Chrysanthemums are delicate and surprisingly unpretentious autumn flowers that adorn the garden until the very snow and delight the eye. Caring for chrysanthemums is simple - planting, watering, feeding, but there are some points you need to know so that your flowers show their brightest colors.
There are more than 650 varieties of chrysanthemums, which are divided into 13 groups according to the type and shape of the inflorescence. But, despite such an abundance of varieties, caring for them is not much different.
Let's start by choosing a landing site. Chrysanthemums love warmth and bright sun. This does not mean that they will not bloom in partial shade, but the flowering will not be so lush and bright. In addition, these flowers are very sensitive to photoperiodism, that is, the alternation of dark night and bright day is very important for them. Therefore, you should not plant them next to garden lanterns. The rhythm of the plant may go astray, and flowering may not occur.
The soil for chrysanthemums should be loose and moist, since the root system of these flowers is very branchy, but close to the surface, and insufficient watering leads to the death of the roots, and hence the weakening of the plant. However, it's not worth spilling. Loosen the ground carefully so as not to damage the roots.
Feed adult plants throughout the season. For the first time in the spring, immediately after the appearance of the first leaves, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to increase the green mass and the growth of the stems, the second time - during the formation of buds, they are fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. You can add mullein from time to time if the soil is poor, but you should not get carried away. Amateur gardeners say that it is better to underfill manure than overfill it. This is a good fertilizer, and ideal for chrysanthemums, but if you don't guess with the concentration, the plant will die.
Chrysanthemum propagation
Chrysanthemum does not throw out seeds well, but on the other hand it divides root shoots perfectly. Usually these shoots are divided in April-May, when there is no danger of frost. At the same time, an adult plant is transplanted to a new place. More three years it is not recommended to keep the chrysanthemum in one place, otherwise it will weaken and bloom worse.
Reproduction by shoots
Dig up a bush, shake off the earth from it, and you will see a lot of young shoots on the roots.
With secateurs or scissors, separate them from the parent plant, dig a small trench, fertilize it with peat and rotted manure, and plant these shoots in a row directly into the ground or into peat cups.
For the first time, it is better to shade the sprouts with a cloth or a dark film. Do not forget about the regular moistening of the soil. When the sprouts are well rooted, you need to pinch, leaving 4 leaves on the sprout.
This is necessary for the growth of side shoots. When side shoots grow back, you need to pinch them.
More than two pinches should not be produced, you can overdo it, and the plant simply does not have time to throw out the buds and bloom.
Large bouquet chrysanthemums are grown in one or three stems. At the same time, side shoots are regularly plucked, leaving the straightest and strongest.
Ball chrysanthemum (multiflora) does not need pinching, nature itself and decades of work of breeders have already taken care of it. breeds ball chrysanthemum cuttings.
Reproduction by cuttings
It happens that you were presented with a bouquet of incredibly beautiful chrysanthemums, and you want to plant exactly the same ones in your flower garden, but you don’t know the name of the variety. How to be here? With chrysanthemums, everything is simple - wait until the flowers in the bouquet begin to fade, cut the stem into cuttings of 10-12 cm, and put in a jar of water.
To disinfect water, put activated carbon in a jar, for 0.5 liters of water - 1 tablet of coal. You can wait for the roots to appear in the jar or plant the cuttings in a peat mixture. For the speedy formation of roots, you can use Kornevin. Although the chrysanthemum does not really need it, and under normal conditions, the roots appear in two weeks.
Wintering
Chrysanthemums are frost-resistant plants, with the exception of greenhouse bouquet varieties, so if you have ordinary garden small-flowered chrysanthemums, there is no need to dig up bushes for the winter. But still they can not be left as is, be sure to insulate the roots. After the last flower has withered, we cut off the stem with a pruner, leaving stumps 10-15 centimeters above the ground, mulch the ground with peat and rotten leaves, and completely cover the plant with this mixture. Top can be covered with straw or spruce branches. In no case do not use a film, the roots of the plant can simply rot and rot.
If you still decide to play it safe and not leave flowers in open field, then take care of the place where you will store the bush in winter. It should be a dark room, where the temperature will not exceed +4...+6 °C, with moderate humidity. Dig up a plant with a clod of earth, wrap the root with a damp cloth, put it in a box, cover it with a cloth on top as well. Check them regularly and make sure that the earthen ball does not dry out.
It can be very disappointing when you take care of chrysanthemum all summer long, wait for autumn to enjoy the beauty, but cold autumn with night frosts breaks all hopes, and the buds remain unopened.
In this case, you need not to delay, but immediately dig up a bush, transplant it into a suitable pot and bring it into the house. Then the chrysanthemum blooms and throws out more and more flowers, and so on until the New Year.
But you need to stop in time and still give the plant a rest and gain strength for the next flowering. That is, cut off all the branches, cover it well and take it out to an unheated room for "hibernation".
To decorate the site, choose low small-colored chrysanthemums. Be sure to ask the seller to what size the flowers you have chosen will grow, and what is the period of their flowering. To decorate a flower garden, it is better to use korean chrysanthemums. They begin to bloom from July, and with regular removal of wilted flowers, their flowering can be extended up to 4 months.
What can chrysanthemums be combined with? Yes, with anything, they are unpretentious and will withstand any neighborhood. However, they are good on their own, and to emphasize this beauty, evergreen junipers, ornamental cabbage, or even simple lawn grass. Whatever you plant chrysanthemums with, they will not get lost and will not go unnoticed. After all, chrysanthemum is the queen among flowers.
Hello! Every year you have to spend a lot of effort on planting a spherical chrysanthemum on country flower beds. They say it can survive the winter? If so, please tell us more about this. amazing flower, like a spherical chrysanthemum - wintering in the open field, preparation, etc.
Chrysanthemum - favorite plant many gardeners. Because of her beauty, they are ready to spend a lot of time and effort. And, indeed, chrysanthemum can overwinter in the open field. Depending on the variety, they easily endure wintering not only in the south, but also in middle lane our country. Of course, in order for a plant such as a spherical chrysanthemum to winter in the open field without consequences, you need to prepare accordingly.
Preparing for the winter
With the advent of autumn, flowers fall from the chrysanthemum, the leaves wither. So, it's time to make sure that your favorite flower easily survives the winter.
For this, the bushes are cut to a height of about 10-12 centimeters. It is advisable to use a sharp pruner for this - the stems are quite tender and easily damaged. A blunt pruner will chew them more than cut them.
In the southern regions of the country, where there are no frosts, this is quite enough. If you are growing in the middle lane, you need to take care that the first frosts do not kill the stems and roots. To do this, the chrysanthemum is covered with spruce branches or a thick layer of sawdust. The first option is more convenient - it will not be necessary to remove sawdust in the spring. But the second one is more accessible - not everyone has the opportunity to stock up on the right amount of spruce branches.
If the winters in the region are very frosty and with little snow, then the only way out is to transplant into flowerpots and store in the basement or cellar, followed by planting.
spring work
In the spring, as soon as the snow melts and it becomes warm enough, the spruce branches should be removed from the chrysanthemum or sawdust should be removed. Excess moisture must go so that young shoots are not affected by rot and mold. But if the nights are cold, the cuttings should be covered with rags in the evenings. 
In general, it is not advisable to grow one chrysanthemum bush for more than two years in a row - there are fewer flowers, and the bush itself falls apart. Therefore, at the end of the second season, the bush should be divided into cuttings and planted. Then the flower bed will delight you with its beauty for more than one year.
The video will tell you in detail about the wintering of chrysanthemums:
The spherical chrysanthemum was bred not so long ago, and in a short time gained great popularity. The spherical chrysanthemum is exceptionally decorative. The plant does well in open ground.
Varieties and varieties of spherical chrysanthemum
Currently, spherical chrysanthemums are very popular. And the number of their varieties reaches almost four thousand hybrids. various colors including greens and blues. Globular chrysanthemums bloom from August until frost.
Planting a spherical chrysanthemum
A place for a spherical chrysanthemum must be chosen illuminated. In the shade, the plant can stretch out and even change the flowering period. The soil spherical chrysanthemum prefers loose and nutritious. In addition, drainage will also play a big role in the development of chrysanthemum.
Spherical chrysanthemums are propagated by cuttings. It is necessary to plant cuttings on days when there is no sun. If this is not possible, then shade the plant a little for a couple of days after planting, so that the cuttings and the shelter do not touch.
Caring for a spherical chrysanthemum
Often flower growers recommend to carry out the procedure of pinching the cuttings. To do this, remove the top of the shoot. Pinching is done to form a spherical shape of the bush. But there are flower growers who say that the form is genetically embedded in these chrysanthemums, and pinching is not necessary.
Watering a spherical chrysanthemum
big role in proper care behind spherical chrysanthemums watering plays. Compliance with these rules will preserve the splendor of these chrysanthemums and prevent lignification of young shoots. In summer, chrysanthemums need frequent and moderate watering.
Wintering of spherical chrysanthemums
After the spherical chrysanthemums have faded, their stems must be cut to 15 cm and prepare the chrysanthemum for wintering. In the south, chrysanthemums are left in the ground for the winter. In the middle lane, they can be covered for the winter with spruce branches, covering material. 
If winters are harsh and snowless, chrysanthemums need to be dug up for wintering and transplanted into pots, which must be stored in a cool room until spring.
Ball-shaped chrysanthemums in design
If you look at some photographs of globular chrysanthemums, you will see that their use in the landscape is very diverse.
Chrysanthemums with conifers look impressive. Rounded bright shapes give liveliness to evergreens.
Spherical chrysanthemum is used in mixed borders. Also, they mark the boundaries of the tracks.
A variety of colors of spherical chrysanthemums allows us to experiment with color combinations. For example, a green lawn will ideal solution for white spherical chrysanthemums. Also, yellow flowers will look beautiful against the background of the silver foliage of noble elimus or emerald grass.
In autumn, when all the plants have already faded and are preparing to winter, bright flower beds made from chrysanthemums of different colors will delight you with bright colors. Plant red, pink, white, yellow colors globular chrysanthemums and enjoy the riot of their colors.
Spherical chrysanthemums are great for mixborders. In addition, these bright flowers can be made the center of the lawn.
Sometimes flower growers grow these chrysanthemums as potted flower. Chrysanthemums in flowerpots can decorate any balcony and terrace.
Chrysanthemums are a group of perennial and annual herbaceous flowers of the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. Plants are close to the genera Tansy and Yarrow, where some varieties of chrysanthemums are often included. The homeland of this flower is the countries of the northern and temperate regions, but the largest number of plants grows in Africa, Europe and Asia.
Garden chrysanthemums: description and photo
Mostly chrysanthemums grow in the form of branched shrubs, sometimes in the form herbaceous plants. Plant size from 55-155 cm. The leaves are simple, arranged in the next order, serrated, entire, dissected or notched, different in shape and size, mostly bright green pubescent and not. The flowers are small, collected in a basket consisting of tubular median reed marginal and yellow flowers, usually arranged in a single row and variously colored.
Some varieties of chrysanthemums are successfully grown in our conditions on open ground, others only in greenhouses, but all plants are valued by gardeners for their ease of propagation, long flowering, and brightness of colors.
A variety of Chrysanthemums includes approximately 160 varieties of plants, divided according to the structure of the flower into large-flowered and small-flowered.
For home growing choose undersized and small-flowered heat-loving varieties. The choice of varieties is quite large. Since chrysanthemums were previously valued for their decorative qualities, long-term selection work was carried out, due to which the color of chrysanthemum flowers, taking into account the variety, began to vary significantly, and the number of varieties, groups and species themselves increased markedly.
Chrysanthemum crowned
The stem is glabrous, slightly branched in the upper half, simple or erect, 24-71 cm in size. Taproot, short. The middle leaves are sessile, up to 7-9 cm in size, oblong-obovate or oblong in outline. The upper leaves are less dissected and smaller. baskets in the amount of 3-7 pieces and whether solitary on lateral leafy branches, as a rule, do not form a shield. Reed corollas of flowers are yellow, of various shades.
Young shoots and leaves taste like celery and are used as food. Also nutritional value have young inflorescences. Planted as an ornamental shrub.
Chrysanthemum alpine
This is a low-growing perennial bush up to 9-14 cm. The leaves are collected in a basal rosette, pinnately dissected. The undersides are gray-green, the upper ones are dark green. Non-branching erect stems have single baskets 3-5 cm in size. It blooms in mid-summer.
Alpine chrysanthemum has silver-gray leaves, which are covered in summer with delicate inflorescences similar to daisy inflorescences, perfect for alpine slides. One of the resistant varieties with terry or simple baskets, it is successfully planted in pots, in flower beds or in borders.
Chrysanthemum keeled
This is an upright, densely branched, 22-73 cm high, with a fleshy stem, almost hairless plant. Leaves on petioles are twice pinnatipartite, slightly fleshy. Inflorescences - fragrant baskets, rarely double or semi-double, single or collected 3-9 on lateral leafy branches, quite large, 4-8 cm in circumference, corymbose, complex inflorescences do not form, they begin flowering at different times. Reed flowers are yellow, white with a reddish or whitish limb, sometimes one-color, white or yellow; tubular - rich red. Blooms profusely from mid-summer.
From the keeled chrysanthemum, various relatively low (34-55 cm) and dwarf species have been bred.
Chrysanthemum shrub
Evergreen plant up to one meter high. Shoots are thin, branched, erect, woody near the base. The leaves are often divided. Inflorescences - as a rule, fragrant baskets, sometimes double or semi-double, rather large 6 cm in circumference, single or collected on lateral leafy branches of 3-9 pieces. The flowers are tubular yellow, reed pink, yellow or white.
It develops well in open ground and in mild climates. White with yellow centers, similar to ordinary meadow chamomile, bloom in turn for almost a whole year. In regions with a frosty climate, the flower can be planted in containers, bringing it into the house for the winter.
Chinese chrysanthemum
This is a hybrid plant. undersized, perennial, 31-135 cm high, shoots ascending, erect or strong, eventually woody near the base. The leaves are lanceolate, slightly fleshy, oval or oval-lobed, up to 8 cm long, have a smell. The blades are large-toothed, solid. Inflorescences - fragrant baskets, terry, semi-double or simple, rather large, 6-8 cm in circumference, collected 3-9 on lateral leafy branches or single. Reeds are varied in color, have a length greater than the disk. Inner flowers are yellow.
Korean chrysanthemums
Variety of hybrid green chrysanthemums. Varieties of this species differ in the height of the bush, the timing of flowering, the color of tubular and reed flowers, the size and structure of the inflorescences. These varieties grow well in open land.
Flowers, depending on the variety, can reach sizes in a circumference of more than 17 cm. Plant height 35-110 cm.
Korean varieties garden species resistant to pathogens, pests and adverse factors. Their distinguishing characteristic- high decorative effect, ability to long and plentiful blossoming.
Korean flower classification:
Inflorescence diameter:
- large-flowered - inflorescences more than 11 cm in circumference;
- small-flowered - inflorescences up to 11 cm in circumference.
By type of inflorescence:
- semi-double - with three or more rows of reed marginal flowers;
- terry - inflorescences of multiple reed flowers of various sizes and shapes, in the middle a small number of tubular;
- two-row and single-row - reed marginal flowers are in 1-2 rows;
- pompom - inflorescences in a circle 3-4 cm in, from multiple reed flowers;
- anemone - with several or one row of reed marginal flowers.
Height classifies:
The most common varieties of Korean chrysanthemum
- ‘Altgold’ - rich yellow plants with inflorescences about 6.5 cm in size. Bush height up to 54 cm.
- ‘Alyonushka’ - chrysanthemums of pink light, with simple chamomile inflorescences. Bush height up to 54 cm.
- ‘Bacon’ is a red chrysanthemum up to 85 cm in size. Terry inflorescences in a circle up to 5 cm. Blooms in September.
- ‘Snow White’ - a bush up to 75 cm in size. White terry chrysanthemum, inflorescence in a circle up to 6 cm. It blooms in autumn.
- ‘Gebe’ is a chamomile chrysanthemum with single-row flowers, up to 7 cm in size.
- ‘Evening lights’ – red showy flowers with a yellow ring near the middle of the inflorescence. Inflorescences chamomile, simple.
- ‘Orange sunset’ - terry chrysanthemum, orange, with inflorescences up to 11 cm in size. Bush up to 81 cm high.
- ‘Malchish-Kibalchish’ - undersized chrysanthemum, less than 35 cm high. Inflorescences of a simple form, pink. Blooms in late summer. The size of the inflorescences is up to 8 cm.
- ‘Umka’ is a pompon chrysanthemum with inflorescences up to 8 cm in size. The height of the bush is 85-110 cm. The color of the inflorescences varies from pinkish to pure white.
- ‘First snow’ - white compact plants up to 40 cm in size. Terry inflorescences up to 6 cm in size. It blooms for a month, from August.
Chrysanthemum Indian
Used for cutting, flowering in late autumn, usually grown indoors.
Popular types
- ‘Altgold’. The inflorescences are flat, golden yellow, densely double, 6-8 cm in size. The height of the bush is 50-65 cm. The leaves are small, dark green. Flowering time - early October.
- 'Aurora'. Inflorescences are flat, 9-11 cm in size, orange. The height of the bush is 75-84 cm. The leaves are medium in size, dark green. Blooms from September.
- ‘Snow Elf’. Inflorescences are pompon, densely double, snow-white, 6-8 cm in size. Bush height - 54-75 cm. Flowering time - from September.
- ‘Wally Roof’. Flat-shaped inflorescences, pink-lilac, terry, 7-9 cm in size. Flowering time is the end of September.
- ‘Primzvara’ Inflorescences are hemispherical, 8-11 cm in size, light pink. The height of the bush is 74-95 cm. The leaves are medium, dark green. Blooms from September.
These varieties include all the distinctive colors of chrysanthemums. There are also two-tone varieties. Depending on the age and variety, one plant can have from a dozen to hundreds of inflorescences.
Chrysanthemum Yesenna
Beautifully flowering and tall (up to 1.5 m.) Bush. Reed white flowers, tubular - rich yellow. Inflorescences-umbrellas. Flowering occurs from September. This variety is a perennial plant.
Chrysanthemum sowing
An annual shrub with whole elongated leaves without petioles and an upright stem, size up to 64 cm. Inflorescences are usually painted in rich yellow shades. Blooms from June.
Chrysanthemum multistem
A low-growing shrub with numerous upright stems, up to 24 cm in size. The shape of the leaves may be different. The inflorescences are rich yellow in color, reach a size of 4 cm in circumference. It is long lasting and abundant flowering.
Chrysanthemums: cultivation and care
Lighting
Plants love diffused bright light, flowers shade from midday direct sun. Evening and morning rays of the sun are beneficial for plants. Appropriate place for flower care - on the windowsills of the east and west directions.
Temperature
It is advisable to keep garden flowers in the summer outside the house, in an area protected from the sun's rays. You can keep the plant there until frost. Indoors, it is best to give chrysanthemums a cool place, about 16C.
Watering
Chrysanthemums are watered during the growing season with plenty of settled and soft water, as the top layer of the earth dries. It is impossible to allow the soil to dry out during care - this can lead to the fall of buds and leaves. With a cool content in the house, watering is done carefully so as not to wet the ground too much.
Fertilizer
Bait, when caring for a plant, is produced every week, during the growing season, with a flower complex fertilizer.
Transfer
When the bush chrysanthemum fades, you need to cut it off near the ground itself and move it to a cool place with a temperature of about 4-6C. In March, the bush is transplanted and moved to a cool (14-19C) and bright room. The substrate for chrysanthemum is taken loose and nutritious, for example, this:
- humus (1 hour);
- sod land (1 hour);
- sand (0.3 hours);
- peat (1 hour).
Drainage is provided at the bottom of the tank.
Growing colorful garden chrysanthemums enliven the autumn and dull landscape, as their flowering occurs before the onset of winter frosts. They look great with many different shrubs and flowers in the garden, so spray chrysanthemums can be placed in any row of flower beds. The use of chrysanthemum leaves and flowers does not stop at garden decoration, today they are widely used for medicinal purposes. It is believed that their use increases immunity and is the prevention of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
The perennial chrysanthemum adorns front gardens, parks and flower beds from mid-summer until the very frost and is rightfully considered the queen autumn garden, because its flowering continues even when, after the first frost, other flowers have already withered. A variety of colors and a delicate aroma with a slight bitterness amazes with its sophistication, as well as a combination of notes of joyful summer and sad autumn.
Planting and cultivation in open ground
Breeders are constantly working on developing new varieties, achieving large-flowered species, however, gardeners prefer to grow Korean small-flowered chrysanthemums, because they have high decorative qualities and resistance to low temperatures.
In addition, Korean chrysanthemums look good on garden plot in combination with other flower crops and are famous for their long and abundant flowering. Chrysanthemum can also be grown in pots to decorate the house, and when cut, it is ideal for creating bouquet compositions, as it can stand for up to 30 days without losing its decorative qualities.
Appropriate place
Chrysanthemum garden in any case should not be planted in areas where there is stagnant water(rain, melt or after watering). Also these flowers do not like too shaded places: their stems are very elongated, become brittle and thin, the flowers are much smaller, bloom too late or do not bloom at all.
Therefore, when choosing a landing site for chrysanthemums, you should pay attention to open, well-lit areas. It should also be taken into account that strong winds negatively affect the development of this crop, so it is necessary to grow chrysanthemums in the garden in protected places.
Soil composition
Chrysanthemums are very demanding on the composition of the soil. They grow well in slightly acidic and neutral soils. Wherein the soil should be well-drained, loose and saturated with organic nutrients.
If the site, suitable for illumination, has infertile or dense soil, it is necessary to carry out measures to improve the soil before planting flowers. To improve water permeability, coarse and thoroughly washed river sand can be used.
To increase fertility, peat, compost or rotted manure is added to the ground at the rate of 1 bucket of organic matter / 1 m2 of plantings.
