Note! In the process of growth, the lower leaves of the date palm sometimes darken and die, which often begins to alarm the grower. But if it does not become widespread, then this is a common, natural phenomenon.
top dressing
For date palms, a liquid organic fertilizer is best. I do not advise beginner flower growers to experiment with cooking, but to buy ready-made fertilizer. During the period of active development, the plant three times a month. Also good result additional monthly feeding with a solution of potassium nitrate (one gram per liter of water) also gives. In winter, top dressing does not stop, but is reduced to once a month.
Transfer
As I have already noted, the date grows very slowly, therefore it is considered young for quite a long time, up to about 5 years. summer age. It is transplanted until this age is reached annually. After, the palm tree is transplanted only when the need arises. Most often this is necessary when the pot becomes small for the plant. For very big plants and only the replacement of the top layer of the earth is practiced. Moreover, if the roots protrude excessively to the surface of the earth, then they are also cut off (a layer of 5 to 10 centimeters). If you do not want to use purchased land, you can make it yourself by mixing soddy soil, humus, compost and sand in equal parts. Provide good drainage to avoid standing water.
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The date palm is a plant of the palm family. In total there are about 20 species. It grows mainly in Africa and Eurasia. This plant has been known to mankind for over two thousand years. The first mention dates back to the VI century BC - already at that time the date palm was grown in Mesopotamia (the territory of modern Iraq).
The tree belongs to the feathery species of palm trees. In nature, it can reach up to 30 m. The fruits of the date palm are a well-known and beloved delicacy grown on an industrial scale by many. The juice is used to make sugar. However, indoor date palms have long gained popularity, interest in which has especially increased when it became known that they can be successfully grown from date pits. But before growing a date from a seed, you need to know the conditions for growing a plant in nature.
Growing conditions
In nature, it is a squat shrub or tree with feathery leaves, which are the main decorative advantage of this plant. A date palm at home from a seed can only grow up to 2 meters, but even in this case, this houseplant will require a significant amount of space. Indoors, an adult tree is placed in spacious rooms where there is little furniture. But if it is grown from a seed, you can always allocate space for a small pot at home, because the date will grow for quite a long time.
The date palm blooms in panicles of yellow flowers. But eating dates from this tree will not work: this exotic tree begins to bloom and bear fruit when it reaches a height of 15 meters, which, of course, is simply impossible at home.
Growing date palm from seed
How to grow a date palm from seed? First of all, you should prepare for landing planting material. For reliability, it is advisable to plant several seeds at once. Then prepare the soil for planting. Bones from fresh, dried or candied dates may come up - the most important thing is that the fruits are not subjected to early heat treatment. To get soil suitable for seed germination, sand, raw sawdust and peat should be mixed in equal parts.
The bones are placed vertically in the ground, a layer of 1 cm of the same substrate is poured on top. The container or pot is placed in a fairly warm place where the air temperature is more than 20-25 ºC. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is moist at all times, but not wet. It is recommended to keep it close to a heat source. No need to wait for quick results: the stone in the ground can sit and swell until the sprout appears for 3 or even 6 months.
When the sprouts appear, the container must be transferred to a bright light, but at the same time, the seedlings should be protected from direct rays. The soil should be regularly moistened, and the seedlings should be sprayed. warm water. When the seedlings grow up to 10-15 cm, they must be planted in separate pots, the diameter of which is 15 cm. The soil should consist of 4 parts of humus, 1 part of peat soil and two parts of sand, leaf and sod land. You can also add 2 handfuls of charcoal to the mixture. Before planting, everything is thoroughly mixed. Don't forget to put a drainage layer on the bottom of the pot.
A date palm at home from a seed can give leaves only after 3 or even 5 years. The growing point of the plant is located at the top of the trunk, so it should not be cut off or in any way attempted to form the crown of the tree. You need to make sure that the new leaf arrow is turned into a shadow. Also, turn the pot from time to time so that the crown forms evenly.
Date palm from the stone: care
Caring for a home tree is quite simple. It must be kept in a bright, sunny and well-ventilated area. In summer, the air temperature can be any, and in winter - not lower than 12-13 ºC, but not more than 18 ºC.
In the heat, the leaves of the plant can dry out at the ends, so it is advisable to spray them several times a day or wipe them with a wet sponge, and organize a shower for the plant once a week.
In summer, the palm tree should be fed weekly with mineral and organic fertilizers, in the fall it should be fertilized once every two weeks. In winter, it is enough to apply complex fertilizer once a month.
Watering
A date grown from a stone at home requires regular, balanced watering with settled soft water. Balanced watering involves moistening the soil so that the plant has enough moisture, but no more. In order for excess moisture not to stagnate in the roots, you must not forget to lay a thick drainage layer in the pot when transplanting.
Transfer
Young plants that have not reached the age of five are transplanted annually, and those that are older - if necessary, because this tree does not like to be disturbed. When transplanting, they act very carefully so that the root of the date palm is not damaged. It is best to use the transfer of the plant from the old container to the new one. The pot should be deep enough, as it has long roots, and each next flowerpot should be 3 or even 4 cm larger in diameter than the previous one. If the old palm container is still fit, but the soil has already lost its useful qualities for the plant, it should be carefully removed during transplantation. upper layer old substrate and replace it with fresh. This is done every six months.
reproduction
At home, the date palm is propagated only by seeds - seeds.
Pests
Most often, the date palm at home from the stone, in violation of the conditions of detention, suffers from the following pests:
- spider mite;
- scale insects;
- mealybugs.
The best way to deal with pests is to correct care mistakes. Removal of insects and tree-destroying traces of their vital activity is best done mechanically by wiping the leaves with a soap and vodka solution. It is prepared as follows: 15 g of any liquid soap, dishwashing detergent or grated solid soap dissolved in warm water and diluted in one liter of warm water. Next, 2 tbsp is added to the solution. spoons of vodka. If necessary, the processing of the leaves is repeated, only you need to remember to protect the soil from the solution getting into it. In case of severe pest infestation, insecticide treatment should be resorted to, the best of which is Aktellik.
Diseases
The date palm, grown at home from the stone, is prone to the following diseases:
- spotting, which disfigures the leaf plate;
- pink rot, affecting both leaves and stem, and causing them to rot.
Fortunately, only sick and weak plants are susceptible to infection with these diseases, so the key to the health of a date is, first of all, compliance with the rules of care. If the date palm, grown from the stone at home, is sick, it is necessary to carry out a double treatment with a fungicide that contains methyl thiophanate and mancozeb.
Why does the date palm begin to dry?
Sometimes the leaves of the plant begin to dry from the tips. This indicates that in the room where the tree is located, low humidity air (normal 50%). There are many ways to increase it to the desired value. Spray and wash the leaves, otherwise the plant will lose its decorative appeal, and it will be a pity for wasted time and effort. Remember, the date palm, grown from the stone at home, dries up only in negligent owners.
Why does the date palm turn yellow?
The reason is irregular spraying of the leaves of the plant, insufficient watering.
Why do date palm leaves turn dark?
If the soil in the pot where the exotic date palm from the stone grows is subjected to constant waterlogging, the leaves gradually begin to darken, turn brown, the plant stem becomes soft, and the smell of rot emanates from the tree. In this case, stop watering, remove it from the pot and inspect the roots: if they are dark, soft and watery, the palm tree has already died. But if there are still living roots between the rotten roots, then you need to cut off the dead roots, sprinkle the cuts with crushed coal, and then transplant the plant into fresh soil.
The date palm does not grow
As already mentioned, the temperature in a room with a palm tree should not be in winter time below 12 ºC. At other times of the year, it is not lower than 18-20 ºC, since root growth stops at 16-17 ºC, root activity slows down significantly, and the palm tree cannot absorb the necessary nutrients. This is what causes growth to stop.
Can cause stunting and high soil acidity, which causes a lack of iron and manganese, so it is quite important to adhere to the correct temperature regime, as well as maintain soil acidity (pH below 7 units).
So, we looked at how to grow a date palm from a seed. There is nothing complicated about this, and the decorative qualities of the plant, of course, are worth all the effort spent. The tree can perfectly fit into a modern interior.
Or Phoenix, or Date (lat. Phoenix)- a genus of plants of the Palm family, which includes about 20 species growing in Africa and Eurasia. This plant has been known to mankind for more than two millennia, the first mention of it dates back to the sixth century BC - even then the date palm was grown in Mesopotamia, on the territory of modern Iraq. The date palm belongs to the feathery species of palms, like howea or coconut, and in nature sometimes reaches a height of thirty meters. The fruits of the date palm are a widely known and beloved delicacy by many, for which the plant is grown on an industrial scale. In addition, date palm sap is used to produce sugar. However, the indoor date palm has long become popular, and interest in it has especially increased since it became known that it is quite possible to grow it from a date seed. But before you grow a date palm at home, you should study the conditions for its growth in nature.
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Planting and caring for a date palm (in brief)
- Bloom: decorative leafy plant.
- Lighting: bright sunlight.
- Temperature: common for residential premises, but in winter cooler conditions are needed - within 12-18 ˚C.
- Watering: regular, moderate.
- Air humidity: in the hot season, it is recommended to spray the leaves with water and wipe them with a damp sponge, and take a shower once a week. In winter, the plant should be kept as far away from heating devices as possible.
- Top dressing: in spring and summer, fertilizers are applied every week for palm trees or for decorative leafy plants; in winter, one top dressing per month is enough.
- rest period: at home it is not expressed, but it is advisable to give the plant a rest for 1-1.5 months in winter.
- Transfer: up to five years, the plant is transplanted annually, then as needed and as rarely as possible.
- Reproduction: bones (seeds).
- Pests: spider mites, scale insects, mealybugs.
- Diseases: pink rot, leaf spot, root rot.
Read more about growing date palms below.
Home date palm - growing conditions
In nature, the date palm plant is a tree or squat shrub with feathery leaves - the main decorative advantage of the plant. A date palm at home can only grow up to two meters, and even in this case, a date palm houseplant requires considerable space, therefore, it is placed mature plant in rooms where there is almost no furniture. But if a date palm is grown from a stone, at home you can always find a place for a small pot, because such a tree will grow for a very long time, and there, you see, living conditions will change for the better, and there will be enough space in the apartment for a date palm. In the end, an adult large plant can be placed in the office. The date palm blooms with panicles of yellow flowers. But do not expect to eat dates from your palm tree: the tree begins to bloom, and, consequently, bear fruit only when it reaches a height of fifteen meters, which is impossible at home.
Date palm from the stone
How to grow a date palm from seed
Before planting a date palm, you need to prepare the date seeds themselves for planting, which, for reliability, it is better to plant several at once, and prepare the soil for planting. Bones are suitable from fresh, candied or dried dates - the main thing is that the fruits are not subjected to heat treatment. In order for the bones to sprout faster, it is better to break their shell slightly by rubbing sandpaper, and in order to get the soil necessary for seed germination, you need to mix raw sawdust, sand and peat in equal parts. The bones are placed vertically in the ground and sprinkled on top with a layer of the same substrate 1 cm thick, then the pot or container is placed in a warm place where the temperature is above 20 ºC, and even better - 25-30 ºC, and contain, observing that the soil all the time was warm, damp, but not wet. To do this, it is best to keep it near heat sources by laying sphagnum moss on the surface of the substrate. Do not wait quick results: a seed can sit in the ground and swell before it sprouts, and three months, and six months.
When the sprouts hatch, move the container to a bright light, protecting the seedlings from direct rays, regularly moisten the soil and spray the seedlings with warm water, and when they grow to 10-15 cm, plant the seedlings in personal pots with a diameter of 15 cm in a four-part soil humus, one part of peat land with the addition of two parts of sand, sod and leaf land. Throw a couple of handfuls of charcoal into the mixture as well and mix everything thoroughly before planting. Don't forget to put a layer of drainage material on the bottom of the pot.
The date palm grown from the stone at home can only give leaves in the third or even in the fifth year of life. The growing point of the date palm is at the top of the trunk, so you can’t cut it off or try to form a tree crown in any way. Make sure that the new leaf arrow is turned from light to shadow, and rotate the pot around the axis from time to time so that the crown of the tree forms evenly.
Date palm care at home
How to care for a date palm
home care date palm very simple. Keep it in a bright, sunny place in a well-ventilated area. The temperature in summer can be any, but in winter it should be no higher than 18 ºC and no lower than 12 ºC.
In hot weather, date palm leaves can dry out from the ends, so it is advisable to spray them several times a day or wipe them with a damp sponge, and organize a shower for the plant once a week, covering the top layer of soil from moisture.
In the spring and summer, feed your palm weekly with organic and mineral fertilizers, in autumn, fertilize twice as rarely - once every two weeks, in winter, if necessary, it is enough to apply complex fertilizers once a month.
Watering the date palm
Growing a date palm involves regular, balanced watering of the plant with settled soft water. What does balanced watering mean? This means that you need to moisten the soil so that the plant has enough water, but no more. So that excess moisture does not stagnate in the roots of the plant, do not forget to put a thick layer of drainage into the pot when transplanting.
date palm transplant
Young plants under the age of five are transplanted annually, older ones only if necessary, because the date palm does not like to be disturbed. When transplanting, you need to act as carefully as possible so as not to damage the date palm root, so it is best to use the method of transferring the plant from an old pot to a new one. The pot for the date palm should be deep, because its roots are long, and each subsequent flowerpot should be 3-4 cm larger in diameter than the previous one. Before transplanting a date palm, do not forget about the drainage layer. If old pot it’s still just right for a palm tree, but you are worried that the soil has already lost the qualities necessary for the plant, carefully remove the top layer of the old substrate and replace it with fresh one. This must be done every six months.
Reproduction of the date palm
The date palm at home reproduces only by seeds - in other words, by seeds.
Pests and diseases of the date palm
insect pests
Most often, if the conditions of detention are violated, the date palm suffers from spider mites, mealybugs and scale insects. The best way pest control - correct care errors. It is best to remove insects and traces of their vital activity that destroy the plant mechanically, wiping the leaves of the date palm with a soap and vodka solution (15 g of liquid soap, any dishwashing detergent or a teaspoon of grated solid soap dissolved in warm water, diluted in a liter of warm water and added to solution of two tablespoons of vodka). If the number did not pass, after a week the processing of the leaves must be repeated, just do not forget to protect the soil in the pot from getting soap into it. With a strong pest infestation, you will have to resort to treating date palm leaves with insecticides, and the best of them is actellik.
Of the diseases of the date palm, spotting is known that disfigures the leaf plate, and pink rot, which affects not only the leaves, but sometimes the stem, and causes them to rot. Fortunately, only weak and diseased plants are susceptible to infection with these diseases, so the key to the health of the date palm is that you follow the rules for caring for it. If trouble happened and the plant got sick, double-treat the palm with a fungicide containing mancozeb and methyl thiophanate, observing a weekly interval between sessions.
The date palm dries
Sometimes the date palm leaves dry from the tips, and this is a clear indication that the room where the plant is located has too low air humidity at a normal rate of 50%. This is not so much, and there are more than enough ways to increase the humidity of the air to the desired value, so do not be lazy to spray and wash the leaves, otherwise the palm will lose its decorative effect, and it will be a pity for wasted time and effort. Remember that the date palm dries up only with a negligent owner.
The date palm turns yellow
If you have not changed your attitude to caring for the palm in time and have not resolved the issue of supplying the plant with moisture at all levels, the next signal of a violation of the water balance after dry tips is the yellowing leaves of the date palm. This means that you not only spray the leaves of the plant irregularly, but also forget to water it, allowing the earthen clod in the pot to dry out. If you do not have enough time to take care of the plant, think maybe it would be better to give the date palm to someone who will find time to take care of it?
Date palm leaves darken
When the soil in a date palm pot is chronically waterlogged, the leaves of the plant gradually darken from green to brown, the trunk becomes soft, and the plant smells of rot. As soon as you notice this, stop watering the palm tree, take it out of the pot and inspect the roots: if they have become dark, soft and watery, the plant has already died, but if there are still living ones among the rotten roots, then it makes sense to cut off the dead roots, sprinkling the slices with crushed charcoal, and transplant the date palm into fresh soil.
It is pleasant and prestigious to have a date palm at home, because an exotic houseplant will perfectly decorate any interior. It makes no difference what kind of species you have, knowing how to care for a date palm will be useful to all data owners indoor plants.
Even young bushes that do not yet have beautiful trunks are already proudly called a palm tree, therefore good care will surely make any nondescript sprout a real pride of the house, if it is correct and constant.
Date palm at home
In the wild, the date palm grows in India and Africa, scientists know 17 of its species. Among the hot sand, the tree lives for about 150 years and during this time many new plants appear around it, grown from its seeds and roots. Is it possible that a desert palm tree can also grow in our apartments without specific care?
- Robelena (Phoenix Roebelenii) with a very beautiful dense crown no higher than 1.5-2 meters.
- Canarian (Phoenix Canariensis) - height up to 2 meters, feathery trunks, hard straight and narrow leaves.
- Fingered (Phoenix Dactylifera) - the most common form, not very beautiful, but relatively fast growing. The disadvantage of this plant is that its trunk will gradually become bare over time.
Growing a date at home takes a lot of dedication and time, but it can be a great hobby for years to come. Many are trying to grow date palms from, this is an excellent way out for everyone who is not able to purchase an adult seedling, which is relatively expensive.
How to care for a date palm
The date tree will not please with beauty for the first five years, its decorative value will appear only after 5-7 years. Do not expect that, having grown a date from a seed, it will be possible to have an excellent decor for your home in a couple of years.
In order for your house to be decorated with an adult indoor date palm, caring for it throughout the years has several important points:
- It must be constantly turned towards the sun so that the sun's rays reach all the leaves. Without light, the leaves stretch, develop unevenly and become brittle.
- The plant is very afraid of drafts. Ventilating housing in the autumn-winter period, you need to protect it from cold air currents.
- When watering, stagnation of water at the roots should not be allowed, so good drainage is a prerequisite. For irrigation, use settled, soft water without chlorine at a temperature of about 20 ° C.
- The leaves need to be sprayed daily, as the tree needs moist air. Once a week, the plant will even need a real shower, but during the procedure, an earthen lump in a pot must be carefully covered with a film.
- The leaves should also be regularly wiped with damp sponges so that they are not attacked by pests and just so that the palm tree has a well-groomed appearance.
- In no case is it permissible to cut or break off the top of a palm tree. Pruning the top of the stem is fraught with the death of the plant.
- Mineral and organic fertilizers apply twice a month during the warm period and once a month - in the winter. Complex preparations for palm trees or for decorative and deciduous houseplants are suitable. They are applied only in wet soil, in a diluted form.
Date palm - transplant, transshipment
The plant often begins to hurt after transplantation. It is very difficult to tolerate it if everything is done in the traditional way. How to transplant a date palm, should it be done at all?
A young date palm (up to 4-5 years old) is transplanted annually, and an adult plant - after 2-3 years. This is done in the spring. Every six months, it is recommended to remove the top soil layer and fill the vacant place with new soil.
A transplant is required only when the roots no longer fit in the pot and they are clearly visible through the drainage holes, so each transplant (more precisely, transshipment) is done into a pot 3-4 cm larger in diameter. To do this, the bush is carefully rolled over into a new container, and the voids are filled with soil.
Specialists in the care of date palms at home have noticed: the larger the pot becomes, the more intense the plant begins to grow. But you can not take too large containers, as in them the growth of the tree may stop.
For transplantation, store-bought soil mixtures “For palm trees” are taken, or the soil is prepared independently based on:
- 2 parts of light clay-turf;
- 2 parts of humus-leaf;
- 1 part peat;
- 1 part of rotted manure;
- 1 part sand;
- some charcoal.
The soil should be loose, soft, permeable to air and moisture. At the bottom of the pot, be sure to place a good layer of drainage so that it prevents water stagnation as much as possible. The pot should be chosen not wide, but high, so that long roots fit well.
Diseases of date palms
It would seem that the indoor date palm receives care, but its appearance is not on high level- it dries, the leaves turn yellow, darken, curl. What could be the problem?
Consider what are the diseases of the date palm due to illiterate care:
- If the leaves become completely dark, almost brown, the trunk is soft, a putrid smell is felt, then this indicates waterlogged soil. After the appearance of such signs, watering stops, you need to wait for the soil to dry.
- It is necessary to examine the state of the root system, for this the plant is removed from the container in which it grows. If all the roots are soft, watery, dark, then they have already died and it is impossible to save such a palm tree. If there are living roots, then they must be carefully protected from the dead by cutting and sprinkling crushed charcoal on the cut points.
- If only their tips turn brown on the leaves, then this happens as a result of a lack of watering, dry air or winter drafts, and sudden changes in temperature. brown leaves below are not scary - it's age-related changes. The darkened leaves have died off, so they should be cut with a sharp knife, they will not be restored.
- If the date palm turns yellow, it means that it is watered either with hard water, or it receives less moisture and nutrients. From insufficient watering, the leaves fall down, and this defect cannot be corrected. You can lift them by tying them to a support.
- A pale appearance indicates too much light or a red lesion. spider mite. To protect the tree from bright sunlight, you need to lightly shade the plant.
- If the date palm dries, the leaves fall off, darken, curl, brown plaques appear on their surface - the plant dies from pests.
Pest control - scale insects, mealybug or spider mites is standard for all indoor plants. You need to wash the leaves with a solution laundry soap, sprinkle with garlic extract. If a severe lesion is observed, a solution of Aktellik (broad-spectrum insecticide) is applied - 1-2 ml per liter of water.
Today you learned what a date palm can be at home, how to care for it, how to transplant it correctly, and what diseases can harm your pet. Don't stop there, let your first growing experience exotic plants will help you create a real greenhouse. Winter Garden at home is a dream that many fail to realize, but you can definitely do it! Good luck!
The date palm is one of the most popular exotic plants grown at home. Moreover, if you provide this plant comfortable conditions and care for it properly, then you can enjoy home-grown dates.
It is impossible to call the date palm a plant that is difficult to care for, for her active growth and abundant fruiting, just a few mandatory aspects of care are enough: enough light, abundant watering and regular top dressing . We will talk about how to properly care for this plant at home in today's article.
Choosing the right place
The date palm does not tolerate direct sun rays because they leave burns on its leaves. For this plant, it is better to allocate a place where there will be a sufficient amount of diffused light. If the date palm does not have enough lighting, then the edges of its leaves begin to turn yellow, this is easy to notice if you place the flower in partial shade.
Optimal date palm watering
In the summer, the earthen coma should not be allowed to dry out, therefore the plant should be watered frequently and abundantly, but in winter, when the temperature should be much lower, the plant should be watered when the earth is completely dry.
For irrigation, you need to use settled water room temperature, tap water can cause various diseases in the plant. In the summer heat, you can add spraying the plant from a spray bottle or wiping the leaves with a damp cloth.
Optimal temperature and humidity
The most difficult task facing a florist who wants to grow a date palm at home is maintaining a suitable temperature regime. Most often, the date palm is placed in air-conditioned rooms, where the temperature, even in the heat of summer, does not rise above +23 - +24 degrees. Optimum temperature in summer +17 - +21 degrees, and in winter the date palm calmly tolerates a drop in temperature to +11 - +12 degrees.
The humidity level should be in the range of 40-50%, therefore this plant should not be left near heaters that dry the air.
Necessary top dressing and fertilizers
The number and frequency of feeding depends solely on the goals that you set for yourself. If it is just about growing a date palm as decorative ornament different rooms, then this plant can easily endure the absence of additional fertilizers. But if you are interested in the fruiting of this plant, then you can not do without additional fertilizers. On average, it is desirable to fertilize a date palm once every two weeks; complex fertilizers are perfect for these purposes. mineral fertilizers .
Plant transplant
Like many other palms, date palms do not tolerate transplanting with a complete replacement of the soil and cutting off the roots, therefore this plant is transferred from one pot to another, only with the replacement of the top layer of the earth. Transshipment perform every year for young plants and once every 2-3 years for older representatives. For transplanting, either a soil mixture for palm trees or even the simplest - universal soil for indoor plants is suitable.
If your date palm is still very small, then you should not choose too large a container for it, it is better to start with a small pot, and with each next transplant, choose a container slightly larger than the previous one.
The best time for transshipment of a date palm is the middle of spring, or rather - April month. During this period, the active growth of this plant is just beginning, because new ground and free space for the rhizome will contribute to the rapid growth of your palm.
Reproduction of the date palm
The easiest and most popular method of date palm propagation is seminal
, the best part is that even the bones from dried dates bought on the market will do. First, the bone is freed from the pulp, then it must be left for three days in a container of water. You need to plant a date bone in a container with an earthen mixture, which often consists of leafy soil, turf and sand.
Well, if the house has a greenhouse, then the bones will germinate much faster. It is important to remember that the necessary attributes for active growth date pits- abundance sunlight and enough moisture.
