own characteristics. They can combine each other or have similar characteristics. Below are the options that are most common.
Lighting control with push buttons
The method is more suitable for low-rise buildings, the residents of which are distinguished by a conscious attitude. With it, it is possible to save money, but it depends only on the tenants. The main advantage of this method is the affordable price.
Management is carried out in two ways.
The first one is a push-button post located at the entrance at the entrance and on each floor.
The second - makes it possible to turn on and off the light only in the stairway. Basements and attics have outdoor lighting in the form of a standard switch or a special sensor.
If the apartment owners do not show conscientiousness in general house issues, then the light can be turned off by means of a timer.
Using Light Sensors
With good natural light suitable option is to use a system with light sensors. This is not the most economical option, but is used as an alternative to the standard switch.
The sensor is installed in a dark place. The device works when it gets dark. In this case, lighting can be switched on in the entrance or outside the premises. In utility rooms, it is advisable to use standard switches.
Using Motion Sensors
This scheme appeared not so long ago, but its popularity is growing every year. When using motion sensors, savings are achieved. Moreover, attention from the residents is not required.
In this case, sensors are installed on each floor, but sometimes one at the entrance to the entrance. After the device has been triggered, the time until the device is turned off is counted. In the presence of an elevator, the inclusion of light is carried out in different ways. Most often, the sensor is triggered when leaving the elevator. Utility rooms of the entrance are best equipped with standard switches.
Combined lighting schemes
Often, combined lighting schemes are used in the entrances. At the same time, they are guided by the type of premises and the tasks assigned. For example, a light sensor is installed as the main starter, which works in low light and sends a signal to motion sensors mounted outside, in the lobby and in the elevator.
In another example, a motion sensor is used as the main one. Other rooms can be switched on using standard switches.
High-quality lighting of the entrance in an apartment building - important factor human comfort. Most often, ordinary incandescent bulbs with a power of 40 to 100 watts are used for lighting.
But the use of this type of artificial lighting in the modern world is becoming irrelevant for a number of reasons:
- fragility of use;
- High consumption of energy resources;
- A high degree of incandescence (up to 360 degrees) can cause a fire.
People began to look for a solution to these problems by using other light sources.
An important condition for maintaining the health of a person living in an apartment building is the light in the stairwells at night.
Most often, the lamps are located on the grounds in such a way that the lighting occurs both in the stairwells and in the passages to the apartments.
The set of lamps used for these purposes is very diverse:
- Incandescent lamps. They are cheap at cost, but energetically unfavorable;
- Fluorescent lamps. Several times more expensive. The main problems are disposal after use (due to the mercury content) and delayed start-up due to its heating.
- Energy-saving lamps. The price threshold is relatively large than the first two options, but it pays off after 3 months of work.
Regardless of the light source, its control is simple mechanically using a switch. It must be located in a public area.
If the house has a smoke-free staircase, then its lighting should be carried out automatically from dusk to dawn. Incandescent lamps should not be used in this case, since they are classified as fire hazardous.
Entrance lighting in apartment buildings
In many ways, the solution to this problem depends on the type of the structure of the residential building itself.
Regulatory documents interpret the following characteristics of illumination:
- If the length of the corridor along which the accommodation is located is up to 10 meters, then one lighting source located in the center is sufficient;
- With a length of more than 10 meters, lamps are located in each wing in the amount of 2 pieces.
In order to save energy, many management companies are transferring their homes to automatic or remote lighting of entrances.
With this method of lighting, a mechanical switch must also be available to enable the light to be turned on independently and, if necessary, to turn it off in case of emergency. For example, in case of fire or gas leakage.
Possibilities of installing energy-saving lamps in the entrances of apartment buildings
An energy-saving lamp installed in the entrance provides significant energy savings. For 1 hour of uninterrupted operation, it consumes only 11 watts, while a conventional incandescent lamp consumes 60 watts.
But with its high cost, residents have to think about how to maintain efficiency for a longer time. Since no one can insure themselves against acts of hooliganism, one has to make additional expenses by purchasing anti-vandal lamps.
In order for electricity to be spent in less quantity and the lighting to last for a long time, you have to think not only about changing lamps, but also cartridges. A light sensor and a microphone are mounted in energy-saving cartridges.
When there is footstep noise, the light automatically turns on, and when they subside, it turns off. The same process occurs with a decrease or increase in natural lighting in the entrance of a residential building.
Courtyard of an apartment building and its lighting
In order to prevent accidents, it is important Street lights, installed above the plate with the house number, as well as at the very entrance.
Light enables each person to secure his life. Residents of an apartment building can choose to use motion-sensing lights for use in the yard, which will significantly save their budget.
Installation of this type of lighting will not require additional costs, except for the purchase of the lamp itself and the selected type of lamps.
Electricity consumption will be controlled by a motion sensor. This option is not suitable if there is constant movement in the courtyard of an apartment building.
It can be:
- Cats;
- Dogs;
- Walking youth;
- If the yard is a roadway to other residential premises;
- If your house is located near the railroad.
Light with a motion sensor in the entrance of an apartment building
Lamps with a motion sensor, especially in stairwells, are one of the ways to save the financial situation of each of those living in a high-rise building.
The light turns on only when a person approaches the maximum distance from the motion sensor (specified in the accompanying documents).
Some residents, while installing motion-sensing lights, also install CCTV cameras. At the first stage, this causes additional material investments, but in the future it allows you to secure your life.
The light emanating from lamps with a motion sensor can scare even the most hardened thief in the first seconds.
In this case, even the use of incandescent lamps will be financially justified for the following reasons:
- They have the property of instant inclusion;
- Provide sufficient illumination of stairwells in response to movement;
- Installation does not require special skills;
- The light of the lamps complies with the standards imposed by SanPin.
The choice of lamps for lighting the entrance is carried out by voting of the inhabitants of the entrance.
Luminaires for anti-vandal type entrances
An important point is that the lamps located in the entrances must comply with the standards of permissible lighting. This allows you to save the eyesight of each resident, and when using CCTV cameras, fix the troublemakers.
Lighting equipment used in entrances must be vandal-proof. Light should illuminate not only the site, but also affect all the ways of human movement.
Remember that only by installing an anti-vandal type lamp can you protect yourself from additional material costs.
It is important to know.
- Each resident of a high-rise building has the right to vote at the meeting for any method of lighting acceptable to him;
- Insufficient light can be detrimental to your health;
- All escape routes must be in full working order in terms of light resolution in accordance with regulatory documents.
