How to choose a chain for a chainsaw of a certain brand. Chainsaw chain pitch value Which chains are better for chainsaws

The chain is a key element of any chainsaw. From type cutting tool installed on the unit, the quality and speed of work when sawing wood depends. For novice chainsaw users, choosing a saw chain seems like a difficult process, because you need to know what types of this part are, its characteristics, etc. This article will look at the main factors to consider in order to choose a good chainsaw chain.

Those who have experienced sawing wood know that it can be sawn either along the grain or across it. Based on this, they issue different types chainsaw chains: for transverse or longitudinal cutting wood. In both cases, the difference in material resistance will be significantly different. For ripping teeth are sharpened at an angle of 5 to 15 °. Cross cutting requires sharpening the tool at an angle of 25-35°. The figure below shows how the sharpening angle of the teeth is determined.

What type the saw element belongs to can be found from the marking on it, in addition, the sharpening angle is determined visually.

Chains for longitudinal sawing are used extremely rarely, because it is much easier to dissolve the workpiece on the circular. Due to low demand, manufacturers of this tool do not particularly improve it, and it is quite difficult to find a chain for longitudinal sawing on sale. Most buyers of chainsaws choose a tool with a transverse cut type, and it is the most sought after among both professionals and home craftsmen. But, before choosing a chain for a chainsaw, you should study the main parameters that affect the performance and quality of the tool.

Existing pitch sizes

Chain pitch - key parameter, requiring special attention when choosing a cutting element for a chainsaw. It is measured in inches and is defined as the gap between the cutting links or the gap between the three rivets of the saw element. The following image clearly illustrates how the chain pitch is determined.

Each saw has an individual chain pitch.

It is worth noting that the pro class tool works with any kind of chains.

Chains with a certain pitch are always intended for units of a certain power, taking into account the torque. Reducing the pitch not only reduces the performance of the device, but reduces the load on the motor. Conversely, with a large step, the productivity of the apparatus increases, but more power is required.

In addition, there is such a thing as "aggressiveness" of the unit. In this case, we mean ease of management. The larger the pitch, the more force the teeth “tear” the wood. In addition, due to the large size of the cutting links, the width of the cut also increases, which means that the operator will need to exert more effort to hold the device in his hands. Based on the foregoing, it is not worth using a chain with a large pitch on a low-power unit, since this can render the device unusable.

Pitch 0.325"

This is the minimum value of the step, but, nevertheless, the most common. Saw elements with this pitch are usually installed on amateur and semi-professional units with low power - in the range of 3-3.5 hp. This is enough to easily cut branches, bring down thin trees, perform small construction works. The 0.325" pitch chain runs smoothly without vibration, won't tear wood, overload the engine or tire the operator.

Pitch 0.375 or 3/8

The marking may look like a decimal fraction or an ordinary one. There is no difference between these designations: three divided by eight will be 0.375. The ordinary fraction in the marking is designed to eliminate confusion between the numbers 0.375 and 0.325.

For this reason, there are times when it is difficult to find an element with a pitch of 0.375 inches on sale. If this is the case, then try looking for the same part marked 3/8.

These chains are installed on more than powerful units- having 4 hp Such saw elements can cut down trees of medium diameter. Chains with a pitch of 3/8 inches are installed on semi-professional chainsaws and pro-class units.

Step 0.404

Saws with this step are installed only on professional units with a power of at least 5.5 hp A saw with a pitch of 0.404 inches can cut trees of any thickness, and the units for this cutting element have a large torque, which greatly facilitates the work of a person.

It is important to know that the chain pitch always matches sprocket pitch both the slave and the leader. It follows from this that if the documentation for the device indicates that it works with a chain with a pitch of 0.404, then you should not put the chain on a chainsaw with a pitch of 3/8. Before installing a chain with a different pitch, you need to purchase full set, including both the tire and both sprockets: driving and driven.

In addition to the above step values, there are two more: these are 1⁄4 (0.25) inches and 3⁄4 (0.75) inches. Saws with such a pitch are not very popular among both professionals and home craftsmen.

Thickness of the leading link (tail)

This parameter is the second most important when choosing a saw element. You should be aware that on different brands of chainsaws, the tire will differ in width. Drive links are also designed only for a certain type of tire.

Leading links are available in the following sizes.

1. 0.043” or 1.1mm. This is the smallest leading link. It is usually installed in miniature circuits, which are designed for “weak”, household units that are not designed for heavy loads.
2. 0.05” or 1.3mm. Although the difference with the previous example is insignificant, the cutting element is designed for more tangible loads. Chains with a link of 1.3 mm are most common among owners of household and semi-professional chainsaws, they are light in weight and quite reliable.
3. 0.058” or 1.5 mm. This type of saw is no less popular than the previous one, but is already used not only in semi-professional tools, but also in pro-class devices.
4. 0.063” or 1.6mm. Chains with this tail thickness are more durable and are only put on a tool for professionals.
5. 0.08” or 2 mm. This size is the final among the types of drive links. The chain is designed for long work and heavy loads. It is not difficult to guess that the element is used only on highly professional chainsaws with high power.

As a result, the greater the thickness of the leading link, the stronger and better the chain, and the greater the load it can withstand. But, when choosing a cutting element, it is necessary to check the instructions for the device, which indicates what size tire is allowed to be installed on it.

Cutting depth and profile height

The depth of cut depends on how high the chain profile is. The higher the profile, the more the chain "bites" into the material, and as a result, the tool's performance increases. A low profile cuts thinner chips and the chain does not sink as deep into the material. Usually the depth is adjusted by grinding the stops that are on each cutter.

There are the following profile sizes:

• high profile - 0.03 "(0.762 mm);
• low profile - 0.025" (0.635 mm).

This information can be found in the documentation for the chainsaw. These types of profiles are installed on amateur and professional units. But you should be aware that a pro-class tool cannot always be equipped with high-profile chains, and household tool always equipped with low profile cutting elements.

High Profile Chains- these are the most productive elements, which means they have an increased “aggressiveness” and, in addition, a noticeable vibration. The latter significantly reduces labor productivity, as it does not allow working with the unit for a long time. Therefore, manufacturers have found a middle ground: with a large step, a chain with a low profile is made, and vice versa, if the step is smaller, then the profile is made high. These changes remove as much as possible side effects, the unit starts to work with less “aggressiveness” and normal performance.

It's hard to say which profiles are better. When choosing, you should always be guided by the expected working conditions, the hardness or viscosity of the wood, etc.

The cutting links have 2 types of profile.

Tire size

In addition to the thickness of the tire, which was mentioned above, when choosing a chainsaw, one more parameter should be taken into account - the length of the tire. It is measured in millimeters or inches. Tires of the following sizes are often used: 11″, 12″, 13″, 14″, 15″, 16″, 18″, 20″, 21″, 22″.

For simple jobs e.g. delimbing, cutting thin boards, tires can be used small sizes- 11 or 13 inches. The chain on such tires accelerates to high speeds, which has a good effect on performance. The most versatile tire sizes are considered to be between 14-16 inches. In addition to using the unit as a delimber, a chainsaw can be used when harvesting firewood (sawing thin logs). To cut a thick log, install tires 18-22 inches. They are usually used on semi-professional and more powerful, professional chainsaws.

Do not install a larger tire than indicated in the passport for the unit, as this will inevitably lead to an increase in the load on the engine and, as a result, its rapid wear.

Chain size

This setting always depends on tire size installed on the unit. If you accidentally purchased a chain that is smaller than your bar, you will not be able to wear it. If this element is larger than the size of the tire, you will not be able to tighten it. Both options prevent the use of unsuitable chain sizes. They are usually listed in inches and have the following values: 10″, 12″, 13″, 14″, 15″, 16″, 18″ and above.

The chain length is determined by number of links. Links refer to the connecting links that fit into the groove of the bar, not the cutting teeth. When buying, you can specify to the seller either the length of the part in inches, or the number of links included in its composition. Some manufacturers indicate the number of links in the saw element instead of the length. As a rule, this number does not depend in any way on the thickness of the tail, the pitch and the height of the profile. For example, a low profile chain having a drive link thickness of 1.3 mm may consist of 72 links, 56 links, or other number of links.

The order of the cutting links

In most cases, the order of placement of the cutting elements can be of three types.

The cutting links are the main elements of the saw chain and are expensive due to the complex manufacturing process. Manufacturers, by changing the order of the cutting teeth, reduce their number and thereby reduce the cost finished product. But at the same time, due to missing links, the efficiency of the tool is noticeably reduced, and the chain wears out faster.

Carbide Chains

Pobedit is a very hard alloy, superior in strength to glass. Therefore, household glass cutters, various cutting metalwork and turning tools are made from Pobedit, and it is also applied to saw chains of chainsaws. Pobedit is soldered onto the cutting links, where it plays the role of a strong cutting edge. But despite its hardness, this alloy is brittle.

The service life of chains with soldering from Pobedit significantly exceeds the resource of standard cutting elements. Carbide chains are used for sawing through frozen and hardwood, and in rescue operations where reinforced or plain concrete needs to be cut quickly.

The disadvantages of carbide chains include their high cost, which is several times higher than the price of conventional cutting elements.

Chainsaw chains with victorious tips are very rarely used in amateur practice, since they are designed for semi-professional and professional tools with good power and high torque.

The best brands of chainsaws for chainsaws

According to the reviews of the owners of these units, a rating of chains for chainsaws was compiled. Below are the manufacturers that produce the best chainsaw chains.

1. Stihl is a very well-known Swiss brand that manufactures saw chains made of high-strength chromium-nickel steel. They do not stretch when heated, as usual. This is achieved through the use of special method hot riveting. In addition, this manufacturer has patented a lubrication method - “grooves”, which are supplied to all leading links.
2. The company does not design chains, but manufactures them using the best patented technologies. Thanks to this, high quality products are achieved. The company also provides a wide range of services to customers, providing warranty service for its products. In addition, the company's customers have the opportunity to purchase original spare parts for mechanisms.
3. Oregon is a division of Blount Inc. The company is considered one of the best among the companies producing saw elements for chainsaws. Oregon also produces various accessories and parts for tools of other well-known brands. The saw blades of chainsaws are made from a special patented alloy, and a chromium alloy is applied to the teeth. To facilitate the sharpening process, the teeth are marked with marks indicating at what angle it is necessary to perform this operation. In addition, the chains have a system that allows you to reduce vibration and original design to distribute the lubricant evenly.
4. Carlton is an American company. All elements of the chain of this manufacturer have increased hardness, since they are shot-blasted at the manufacturing stage. The cutting links have a long edge, which makes it possible to produce a large number of sharpening.
5. windsor. The company has patented a heavy-duty alloy that is highly heat-resistant and does not stretch. Windsor saw blades use stamped links and sealed rivets to ensure high reliability.
6. The chain is made of alloy steel with chrome-plated teeth. The latter are sharpened in a special way, and a hypoid lubricant is applied to the chain, which facilitates the sawing process. The company also uses the method of shot-peening in the manufacture of chains, which increases the strength of the links.

Even with the most careful operation of the chainsaw, the owner sooner or later faces the need to replace the saw chain. The range is represented by several types that differ in pitch, configuration of cutting links and other indicators. Best chain for chainsaws - this is the model recommended by the instructions for use.

The guide bar and chain are interchangeable equipment, so the owners of budget chainsaws are given the opportunity to choose a saw set that is more wear-resistant and durable in operation.

The desire to increase the performance of the saw by installing a longer headset can only be realized if the engine has a sufficient reserve of power and torque.

It is best to independently choose a chain for a chainsaw that is optimal in terms of cost and operating parameter after consulting with an experienced specialist. Incorrect selection of headset components can reduce the performance of the chainsaw or initiate its early failure.

The quality of budget and branded chains is significantly different. Many owners of cheap household chainsaws prefer to operate their equipment with more advanced saw sets from the leading brands Stihl, Husqvarna and Oregon. The unofficial rating recorded an increase in consumer demand for similar products trademarks Hammer and PowerSharp.

The standard length of a household saw bar with a power of 2-2.5 hp. is 40-45 cm. The size of high-performance professional class analogues reaches 70 cm.

The higher price level of branded tires and chains is compensated by the high quality of complex sawing work, increased resource, stability of performance throughout the entire time of the service life specified by the manufacturer.

Properties of wear-resistant chains for general and special purposes

The types of household and professional grade chains intended for working with wood are distinguished by the quality of the material, the duration of the resource and the cost. Designed for work on concrete, the diamond chain, unique in terms of wear resistance, belongs to the category of special emergency equipment.

Wear resistant carbide chain might be one option. The overhaul life of such a product is an order of magnitude higher, but its sharpening requires special equipment that allows you to sharpen the cutting links at different angles, respectively, for standard transverse and longitudinal sawing.

Carbide chain designed for productive sawing hard rock timber and light building blocks. It should be borne in mind that when working on aerated concrete or foam concrete, the resource of a saw set, even the most prestigious brand, is reduced by 2-3 times.

Saw chain pitch characteristics

The selected chain must match the length of the guide bar and its design features. One of the main parameters for choosing a chain is its pitch, which is traditionally measured in inches.

In the cutting headsets of chainsaws of the household group, 3/8 inch chains are operated smoothly and safe in operation, in the metric standard - 0.325 mm.

Analogues with an increased pitch of the 0.404 ″ type are designed to complete powerful and productive chainsaws professional level, therefore, they are practically not used in household chainsaw equipment.

Self installation headsets with an increased pitch must be coordinated with the type and traction characteristics of the power unit.

Shank options

Not less than important condition right choice saw chain is the thickness of its shank, which varies from 1.1 to 2 mm. In inch standard shank sizes are 0.043/ 0.04/ 0.05/ 0.058/ 0.063 and 0.08 inches, respectively.

Chains with a minimum thickness are used in light low-cube models of a budget level. In household and semi-professional chainsaws, analogues resistant to constant and variable loads, with a thickness of 1.3 to 1.6 mm, are more in demand. Reinforced chains with 2 mm shanks, complete with professional chainsaw equipment.

Design features

In the medium and high class chain, each cutting link is equipped with two shanks, which inevitably affects the increase in its cost. Owners of their own chainsaws are offered more affordable models of throughput or semi-throughput type.

In the first case additional elements chains are located directly after the cutting link. In the second option - connecting elements mounted after every second pair.

In standard, pass and semi-pass chains, the number of saw links is 50, 40 and 37.5 percent, respectively. The simplification of the design of cheap products is inevitably accompanied by an increase in the load on the saw links, the need for frequent sharpening and a reduction in its service life.

Length

This chain indicator is determined by the number of links. Leading manufacturers indicate the length of the chain in inches or the number of links in the accompanying documentation. When buying any model yourself, it is recommended to know both parameters.

Professional grade circuit design features

The offered range can be divided into chains with chisel and chipper configuration of cutting links. In the first case, the link in the section is similar to the number 7. Such a profile provides increased productivity in sawing operations of increased complexity.

A significant drawback of the chisel "seven" is the complexity of manual sharpening, since even a slight deviation from the given angle, the main advantages of the seven profile are canceled.

The chipper links are sickle-shaped. The increased area of ​​contact with the sawn wood creates additional loads on the engine. On the positive side, the design of chipper circuits is valued for its stability of operation under high level contamination and less stringent requirements for precision finishing of cutting edges.

Types of materials

Standard saw chains are made from high quality chromium-nickel steel. To work with dense and frozen wood, chains with carbide links are recommended. A significant drawback of such models is the increased cost and the need to use special sharpening equipment with corundum nozzles.

Cutting depth and chain profile height

These parameters should be known to owners of professional models who sharpen chains manually at home. The depth of cut is adjusted by decreasing the stop height of each cutting link.

The parameters of the low profile and high profile chain are 0.025 and 0.03 inches, respectively. Knowledge of profile types is necessary for the correct selection of the height of the limiters.

Chain models for cross and rip cuts

The main range of saw chains with a cutting angle of 25-35° is designed for standard cross-cutting of wood. Models for ripping domestic market present in minimum quantity.

If necessary, the shortage problem is simply solved by changing the sharpening angle of standard chains to 5-15°. The tire in this embodiment is operated without changing the design.

All information given is valid for Chinese chainsaws and their components. Most of the Chinese chainsaw range is made up of more or less successful copies of leading European developers, so all standards are almost identical.

How is the need to sharpen the chain manifested?

Dull saw chain teeth significantly increase sawing time. The malfunction is manifested by increased vibration, reverse shocks when the headset enters the cut, the ejection of small chips and a clear smell of burnt wood.

Using the headset-mounted handheld sharpening device, cylindrical and flat files, the cutting edge of the saw links is restored without removing the chain from the bar. A more advanced and productive way is to fine-tune the chain in a specialized workshop.

gives a significant gain in time, guarantees the same angle on all cutting elements of the chain. User feedback on automated sharpening is mostly positive. In the negative plan, the template finishing of each saw link is noted, without taking into account its wear and other individual features.

Pro recommendations for the operation and maintenance of saw chains

A significant part of the used headsets does not fully develop the assigned resource.

The main causes of forced wear:

• low efficiency of the lubrication system;
• high degree of wear of the drive sprocket;
• excessive saw chain tension;
• use of substandard and surrogate chain oils.

Experts advise operating a set of several chains, changing them as needed. In this option, you can use the advantages of more productive mechanized sharpening.

Worn and damaged chains should be discarded in a timely manner. Even in the presence of an emergency stop brake and a safety device, the operation of parts that have exhausted their service life is characterized by an increased risk of injury.

How to eliminate the risks of buying a chain counterfeit?

On the domestic market, there is a small but stable range of fake parts for chainsaws and component materials of Asian, mostly Chinese production.

With all the desire to meet the quality of the European level, technical and operational properties Chinese copies are far from perfect, since they develop their resource somewhere by 50-70%.

This disadvantage is to some extent offset by lower cost. On the other hand, practice shows that only branded products guarantee long and trouble-free operation of chainsaw equipment.

Purchasing a part in a licensed or branded store will help you avoid the risks of buying a Chinese fake branded as a branded product.

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To choose a chain for a chainsaw, you need to know three parameters:

1. chain pitch;
2. Chain thickness (drive link thickness);
3. Chain length (number of drive links).

Knowing these three parameters, you can easily choose a chain for a saw, pole cutter or harvester head.

1. Chain pitch

It is customary to designate the chain pitch in inches, calculate it as follows: measure the distance between the nearest chain drive links, or the distance between the three nearest chain rivets (from the center of the rivet), divide by 2 and convert to inches (1 inch \u003d 25.4 mm).

The pitch of the chain must always match the pitch of the saw's drive sprocket and bar's driven sprocket.

• Chain with a pitch of 0.25 "aka 1/4". The distance between the three rivets (drive links) 12.7 mm ÷ 2 = 6.35 mm translate into inches (÷ 25.4) in inches it is 0.25 "(more commonly referred to as 1/4").
• Chain with 0.325" pitch. The distance between the three rivets (drive links) 16.5 mm ÷ 2 = 8.25 mm translate into inches (÷ 25.4) in inches is 0.325".
• Chain with a pitch of 0.375 "aka 3/8". The distance between the three rivets 19 mm ÷ 2 \u003d 9.5 mm is translated into inches (÷ 25.4) in inches it is 0.375 "(it is customary to denote it as 3/8" so as not to be confused with 0.325 ").
• Chain with 0.404" pitch. The distance between the three rivets 20.5 mm ÷ 2 = 10.25 mm translate into inches (÷ 25.4) in inches is 0.404 ".
• 3/4" pitch chain. The distance between the three rivets 38.1 mm ÷ 2 \u003d 19.05 mm is translated into inches (÷ 25.4) in inches it is 0.75 "(it is customary to denote it as 3/4").

2. Thickness

The thickness of the chain is the thickness of the drive link (can be measured with a caliper). This dimension must always match the groove thickness of the guide bar.

In total, for electric and gasoline saws, as well as harvesters, there are 6 sizes that determine the thickness of the drive link:

• 1.1 mm (0.043”);
• 1.3 mm (0.05”);
• 1.5 mm (0.058”);
• 1.6 mm (0.063”);
• 2.0 mm (0.08”);
• 3.1 mm (0.122”).

3. The third main parameter when choosing a chain: Chain length (Number of drive links).

The chain length is determined by counting the number of drive (internal) chain links. Important:

• cutting links do not determine chain length (don't count them).
• the length of the guide bar does not determine the exact length of the chain (for example, a saw with a 16" (40 cm) bar can have a chain length of 55, or 56, or 57 links, depending on the chain tensioner specific model saws).
• a chain with a length of approximately 55-57 links will not work for you, only a certain size recommended by the saw manufacturer will do.

What is the length of the bar on my chainsaw?

The length of the cutting part of the tire differs from its total length. The length of the tire is considered to be the length of the cut (working part) - this is the distance from the front of the saw to the rounded tip of the nose of the tire. This size is rounded to the nearest inch or centimeter. An inch is denoted as "= 2.54 cm.

For example, the length of the cutting part of the tire for the Stihl MS180 chainsaw is 40 cm. 40 cm ÷ 2.54 = 15.7 inches. Rounding results in 16" (inches).

For the Stihl MS180 chainsaw, a 16 inch (40 centimeter) Oregon tire article 160SDEA074 is suitable.

How to choose a tire for a chainsaw?

It happens that users of chainsaws have confusion with understanding the designation of tire and chain sizes. This confusion leads to purchases of a headset that is not suitable for the saw, and as a result, money thrown to the wind. In this article, we will try to point out common mistakes and help you avoid them.

Most of the errors are due to the fact that traditionally the parameters of the saw headset are indicated in inches. For people accustomed to using the metric system, this is not convenient. This is the reason for most of the errors: in Russia, for ease of remembering, it has developed so that the characteristics of the saw set use parameters expressed both in inches and in millimeters at the same time, which, in general, is not correct.

Chainsaw tire.

To characterize the dimensions of the tire, three parameters are used: its length, groove width and chain pitch for which it is intended. In the vast majority of cases, manufacturers indicate the length in inches. Most often in Russia you can find seven tire sizes from 10 to 22 inches. Often on sale you can find the same saw model, but with different bar lengths. This is normal if it corresponds to the tire sizes declared by the manufacturer. This is indicated in the saw's passport.Some sellers indicate sizes not in inches, but in centimeters, believing that this is more understandable. Here is a table of correspondence between inches and centimeters.

Often the length is given in terms of the number of chain links for that bar, such as a 72 or 76 link bar.

The groove width is also indicated in inches. The most common are five sizes. Here are some numeric widths in inches: 0.043, 0.050, 0.058. As you can see, it is difficult to remember these data without errors. Therefore, for convenience in Russia, the width of the groove is often indicated in millimeters. Here is such a conflict in dimensions: indicate the length of the tire in inches or centimeters, or in the number of links, and the width of the groove in millimeters. But, despite this, any more or less competent seller will understand you. Below is a table of correspondence between the groove width in inches and millimeters

The chain pitch in the tire parameter set characterizes the size of the driven sprocket. It is important that this parameter for the chain and the bus match. If there is no such coincidence, then both parts will fail. The most common sizes are 0.325 and 3/8. We will talk about the chain step below.

Chains for chainsaws.

Three parameters are used in the circuit characteristic: chain pitch, chain length And drive link width. Chain pitch always specified in inches. For ease of remembering, their designation is alternated in fractional and decimal notation. Below is a table of the most commonly used chain saw chain pitches:

Chain length measured by the number of leading links, that is, in pieces. Mistakes are not allowed here: a chain that is not suitable in length cannot be correctly installed and tensioned. We draw your attention to an important point: when the chain is pulled during operation, some users remove the extra links. Keep this in mind when you go to the store to tell the seller the length of your chain. When pulling the chain, do not remove the extra links - this is dangerous for your health.

And finally drive link width. It must match the width of the bar groove. Everything said about the width of the tire groove is true for this parameter.

As a result, we have the following:

• To choose the right tire, you need to know its length in inches, the pitch of the chain used, and the width of the groove. This data can be found either on the tire itself or in the saw's instruction manual. Even in this case, we recommend that you take your tire as a sample when going to the store. In addition to these options it is important that the tail of the new tire matches your sample. It is important to buy tires specifically for your saw model, and not to select "similar" ones. Pay attention to the position of the oil holes: they should match on your old and new tires.
• To choose the right chain, you need to know its pitch in inches, the length in links (pieces) and the width of the leading link. You can determine these data yourself, you can find out from the chainsaw instruction manual. It is better to take your old chain as a sample and show it to a specialist in a store. If you have shortened your chain, keep this in mind when you choose the length of the chain.
• Before using a new bar and chain, special (very simple) preparatory measures are required. You can read about how to do this in our article.
• In order for the saw set to serve for a long time, it is important to correctly tension the chain. This is stated in the article "How to properly tension a chainsaw chain"
• The drive sprocket, chain and bar form the so-called saw set. You can find out why these nodes wear out from our article. "Saw set. Wear factors". You can learn about what erroneous actions lead to rapid wear from the article. "Saw headset. What NOT to do".

First manual chainsaws appeared in the 1920s. They were equipped with chains with straight and flat teeth - such a chain system was not very efficient and was very laborious to maintain. In 1947, Joseph Cox proposed a new type of chain. Its shape was L-shaped, due to which it was possible to repeatedly increase the performance of chainsaws, and ensured ease of sharpening. As a result, the Cox chain quickly forced out all its competitors from the market. Currently, most chainsaws are equipped with just such chain systems - they have a characteristic sickle-shaped cutting profile and allow you to work effectively with any type of wood.

Saw chain design

The concept proposed by Joseph Cox turned out to be so successful that it did not undergo practically any constructive changes. By and large, the improvements have only affected the lubrication system of the tool, as well as the fight against recoil and vibration.

Any saw chain consists of three types of links:

1. cutting

This is the most complex part of the chain set. Its design includes a cut depth limiter and a cutting element with a contour cutting angle.

1. Leading

Such links are also called tails. Through the drive sprocket, they transmit rotation from the saw engine to the chain, ensuring its stable position on the bar.

1. Connecting

Are intended for connection of the cutting and leading elements.

The main ones in the chain system are. They are left- and right-handed, and their cutting edges protrude beyond the plane of the tire, which provides a free cut with minimal cutting resistance. Chain teeth (cutters) work on the principle of a planer - the further the upper cutting edge is extended, the larger the cut will be.

Saw chain cutters are divided into two main types:

1. Chisel (English chisel - chisel, cutter)

Possess high performance and provide good sawing speed. The configuration of such cutters provides a smaller area of ​​contact with the wood when cutting, thereby reducing the resistance of the latter. The disadvantages of chisel-type chain teeth are high sensitivity to abrasive media, as well as the complexity and laboriousness of the sharpening process.

1. Chipper (eng. Chipper - chop into chips)

The sickle-shaped profile of chipper cutters is less effective due to the increased contact area when cutting. On the other hand, chippers are very easy to maintain, since the rounded corner of the cutter does not react so painfully to errors during sharpening.

Chains with chipper links are preferably used when cutting contaminated wood.

Main settings

Saw chains are usually distinguished by:

• cutting direction (longitudinal and transverse);
• dimensions (length and size of the elements of the chain set);
• design features;
• the order of the cutting links.

Cutting wood along the fibers causes more resistance than across. In view of the demand for both types of sawing, two types of saw chains are produced - longitudinal and transverse. They differ in the angle of attack of the incisors. As a result, the productivity of the saw increases with the longitudinal cut, and the “aggressiveness” of the tool is smoothed out with the transverse cut. Well, along with the latter, it reduces the level of vibrations and the load on the engine decreases.

With low quality requirements, rip cuts can be made with a chainsaw with a cross chain.

Presented on the market today, have different dimensions. One of the main parameters of the saw chain is the number of links, i.e. chain length. In addition, chain systems have a certain pitch. It is measured by the distance between three links in series, divided by two.

Pitch classification of saw chains

Depending on the pitch value, saw chains are divided into 5 classes:

1. 0,25 (1/4)’’

Small pitch have chains mounted on single-handed chainsaws. Such a tool does not differ in power, however, it allows you to perform precise work, incl. in hard-to-reach places.

1. 0.325'' and 3/8''

Chains with such pitch values ​​are the most widely used. Over 80% of the tools produced in the world are equipped with such chain sets.

1. 0.404'' and 3/4''

Large chain sets are installed on big saws with increased productivity - felling systems, harvester equipment, etc.

It is obvious that what more sizes chain links, greater productivity she possesses. At the same time, it should be remembered that the cut will also be wider, which means that a large saw will be needed to overcome the resistance of wood to cutting.

Shank Thickness Classification

The thickness of the leading links is the second most important chain parameter. It must match the size of the groove of the tire, along which the latter slides during operation. Due to this, the reliability of landing is increased and the risk of its jumping off during operation is eliminated. The chain itself runs smoothly, without unnecessary jerks and vibrations.

Global saw chain manufacturers produce headsets in 5 main sizes:

• 1.1 mm (miniature chains for mini saws);
• 1.3 mm (the most in demand, because they are installed on);
• 1.5 mm (installed on saws of high power and productivity);
• 1.6 and 2 mm (thick shank chains are used on professional and industrial saws).

Profile height, cutting depth and saw engine capacity

Depending on the height of the cutting edge located above the plane of the guide bar, saw chains are divided into high and low profile. The former provide maximum performance, while the latter have an increased area of ​​support for the cutting link, as a result of which they produce thin chips and are safer to work with.

The depth of cut is the amount of clearance between the top edge of the cutter and the kerf stop, which regulates the thickness of the chips. Saw sets with gaps of 0.025'' and 0.03'' are most in demand, while chains with a value of this parameter up to 0.07'' are used as part of machine felling units. It is the depth of cut that determines the performance of the chain set. However, the larger it is, the more the saw will vibrate during operation. In order to balance performance and vibration on a chain with a large pitch, manufacturers install cutting teeth with a minimum depth and vice versa.

The engine size of the saw is most directly related to. If the latter is set to too powerful tool, then it will be subject to increased loads and will fail much earlier than the due date. Therefore, when buying a chain set, you should carefully study specifications the saw itself.

The order of the cutting links

The list of basic parameters of saw chains also contains the order of the cutting links. In the standard design, each of the cutters has a pair of shanks. In a chain with a half pass, every third cutter is replaced by a leading link, and in headsets with a full pass, every second. Chains of the second and third types are not produced - they are made by a handicraft method from factory products.

Pass-through and semi-pass-through headsets cost significantly less than standard headsets, but are inferior to them in terms of performance, reliability, and ease of use.

Saw chain lubrication system

The reliability and efficiency of the latter directly depend on the quality. In order to ensure the normal operation of the tool, manufacturers supply it with an oil pump that supplies oil to the cutting system through special holes. The chain itself is responsible for the uniform distribution of oil - its shanks, passing through the sprocket, capture the lubricant, which, as a result of the movement of the headset, spreads over it and the saw bar. Often, to increase the efficiency of lubrication, special channels are made in the driving links using a cutter or drill, and additional recesses are made in the connecting links.

The chainsaw lubrication system works to reduce the destructive effect of friction and, of course, heating. This significantly increases the service life of both the chain set and the tool as a whole. Therefore, the user must control the lubrication process. If, when accelerating the chain, there is no oil trace on the cutting line, this means that the saw is overheating, and the chain itself can become dull rather quickly, or even burst.

In order to increase the lubricating effect, global manufacturers produce oils for saws on an organic basis. They cost a little more, but they provide a quarter less consumption, and when allocated in environment self-decompose within a few hours.

Modern chainsaws can be equipped with chains and tires with various parameters. However, before buying a new headset for a specific model, you should make sure that its lubrication system will cope with its functions during operation.

Vibration and kickback when sawing

Neither the first nor the second can be avoided when working with a chainsaw, but their intensity can be reduced. occurs due to the collision of incisors with wood. At the moment of contact of the cutting edge with the tree, for a fraction of a second it is sandwiched between it and the tire. Part of the impact energy through the headset, the drive sprocket and the body of the saw is transferred to the user's hands.

To reduce the effect of kickback due to vibrations when sawing wood,:

• beveled cut limiter (provides a soft movement of the chain due to the smooth sliding of the wood from the cutter);
• cushioning protrusions on the shanks and connectors (contribute to the damping of vibration when it is transferred to the sprocket);
• beveled or overestimated heel of the cutter (provides subsidence of the chain at the moment of impact, which not only dampens vibration, but also reduces wear on the chain set and saw bar).

Through the use of these structural elements in the chain, the risk of injury when the saw bounces due to the contact of the toe of the tire with a hard surface is significantly reduced.

Saw chain maintenance: highlights

The saw set, bar and drive sprocket are consumables. Therefore, the most important questions when buying an instrument and a headset for it relate to reliability and durability. In many ways, they depend on the type and intensity of work that the user will perform. Not less than important role are playing:

• headset lubrication;
• running in and tensioning the chain;
• sharpening of incisors;
• tool care.

The running-in of the chain set is carried out by soaking it in oil for a while, followed by a short run at idle and adjusting the tension. If the chain is not tight enough, it will constantly jump off, while overtightening leads to an increase in the load on the chain and its premature wear.

Due to intensive saw chain cutters become dull. So that each time you do not have to buy a new headset, the user can sharpen the cutting elements on their own. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the correspondence of the sharpness of the cutter angles and the height of the limiter to the factory parameters. In addition, you need to make sure that all the cutting links of the chain are sharpened equally. Otherwise, the performance of the tool will decrease or vibration and load on the saw motor will increase.

Another important point when working with a chainsaw is to control the integrity of the chain. If any cracks, wear or damage occurs, it should be replaced. In conclusion, we note that only competent selection, as well as timely and proper care behind the tool and headset can ensure the normal performance, durability, reliability and, of course, the safety of the chainsaw.

Chainsaw service, video