Chrysanthemums are beautiful plants that come in a wide variety of inflorescences. This plant lends itself very well to shaping, which gardeners often use to obtain an aesthetically attractive plant. You can achieve success in growing this plant if you know how to correctly form a bush and choose the most suitable bud from which it will appear. magnificent inflorescence. It is also necessary to choose the right time for pinching and remove it in time. side shoots.

Very important stage When forming a plant, the top part of the stem is removed and pinched. This event allows you to retard the growth of the plant, due to which the root system is strengthened and new side shoots are formed. The number of pinchings and the timing of them directly affect the height of the plant. Depending on the variety of plant and the timing of its propagation, a different number of pinchings is carried out. If the plant is an early variety, then pinch it 1 to 3 times. If cuttings were carried out at a later time, then such plants are grown with one pinching or without it at all.

Pinching ensures rapid growth for the plant and its side shoots, so the first pinching is carried out above the 5th or 7th leaf. After ten days, such a cutting can be planted in the soil. The second pinching is carried out 15 days after the first, and later it must be done 2.5 months before the plant blooms.

Features of different varieties of chrysanthemums

It is worth paying attention to the characteristics of growth different varieties chrysanthemums. Here it is necessary to remember that early varieties chrysanthemums are pinched once and occasionally twice. Later cuttings are grown without pinching at all. Chrysanthemums of late and medium varieties are pinched up to 3 times and the timing of cuttings is always taken into account. In order to receive large flowers on the stem large varieties Chrysanthemums should only have one flower.

Chrysanthemum seedlings, which were obtained by cuttings, require special care. She will need watering and fertilizing. But, nevertheless, the correct formation of the plant is very important for the plant during this period. In different species and varieties of plants, formation is carried out completely differently. TO perennial plants we can include hybrid chrysanthemums, Korean ones, which can winter well in our conditions.

Korean chrysanthemums are the simplest and do not require special shaping. Seedlings of such a plant must be planted around the 20th of May. After planting, the plants must be thoroughly compacted into the soil to avoid excessive growth of shoots. In the first days after planting the flower, it must be watered abundantly.

Hybrid chrysanthemums can be divided into large- and small-flowering. In varieties with small flowers, pinching is used to obtain a well-developed crown with a significant number of inflorescences and shoots. To carry out pinching on young plants, the process is carried out on the 4th or 5th leaf. From the buds that remain, over time, from 2 to 4 shoots are obtained, which also need to be pinched on the 7th or 8th leaf. As a result, we are able to obtain a plant with a well-developed crown.

As for large-flowered chrysanthemums, they are pinched to 10-15 cm, while removing the top bud, because the central shoot produces a poorly formed bud. This variety of chrysanthemums must be planted in pots and tied with pegs, and at the end of May the flower along with the pot is dug into open ground. Knowing how to plant a chrysanthemum, you can get beautiful plants with a large number of inflorescences and a properly formed crown.

Chrysanthemum is a flower with a very unusual history. Its exact homeland is unknown, there is debate about where this wonderful flower came to us, some say from Japan, others say from China, and others mention all of East Asia.

However, be that as it may, all this does not negate the fact that the chrysanthemum is stunningly beautiful, so beautiful that in Japan highest award called the Order of the Chrysanthemum, and one emperor ordered a seal with her image.

Perhaps for this history and its beauty, growing it at home is not so easy, since many factors will influence its beauty and health. All this and much more is written below.

Chrysanthemum home - description

Chrysanthemum domestica has a short stature. This is due to the fact that it is grown artificially in greenhouses, where its growth is stopped with special equipment for decorative purposes.

Some have had to deal with the fact that when they bought a cutting and tried to grow it, they ended up with a large bush that looked more like a garden bush than a home bush. In this regard, it is worth saying a few words about how to choose the right homemade chrysanthemums in pots.

First of all, take a close look at appearance plants. It should be strong, dense, the leaves should be well developed, and there should be no insects on the trunk. This will allow her to quickly get used to home conditions. This way it will not become infected and will not affect the growth of other already established flowers.

Which varieties are suitable for growing at home?

Caring for a chrysanthemum in a pot at home is particularly difficult, but if you follow the basic nuances, the plant will delight you with long, lush flowering. Chrysanthemum flowers are often used to create original bouquets. They look great alone or as part of a flower arrangement.

The variety of varieties and varieties will make a bouquet of chrysanthemums a real surprise, allowing you to get away from standard roses and gerberas.

IN Lately It has also become popular to give fresh flowers in a pot. The advantages are obvious: a longer flowering period and the possibility of further breeding. At the same time, it often turns out that after the phase of vegetative activity the plant is considered dead. To prolong the life of your pet and enjoy it for a long time beautiful flowers, you can use the advice in our article and grow a full-fledged indoor plant.

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Home varieties

Of course, ordinary garden crops will not feel comfortable at home. They are too big and cold-loving for this. At the same time, breeders have developed enough varieties of chrysanthemums, the cultivation of which is quite possible in apartment conditions.

Before purchasing, be sure to check this point with the seller, and also take care in advance to create suitable conditions for your pet, which will be discussed a little later.

Varieties of varieties and classification of chrysanthemums

The most common and numerous variety of this flower is the Korean chrysanthemum. There are many varieties of it, and most have nothing in common with each other. The classification is mainly based on the configuration of leaves and inflorescences. Korean varieties are most often used for growing at home.

Indian chrysanthemum is also very popular; it has more refined shapes and the size of its inflorescences. Room options They are distinguished by a relatively high stem on which a large flower (up to 15 cm in diameter) is located. Most varieties of Indian chrysanthemum are grown as garden plants.

Features of chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemum multiflora is an almost perfect ball with small-sized inflorescences. A characteristic feature is the shape of the flower, as well as numerous buds and active flowering, which lasts from a month to two. After the flowers fall, you need to trim the stems, then bring the pot into the shelter. These shapes can be used to decorate country cottage area, but for wintering it’s better to find enough warm room with good ventilation.

Zembla chrysanthemum is more in demand as a garden crop, but it can also be found among descriptions of indoor plants. Characteristics This plant will have fairly large inflorescences, petals rolled into an incomplete tube and a wide range of colors. The most common are yellow chrysanthemums, but among the selected varieties there are even greenish and blue flowers.

Classification of chrysanthemums

General classification of chrysanthemums:

• If the size of the inflorescences is less than 80 mm, such varieties are called small-flowered. Large-flowered plants, accordingly, have a much larger diameter.
• Based on the shape of the inflorescences, they are distinguished between blanket and double-row, double and semi-double. You can find a general name - globular chrysanthemum, which combines several groups with round voluminous inflorescences.
• According to the flowering period, early, middle and late flowering specimens are distinguished. This classification is important if you also want to collect seeds for further cultivation colors. In late-flowering varieties, they, as a rule, do not have time to ripen, so they are not suitable for planting.
• The height of the stem also classifies chrysanthemums into border (up to 30 cm) and medium (up to 50 cm in height).
• The shape of the petals and their arrangement can be chamomile-like, with a pronounced core (usually of a contrasting color). Double flowers do not have this feature, but can attract attention with petals of different lengths and configurations.

It is impossible to describe all the varieties of this flower, much less indicate them all. possible options colors “Classic” white chrysanthemums are not inferior in popularity to roses and tulips, and a variety of rainbow mixes will cheer you up during the cold season.

Popular varieties

Indoor chrysanthemum is more compact in size; when forming a bush, it forms attractive spherical trees. In addition to the purely visual effect, this plant is famous for its positive energy and in many beliefs has earned the fame of a family amulet.

The chrysanthemum is most popular and universally loved in Eastern cultures, especially Japan. There this plant is grown everywhere and is a symbol of wealth, love and prosperity. To successfully grow the Japanese version of a lucky horseshoe at home, you must adhere to certain requirements.

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What to look for when purchasing

Chrysanthemums are presented in such quantities on the markets that choosing just one bush is not easy. But try to be very careful, because success directly depends on how picky you are.

Never buy chrysanthemums with fully blossomed inflorescences - specimens whose inflorescences are no more than half blossomed will bloom better and longer.

The bushes should be fully formed, powerful, the shoots should be woody below, and the leaves should be healthy. Please note that yellowing of foliage and spots on leaves and shoots are unacceptable.

Light mode for potted chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums are crops that require a short daylight hours to bloom abundantly. But this does not mean that they are content with shaded locations.

During the entire period of active development, including flowering, chrysanthemums should be provided with the sunniest and brightest locations where the plants will not suffer from midday rays or will be shaded from them by neighboring potted plants.

In winter, chrysanthemums are kept in dark rooms (with the exception of specimens that continue to bloom, which are transferred to the brightest locations of the rooms and are planned to be thrown away after flowering)

Temperature conditions

Potted chrysanthemums (both garden and indoor) love cool weather, especially at the flowering stage. These are not the most heat-resistant crops, which are comfortable only in typical autumn conditions. The higher the air temperature, the faster the inflorescences fade and the less chrysanthemums produce new buds.

That is why even miniature houseplants During flowering it is better to keep it in the fresh air. Optimal temperature regime for potted chrysanthemums - from 10-15 to 17-20 degrees Celsius or a little more.

If chrysanthemums during the flowering period are in temperatures above 21-22 degrees, they will not be able to set buds normally for flowering next year and even cold wintering will not give the expected effect.

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Landing

What to do with a chrysanthemum in a pot - we’ll talk about this a little later. First, let's figure out how to plant it correctly. Material with mother plant cut with a sharp knife. You cannot break off the petioles, otherwise they may not be accepted.

The bush will grow beautiful and lush only if it has a sufficiently developed root system. Therefore, at the very beginning, the petioles are planted in a very large container.

You need to drill several holes at the bottom of the pot for drainage. Garden soil is poured into it, mixed with some organic fertilizer.

The question of how to plant a chrysanthemum in a pot comes down to proper preparation soil. Before backfilling, the soil mixture must be subjected to heat treatment. Chrysanthemum is a rather delicate plant that easily becomes infected various kinds viral and fungal diseases.

• The cut petioles are carefully buried in the ground.
• After 20-25 days, roots form on them.
• As soon as this happens, they should be carefully transferred, along with a lump of earth, into a small flower pot.
• In this case mature plant will take the form of a beautiful lush bouquet.

The same soil is poured into a new pot. That is, they mix nutritious soil with organic fertilizer. You can also use fertilized peat.

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Watering

The purchased chrysanthemum must be watered carefully. On the one hand, this plant is quite demanding when it comes to watering. On the other side, excess moisture may cause root rot or the development of fungal diseases.

To prevent this from happening, you need to ensure good drainage: there must be a hole in the pot, and a layer of gravel or moss at the bottom. This will help remove all excess moisture from the pot.

• On average, chrysanthemums are watered no more than 2 times a week. You just need to make sure that the earthen ball does not dry out.
• Spraying the leaves plays an important role; it helps prevent dehydration.
• Dried leaves must be removed promptly. And healthy leaves are regularly cleaned of dust.

You cannot use regular tap water for irrigation. You need to pass it through a filter and leave it for a couple of days. The water should not be cold, otherwise the plant is at risk of disease.

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Air humidity

Chrysanthemum prefers high humidity. Therefore, the plant should be sprayed regularly. The frequency of spraying is one (two) times a day. If the grower simply does not have a spray bottle, then you can simply place a saucer or jar of water next to your home plantings.

Protection from dust and dirt

Chrysanthemum leaves should be regularly wiped to remove accumulated dust and other contaminants. This can be done with a regular damp cloth. Some gardeners place the pot in the bathtub and gently wash away any accumulated dust using a shower head.

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Caring for chrysanthemums in a pot, applying fertilizers

Fertilization is a mandatory measure, because chrysanthemum requires a lot of nutrients for its development. IN different time different additives should be used each year. They can be divided into:

• nitrogen;
• potassium;
• phosphorus.

Nitrogen fertilizers are used during active flower growth, that is, in spring. These additives are important for the proper formation of shoots and active growth of leaves.

In summer, they stop fertilizing chrysanthemums with nitrogen fertilizers, since at this time active growth the plant stops growing and preparation for flowering begins.

In mid-August, start feeding potassium supplements with some phosphorus. Closer to October, everything should be the other way around: more phosphorus with the addition of potassium. These additives are needed by the plant for lush flowering and have a good winter.

Chrysanthemum in a pot, care after flowering

How to care for home chrysanthemums in pots after flowering? When all the buds dry out, they should be removed. Also cut off any dead or damaged branches.

• After this, gradually reduce watering and place the flower in the place where it will winter.
• If you want to achieve double flowering, then think about it in advance.
• In any case, you will have to organize dormant conditions in which the plant will gain strength.

After this, you can expose the flower to heat ahead of time, increase watering, and also adjust changes in daylight hours. All these measures can make the chrysanthemum bloom in late February-early March.

Chrysanthemum in a pot: care at home in winter

How to care for a chrysanthemum in a pot winter time of the year? At this time, the chrysanthemum does not need to be watered heavily, and it should not be fertilized at all. Place the flower in a room with an air temperature of no more than 5 degrees. Such conditions may occur in an unheated storage room or cellar.

Some gardeners believe that indoor chrysanthemum need to be pruned for the winter, as is done in relation to garden flower. But many experts consider this an unnecessary measure, since indoor flower There is no threat of frost or other ups and downs, so there is no need to be afraid that high branches will take too much strength from the flower.

Before wintering, it is advisable to treat the chrysanthemum with antimicrobial agents. They will eliminate the possibility of infecting the flower with pests, which, unlike plants, do not sleep in winter.

How to care for a homemade chrysanthemum in a pot in early spring?

In spring, plants begin to wake up and grow actively. Chrysanthemums in a pot also do this, how to care for them at this time? First of all, you should increase watering of the flower, since it needs moisture for growth. At the same time, you should not make a swamp in the flowerpot. Abundant watering should not turn into a “bay”.

Next, you should think about replanting the plant. This work usually performed in the spring. If the plant is young, then you should choose a flowerpot for it bigger size than the previous one. For an adult plant, you can leave the same container.

Prepare the soil for chrysanthemums yourself, since store-bought substrates are universal and are rarely suitable for this particular flower. To prepare the soil, take:

• universal primer;
• peat;
• perlite;
• sand.

Mix all the ingredients so that the soil is loose, but remains nutritious. Pour it into a flowerpot on top of the drainage, which should be mandatory. It eliminates the possibility of water stagnation in the flowerpot.

Replant chrysanthemum better method transshipment. This way its roots are less damaged. After transplantation, the plant is watered a little and placed in a well-lit place.

There is no need to apply fertilizers in the first month after transplantation. They will only harm a plant that is not properly rooted. But after a month you can already water the chrysanthemum with nitrogen fertilizers. They are diluted according to the instructions, which are necessarily given with the drug.

When the chrysanthemum takes root and grows a little, you need to cut off the tops of its branches. This is called “pinching”, and is done so that the plant begins to sprout lateral processes. Thus, a lush bush will be formed. By autumn it will be covered in color and will look very beautiful. You can pinch flowers twice: in early autumn and early summer. Then they begin to prepare the chrysanthemum for flowering.

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How to stimulate chrysanthemum flowering

If a flower lover receives a gift from friends, it is most often a chrysanthemum in a pot. Home care is aimed at prolonging flowering. Chrysanthemums are perennials, and they can bloom for several years in a row if they accumulate good energy reserves. A period of winter dormancy with sufficient light, water and fertilizer will increase the plant's ability to produce new buds.

A simple technique helps stimulate the plant to long and abundant flowering. Here are the basic techniques:

• it is necessary to control the light regime of the chrysanthemum. Good vegetative growth requires natural conditions, that is, 9 - 10 hours of darkness. Draping the plant with black fabric creates the illusion of “night” in city apartments, where electricity is often turned on;
• Water occasionally and generously. The soil should be moist, but not soggy;
• before flowering, organize the light regime according to the standard 12 hours of darkness - 12 hours of light;
• provide the plant with a cool atmosphere during the period of bud release. Homemade chrysanthemums in pots need a temperature of 13 - 16 ° C to form a flower;
• do not forget to pinch the stems;
• remove all small buds and flower buds, leaving only the large ones, one bud on each stem in the center. This should be done when the buds are still small;
• When the flowers open as much as possible, choose the most optimal light position for the pot. The chrysanthemum needs to be well watered throughout the flowering period. This way the flowers will last longer;
• replanting the chrysanthemum in a larger pot will give more space to the roots. The plant will be able to accumulate more nutrients and moisture, which ensures intense flowering. The optimal pot size is 1.8 liters.

In the spring, as soon as the chrysanthemum releases green shoots, you need to change the soil in the pot. To do this, carefully remove the plant, put clean soil in the pot, place the chrysanthemum in it and water it. During the same period, it is advisable to feed the chrysanthemum with fertilizer. It is better to use nitrogen agents before flowering, and nitrate ones at the time of flowering.

If you have complete information on how to care for a chrysanthemum in a pot, the plant will develop normally and delight the owner with luxurious flowers for several years in a row.

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How to replant chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums, which are given to us in bouquets, are very easy to root. The desire to plant and grow this miracle on your windowsill or on your plot is commendable, but here it is important to follow correct agricultural techniques.

Instructions

1. If the chrysanthemum is already sitting in your pot, then replanting it in open ground will allow it to take on its natural size and shape. Preparations for replanting a chrysanthemum should begin with its flowering. After flowering, chrysanthemums should be cut off all shoots longer than 10 cm and leave only short petioles. The pot with the plant should be put in a cool room with a temperature of 2-4°C for the winter.
2. With the onset of spring, new shoots begin to grow and are transferred to a warm room. It is necessary to maintain alternating temperatures for chrysanthemums, otherwise it will not bloom. This time is optimal for transplanting the bush into fresh soil in a pot or flowerbed, as well as for rooting shoots. To root flowers from a bouquet, cuttings that have taken root in water should be cut off at the top, leaving 10 cm, and planted in a pot.
3. Young plants should be replanted every year in the spring, older ones every two years, and it is better to divide the bushes during replanting. The main thing is that fresh soil for the bush should not be acidic; otherwise, chrysanthemums are not particularly picky about soil. Add a little sand and humus to ordinary garden soil. During transplantation, the tops of young shoots are pinched, and lignified ones are cut off so that the bush is more branched and even.
4. Before watering, the lump of earth should be moistened and all dried branches and roots should be removed. Pour drainage into the bottom of the pot, insert the bush in the center and sprinkle with new soil on all sides. In order not to replant the chrysanthemum into a larger pot, divide the bush and plant part of the bush back, of course, adding fresh soil. Afterwards, water the bushes and keep the soil moist, as chrysanthemum loves water.

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pruning

Chrysanthemums are pruned twice a year. This is done in spring and summer in order to form a beautiful crown of the bush. The first pruning is done in the spring after planting or replanting a flower. The growing point at the top of the shoots is removed from the plant.

• The side shoots immediately begin to grow actively.
• Before our eyes, the chrysanthemum turns into a lush, dense bush.
• About a month later, this procedure is repeated.
• If you are growing spherical variety chrysanthemums, then it is not necessary to pinch it.
• A lush, dome-shaped bush is a varietal feature of these types of chrysanthemum.

The chrysanthemum is pruned again in the fall, after flowering. First of all, dry, diseased and rotten shoots are cut off to keep the rest of the bush healthy. The remaining shoots are also shortened, since the plant will overwinter in spartan conditions - without watering, fertilizing and light. This will make it easier for him to survive during hibernation.

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Propagating chrysanthemums in a pot

Chrysanthemum propagates in 3 ways:

1. By cuttings.
2. Dividing the bush.
3. Seeds.

1. Cuttings

After a rest period, a month before cutting, move the container with the chrysanthemum to a warm, illuminated place (from +10° to +12°).

When 4-6 leaves form on the shoots, you can begin cuttings:

1. It is better to take a high container, with the expectation that the cuttings will need to be covered for the first time.
2. Prepare the substrate: humus, garden soil and sand, in this ratio - 1: 2: 0.5, taking into account that upper layer sand should be 2-3 cm. Or take a mixture of perlite and sand, 1:1.
3. Place drainage at the bottom of the container - expanded clay, pebbles, etc. Pour soil, and on top - a layer of sand of at least 2 cm. Water.
4. Cut off the tops of the stems 10 cm high, making the lower cut under the internode. Remove the lower leaves.
5. Dip the cutting in a growth stimulator. And deepen the cuttings 1.5-2 cm into moistened sand at an angle of 45° with a gap of 5 cm between them.
6. Cover the container with glass or film and place the container with the cuttings in a bright, warm place (t from +17° to +20°).
7. Make sure that the soil in the container is always moist by spraying it daily.
8. Cuttings take root in 2 to 4 weeks. As soon as the cuttings take root, as evidenced by the growth that appears on them, the film must be removed.

After 2-3 weeks, chrysanthemums can be planted in pots.

2. Dividing the bush

A simpler and more reliable way to propagate chrysanthemums is to divide the bush during the period of intensive shoot growth.

From one bush of an overwintered plant you can get up to 6 divisions:

1. Water the bush before dividing.
2. Pour drainage and a mixture consisting of garden and turf soil, sand and humus into a new pot. Pour the mixture into 2/3 of the container.
3. Remove the chrysanthemum from the old container, carefully separate the young shoots so that each separated part retains the root.
4. Place the young shoot in a pot and carefully, trying not to damage the roots, cover it with soil. Do not compact the soil.
5. After transplanting, carefully water the shoots, preferably with a spray bottle, so as not to accidentally wash away the soil.
6. Place the container with the shoots in a bright, warm (but not more than +20°) place. Shade from the sun.

After 2-3 weeks, the divisions will take root well.

3. Propagation by seeds

Determine the sowing time by the time of flowering:

1. Treat the sowing container with a solution of potassium permanganate.
2. Pour drainage and a mixture of garden soil, sand and humus, 2:0.5:1, into the container.
3. Moisten the substrate and place the seeds on top. The seeds are not sprinkled with soil, as they need light to germinate. Or sprinkle with a thin layer of light soil.
4. Cover the container with glass or plastic film and put it in a bright room (t from +10° to +15°).
5. Moisten the soil only with a spray bottle.
6. After 7-12 days, shoots will appear. Remove the cover.
7. After the formation of 4-6 true leaves, pick the plant with a gap of 5-10 cm between them.

A month and a half before flowering, plant chrysanthemums in a permanent place.

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Diseases and pests

Chrysanthemum is a late-flowering perennial, characterized by high immunity to diseases and pests. However, she can also get sick.

In order not to put flowers at risk, it is necessary to carefully monitor their condition and take them in a timely manner. preventive measures. And if it was not possible to avoid the disease, then it is important to know which methods of control are most effective.

Fungal diseases of chrysanthemums

Fungal infections of chrysanthemums are most often caused by poor air circulation, high soil acidity, excess nitrogen fertilizer and high temperature.

Leaf spot, or septoria, of chrysanthemums

The disease manifests itself in the form of spots on the leaves, which initially have yellow, and then gradually become dark brown and black (and may increase in size). The lower leaves are infected first.

Prevention and treatment

1. The first step is to cut off and destroy the affected leaves.
2. For prevention purposes, it is necessary to regularly remove and destroy the remains of dead plants in the garden.
3. If the disease spreads, it is worth using fungicides.

Rust

The infection appears as pale areas on the surface of the leaves, as well as powdery orange spots on the undersides. Severely affected plants become weak and no longer flower properly.

Prevention and treatment

1. Urgent removal of affected leaves.
2. Thinning bushes to ensure better ventilation.
3. When watering, avoid getting moisture on the plants.
4. If the disease has seriously spread, you need to switch to the use of fungicides.

Wilting chrysanthemum leaves

The first symptoms of Fusarium wilt are yellowing and browning of leaves. Infected plants are stunted and often fail to flower. The fungus penetrates plants from the soil through the roots and blocks the flow of water into the chrysanthemum tissue.

Prevention and treatment

1. Removal and destruction of all infected plant parts.
2. Planting wilt-resistant varieties.
3. If there is already Fusarium fungus in the soil, wilting, then the soil pH should be increased to 6.5 - 7.0.

Powdery mildew

The leaves are covered with a whitish ash-gray powdery coating. Fungal spores love a humid atmosphere; these are favorable conditions for their growth and reproduction.

Prevention and treatment

1. Removing affected plant material.
2. Use of fungicides.

To combat fungal infections, copper oxychloride and Bordeaux mixture, Fundazol, and 1% colloidal sulfur are most often used.

Viral diseases of chrysanthemums

Of all the viral diseases, chrysanthemums are the most dangerous mosaic.

Plants infected with the virus have a stunted appearance and yellowed foliage. Infected chrysanthemums are stunted and produce small flowers.

Prevention

1. Removal and destruction of affected plants.
2. Timely weed control.

Pests of chrysanthemums

Leaf nematode

Nematodes – unsegmented roundworms, which are barely visible to the naked eye. They overwinter in soil or in infected plant material.

Chrysanthemums affected by the nematode become covered with yellow-brown spots. The pest first damages the lower leaves and gradually spreads up the stem. The yellow-brown spots on the leaves eventually merge and cover the entire leaf, which dies, withers and falls off.

Control measures

1. Removal of contaminated plant material along with surrounding soil.
2. In spring, the spread of nematodes will be prevented by mulching.
3. When watering, avoid getting water on the leaves.
4. Foliar sprays containing insecticidal soap are quite effective.

Aphids and spider mites

These insidious insects harm many types of indoor and garden flowers.

Aphids feed on the sap of young plant tissues and infect the underside of leaves, buds and flowers. Massive spread of the pest can cause the death of chrysanthemums.

Spider mites spread in hot and dry weather; they suck out the sap from plants, causing the chrysanthemum to dry out, the flowers become discolored, and the leaves fall off.

Control measures

1. Spider mites and aphids can be removed from the surface of plants with a strong stream of water during watering.
2. Effective use of insecticides and copper-soap solution (20 g copper sulfate and 200 g of green soap per 10 liters of water).

Now you know how to protect chrysanthemums from dangerous diseases and pests. Don’t forget to properly care for your plants – and they will certainly make your flower garden attractive.

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Queen of autumn - chrysanthemum (in myths and legends)

Many legends are dedicated to this wonderful flower. One of them says that an evil dragon decided to steal the Sun from people; but when he grabbed him, the dragon severely burned his paws. Out of anger, the dragon began to tear and trample fire ball. The sun sparks that fell on the Earth turned into white chrysanthemums...

Chrysanthemum flowers seem to connect the light cold of winter and the warm breath of summer. She is rightfully considered the queen of autumn. This unpretentious autumn flower is truly of royal origin.

After all, once in the East luxurious feasts were held in his honor; the image of a chrysanthemum served as a symbol of nobility, happiness and was considered sacred. Many poems, myths and legends are dedicated to him. Today at oriental beauty fans are no less than those of recognized queens - roses and orchids.

History of a flower

How much ancient history this flower is not known for sure, but archaeologists have found images of chrysanthemums on fragments of marble and pottery, in the ornaments of ancient buildings, in patterns of oriental porcelain and even on ancient coins.

• Some claim that the birthplace of the flower is Japan, others say China, and others say East Asia.
• In Japan, the homeland of the chrysanthemum, its image is included in the national emblem; it is a symbol of the sun.
• The Order of the Chrysanthemum is the highest award of this country.

The name of the flower, which comes from Greek words“chrysos” - golden and “antemos” - flower (golden flower) are not accidental; the ancestors of the chrysanthemum were exclusively yellow.

In Japanese it is called "kiku" - the sun. On the day of "kiku" in the imperial palace, the courtiers admired flowers, drank special chrysanthemum wine, listened to music and wrote poetry.

The chrysanthemum was considered a symbol of high status. Only the emperor and members of his family had the right to wear clothes made of fabric with a chrysanthemum pattern. Violation of the law was punishable by death. In the 18th century, the plant was brought to France and it conquered all of Europe.

Chrysanthemum in the East

In Japan, colorful chrysanthemum festivals are held annually, where human-sized dolls are dressed in historical clothes made from chrysanthemum flowers. On this day, the Japanese drink sake with the petals of this wonderful flower - a symbol of happiness and longevity. Participants of the holiday pass cups of drink to each other, wishing them many years of happy life.

This flower is no less revered in China, which is also considered the birthplace of the chrysanthemum. Here he personifies loyalty. The legend says that in the hoary old days, when a cruel emperor ruled China, there was a rumor that a chrysanthemum grew on a certain island, from the juice of which an elixir of life could be prepared.

But only a person with a pure heart should pick a flower, otherwise the plant will lose its miraculous power. 300 boys and girls were sent to the island. It’s just unknown whether they found that plant or not. No one returned, the Mikado died, and the youth founded a new state on that island - Japan.

Legends

The 9th day of the 9th month is dedicated to the chrysanthemum in China and Japan, and the flower picked on this day is endowed with magical powers. In Vietnam, chrysanthemums represent spiritual purity and clarity of mind. In Italy, the chrysanthemum is a symbol of love; a symbol of deep silent sadness; symbol of death.

• In England, chrysanthemums are not so much flowers for bouquets, but funeral flowers. In Europe, white chrysanthemums are considered mourning flowers and a symbol of deep sadness. Wreaths of them are laid on graves in France.
• Perhaps that is why there is a sad legend about their origin. “The poor woman’s son died. She decorated the grave that was dear to her with wildflowers collected along the way until the cold weather set in. Then she remembered the bouquet of artificial flowers that her mother bequeathed as a guarantee of happiness.
• She placed this bouquet on the grave, watered it with tears, prayed, and when she raised her head, she saw a miracle: the entire grave was covered with living chrysanthemums. Their bitter smell seemed to indicate that they were dedicated to sadness.”

Chrysanthemum in Europe

The chrysanthemum appeared in Europe in 1676. It was brought from Japan to England and made by the Dutchman Reede. However, the French believe that chrysanthemums first appeared in Marseille in 1789 and were brought by the French traveler Pierre Blankshire.

• However, the plants they brought were similar to daisies and did not make much of an impression.
• Only after 1829, when the French gardener Berne, as a result of experiments with sowing chrysanthemum seeds, received beautiful varieties, the public became interested in them.
• Over time, this flower could be seen in almost every English garden- chrysanthemums tolerated English fogs perfectly and bloomed even before the onset of light frosts.
• During the celebration of Schiller's birthday in 1859, the bust of the writer was surrounded by thousands of chrysanthemums, the most diverse in color and shape that then existed.

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Superstitions and chrysanthemum.

Chrysanthemum balances the energy of logic and intuition, reason, will and feelings. Fills you with peace and self-confidence.

Protects against unnecessary hesitation and doubt. Develops confidence and the missing qualities of the sex: for men - fortitude, for women - tenderness and charm. Brings order to thoughts and emotions. Helps you feel like a real man or a real woman and change your sexual orientation. Develops tolerance and friendliness. For public places. For active, active, creative individuals. Helps strong personalities get along with each other.

Protects against unwanted changes in well-being. Brings balance to nervous system, kidneys, cardiovascular system.

The ancient Chinese claimed that chrysanthemum has the miraculous property of prolonging human life. According to ancient legend, a certain Taoist monk lived about 700 years, and only because he drank dew from chrysanthemum flowers in the morning. Maybe if we follow his example, we too will be able to maintain our youth?

The petals of chrysanthemum flowers are very different: white, pink, golden yellow. They have one thing in common - they are all rich in minerals, so necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. Please note that the flowers are odorless healing properties do not possess.

Must be added to traditional green tea fragrant petals of chrysanthemum flowers. It is considered to be extremely useful for any infectious disease. Ancient Chinese doctors recommended this tea in case of high temperature. They assured that it improves vision, removes toxins from the body, and is good for the liver.

Overheating, colds, dizziness, unstable blood pressure - all these diseases, according to them, can be easily cured with the help of chrysanthemum flower petals. You can believe this, but you can treat it with a fair amount of skepticism. However, even in our time, traditional healers renal failure It is recommended to eat ice cream with several fresh chrysanthemum petals in it.

Pinching and pinching chrysanthemums

In order to grow larger, well-developedFlowers and inflorescences must be pinched (trimmed) and pinched. Let's look at these operations separately.

Pinching (trimming)

You have planted a rooted cutting of a large-flowered chrysanthemum. Sunny weather and proper care (watering and fertilizing) of the plant will yield results - the chrysanthemum will begin to rapidly grow upward. As soon as the plant reaches20-25 cm in length (7-10 leaves)it is necessary to do pruning or pinching - removing the upper part of the stem. The difference between pinching and trimming is only the size of the top that is separated. When pinching, only the very tip of the shoot is removed, and when pruning, the separated part of the shoot used for rooting is at least 7-10 cm. Remember that in the central and northern regions of Ukraine pinching is done, not pruning.

When pruning, we cut off the top part of the plant by 7-10 cm (3-4 leaves) if the plant has reached a height of 20 cm. If it is necessary to pinch, then simply remove the growing tip of the chrysanthemum. As a rule, pinch once:

1) plants of early varieties;

2) low-growing varieties of chrysanthemums.

We also recommend pinching large-flowered ones once.If you do not pinch this group, the primary bud will produce an inferior flower. Pinching (pruning) helps to delay plant growth, better development of the root system, the formation of side shoots and the removal of spring buds. Plucked cuttings of chrysanthemums can be rooted and later planted in the garden.

Stepsonning.

After pinching the plant, rapid growth of side shoots begins. Therefore, in order to properly form a bush, it is also necessary to pruning - removing side shoots and buds, the so-called. stepson. They consume nutrients and greatly retard the development of the main stem and bud. Usually the stepsons are removed as soon as they grow to such a size that they can be grabbed with your fingers. At the same time, keep in mind that in the upper part you must definitely leave two or three stepsons in reserve in case the main bud is damaged by pests and is therefore underdeveloped. Large-flowered chrysanthemums are periodically pruned, removing unwanted shoots, and thus only one full-fledged flower is formed on each trunk.

Most modern bush hybrids do not need to thin out the buds, but the general rule is: than fewer buds- especially large flowers. If you want to get a lush inflorescence large diameter, it is necessary to remove all side shoots and buds, leaving one main one.

Also see our other articles on chrysanthemum agricultural technology on the website http://site/

The main autumn flowers are chrysanthemums, planting and care open ground These flowers are not particularly difficult to grow, but they require compliance with a number of conditions when growing, both in spring and autumn. Do not break the rules if you want to plant a flower from a bouquet or root a shoot, and to propagate the plant in the fall, read the basics. If you don’t know how to form a beautiful bush into a ball, then remember, you need pinching and pruning for the winter, or try to grow a special variety that will only need a single pinching...

Methods and timing of propagation of chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemums are annual - they are grown annually from seeds, and perennial - they can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, queen cells or dividing the bush. Chrysanthemums are planted in spring and autumn; each season has its own advantages:

Seeds are sown in open ground in May, and when the seedlings grow 10 cm, they are pinched. In autumn, chrysanthemums are already blooming

Cuttings are a very popular method of propagating chrysanthemums. You can grow a bush by cutting a cutting even from a bouquet. How to root a chrysanthemum shoot? A shoot about 6 cm long is rooted in soil consisting of sand and peat. The glass-covered box is kept in a cool place, no higher than +15°C. When the roots appear, the plants are planted in separate pots and then, with the end of frost, in open ground. If you purchased a cutting of the desired variety in the fall, do not plant it in the ground, but root it in a container and leave it in a cool room until spring

The mother plant is an overwintered chrysanthemum rhizome from which shoots will come; it can be purchased and planted in early spring

Dividing the bush is the only way to plant chrysanthemums in autumn, in which the plant is carefully dug up, the roots of the mother bush with shoots are divided into several copies with pruners and planted. This procedure should be carried out every two years to rejuvenate the plant.

Chrysanthemums, planting in spring and autumn
Please note that if you decide to grow chrysanthemums, planting and care in open ground differ in spring and autumn - when planting in spring, queen cells and cuttings take root better, but in autumn you can choose a flowering bush and not be mistaken with its appearance.

During very frosty winters, choose Korean small-flowered hybrids of chrysanthemums, which are nicknamed oak - this species unites many varieties, zoned in middle lane and Moscow region. Large-flowered Indian chrysanthemums are tall - they grow up to a meter, and sometimes up to one and a half, but they are afraid of cold weather and freeze out easily.
For chrysanthemums, choose a sunny, preferably elevated place. Flowers do not like stagnant moisture, so waterlogged soil is drained by adding a layer of coarse river sand to the planting hole. The soil is preferably slightly acidic or neutral, light and loose. Too dense - mixed with peat, humus or rotted compost.

Chrysanthemum plants are placed every 30-50 cm. A shallow hole is dug so that the shoots on the mother plant or two-thirds of the cuttings are not covered with soil; when dividing the bush, this is approximately 40 cm. No more than 0.5 kg of humus or compost is added to the hole. If you overdo it with fertilizers, the flowers will be small, and only the foliage will be lush. It is recommended to water the roots with a stimulant (Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin), and then cover them with soil and compact it. Cuttings after spring planting It is advisable to cover it from the sun with spunbond for a couple of weeks.

At autumn planting The chrysanthemum bush must be watered abundantly; this will compact the soil, eliminating voids in it, due to which the roots can freeze. In addition, the flowers are cut off and a third of the stems are left so that the nutrients go to the development of the root system.

Chrysanthemums, care - watering, fertilizing, pruning, shelter
Chrysanthemum does not tolerate stagnant moisture, but it loves watering - without water, the stems become stiff and the flowers become smaller. At the same time, the flower does not tolerate sprinkling; it needs to be watered at the root, preferably with rain or settled water. After watering, the soil is loosened to avoid crusting.

In spring, chrysanthemums need nitrogen fertilizing for rapid growth; this can be done 2-3 weeks after planting. In the second half of summer, with the beginning of chrysanthemum budding, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied to ensure lush flowering and strengthen the plants before wintering. In the fall, you can feed the flowers a little with organic matter. Tall varieties need to be tied up, as their fragile stems can break.
The beginning of frost is a signal that it is time to leave for the winter. Chrysanthemum trunks late autumn cut, leaving 10-centimeter stumps and insulated with sawdust or leaves. The most delicate varieties are wrapped with a covering material on top and something flat is placed on top - for example, a plywood board - to protect them from moisture. Some gardeners dig up the roots and store them in a dark, cold cellar in winter to ensure the preservation of the variety.

How to create spherical chrysanthemum bushes
For flowers such as chrysanthemums, planting and caring in open ground is not all that is needed, and simple processing will allow you to create real masterpieces from them.

After winter, chrysanthemums are cut and pinched to obtain a beautiful spherical bush. There is a variety in which the bush itself grows in the form of a ball, without needing to be formed - this is the multiflora chrysanthemum, low growing bush up to 20 cm in height - when two pairs of leaves appear on the shoot, it is pinched, and then the ball forms on its own.

Multiflora can be grown not only in a flowerbed, but also in a pot. But, at the end of flowering, the above-ground part of the plant is cut off and sent to rest - in a dark, cool place, for the whole winter. Periodically, dormant chrysanthemums are watered so that the roots do not dry out. In February, the first shoots appear, which means that the plant has woken up and it’s time to get it out of the basement. If globular chrysanthemum grows in a flowerbed, the stems need to be cut to 10 cm and covered with sawdust and nonwoven fabric for the winter.
Multiflora loves soil rich in fertilizers; when planting, add more humus to the hole and wood ash. If you grow it in a pot, you can prepare the soil from 30% humus and 20% sand, the remaining 50% is turf soil.

You can also form a ball from other types of chrysanthemums; in small- and medium-flowered ones, the main shoot is pinched when it reaches 10-12 cm, then the side shoots that have grown to the same length are cut off, after which they actively branch, pinching is done until the buds appear.
In large-flowered species of chrysanthemums, stems 15 cm long are cut, one or two pinchings are carried out no later than June, in addition, they are pinched - from mid-July, shoots emerging from the leaf axils are removed daily, and starting from August - every three days, then you can get a spherical bush with large flowers up to 10 cm in diameter.

How to pinch a chrysanthemum? Chrysanthemums are beautiful plants that come in a wide variety of inflorescences. This plant lends itself very well to shaping, which gardeners often use to obtain an aesthetically attractive plant. You can achieve success in growing this plant if you know how to correctly form a bush and choose the most suitable bud, from which a magnificent inflorescence will appear. It is also necessary to choose the right time for pinching and remove side shoots in time. A very important step in forming a plant is removing the upper part of the stem and pinching it. This event allows you to retard the growth of the plant, due to which the root system is strengthened and new side shoots are formed. The number of pinchings and the timing of them directly affect the height of the plant. Depending on the variety of plant and the timing of its propagation, a different number of pinchings is carried out. If the plant is an early variety, then pinch it 1 to 3 times. If cuttings were carried out at a later time, then such plants are grown with one pinching or without it at all. Pinching ensures rapid growth for the plant and its side shoots, so the first pinching is carried out above the 5th or 7th leaf. After ten days, such a cutting can be planted in the soil. The second pinching is carried out 15 days after the first, and later it must be done 2.5 months before the plant blooms. Peculiarities different varieties chrysanthemums It is worth paying attention to the growth characteristics of different varieties of chrysanthemums. Here it is necessary to remember that early varieties of chrysanthemums are pinched once and occasionally twice. Later cuttings are grown without pinching at all. Chrysanthemums of late and medium varieties are pinched up to 3 times and the timing of cuttings is always taken into account. In order to get large flowers on the stem of large varieties of chrysanthemums, it is necessary to leave only one flower. Chrysanthemum seedlings, which were obtained by cuttings, require special care. She will need watering and fertilizing. But, nevertheless, the correct formation of the plant is very important for the plant during this period. In different species and varieties of plants, formation is carried out completely differently. Perennial plants include hybrid chrysanthemums, Korean ones, which can winter well in our conditions. Korean chrysanthemums are the simplest and do not require special shaping. Seedlings of such a plant must be planted around the 20th of May. After planting, the plants must be thoroughly compacted into the soil to avoid excessive growth of shoots. In the first days after planting the flower, it must be watered abundantly. Hybrid chrysanthemums can be divided into large- and small-flowering. In varieties with small flowers, pinching is used to obtain a well-developed crown with a significant number of inflorescences and shoots. To carry out pinching on young plants, the process is carried out on the 4th or 5th leaf. From the buds that remain, over time, from 2 to 4 shoots are obtained, which also need to be pinched on the 7th or 8th leaf. As a result, we are able to obtain a plant with a well-developed crown. As for large-flowered chrysanthemums, they are pinched to 10-15 cm, while removing the top bud, because the central shoot produces a poorly formed bud. This variety of chrysanthemums must be planted in pots and tied with pegs, and at the end of May the flower along with the pot is dug into open ground. Knowing how to plant a chrysanthemum, you can get beautiful plants with a large number of inflorescences and a properly formed crown.