One of the primary tasks that is solved at the stage of construction or repair of commercial and private housing is its insulation. Today it is a question not so much of comfort, how much economy on expensive energy carriers. Therefore, all kinds of insulation for walls, which are used inside and outside buildings, are more relevant than ever.
Market of heat-insulating materials
The modern market of heat-insulating materials demonstrates high growth rates. The reason is the proven efficiency of using energy-saving technologies, which allows saving up to 40% on heating resources. This problem is usually solved in a complex way, but one of milestones invariably is the thermal insulation of walls and facades with such materials:
- mineral and glass wool;
- cellulose insulation;
- expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
- fibrolite;
- liquid ceramic insulation;
- cork and other materials.
When choosing insulation for walls, buyers pay attention to thermal conductivity, the cost per unit area, the complexity of installation and performance.
Mineral wool is an affordable and popular insulation. This is a material with a chaotic fibrous structure, obtained by melting igneous and metamorphic rocks. Mineral wool is used for insulation frame structures and walls designed for different degrees of load, contours of structures and structures. Its advantages:
- high resistance to fire;
- low thermal conductivity;
- biological and chemical stability;
- soundproofing of rooms;
- the ability to repel moisture without saturation with it (hydrophobicity);
- mechanical strength;
- resistance to temperature deformation;
- ease of installation.
And now about the minuses of mineral wool. This insulation contains in its composition harmful components that adversely affect the human body. Respiratory organs, skin and mucous membranes are especially susceptible to them. Phenol in mineral wool, which the walls are insulated with, causes nausea, weakness and headaches. In order to prevent the harmful effects of this building material, it is isolated from direct contact with the air circulating in the room.
Properties and characteristics of glass wool
Glass wool is a type mineral insulation. In its production, waste from the glass industry is used. Glass wool consists entirely of fibrous inclusions and is characterized by high elasticity, strength and vibration resistance. Its thermal conductivity varies from 0.030 to 0.052 W/(m K).
Glass wool is commercially available in the form of mats and rolls. Thanks to the rolled or compressed form pressing technology, it takes up a small volume, which simplifies its transportation, storage and installation on a construction site. Glass wool properties:
- high soundproofing ability;
- mechanical strength;
- flexibility and elasticity;
- resistance to mold and mildew;
- environmental Safety.
The main drawback of glass wool is the need to strictly observe personal safety precautions when working with it. Thin and sharp fibers are prone to brittleness, and when they get on the skin or mucous membranes, they cause irritation, injuring them. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the walls with glass wool in overalls that do not leave open areas of the body (the use of gloves is mandatory!).
Properties and characteristics of cellulose insulation
Ecowool, or cellulose insulation, is loose and light insulating material, which cover walls, roofs, partitions and individual structures. 80% of its composition is occupied by paper waste (recycled waste paper), the rest is boric acid or borax, which provides a low burning ability.
The popularity of cellulose as a heater is due to its affordable cost and environmental friendliness (it gives a second life to the waste that litters the planet). Its main characteristics:
- density - 30-65 kg / m 3;
- thermal conductivity - 0.032-0.041 W / (m K);
- vapor permeability - 0.3 mg/(m h Pa);
- sound absorption - 36-45 dB.
Cellulose does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it, has low air permeability, is hypoallergenic and hygienic. During installation, it fills the available hollow spaces, forming a seamless covering on the wall. When laying with a dry method, you can work with sub-zero temperature.
Benefits of Styrofoam
Expanded polystyrene is a synthetic gas-filled material based on polystyrene, which is foamed with vapors of low-boiling liquids. It looks like a huge amount of fine-mesh granules sintered together. The higher the density of the material, the more durable it is. Other properties of Styrofoam for wall insulation:
- low thermal conductivity - 0.028-0.034 W / (m K);
- mechanical strength;
- chemical and biological stability;
- low vapor and moisture permeability;
- ability to sound absorption;
- long term operation (up to 30 years).
Extruded polystyrene foam: properties and characteristics
Extruded polystyrene foam for walls has the same structure as pressed one, but at the same time, closed pores are smaller - 0.1-0.2 mm. The main thing that distinguishes these two materials is the manufacturing technology of the pellets. Because of it, extruded polystyrene foam received less flexibility and a margin of safety than the foamed variety, a different vapor permeability - 0.013 mg / (m h Pa), but retained high thermal conductivity - 0.029-0.034 W / (m K).
Properties and characteristics of fibrolite
Fibrolit - a heater in the form of plates made of wood fibers and binders. The section shows a base made of natural fibers and a layer of Portland cement (60 and 40%, respectively). Characteristics of fiberboard for walls:
- thermal conductivity - 0.08-0.1 W / (m K);
- humidity - up to 20%;
- water absorption - 35-40%;
- bending strength - 0.5-1.3 MPa.
Fiberboard is a non-combustible insulation, provides excellent sound insulation, does not rot, it is not affected by fungus and mold, and the service life is up to 60 years.
Environmentally friendly cork materials
If choose ecological insulation for walls, you should pay attention to cork materials. They are 100% natural, as they are extracted from oak bark. The structure of the cork sheet resembles microcells that are filled with gases.
The heat transfer coefficient of the cork is 0.043-0.050 W/(m·K). The insulation does not burn, does not rot and does not absorb foreign odors. It withstands temperature changes, absorbs sounds and vibrations, easily fits on the wall without special knowledge and tools.
Liquid ceramic insulation: properties and characteristics
Liquid ceramic insulation is a modern insulation in the form of a liquid suspension-foam. This is an innovative product that replaces classic solutions to reduce heat loss through walls. The coating is flexible and dense, evenly fills the available cavities. Maximum effect thermal insulation is achieved due to the vacuum in the micro-cavities of the substance.
Advantages of liquid ceramic insulation as wall insulation:
- high anti-corrosion properties;
- durability (up to 15 years);
- wide operating temperature range;
- thermal expansion flexibility;
- ease of application;
- environmental friendliness.
liquid foam Made from a polymer resin that hardens in air. For its application it is necessary to use special equipment. This is a practical and inexpensive option to reduce heat loss through walls, roofs or foundations. Liquid foam has the following properties:
- excellent adhesion with any surfaces and materials;
- minimal preparation of the base (cleaning and draining the wall);
- high vapor permeability;
- absence overpressure after drying;
- easy application and removal of excess.
Liquid Styrofoam is ideal as insulation for horizontal and sloping surfaces, but also works well in wall insulation.
The need for wall insulation is a consequence of the wrong choice of materials, non-compliance with technology when construction work or design errors.
One way or another, the problems that have arisen must be solved, and this should be done as soon as possible, until the processes of swelling and destruction of the walls from moisture have gone too far. The first step should be to study the problem, understanding the impacts that need to be stopped (ideally eliminated).
Only after that it is necessary to carry out the necessary operations that can solve the issues that have arisen and regulate the heat exchange at home, eliminate processes that destroy wall material.
The choice between external and internal insulation, with equal possibilities of both methods, should definitely be taken in favor of the external one. From a physical point of view, only it can be denoted by the term "insulation", internal insulation is, rather, a cut-off of walls from contact with warm, moist air.
At the same time, if the insulation is located, then the wall receives heat from the inside, which is why it cools less and does not have a temperature that contributes to the condensation of water vapor. With an internal location, the insulation becomes an obstacle that does not allow heat to pass out.
At the same time, the wall is able to cool down to almost complete equalization of temperatures on both sides, losing its heat-insulating properties and remaining only a mechanical barrier to external influences.
Dew point
Such use external walls unproductive, besides the dew point moves to the line of contact of the insulation with the wall, causing abundant condensation of moisture. Such a disadvantage is a frequent consequence of illiterate actions during internal insulation, moreover, the consequences are not immediately noticeable.
Internal insulation is done for two reasons:
- In addition to the outside.
- If it is impossible to carry out work outside - there is no access, technical conditions or rules do not allow, etc.
If there is no other way out and work is possible only from the inside, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the occurrence of condensate and eliminate them with maximum efficiency. First of all, you should remember the basic rule internal insulation:
The vapor permeability of materials, regardless of the number of layers in the cake, should follow in descending order.
This means that the material of the insulation must be a stronger vapor barrier than the material of the wall. This condition makes it possible to withdraw the steam that has passed through the thickness of the insulation to the outside.
Otherwise, the steam will condense on the surface of the wall (which happens most often). The problem is that the presence of insulation does not allow the wall to come into contact with warm internal air, it does not heat up and the steam immediately begins to condense upon contact with a cold wall.
Comparison of thermal insulation characteristics of materials
No measures other than effective vapor protection work here, and the density of the vapor barrier layer should tend to absolute. No matter how gradual the accumulation of moisture, sooner or later it will be enough to start destructive processes - several cycles of freezing and thawing can turn the most durable material into dust.
From this follows the conclusion - to enhance vapor protection, it is necessary to use the most suitable insulation.
Materials for thermal insulation of walls from the inside
Not every heater is suitable for internal insulation. From should have a set of properties that ensure the fulfillment of the tasks:
- Low vapor permeability.
- Lack of ability to absorb moisture.
- Absence of emissions harmful to human health.
- The ability to keep the shape, rigidity.
These properties are more inherent in such types of heaters:
- Glass wool.
- Ecowool, cellulose.
The materials are not listed in random order, but in order of effectiveness and frequency of use.
Styrofoam
The record holder for application by a wide margin is polystyrene foam (PPS). It has such positive qualities:
- Light weight.
- Low vapor permeability.
- Rigid structure, plates have clear dimensions.
- Easily processed.
- Practically does not absorb water.
- The cheapest heater.
The combination of such properties rightfully distinguishes it among the leaders. Unfortunately, the material crumbles a lot and is afraid of fire.
Styrofoam
Extruded polystyrene foam
Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) — chemically similar to styrofoam, but structurally different due to manufacturing method.
In terms of its properties, it even surpasses polystyrene:
- Absolutely impervious to steam and water.
- More rigid, does not crumble.
- High heat resistance.
At the same time, it costs significantly more than a regular teaching staff, which reduces its competitiveness.
polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is a material that has all the necessary qualities for internal insulation:
- Tight contact with the wall.
- Does not let moisture or steam through.
- It has no organics - does not rot, does not emit hazardous substances.
Wherein, the use of polyurethane foam is limited, since its application requires special equipment and skilled workers, plus, when applied, polyurethane foam emits toxic fumes. In addition, the price of the insulation itself, plus the cost of work, sharply reduce its demand.
polyurethane foam
Mineral wool
Mineral wool, glass wool, ecowool, cellulose - traditional materials, for internal insulation they are of little use. Nevertheless, they are used quite often, which is due to the low theoretical knowledge of users and adherence to stereotypes.
The qualities of these materials, good in other cases, lose their effect - any type of cotton wool has a fibrous structure, which helps to absorb moisture. No rigidity required, high vapor permeability. For internal insulation, such materials are not recommended.
Wetting of the insulation can be stopped by installing a special vapor barrier film, which will not only protect the material from the penetration of water vapor, but will prevent harmful mineral dust from entering the room.
Mineral wool
What insulation is best for insulating walls from the inside?
NOTE!
The most effective heaters - Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam. They combine all the most valuable properties both for insulating materials in general and for the specifics under consideration.
by the most useful property is vapor permeability. Styrofoam consists of soldered granules, each of which is a sealed capsule with gas bubbles. A small absorption of water is possible only through the capillaries between the granules, but its value is very small.
What's better?
XPS is a foam material consisting of a single array of substance. It is impervious to neither steam nor water, there is absolutely no absorption. If the size of the insulated surface is not too large, then the best choice will become EPPS.
How to avoid problems of internal insulation?
To avoid internal problems insulation, it is necessary to determine the mode of operation of the wall cake and find the location of the dew point.
Ideally, it should be located either inside the wall, or, somewhat worse, inside the insulation.
If the dew point is at the border of two materials, then sooner or later condensate will appear due to a small penetration of vapors through the side walls, through the insulation, loose areas of vapor barrier, etc.
This situation becomes possible with a large thickness of the insulation (a complete cut-off of the wall from internal heat) or with its low vapor permeability (due to the wrong choice of material).
To resolve the issue, several recommendations can be made:
- Thermal insulation thickness. Do not use insulation thicker than 50 mm.
- Choose only vapor-tight materials, forming the most hermetic layer.
- Organize effective ventilation premises. This item is desirable in any case, since the removal of supersaturated air with steam reduces the partial pressure and the intensity of the effect of steam on the materials of the wall and insulation. When there is nothing to condense, the issue is resolved automatically.
- When installing the heater, proceed carefully, do not skip sections, do not create gaps. It is especially important to tightly wrap the window opening in the areas of slopes, window sill and upper cut. The side walls are also a source of steam, penetration through them, although to a lesser extent, does occur. Ideally, the whole room should be isolated, but this is not always possible.
CAREFULLY!
Window block - a source of steam penetration. It has a lot of slots and gaps along the perimeter between the wall and the box. Before installing the insulation, the slopes and the window sill should be removed and all doubtful places should be carefully filled with mounting foam.
To equalize the steam load, it is possible to prime all (not only external) walls with special compounds that reduce the passage of steam through the wall material. This is especially important for loose porous materials prone to moisture absorption.
Is an internal vapor barrier necessary?
The need for internal vapor barrier is undeniable. Almost the whole point of internal insulation is to create an airtight boundary between the steam-saturated air and the wall.
At the same time, if the insulation itself is a good vapor barrier (like PPS or EPS), then the presence of a separate layer of rolled vapor barrier is not necessary, especially if there is effective supply and exhaust ventilation.
However, to insure against possible microscopic cracks, gaps or other cavities in the insulation, as well as to cut off adjacent walls, an additional layer of vapor protection is often installed.
If a looser material that allows steam to pass through is used as a heater, then the presence of a full-fledged vapor barrier is mandatory. Attempts to do without it will nullify the whole idea of \u200b\u200binsulating the wall - it will get wet, condensate will saturate the insulation, which will stop it from retaining heat, turning into a moisture accumulator. At this time, the material of the wall will get wet, freeze and from this actively collapse.
Internal insulation significantly loses in efficiency to the external method, and is used only as an additional measure. As an independent measure, such a technique is doubtful and requires an understanding of the dynamics of the processes occurring in the wall cake at different temperatures and in different time of the year.
wall pie
The effect of such a technique often requires a lot of experimentation and changes, which in practice means constant repairs. Therefore, you should act very carefully and carefully in order to try to achieve the desired result on the first try.
In contact with
Insulation for the internal walls of the house is enough actual question for suburban buildings, because their walls are usually quite thin and poorly retain heat. To reduce heating costs country house, it is necessary to properly insulate the structure. If external insulation is not possible according to design features buildings, the thermal insulation is made from the inside. When choosing a heater for walls inside a house in a country house, not only the price of the material is taken into account, but also its characteristics, installation features.
The choice of heaters for internal works huge, but not all materials can be used for thermal insulation of walls Source strodom.ru
Advantages and disadvantages of internal insulation
This type of insulation has several disadvantages:
- Due to the size of the insulation, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room is reduced - for small rooms this is especially critical.
- Due to the displacement of the dew point (condensate), if the technology is not followed, condensation and mold may appear on the walls.
- The premises may not be used during work.
- Cheap wall insulation can adversely affect human health.
But it is this method that many prefer, which is explained by the positive aspects of internal insulation:
- Work can be carried out regardless of weather conditions, which allows you to warm the room several times faster.
- The technology of internal insulation is cheaper than external.
- It becomes possible to align the walls and change the interior of the room.
The shift of the dew point during internal wall insulation leads to the accumulation of condensate Source sovet-ingenera.com
The formation of condensation on the walls is the main problem of internal insulation. There are several methods to solve it:
- use a high-quality vapor barrier membrane;
- choose a heat-insulating material with a minimum thermal conductivity;
- as finishing material it is better to use moisture resistant drywall;
- organize additional ventilation in the room.
How to choose the right heater
The choice of heat-insulating material is influenced by the characteristics of the room and the budget for the upcoming work.
Most often used for interior work:
- mineral wool;
- Styrofoam;
- penoplex;
- ecowool;
- sprayed materials.
When choosing a material for internal insulation country house a number of parameters should be taken into account:
- Thermal conductivity of the insulation- the lower this indicator, the better.
- Frost resistance- cottage buildings are not heated constantly in winter, so low temperatures will inevitably affect the insulation.
- Durability- having saved on insulation, you may be faced with the need to replace the heat insulator after 4–5 years.
- Environmental friendliness- the material for internal insulation should not emit harmful substances.
In addition, the compatibility of the insulation with the material from which the walls are made is also taken into account. The calculation of the thickness of the insulation is carried out based on the thermal conductivity of the material itself, as well as the thickness and type of the walls to be insulated.
Often there is a temptation to choose the cheapest insulation for walls inside the house in the country, not really delving into the study of its characteristics and carrying out preliminary calculations. This approach leads to disappointment with the results of thermal insulation, the appearance of additional problems in the form of mold, fungus, and condensate.
The main problem with improper internal insulation is mold formation Source alayam.com
But it also makes no sense to purchase the most expensive insulation, to make several additional layers to insulate walls in the country. To find the golden mean, to make competent calculations will help professionals who encounter such work regularly. A competent choice of insulation for interior work, compliance with technology - that's real way save.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool for wall insulation inside the house is one of the most popular and common materials.
Mineral wool is the most popular material for insulation Source eurodach.lutsk.ua
It is a fibrous material. The fibers are formed by pulverizing certain types of slag or basalt. Thanks to this production technology, the material is environmentally friendly, natural.
Properties of mineral wool
Cotton wool does not burn, which is important when used in wooden houses.
Characteristics different types mineral wool Source pro-uteplenie.ru
This heater has several other advantages:
- Resistance to biological organisms. Does not promote the formation of fungus and mold.
- Good soundproof characteristics. Randomly superimposed fibers of mineral wool perfectly delay sound waves.
- It is not subject to shrinkage, which retains the properties of this type of insulation throughout the entire service life.
- The ability to pass air, which allows you to maintain a healthy microclimate in the room.
The correct functioning of the insulation is possible only in combination with additional moisture insulating materials. When exposed to water, mineral wool loses some of its thermal insulation properties. Over time, mineral wool is able to disintegrate into fibers, which requires replacement of the heat insulator
It should be borne in mind that mice and other small rodents can arrange nests and passages in glass wool. That's why country house before insulation must be protected from rodents.
Mice have chosen glass wool for nesting Source ecousadba.org
Features of mineral wool insulation: the need for additional materials
It is necessary to work with cotton using personal protective equipment - small particles of fibers can get on the mucous membranes and cause irritation.
With such insulation, the finishing material for wall decoration is drywall. For its fastening to the wall, a metal profile and suspensions are used. Warming is carried out in the following order:
- Waterproofing is fixed on the wall - any will do roll material. By using construction stapler waterproofing is attached to the wall, at the joints the material is laid with an overlap of about 15 cm.
- Vertical markings are applied to the wall in increments of 60 cm for the convenience of attaching drywall sheets (its standard width is 120 cm).
- After marking, metal suspensions are attached to the wall - dowel-nails are used for this.
- Mineral wool is put on suspensions, the entire wall is consistently filled.
- After that, metal profiles are attached to the suspensions, and a vapor barrier film is attached to them.
- With the help of self-tapping screws, drywall sheets are attached, the joints are puttied.
The result is an insulated wall, ready for fine finish. It can be both puttying and painting, and wallpapering.
The cost of mineral wool
Mineral wool is a relatively cheap insulation. Sold in slabs or rolls. Standard sizes plates:
- 800x600 mm;
- 1000x600 mm;
- 1 200x600 mm;
- 1170x610 mm;
- 1250x610 mm.
The material in rolls can be selected in various lengths - from 5 to 12 m.
Cost per 1 sq. m of mineral wool is:
- 50 mm thick - from 50 to 100 rubles;
- 100 mm thick - from 105 to 210 rubles.
When choosing mineral wool, it is necessary to take into account not only the dimensions of the plates, the thickness of the insulation, but also the need for additional materials necessary for carrying out installation work.
Styrofoam
Budget material, almost 98% air. 2% falls on the main component of raw materials - polystyrene. It can be used as a heater for walls outside the house in the country and from the inside.
Specifications polystyrene Source probalcony.ru
Properties and advantages of foam
Among the advantages of this material:
- Versatility and ease of installation. This material is used for insulation of any structures. It is easy to cut, installation does not take much time.
- Low price. One of the cheapest heaters.
- Safety. During operation, it does not form dust and harmful fumes. You can work with it without protective equipment.
However, the foam combustible material, in direct contact with fire, the sheets light up easily, and the release of harmful substances begins.
Advice! Insulate with foam wooden buildings undesirable.
Does not pass steam, practically does not absorb moisture. A significant disadvantage is the attractiveness for rodents. Rats and mice easily make moves in foam plastic, equip holes.
One of the disadvantages of polystyrene is flammability Source depstroi.ru
Features of wall insulation with foam
Instead of guides metal profiles can be used wooden bars. This method is very convenient when working with foam. The thickness of the foam sheet should be equal to the thickness of the bars, which will be guides for attaching insulation between them.
Depending on the width of the foam, the step of fixing the bars to the wall is selected. Waterproofing is fixed on the surface of the entire resulting structure. Styrofoam sheets are tightly inserted into the resulting recesses between the timber - this avoids additional fixation. If necessary, the joints are filled with mounting foam.
Video description
In this video, we will dwell on the insulation of the house with foam plastic. How safe is polystyrene foam:
After filling the entire wall with insulation, it is closed with a protective vapor barrier. Plywood sheets are fixed on top, the joints are puttied - the surface is ready for finishing.
Wall insulated with foam plastic Source stroyday.ru
Cost, foam dimensions
Standard sizes of foam sheets:
- 1000x600 mm;
- 1200x600 mm.
The thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. The cost of foam depends on the density of the material, manufacturer and region.
You can buy foam plastic 50 mm thick in Moscow from 50 rubles per 1 sq. m.
Extruded polystyrene foam
Thermal insulation material, the basis of which is polystyrene, as in polystyrene. But thanks to the manufacturing technology, penoplex, technolex and other similar materials have better performance characteristics than their counterparts.
Comparison of the characteristics of foam and extruded polystyrene foam Source klub-masterov.ru
Main advantages:
- perfectly retains heat in the room;
- due to its small thickness, when insulating walls inside the room, it practically does not reduce the usable area;
- light weight and ease of installation - properties similar to foam;
- environmental friendliness - does not emit toxic substances and does not require protective equipment during installation work;
- availability - the material is relatively inexpensive.
This material is universal, used as insulation for walls outside the house in the country, from the inside, for the floor and ceiling.
Video description
The video shows tests of foam for strength, fire safety in real conditions:
Foam insulation
Another popular insulation for walls inside the house is penoplex, the price and quality of which attract buyers with its good ratio.
This material can be attached to the wall without additional preparation. It does not need waterproofing, since it does not let water through, but some experts argue that the film will not be superfluous. Due to its small thickness, it can be fastened with glue or dowels of nails with large caps. After filling the wall with insulation, it is plastered.
This heating method is suitable for smooth walls. If there is a need to level the plane, then you can not do without guides.
Walls insulated with foam Source market.sakh.com
Penoplex cost
Standard dimensions of extruded polystyrene foam sheets:
- 1200x600mm;
- 1185x585 mm;
- 1180x580 mm;
- 1180x600 mm;
- 2360x580 mm;
- 2500x600 mm.
Insulation thickness - from 10 to 100 mm (depending on the brand of material).
The price of a package of insulation depends on the size, thickness of the material, the manufacturer and the number of boards in the package.
For example, Penoplex Comfort will cost:
- 1254 rubles for 18 plates measuring 1185x585x20 mm;
- 1252 rubles for 12 sheets - 1185x585x30 mm;
- 1234 rubles for 9 plates - 1200x600x40 mm.
Ecowool
Cellulose-based insulation, which is made from waste paper and paper waste. The bulk of the insulation is 80% cellulose fiber. There are additives that prevent combustion and reproduction of microorganisms - boric acid and borax. These additives are practically not harmful to humans.
Ecowool is a safe insulation Source deal.by
Ecowool is a good heat-insulating material, which with its properties is practically not inferior to others. But it has much more significant shortcomings:
- Loss of thermal insulation properties over time - ecowool is subject to shrinkage.
- Costly installation. Spraying is carried out with special equipment. Basic skills in working with the material are required to obtain the correct layer of insulation.
Application features
For insulation with ecowool, various technologies are used:
- dry backfill;
- wet spraying;
- wet adhesive plaster.
Each method has its own characteristics. For wall insulation, the wet method is most often used, which requires the use of special equipment, as well as an adhesive.
The use of special equipment for working with ecowool Source chrome-effect.ru
Ecowool cost
Ecowool is packaged in sealed bags of 13–15 kg. The price for 1 kg of insulation is 30–40 rubles.
But the material consumption depends not only on the desired thickness of the heat-insulating layer, but also on the skills of the performer, compliance with the insulation technology.
Issue price
Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are the most budgetary insulation for walls inside the house, the price will depend on the size of the area to be insulated and the method of installation of the insulation. Penoplex is a more expensive material, but you can not build a frame to attach it to the walls.
It is not easy to choose the type, size, thickness of insulation without certain experience and knowledge. Source ursgroup.ru
The process of insulation with mineral wool and foam plastic is almost identical, and foam plastic can compensate for its price with economical installation work.
The price of ecowool is small, but thermal insulation works will require the use of special equipment, which will increase costs.
Conclusion
The choice of insulation method and materials depends on many factors. Before starting work, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons between internal and external insulation, consider which heat-insulating material is suitable in a particular case, determine the thickness of the insulation, and the need for additional materials. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust the purchase of insulation to a competent contractor who will take into account all the features of the internal insulation technology and the wishes of the customer.
Modern heaters developed with the help of the latest technologies, are used in construction to isolate the internal space of the house. The material "saves" from the winter cold, keeping the room warm, and from the summer heat, delaying coolness.
Each type of new materials has its own application technology. You need to check it out when buying. Depending on the composition, there are three groups of surface heaters.
Organic. They insulate houses with moderate humidity and, most often, only with inside premises.
This group is represented by the following types:
- woody;
- Linen;
- Cork;
- Sea grass.
Inorganic. Suitable for insulating the walls of the house from the street and from the inside:
- Mineral insulation (the most popular are mineral wool and slabs);
- Basalt fiber;
- Fiberglass;
- Cellular concrete;
- Styrofoam;
- Polyethylene foam.
Mixed. These heaters are represented by a composition of organic and inorganic elements. Representatives of the group - materials from rocks:
- Perlite;
- Asbestos;
- Vermiculite etc.
perlite insulation
Note! Thanks to the use of new technologies, the developed heaters are ergonomic and environmentally friendly.
A wide variety of new insulation materials are used in construction. What parameters you need to pay attention to when choosing, discussed below.
Modern thermal insulation materials are characterized by the following properties:
- Thermal conductivity;
- Degree of porosity;
- The degree of strength;
- Steam permeability index;
- Degree of water absorption;
- Resistance to biological processes;
- Fire resistance;
- Resistance to temperature changes;
- Heat capacity indicator.
The thermal conductivity parameter of the insulating material depends on other properties - the amount of moisture, the degree of strength and porosity, temperature and structure. It indicates how much total heat will pass through the surface. The heat conductivity indicator is calculated taking into account a certain footage and time (heating through 1m2 of material per hour).
In construction, the parameter of the porosity of the insulation is important, since the further functionality of the material depends on its degree.
There are the following types of pores:
- open;
- closed;
- Large;
- Small.
When choosing a heater, you need to pay attention to the strength parameter. Its minimum and maximum limits are 0.2 and 2.5 MPa. This is especially true when transporting material. The high strength index will protect the surface from different kind damage.
Measuring the degree of vapor permeability will indicate the amount of its penetration - through 1m2 of insulation per hour. The correct calculation assumes the same temperature indicator on the inside and outside of the walls (despite the fact that they differ).
In rainy areas, a high moisture absorption rate of the insulation is required. In this case, preference should be given to new materials with moisture-repellent elements in the composition, for example, mineral wool. The following parameter depends on the degree of moisture absorption.
The higher the degree of protection against moisture of the material, the stronger its resistance to biological processes. Mold, microorganisms, insects, etc. destroy the structure of the coating. Therefore, the insulation must have the property of protection against these processes.
Fire resistance is an important parameter for the safety of insulation, developed according to modern technology. You need to choose a material with a high degree of fire protection.
At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to generally accepted fire safety indicators:
- The ability of the material to ignite;
- combustibility;
- Smoke formation;
- The level of toxicity.
Resistance to temperature changes is important in all climatic conditions. This option is presented limit. Under its influence, the structure of the thermal coating will begin to collapse.
The heat capacity parameter indicates the ability of the insulation to withstand the influence of low temperatures. This is especially important for cold areas. A good new insulation is frozen and thawed without disturbing the structure.
9 popular materials: advantages and disadvantages of the best heaters
The market for insulating materials is represented by a huge variety of assortment. The most commonly used types are listed below.
This is a fibrous material. Of all types of heaters, it is the most popular, since the technology for its application is simple, and the price is low.
Advantages:
- fire resistance;
- Good noise isolation;
- Frost resistance;
- Great porosity.
Flaws:
- When in contact with moisture, the heat retention properties are reduced;
- Little strength;
- Application requires additional material- films.
Manufacturing technology implies a similar composition with glass. Hence the name of the material. Advantages:
- Great soundproofing;
- High strength;
- Moisture protection;
- Resistance to high temperatures.
Flaws:
- Short service life;
- Less thermal insulation;
- Formaldehyde in the composition (not all).
For the manufacture of this material, glass powder and gas-forming elements are used in production. Pros:
- Waterproof;
- Frost resistance;
- High resistance to fire.
- High price;
- Air impermeability.
cellulose wadding
This material is also called ecowool, it has a granular structure, the cost is small. Advantages:
- Good heat insulation;
- Distribution of material in the gap;
- Moisture exchange without violations of the structure and properties.
Flaws:
- Combustible;
- Low level of strength;
- Laborious application.
Cork
Its high prevalence is due to the environmentally friendly composition. The material has a significant drawback - high cost. Advantages:
- Light weight;
- Resistance to biological processes;
- The level of strength is high;
- Incombustibility.
The material is produced in two ways - with or without a press. The structure is medium grained. Pros:
- Great thermal insulation;
- Waterproof;
- Low price.
- Flammable;
- Air impermeability;
- Structural damage during freezing.
The structure of this material is small capsules, inside them is air. Advantages:
- Elastic;
- Gets into bumps well;
- Possesses resistance to biological processes;
- Large temperature range.
Flaws:
- Air does not pass;
- It burns, highlighting dangerous elements;
- Application requires special equipment.
In the manufacture of the material, the pressing method is used. The structure is homogeneous, it is a small cell with gas inside. Advantages:
- The highest strength;
- Long service life;
- Repels moisture.
Flaws:
- Combustible;
- Airtight.
Considered the best liquid modern insulation material. It consists of empty small ceramic balls. Special substances serve as cohesion for them. Pros:
- Ease of application (sprayed or applied with a brush);
- The thinness of the applied layer;
- fire resistance;
- Exposure to temperature fluctuations;
- Profitability (500 g per 1 m2).
Note! There is no material to use in all cases. To choose a good insulation, you need to consider many individual factors premises.
When buying a heat-insulating material, one should take into account the main parameters of the surface on which it will be applied, the conditions of use and the climatic situation.
