The question of whether a do-it-yourself juicer can be made is primarily of interest to the owners of summer cottages and household plots, who annually harvest fruits and berries, which must be quickly processed and stored. Even more relevant to this issue is the fact that juices obtained on their own are much tastier and healthier than those sold in stores.
Today, purchasing a juicer of any capacity is not a problem, but such equipment is not cheap. That is why it is advisable to make a juicer with your own hands, especially since the design similar devices is not highly complex.
How do juicers work
Before you wonder how to make a juicer with your own hands, you should understand the principle by which it works. To get juice from fruits or berries, you need to put pressure on them. According to their design and principle of operation, juicers can be of the following types:
- mechanical devices;
- hydraulic;
- electrohydraulic;
- pneumatic.
The simplest in design are mechanical type juicers, which are most often made by home craftsmen with their own hands. The principle of operation of such devices, which do not differ high performance, but quite suitable for domestic use, is based on the fact that a piston acts on the raw material, pressure on which is applied using a screw mechanism. Fruits and berries are loaded into a perforated basket, through the holes in the walls of which the finished juice flows into the storage tray.
The basket of screw presses can be made from sheet of stainless steel or solid wood. Baskets made of wood are drainage gratings, consisting of two halves connected to each other with metal hoops. Screw presses of the above design can even be used to squeeze apple juice. In this case, the feedstock is loaded into the basket of such a juicer in a finely divided form.
How to make a do-it-yourself juicer
As mentioned above, mechanical presses for squeezing juice are the simplest in design and, accordingly, easy to manufacture. In order for apples with your own hands, on which it will be possible to process other fruit and berry raw materials, you will need the following Consumables and tools:
- stainless steel sheet;
- channel or square metal pipe with a section of 40x40 and a wall thickness of at least 3 mm;
- pipe with a diameter of 16 mm;
- a rod, on the surface of which a thread is applied;
- screw;
- board 30 mm thick;
- welding machine;
- Bulgarian and electric drill;
- hammer;
- hacksaw for metal.
Before you start making a homemade apple juicer, it is advisable to find drawings or drawings of such a device on the Internet or draw them yourself. It would also be useful to watch a video on making a juicer, which shows such a process in all its details.
Juicer press options
In the upper part of the resulting press frame, it is necessary to drill a hole into which the nut for the screw mechanism of the device is welded. Depending on whether you need a large or small juicer, choose the size of the perforated basket and the frame that performs the function load-bearing element the entire juicer.
As a piston, through which the screw mechanism will exert pressure on the raw materials loaded into the basket, you can use a wood board (a circle of the appropriate diameter is cut out of it).
Wooden piston Stainless steel piston PTFE piston
The engine is the heart of the juicer. Today, asynchronous, collector electric motors are used. No wonder - the other technician does not know. Actually, the repair of do-it-yourself juicers is faced with the situation of a failed engine. It is almost impossible to replace the mechanical part, devices based on meat grinders break couplings, plastic bushings when they hit the bones, hydraulic presses have a lot of fuss with oil system. Let's take a look, don't wait detailed guide, but we will consider the main types of faults in sufficient volume.
Juicer device
We hope that reading the review will help readers fix their chosen type of juicer on their own. Nothing complicated inside. Let the upcoming repair of the Scarlet juicer not scare you.
Types of Electric Juicer Motors
Repair of the juicer Rossoshanka, Santos - the difference in the price of the product is 30 times - inside the motor. Rossoshanka does not work for long, noisy, the essence is the same. The properties of the juicer are determined by the design of the mechanical part.
The advantages of asynchronous motors are considered to be simplicity of design, maintenance, high efficiency. Less noisy than collector ones, however, when powered by a voltage of 50 Hz, it is difficult to get revolutions above 3000 per minute. Juicers consider this a serious limitation, Santos has enough large diameter centrifuges. Similarly, we will describe Rossoshanka, Neptune, and other domestic juicers with high performance.
The collectors are devoid of restrictions, they are smaller in size. Lose in other important professional juicer relationships:
- Noise level.
- Short period of continuous operation.
on the shaft electric motors we see the impellers blowing the stator coils. It is done to cool the windings during operation. If, when disassembling the juicer, it turned out that there are no elements inside, it is possible to supplement the design by wisely choosing the shape of the blades. Soften the thermal modes of operation of the electric motor. From the foregoing it follows: asynchronous motors are preferred for the manufacture of high-quality juicers, it remains to solve the problem of speed.
In the case of centrifuge models, the issue is leveled by an increase in the diameter of the working chamber. As a result, with increasing distance from the axis, the centrifugal force increases. It is permissible to reduce the speed of the juicer engine without loss of quality.
Each device is equipped with a set of speeds. In asynchronous motors, it is implemented by proper separation of the stator coils. Not everyone works at the same time, it turns out a variation in speed. The scheme is implemented often, is the correct switching electrical circuit buttons. The technical solution has great reliability, durability, fault tolerance. Positive moment. As for the speed, you can increase it using an inverter in the circuit. It is clear that it will lead to a rise in the cost of the device at times. You can achieve smooth speed control.
As for asynchronous motors, they will easily do it. Adjustable to avoid complex schemes. Losses are reduced if the windings are powered direct current. Inductive reactances have little effect. The minus is small: a complex power supply is required, which reduces the efficiency of the juicer. Listed key points it must be clearly understood if there is a desire to replace the engine. Readers can insure against burnout of the windings by taking the trouble to include a thermal fuse at 135 degrees Celsius in the circuit. The element must fit snugly against the winding. Ideally, the thermal fuse is recessed between the coils of wire. Provides heat transfer.
Forced cooling does not interfere. How is done in the case of juicers, any appliances, have already been told. You can borrow a starter relay induction motor from the refrigerator, along with the motor. There are two subtleties here:
- Juicers rarely use a starting winding; a circuit with a division of the stator coils is used.
- The motor type must match the relay, the overheating protection will not work.
Questions about the use of engines in juicers
Appears weak point cheap juicer models: not protected against engine burnout. Why not put a relay like the accompanying refrigerators. Difficult question, let the readers decide for themselves. The cost of other freezers an order of magnitude (!) Below the top juicers. The refrigerator works day and night, avoiding begging for the required break, does not turn off in the summer. The power of the device is great.
For our reasons reliable technology closer to nature, figuratively speaking. This is directly confirmed by the design of the Norwalk juicer. So in the refrigerator, often all the sensors have nothing to do with electrics, much less electronics. We need more bimetallic plates, thermocouples and other reliable and simple equipment. By the way, geysers they do it, even ignition on a piezoelectric element. In this case, the equipment works for a long time, is reliable and productive. Overheating of the windings is easy to assess by the temperature of the magnetic circuit. Why isn't this done in juicers? Unable to answer this question.
What about Norwalk? Do-it-yourself juicer repair in this case is closely related to hydraulics, which was already mentioned at the beginning. Design:
- Inside is a high-revving engine.
- An auger is put on the shaft according to the principle of the meat grinder.
- The ground cake is placed in a bag and placed on the table of a hydraulic press.
- The oil cylinder is driven through a belt drive, as in washing machines.
Thanks to a well-thought-out solution, the compressor is devoid of electrical parts. Steel block equipped with gaskets. The motor, on the contrary, is made in the best traditions of the machine. One glance is enough to understand: after 5 minutes it will not ask for rest, imitating Zelmer. In light of the foregoing, we believe that it is enough to find the nozzle of a Norwalk auger juicer instead of a meat grinder, having received an excellent device for a long operating time. According to domestic GOST, it means that the equipment can withstand merciless operation during a work shift (8 hours).
The hydraulic unit will periodically need to be filled with new oil. First, the old is merged. After removing the cylinder cover, it is supposed to remove the internal mechanism with a return spring, scoop out the oil. By maintaining the position, the compressor drive starts. Gradually, the oil will be in the cylinder. New is poured three quarters of an inch below the cap. Will an air gap interfere with work? Masters say: powerless to hurt. You will need to track the leakage of fittings, compressor, cylinder. Let's add that the return of the table to its original position is carried out by a spring after pressing the release valve handle.
Juicer repair: what breaks
If it comes to attachments for meat grinders, you will have to change plastic gears and clutches. They come in quantities of 2-8 in a set, sometimes you have to buy new ones. Steel gears of meat grinders-juicers are rare, there is a chance of failure of the precious engine. You wonder how industrial units work ...
It is clear to readers that the main types of malfunctions relate to the engine. First check the power, then the continuity of the windings begins. Having localized the malfunction, they make attempts to wind the coils again. In the case of a collector motor, it is feasible, the stator is a dull choke strung on a magnetic circuit. Collector motors are called for each position of the section until the drum has completed a full revolution. The rotor of a squirrel-cage induction motor is unable to burn out. The current is small copper wire often inseparable from the base of the "squirrel cage" by insulation. The device of the juicer is so primitive, the mechanics (bearings, oil seals, gears), the drive break down.
About the repair of power supplies told repeatedly. Pulse sources are found in expensive models equipped with the rudiments of intelligence.
The SV-1 juicer of the Kharkov Electrotyazhmash plant has long become a rarity. But thanks to the high quality of the extraction, it can still compete with the most modern juicers, which is why it is still very popular in many families. Unfortunately, time does not spare either people or things. So SV-1 once failed. What to do?
The signs of a malfunction were simple and obvious even to owners of a juicer far from electrical engineering - when you turn on the juicer buzzed, but did not budge. Naturally, repair shops household appliances did not take up the matter. I had to turn to the craftsmen, that is, to me.
The juicer brought for repair turned out to be in the most original configuration. All parts of the juicer itself were in place, the original cardboard box, instruction manual and even a passport. By the way, the date of issue of this juicer is indicated in the passport - May 31, 1971. It turns out that she exchanged the forty-third year of her existence. Age, to be sure, for a juicer is very respectable.
The characteristics of the SV-1 juicer are not impressive at first glance. The juicer is centrifugal, the power of the electric motor is 350 W, the drum rotation speed is only 3000 rpm, there is no automatic pulp ejection. This means that every 3-5 minutes the juicer must be stopped and manually cleaned of the pulp. Modern juicers have automatic pulp ejection, power from 300 to 1000 W and drum rotation speed up to 12000-15000 rpm and more.
It would seem, why reanimate the junk? But let's take a closer look. Under the lid of the juicer there is a disc grater and a mesh drum. Unlike most modern juicers, SV-1 has vertical wall drum.
On the one hand, this does not allow the use of automatic pulp removal. On the other hand, the cylindrical drum allows you to squeeze up to 95% juice found in fruits and vegetables. The best juicers with conical drums and automatic pulp removal squeeze out no more than 60-70% juice, the rest goes with waste in the cake. There are many reviews on the web about a large number of juice in the waste of juicers with conical drums, to the point that the cake is easily squeezed out by hand. Juicer SV-1 wipe it all out!
Therefore, we proceed to the autopsy of the patient. To do this, open the clamping levers, remove the lid, unscrew the clamping nut, remove the drum, grater disk and juice collector. Before us is the engine block.
If you remove the rubber shock absorbers marked in the figure, then the motor mounting screws will be found. After unscrewing them, the housing is easily removed and access to the motor is opened. Unfortunately, now the juicer has already been repaired, so there is no desire to disassemble it again for photos. But inside everything is simple and clear.
The SV-1 juicer uses a motor original design. It's single phase shaded pole motor. It has two windings located on the stator poles. Usually to run single phase motor use a capacitor. Here, additional short-circuited windings from one turn of a thick copper bus are used to start, covering part of the pole piece. The rotor is an ordinary squirrel-cage, rotates in real Soviet bearings. When worn, the bearings are easy to replace with new ones, but even after 40 years of operation, this is not necessary.
The advantages of the engine are simplicity of design and high reliability. There is practically nothing to break here. Therefore, they immediately fell under suspicion stator windings. There is an interturn circuit, one winding creates a stronger magnetic field, and the weak field of the additional windings is not enough to move the rotor from its place.
Several times were enough to restore working capacity. press well on the windings from all possible sides. The wires in the winding were arranged differently, and the interturn short circuit disappeared. The repair is completed, the juicer has earned like new!
In more severe cases, it would be necessary to rewind the motor windings. This is also a very real task, the windings can be removed from the stator. But this is a much more laborious work and a completely different story.
Juicer owners are often interested in how to disassemble this kitchen unit correctly - that is, without compromising its functionality. The need for analysis appears when there is a violation in the normal functioning of the device, because some malfunctions can be eliminated on their own, thereby saving the budget.
Common reasons for when you need to disassemble the juicer
- liquid got into the equipment;
- there was a power surge;
- the load is exceeded due to the long running time of the juicer.
The following signs may indicate a breakdown:
- excessive heating and sparking of equipment - the juicer needs to be replaced by certain parts;
- slow rotation of the shaft - most likely it will be necessary to clean or replace the bearings;
- the smell of burning is caught, there are traces of blackness on the juicer - this happens if the winding of the product has burned out - in this case only its replacement will help.
These are the main causes of failure and how to eliminate them.
IMPORTANT! A burnt motor winding is the most serious malfunction - the rest can be easily fixed at home.
What are the parts of a juicer?
Absolutely any juicer has a standard set of parts in the kit:
- electric motor;
- product cover;
- product pusher;
- dishes for collecting fruit and vegetable juice;
- strainer and insert under it;
- utensils for collecting cake of vegetables and fruits.
Necessary tools and disassembly steps
To disassemble all types of such equipment, you do not need a lot of tools: you will need a standard set of screwdrivers of various shapes and types. The main parts of the juicer are fixed on the heck, screws and clamps, you may need more tools in case of a complex breakdown, but you should not prepare them in advance, since it is better to contact specialists with a complex breakdown.
Before disassembling the juicer, be sure to unplug the appliance from the outlet and set the switch button to the off mode. As soon as the equipment stops working and making noise, you can start working. It is necessary to remove the plastic pusher from the container for loading fruits and vegetables. Remove the pulp and waste container. You also need to make sure that all the juice flows out, you need to tilt the equipment forward and towards yourself and disconnect the liquid container.
The next step in disassembling the device is a careful study of the attached instructions. Do not rely on "maybe" and do everything at random, as this can lead to more big problems and the impossibility of repairing the juicer at all later. You can cause a defect in technology that simply cannot be eliminated.
REFERENCE! Almost all instructions for the technique are similar, you can download them from the Internet.
After reading the instructions, you need to proceed with the removal top cover and all retaining elements. They are either tightly inserted into each other, or fixed to special plastic or metal clips, that is, you need to remove everything that is fixed without the use of tools and that may interfere with the disassembly of the juicer motor.
To remove the engine mounts of the unit and remove it, it is necessary to turn the equipment upside down and unscrew 4 bolts on the bottom. After that, remove and unscrew all fasteners of the pads electrical wires With reverse side unit. Thus, the bottom will be completely freed - it can be removed to the side.
After all these manipulations, the drive disk is removed from the shaft of the equipment. This must be done by keeping the part from turning in the other direction by detaching the bolts and nuts. Another way is to lift it up if it is just firmly mounted on the shaft itself without the use of nuts and screws.
The next step is to remove the motor cover. It is necessary to remove all screws and bolts that interfere with the direct removal of the shift knob and release all wires. Also unscrew all the juicer motor control board bolts and set aside.
After all the procedures, it is easy to unscrew the screws of the electric motor itself and remove it.
To inspect the rotor of the equipment, it is necessary to remove the engine and disconnect all wires, then remove required part and inspect for defects or damage. It is also advisable to check the bearings by turning them with your finger a couple of times. If everything is in order, then the rotor should move by inertia without difficulty.
In order for the juicer to work, it is necessary to process it from dirt and dust, inspect it. Ring with a special device all the wires, the motor winding and other elements of the board.
D.Lepaev
Drinking a glass of fruit or vegetable juice is nice at any time of the year. but to prepare it with a grater and subsequent wringing is not so easy. Considerable expenditure of time and effort is required. And an electric juicer handles this matter almost instantly.
This compact device is easy to use and consumes negligible electricity. An hour of continuous operation of the juicer costs a few cents.
Electric juicers are designed to extract juice from fresh fruits and vegetables by grinding the product and centrifuging. In addition, they are used for chopping and cutting fruits and vegetables into slices.
In Russia, the following classification of electric juicers has been adopted (Table 1).
Electric juicers, depending on the additional operations performed and structural elements, four degrees of comfort are produced (highest, first, second, third). Comfort items include:
devices for grating raw vegetables, chopping and cutting vegetables, mixing liquids, chopping vegetables and fruits;
electric brake;
a device for storing a connecting cord;
speed controller;
additional filter for better cleaning juice. Juicers have a non-removable connecting cord 1.5 m long. The sound level for the device of the highest quality category should be no more than 72 dBA and for the device of the first quality category - no more than 74 dBA.
Technical characteristics of domestic electric juicers are given in Table. 2.
Electric juicer “Juice”
type SVMR consists of an electric drive housing 1 (Fig. 1), in which it is fixed with four screws asynchronous electric motor 2. Platform 8 is mounted on the motor shaft and fixed with fonts, on which, with the help of
A mesh basket 4 and a grater disk 5 are installed and fixed with plastic nuts. A plastic perforated tape 7 is placed in the mesh basket along its walls.
On the body 1 of the electric drive is installed the body 3 of the juicer. To fix it on the body of the electric drive there is a special ledge. The body of the juicer is closed with a cover 6, which has a loading window for placing products. The lid is latched using the carrying handle, translated into a vertical position. Using switch 9, the electric motor rotates the mesh basket and the grating disc.
Products placed through the loading window are fed by a pusher to the knives of the grater disk. The crushed products under the influence of centrifugal force are thrown on basket walls. The juice flows through the holes in the belt and the basket into tray 3 and flows into the prepared dishes.
When preparing the juicer for operation, it is necessary to install the body 3 so that the flats on the holes of the basket and the disk coincide with the flats on the platform shaft. The grater disk and the mesh basket are fixed with a nut.
Dismantling the juicer
comes down to disassembly of the drive. To do this, put the drive on the table, unscrew the four screws securing the bottom and remove it. Place a support under the output shaft of the drive (so as not to bend the shaft) and, using a beard or tube, knock out the pin that fixes the platform hub 8 on the shaft. Remove platform. Loosen the clamp screw that secures the power cord to the drive housing. Loosen the two screws securing the switch. Loosen the four screws securing the motor to the housing. Remove the electric motor from the housing along with the switch and cord. To disassemble the engine, unscrew the four nuts that tighten the front shield, stator package and rear shield with the help of studs. Disconnect the switch and connecting cord. Replace defective part or assembly.Reassemble in reverse order. At the same time, lubricate the bearings by dropping a few drops of mineral oil into each bearing.
If the juicer does not turn on, check the serviceability of the cord, switch, motor windings.
If the motor hums, but the shaft does not rotate, check for rotor sticking. If necessary, ensure free rotation of the rotor by loosening the stator pack tie and then fixing it. Check the condition of the bearings, add grease. If there is strong vibration, check the quality of assembly of all parts, as well as the reliability of fixing the grater disk and basket on the platform shaft.
Electric squeezer "Zhuravushka-2" SVSP-301.
Juice is obtained by grinding the product with a grater disc and centrifugation. The pulp is periodically removed by bringing the blades of the ejector mechanism to inner surface rotating centrifuge.The electric juicer consists of an electric motor 25 (Fig. 2), a sieve 3 for centrifugal filtration, housings 13 and 16 with a loading hopper, a fan 18, a grater disk 2, a tray 5 and an ejector 12.
Dismantling the juicer for repair.
Remove pusher 4, tray 5, cover 9, nozzle 7, unscrew clamp 11 and screw 10. Remove ejector 12, spring washer 8 and handle 6. Unscrew clamp 1. Remove grating disc 2, sieve 3, body 13. Unscrew screw 19, remove fan 18, unscrew screws 17, remove housing 16. Unscrew nut 23 and screw 20, remove clip 22 with spring 21. Unsolder wires from switch terminals 24 and remove switch. Unsolder the wires from the capacitor leads. Loosen the screw and remove the capacitor. Unscrew the screw 15, remove the electric motor 25. Unscrew the screw on the block, remove the connecting cord 14 and wires.Replacement of the electric motor.
Unsolder the wires from the terminals of the switch 24 and from the terminals of the capacitor. Unscrew the screw 15 and remove the electric motor 25. Install a new electric motor and assemble the device in the reverse order.
Replacing the connecting cord.
Unscrew the block screw, remove the connecting cord 14 and wires. Install a new connecting cord.
Capacitor replacement.
Unsolder the wires from the capacitor leads. Loosen the screw and remove the capacitor. Install a new capacitor and solder the wires.
Assembly. Remove traces of dirt from the body parts of the juicer. Reassemble in the reverse order of disassembly.
Adjustment after assembly. After assembling the lid of the electric juicer, it is necessary that the handle 6 of the ejector 12 turns with little effort. Adjust the turn of the handle with screw 10. The gap between the grater disk 2 and the cover hopper should be 0.5 mm. The gap is adjusted by screw 26, located on the lower shield of the electric motor. After adjustment, the screw must be locked with a nut and painted with enamel.
Inspection and testing. External inspection is carried out visually. At the same time, the integrity of the assembly units is checked, appearance, completeness.
The function test is carried out by briefly switching on the electrical network. The insulation of the juicer must withstand a sinusoidal voltage of 4500 V for 1 minute.
The test voltage is applied to the pins of the cord plug connected to each other and the body of the electric juicer. To check the strength of the insulation, a breakdown unit UPU-1M or similar is used. To test circuits electrical circuit use an avometer.
Repaired juicers must comply with the requirements of GOST R 50938-96 "Repair and Maintenance electrical appliances and appliances".
REPAIR&SERVICE-11 2000
