Hip roof design. Hip roof: calculation, diagram, photo. Houses with a hip roof

A hip roof is a structure consisting of four roof slopes: two trapezoidal slopes on the sides and two triangular slopes on the ends of the roof. These slopes are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. This decision is driven more by design and architectural taste than by construction necessity. Hip roofs have long gained popularity in Europe, and over time migrated to us. Any do-it-yourself hip roof, drawings of which you will find here or in other sources, looks very aesthetically pleasing due to the slopes of all the slopes. This same feature helps reduce wind resistance from all directions, which means... A roof with hips will become more reliable and will last longer without repair.

A hip roof can be built without the help of professionals, even with the most primitive builder skills. The only difficulty is that you can’t do it alone, you will need 2-3 assistants.

Roof structure with hips

Hip roof diagram. Which is the leader among developers, has four slopes, two of them triangular. These hips are attached to the ends of the roof of the house to connect the cornice and ridge beam. The front and rear hips are built in the form of a trapezoid (truncated triangle), they have a larger area and an increased slope. Trapezoidal hips secure the ridge and cornice on the remaining sides.

There are also half-hip roof designs, and they are called Dutch. Half-hips are when the cornices of the side slopes are higher than the front and rear slopes. A Dutch roof is most often erected when installed in the attic of a living room.

The usual hip roof consists of components and elements that are assembled into a single structure in one way, and serve as a frame for more complex structures. In the diagram below, the hip structure consists of the following elements:

The corner rafter (position No. 1) is always installed at a smaller angle than the intermediate rafters. For intermediate and corner rafters on the sides of the roof, use a board measuring 50x15 cm;
Short rafter beams (position No. 2) are installed on the corner rafters. The angle of inclination should be the same as the inclination of the intermediate rafters;
The cross-section of the ridge (position No. 3) should be the same as that of the rafters themselves;
The central intermediate rafters (position No. 4) are attached to the corners of the ridge beam on three sides;
Intermediate rafters (position No. 5) are beams that connect the ridge beam and the trim boards laid along the top of the roof. The trim boards form a cornice.

More detailed diagram roof devices with hip elements - in the figure below:

The ridge is supported by a stand (position No. 1), which is attached at the junction of the opposing pair of rafters and the ridge beam. Posts are not always present in the roof design, but their counterparts must be present in the design;
Tightening (ceiling beam, position No. 2) – a beam for fastening the rafters together;
The filly (position No. 3) serves to continue the overhang; the filly beam is attached to the rafters. An overhang is needed to protect the walls of the house from rain and snow;
The wind beam (position No. 4) strengthens the rafters on the windward side of the house. This beam can be installed on several sides;
The frame (short rafter, position No. 5) attach the frame to the corner rafter beam;
Mauerlat (position No. 6) – powerful wooden beam, which serves as the basis of any roof;
Sprengel (position No. 7) strengthens the roof structure and reduces the load on the walls. Mounted diagonally between the corners of the house on the mauerlat;
The struts (position No. 8) can be attached to the rafters at different angles. Their number and angle of attachment depend on the presence or absence of an attic;
Diagonal (side rafters, position No. 9) are installed from one or both ends of the roof;
The purlin (position No. 10) is the step of attaching the rafters.

How to install a hip structure

The roof with hips must be assembled in a certain sequence:

The first stage is the development of a scheme;
According to the diagram, the parameters of the roof are calculated - all its dimensions will depend on the width of the dimensions of the external and internal load-bearing walls of the house;
Tools and materials are prepared;
Laying a layer of waterproofing on the walls for installation of rafters;
The attachment points of the rafters on the Mauerlat are marked;
Installation of rafters and other roof elements according to the diagram;
Roof decking.

After processing the lumber and drying it, you can begin to install the roof - attach the Mauerlat beams to the load-bearing walls of the house. The Mauerlat is laid on the waterproofing, then the installation and fastening points of the rafter beams are marked on it. The Mauerlat beams are laid on the upper surface of the walls or on a beam that is pre-attached slightly below the walls.

The racks are attached to the floor beam, in the upper part - to the ridge. Also, the central rafters at the ends of the roof are attached to the ridge beam. Markings are made for the installation of intermediate beams along the front and rear slopes of the roof, after which the rafters are attached, connecting the corners of the house and the ridge diagonally. It may be necessary to install reinforcing posts in this place.

Short rafter beams or frames are attached to these rafters with the same spacing as the intermediate beams. In this fragment of the roof, trusses, wind beams, fillets and struts can be used for reinforcement (depending on the roof layout).

The roof is laid in the following sequence:

A vapor barrier is attached to the rafters;
The sheathing is attached to the vapor barrier;
Insulation is placed in the space between the slats and covered with a windproof film;
The counter-lattice is attached.

When building private houses, owners increasingly prefer hip roofs with an attic.

A hip roof is a roof that has more than two slopes. The slopes from the end are made in the form of a geometric figure - a triangle. End slopes (triangles) are placed from the eaves to the ridge. The other two facade slopes are made in the shape of a trapezoid. The end triangular slopes are called “hips”, hence the name of the roof. If the end slopes do not reach the eaves, then the roof will receive a different name, namely “half-hip”. Hip roofs are made on rectangular buildings.

Features of the structure of a hip roof

Consider the design of a hipped hip roof with a central support.

To install a hip roof, it is advisable to make markings along the bottom, i.e. By interfloor covering or on future attic floors. We find the center on the end wall where the ridge beam will pass. Next, measure the distance from the center end wall before interior wall. We decide on the overhang of the wall. Usually it is 30-50 cm, if we want a canopy on one side, then the overhang will be larger.

Very interesting hip roof

We measure 4 equal squares along the floor from each end wall (two on one side, two on the other). This will make it possible to decide on the location of the racks. We place the stand at the common top of each pair of squares under the ridge on the ceiling. A ridge beam will run between the posts. With this design, the auxiliary rafters and central rafters must be the same in length. As a result, we install 6 rafters of the same length (3 on each side).

The rafters of trapezoidal slopes are located at their full length, as in a gable roof.

The difference in placement is the hip rafters. They cannot be tied together with strings as in a gable roof. The main load is placed on the beam in the ridge area; it serves as a support for the diagonal and ordinary rafter legs.

Racks are used to support the ridge support beam. Since they bear the main load, it is recommended that there be a load-bearing wall in the house under them. IN in case of absence load-bearing wall , an alternative can be very strong beams used for flooring. These beams must be designed to support the weight concentrated in the central part of the roof of the house.

Hip roof rafter system

Most often, reinforced concrete slabs are used as flooring and this is enough to support the racks; a wooden beam is placed under them. You can place several racks, not necessarily in the ridge area. There are many options, the choice is up to the builder. If the building small sizes, then the hip roof can be made without racks. But to be on the safe side, at the intersections of the ridge with the slopes, you need to place a stand and a tie.

Calculation of rafter length

We calculate the length of any rafter from the Pythagorean theorem, taking into account that leg a is the length of the post from the ridge to the ceiling, and leg b is the side of the resulting square on the floor (the distance from the base of the post to the inner beam of the strapping beam). Then the length c is calculated by the formula c = square root of a to the power of 2 + b to the power of 2.

Hip roof installation is in full swing

As a result, all 6 rafters (central and auxiliary) are the same size. You can calculate the length in another way, using a coefficient table.

The table of coefficients gives three values: standard roof slope, coefficient for calculating the length of the intermediate rafter and coefficient for calculating the length of the corner rafter.

For example, a roof slope ratio of 3:12 shows the ratio of the legs of the right triangle discussed above. Depending on the obtained ratio, we select the necessary coefficients. Now, to determine the length of the rafters, we multiply the resulting distance b by the resulting coefficient. Unforgettable for the length of the overhang. It is considered separately. We take into account that we calculate the length of the beam to the point of insertion into the strapping beam.

Hip roof and its advantages

This roof has several advantages over a gable roof. Firstly, a hip roof does not have gables or gables, which means the resistance to wind flows is much lower than in a gable roof. Therefore, during a hurricane or strong wind, a hip roof is more stable. Secondly, this type of roof less susceptible to deformation due to specifics designs.

Triangles are rigid figures and have the property of not changing. Due to the fact that the geometric shape of the hips is triangles, the hip roof is rigidly constructed. Thirdly, the overhangs of a hip roof on all four sides can have different sizes. By making a large overhang, you thereby protect the walls of the house.

Overhangs can be used as a canopy for domestic purposes. Fourthly, the appearance of the house with hip roof seems lower than the same house with a gable roof. Therefore, houses with a hip roof fit comfortably into ready-made structures as extensions. They don't spoil the view and design of existing structures. Fifthly, houses with a hip roof are pleasing to the eye and decorate the countryside landscape.

Disadvantages of a hip roof

Firstly, this is the price. The design of a hip roof is more complex than a gable roof, so the final price of such a structure should be more expensive. But if you consider that when building a gable roof you also need to seal the gables or gables, then the difference in the final amount will not be very large.

Secondly, when equipping the attic, you need to take into account that the hips remove part of the free attic space. But even here you can find a way out: equip a beautiful sleeping space or study under the hip. Beautiful, unique and original.

Thirdly, when constructing an attic, windows on all four sides are built on slopes or hips, and therefore at a certain angle of inclination. This causes inconvenience during precipitation, the windows have to be closed. It is clear that in a gable roof, when windows are located on the gables, this is not necessary, since they are in a horizontal position.

But there is a way out here too. On hip roofs, you can design windows in a horizontal position. This will give your roof unusual look, will bring originality to the surrounding landscape. A house with such windows will look fabulous. It is clear that this will require additional expense, but “beauty requires sacrifice.”

A hip roof is a type of hip roof, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two (end ones) are triangular (having the same name “hips”). If the end slopes occupy the entire area from the ridge to the eaves, it is a hip roof; if they do not reach the eaves, it is a half-hip roof.

The roof of a house performs a dual function - on the one hand, it is charged with protecting the building from external influences, and on the other, it is designed to decorate the structure and give it individuality.

Historically, in Russia preference was given to simpler one-, gable roofs, Europeans prefer a hip or hip roof, which has advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions.

Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

greater structural rigidity. Achieved by corner ribs connecting near the ridge support beam;

the possibility of arranging more protruding overhangs, which provides additional protection house walls;

aesthetic appeal.

Minuses:

complexity of calculation and installation;
higher cost of project implementation;
reducing the area of the attic (in particular in the area where diagonal supports are installed);
impossibility of installing an attic;
natural light is only possible by installing windows in the roofing pie.

Since the shortcomings are not critical - hipped roof hip type is actively practiced in modern construction private houses.

Varieties (types and types) of hip roof

Studying the device rafter system hip roof, it should be noted that within this type, there are several types of structures. In turn, this makes adjustments to the overall process of constructing the frame of the rafter system.

Classic hip roof

It is distinguished by the support of the diagonal ribs on the ridge support beam and the location of the overhangs at the same height. Individual elements hip roofs correspond to a triangle (gables) and a trapezoid (slopes).

Hip hip roof

It is distinguished by the absence of a ridge support beam. This leads to the fact that all the diagonal ribs converge at a single point, and ordinary short rafters are already adjacent to them. This type of roof is preferred if the house has a square frame. But forming a reliable ridge assembly is quite complicated.

Half hip roof

It is distinguished by the presence of vertical gables in which windows can be installed. The picture shows the difference between two types of half-hip roofs (Dutch and Danish).

Sloping hip roof or mansard hipped roof

The most complex design of the hip roof rafter system in terms of construction, since in this case, all roof slopes have different area and diverge at different angles. A sloping (attic) roof allows you to more rationally organize the internal roof space and, in addition to additional living space, give the house a spectacular appearance.

Hip roof design

Regardless of the type of roof, all types have the same elements of the hip roof rafter system:

ridge support beam or ridge beam - used for a classic hip roof, performs the function load-bearing element, to which the diagonal rafters are attached;

diagonal rafter (side, rib, slant or corner rafter) - a longer rafter leg that is attached to the end of the ridge beam under acute angle, forming one of the sides of the triangle;

central rafter - boards of the same length that adjoin the ridge beam and form the edges of the trapezoidal roof slope. Between them there are intermediate rafters;

intermediate or ordinary rafters - forms the plane of the trapezoidal slope, the distance between them determines the run of the rafter system;

sprig or short rafter - structural element, which is attached to a diagonal rafter, forms a triangular overhang and corner parts of trapezoids.

Hip roof calculation

The calculation of the hip roof truss system is carried out taking into account the following prerequisites:

wind load in the region. The higher it is, the flatter the slope should be, and the stronger the entire structure. To level out strong winds, the central and diagonal rafters are made thicker;

amount of precipitation. An inverse relationship is observed. The higher the amount of precipitation, the steeper the slope should be so that snow and rain do not create pressure on the rafter system;

view roofing material. Each type of roofing material puts forward its own requirements for the sheathing, and also has a certain weight. These factors must be taken into account at the design stage;

the need for roof insulation. In this case, the rafter installation step is calculated taking into account the width thermal insulation material. In addition, the distance between the rafters depends on the type and section of the wood.

The calculation of roofing material is carried out using formulas taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof. Optimal roof pitch for roofing materials different types shown in the table:

The slope of the slope angle determines the position of the rafters. In turn, the position of the intermediate rafter is calculated as follows:

first, a center line is applied to the top trim of the end wall;
then half the thickness of the ridge beam is calculated, and the placement line of the first of the central intermediate rafters is drawn;
then the end of the measuring rod is aligned with the placement line of the central intermediate rafter marked above;
a line of the internal contour of the side wall is applied to the opposite end of the measuring rod;
the resulting point is the position of the intermediate rafter.

The relationship between the length of the rafters and their position is calculated using a correction factor, the value of which depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The length of the rafter leg is determined by multiplying the laying by the coefficient.

Material prepared for the website www.site

Formulas for calculating a hip roof

Ridge height
Ridge beam length	The length of the house minus its width
Central length rafters (trapezoid)		Pythagorean theorem
Length of ordinary rafters	Calculated similarly to the length of the central rafters
Rafter extension to form frame overhang
Tilt angle ordinary rafters
Diagonal length hip rafters
Narozhniki (short rafters)	First short rafter
	Second short rafter
Square hip roof

How to calculate the area of a hip roof?

To know how much roofing material to buy, you need to know the total roof area.

To do this, you need to break the entire roof into simple components geometric figures and make a calculation for each of them.

Calculating the area of a hip roof allows you to determine in advance not only the costs of purchasing roofing materials and installation, but also to determine the requirements for materials, as well as the need for arrangement and the exact configuration of the sheathing.

Hip roof rafter system drawing

The result of the project development and calculations will be a diagram-drawing of the hip roof rafter system. There are no similar drawings that are ready for use without taking into account the features of a particular structure and the place where it was built.

You can develop a preliminary design yourself (a simple sketch will help determine the direction of the project). But, it is better to entrust the drawing to specialists or use special programs for calculations. It should be remembered that what more complex design roof, the more accurately you need to calculate the rafter system: configuration and materials. This will also affect the cost and duration of installation work.

The hip roof drawing must include an indication of the purpose of the material, its installation location and method of fastening. It is advisable to include the key components of the hip roof rafter system, for example, the connection of diagonal supports to the ridge beam or the installation of rafter legs on the mauerlat, in a separate drawing and describe them in more detail.

Drawing of a hip roof (sloping rafters with emphasis on two purlins)

Drawing of a hip roof rafter system with a bay window

Having a schematic drawing will be a good help in the manufacture of blanks and subsequent installation of the roof.

Tools for building a hip roof

The design of the roof and the methods for arranging the components determine the set of tools that should be prepared before starting work.

To work with wood you will need: a level, a hacksaw, a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, and a stapler.

To work with metal structures You will need an electric drill, a riveter, and cutting shears.

Tool and Consumables must be prepared in advance, because The complex installation of a hip roof rafter system requires a large number of cuts and installation of nails.

To simplify measurements and be able to make all parts the same size, craftsmen advise replacing the tape measure with a measuring rod. The measuring rod is made of plywood 50 mm wide, onto which the main dimensions are applied.

Hip roof material

The species and type of wood influence direct influence on the durability and reliability of the roofing structure. Craftsmen advise giving preference to lumber or pine. All workpieces require pre-treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics.

In addition to wood you will need metal fastenings, nails, screws, anchor bolts.

Note. Forming a hip rafter system on wooden house, which can shrink, craftsmen advise using floating fasteners to connect the rafters to the Mauerlat. This method compensates for the movement of the crowns during the natural shrinkage of a house made of timber or logs.

Hip roof rafter system - installation technology

DIY rafter system devices step by step:

1. Preparation of blanks (rafters)

This is the most difficult and time-consuming part of construction, because... associated with:

the need to ensure a given angle of inclination of the rafter legs;
different lengths of rafters (short rafters);
the presence of diagonal rafters (sloping), which are given Special attention. Due to their length, slanted rafters carry a greater load than the main rafters, and therefore require the use of higher quality lumber with a larger cross-section. In addition, often the length of the diagonal rafters exceeds the standard length of the boards.

In order not to buy different lumber, in practice the splicing (pairing) method is used. edged boards to obtain the specified length.

Advantages of rafter splicing technology:

obtaining continuous beams of a given length;
increasing the strength of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof due to the doubled cross-section;
simplification of calculation and purchase of material (unification of dimensions: length and cross-section);
the possibility of using boards designed to form ordinary rafters.

2. Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat for a hip roof is a wooden beam of large cross-section (100x100 or 100x150 mm) mounted around the perimeter of the walls. First grade wood is used for the Mauerlat.

The peculiarity of laying the Mauerlat is that the timber is connected along the length only with an overlap, but not end-to-end, using many connection points with the base of the wall. The connecting nodes are additionally reinforced with metal brackets.

Since the purpose of the Mauerlat is to serve as a support for the rafter legs, it needs protection from moisture. For this purpose, a hydraulic barrier is placed between the wall and the beam (for example, roofing felt is used).

Note. Under the Mauerlat in brick houses(or from aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete) a reinforced concrete belt is poured with pre-installed studs for mounting the timber. The pin has a diameter of 10 mm or more and should protrude beyond the plane of the Mauerlat by 20-30 mm. The stud installation pitch is 1000-1200 mm.

3. Purlin installation

A purlin is a beam installed parallel to the sides of the mauerlat. The purlin serves as the basis for installing additional supports under rafter legs. The installation of a purlin is not a mandatory stage of work and is performed only for hip roofs of a large area or those with a configuration of increased complexity. The location of the purlin is shown in the diagram.

It should be taken into account that the point of maximum load will vary depending on the location - on the ridge of the hip or on the edge of the valley.

Note. The hipped hip roof is mounted without support, and a complex assembly is formed at the junction of the diagonal rafters.

4. Installation of support posts

The racks serve as a support when installing the ridge beam ( Orange color on the picture).

5. Installation of the ridge beam

Installation of the hip roof ridge is accompanied by precise measurements. Since the entire roof structure will rest on the ridge, the correctness of its installation is checked in terms of height and level.

(banner_advert_2)

6. Attaching rafter legs

Regarding the sequence of work at this stage, the opinions of the craftsmen differ. This makes it possible to distinguish two directions for performing work:

The central rafters are mounted, and then the diagonal ones. This procedure is simpler;
diagonal rafters are mounted, and then the rest.

During installation, the lower part of the rafter leg rests on the Mauerlat.

The support of rafters on a hip roof is shown in the diagram. The first option (with a cutout) is simpler, but the second (with a support beam) is preferable, because in this case, the fastening does not weaken the rafter.

Forming a knot on a ridge beam is possible in different ways.

Options for top fastening of diagonal rafters are shown in the diagram.

Advice. For rigidity, it is advisable to reinforce all nodes with metal elements (staples, plates, corners).

Since diagonal rafters bear a significant load, they can be strengthened using such means as:

installation of the rack. Mounted vertically on the ceiling;
installation of the strut. Mounted at an angle. The angle of inclination is not decisive. The ability of the brace to strengthen the diagonal rafter is important;
truss Essentially, this is a T-shaped short beam rotated 180°. It is used on long spans and is installed so that its base is oriented perpendicular to the diagonal rafter.

7. Installation of ordinary rafters

The rows are installed similarly to the installation of the central rafters, which form the edges of the trapezoid. Their lower part rests and is attached to the mauerlat, and the upper part rests against the ridge beam. It is important to maintain the same distance between row rafters.

8. Installation of roof trusses (short rafters)

Spawners are made only from solid lumber. At the junction of the spigot and the long rafter, notches are made or support beams are installed. The installation site is additionally reinforced with metal elements.

Note. Installation of hip roof extensions is possible in staggered intervals to simplify installation.

In any case, the spigots are installed after formation power frame roofs. Their installation completes the work on installing the hip roof rafter system.

DIY hip roof step by step - video

The program shows the process of installing a rafter system for a gable hip roof with a central bay window along a short wall.

Once the rafter system is ready, you can begin installation roofing, the specifics of fastening of which determine the need to install the sheathing on the rafter legs.

Installation of a hip roof truss system is a long process that requires attention to every stage of the work - from calculation and selection of material, to installation of parts and strengthening of fastening points. But, if all stages are carried out correctly, the result will be a beautiful and reliable roof for a private home.

It is worth noting that the designs of private houses with a hip roof are quite varied. They may have different parameters and functionality. It all depends on the planning criteria. The hip roof is of particular importance in this building. Let's try to figure it out what it is.

Project of a house with a hip roof

This type of roofing structure is considered the most popular today. The hip roof is different:

practicality;
reliability;
durability.

Quite often this roof is used to furnish an attic. This is due to the fact that its slopes are designed for excellent placement of roof windows.

The hip is the sloping edge of the roof. It is formed as a result correct connection two sides of the structure it turns out external corner. The hips go from the eaves of the roof to its ridge.

Types of hip roof

She has different kinds and maybe:

hipped.

Note. Some may have the impression that almost every roof can be a hip roof. This is wrong. There are various designs for such structures, but none of them provide for broken corners and surfaces.

What buildings can have a hip roof?

are made up with a roof structure. This makes it possible to correctly calculate the exact amount of materials for the construction process. The approximate mass of the entire structure is also determined, on which the depth of the foundation depends.

Mostly the houses are one-story. All this is due to the fact that the roof structure can be easily converted into an attic. This is due to the large amount of usable space on the hip roof.

A two-story house with such a roof is also often found. Only in it the functionality of the structure will not be fully used, since there is already quite a lot a large number of usable space.

All this is due to the fact that the roofing structure will ultimately be expensive and can be replaced with cheaper types.

Project one-story house with hip roof

Characteristics of a hip roof

Firstly, there are different types of such roofs. Depending on them, the useful area of the structure can easily be converted into a residential one, due to this the house only expands its useful area. Secondly, it is quite easy to install windows on the hips, since they do not have a large angle of inclination. Thirdly, the roof itself is low and the appearance of the entire house does not suffer from this.

Thanks to the wide range of roofing materials, the cladding of such a structure can be done with your own hands not only with high quality, but also in an original way. This will make the common one even more unusual.

Main types of hip roof

It cannot be said that the types of such designs are diverse. The main difference between the roof lies in the number of hips. There are two types of roofing:

The first option is characterized by a certain arrangement of inclined parts. If the hips on the slopes do not reach the end of the eaves and break off, then this type is a half-hip roof.

For most cottages that have a wooden roof frame, this type of roof is the most the best option. The structure is attached to special braces. If, however, then the installation of the roof will be a little more complicated with reinforcements in the form wooden planks on the frame. An accurate calculation of dimensions and material is carried out in advance.

The most popular second type of hip roof is “Danish”. This design is characterized by the presence of:

hip rafters;
special boards for support;
reinforcing crossbars with liner;
simple rafters;
spacers.

The top lining of the walls is also performed before installing the roof.

All these parameters are needed in order to make the correct calculation of a gable hip roof. For a three-slope you will need to take into account:

racks;
rafters for the fronts;
floor beams;
special ridge runs;
various puffs.

The last type of roofing structure is of particular interest for creating houses in a unique architectural style. You can also build rectilinear domes. All this looks very unusual, and such a hip roof, made with your own hands, always attracts attention and differs from neighboring houses.

What to consider when designing a hip roof

Since the types of such roofing structures are quite diverse, it is necessary to initially decide what exact shape the roof will be, and how many slopes are needed for a more attractive appearance dwellings.

Another option for a house project with a hip roof

All this affects overall design private houses.

Then the design is calculated. It takes into account:

roof height;
its width;
hip angle.

In this case, the roof base can be:

square;
rectangular.

Why do you need a preliminary calculation of the roof of a house? Based on the data obtained, it will be possible to accurately determine the quantity necessary materials for roofing and planning correct location each element.

Although the types of hip roof may be different, you still need to follow the rules for constructing the structure.

Features of the hip roof rafter system

To make a hip roof with your own hands, you need to know some of the planning features of this component of any house.

The basis for creating such a design is wooden frame. It is for this reason that you need to select quality wood, which gives the roof long term operation.

It is necessary to make the correct calculation of the structure frame. In this process, it is worth considering that the steeper the roof slope, the greater the number of construction and finishing materials will be needed to improve the roof of the house.

Important. An accurate calculation of the entire system will help get rid of some unpleasant situations during the construction process and will significantly extend the life of the roof.

Immediately produced rafter frame for houses. It consists of:

support belt;
central beam;
vertical posts with slopes;
ridge beam or purlin.

The following rafters are also used:

hip rafter legs (inclined parts);
ordinary rafter legs;
rafter purlins;
rafters;
racks;
lying down;
struts.

The support belt for the construction of the roof structure of private houses is otherwise called a Mauerlat.

Construction of the support belt

Initially, you need to make an accurate calculation of the materials for this. The work uses timber, which is laid along the outer walls of the house. It is considered a support for hip rafters in installation. As a rule, timber is most often used coniferous species trees. Although metal is often used instead of wood. More precisely, metal channel. In some cases - an I-beam.

At the same time, the house must have a high strength index so that it can withstand significant loads of the roof structure.

The main function of this support belt is to connect the roof with the walls of the house. A load calculation is made for each square meter load-bearing walls and on each side of the roof.
Important. The transverse dimensions of the Mauerlat should be 10x10 cm. During construction big houses– 25x25 cm.

Previously, a reinforcing base is made along the entire perimeter of the building at the end of the stone walls.

Thus, it is formed Smooth surface For correct installation support belt. The process goes like this:

On brick wall formwork is constructed at the top.
The fittings are laid out in it, which are tied together.
Then it all gets poured in concrete mortar, which is prepared using purified sand, Portland cement and water. Proportions: 1 bucket of cement to 2-3 buckets of sand.

This preparatory support must dry. This will take several weeks.

Advice. In such work, it is necessary to maintain the exact horizontality of the surface. Otherwise, there may be deformations in the roofing structure of houses during the construction process.

Hip roof installation process

It is worth considering that special metal pins must come out of such a concrete belt. Their length is less than 10 cm. As soon as the Mauerlat is attached to them, they should peek out from it by several centimeters.

The surface of the dried concrete is coated with bitumen. Then roofing material is applied to it. It will protect the wood of the frame from rotting processes. Then holes are drilled in the bars and placed on the studs.

Wood must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and various means that protect it from fire and moisture. Because of this, the house will be endowed with durability and safety in operation.

It is necessary to take into account that such a support belt can be made both along the entire perimeter of the building and in its individual parts: in places where rafter legs are installed.

Drawing of rafter leg support

Home is an integral part of any person’s life. And it doesn't matter where you live own home or rent.

Or maybe you're in this moment are you doing it?

For those who decide to build a house themselves, it is important to remember that special attention should be paid to the roof.

This structural element is of particular importance, both from an aesthetic and practical point of view. After all, he will have to protect the entire building from various weather conditions:

Rain;
Snow;
Hail;
Wind;
Sun.

Therefore, before construction, it is necessary to think in advance what shape the roof will have? What roofing material is best to cover it with? Carry out the necessary work before starting construction so that no problems arise during the overlap period.

It is better to select the shape based on the climate of the region where you live. This determines how effective the protection of the entire building will be at different times of the year.

They are divided into:

Flat;
Pitched.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

But in regions with frequent precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail, it is best to install pitched options.

Thanks to the angle of inclination, precipitation does not accumulate on the plane, but flows down the slopes into special whirlpools. The tilt angles are selected according to the wishes of the developer, starting from 10 degrees.

They are also divided into several types:

Steep angle of the gable surface;
The flat shape of the gable plane;
A broken line with the location of the attic;
Hip with four sloped sides;
Half-hip;
In the form of a tent with four slopes.

When choosing a suitable form, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: how heavy the rainfall is in your area; whether the winds blow and especially, what strength and duration, this is important for choosing suitable angle tilt

Types of roofs

Hip roof - what is it and what types are there?

The main difference between a hip roof and all others is the presence of four slopes. consists of two large parts, which have the shape of a trapezoid, and the small ones are triangles.

This species was named because of its triangular slopes located on the front side.

To build such a structure, a double screed and beams are required. It is also necessary to arrange for each slope so that moisture does not damage the walls of the house.

When planning the design of drains, you should think about where precipitation will flow; some combine drains with the general sewer system. But here It is important to consider the amount of precipitation in your area.

Hip roofing has many advantages, the main one being wind protection against strong gusts. This design is less subject to deformation and lasts much longer than a gable roof.

For – 21 degrees;
For – 13 degrees;
For – 10 degrees;
– 6 degrees;
For – 12 degrees, it is necessary to carry out good sealing of the joints;
For roll material, if it is laid in two layers - 15 degrees, a three-layer overlap requires 2-5 degrees;
For membrane roofing Any angle will do.

Once you have decided on the angle, you should start calculating the gap between the rafter legs. The distance depends on the severity of the roofing material - from 60 cm to 1 m. Afterwards, the amount of material for covering is calculated.

When proceeding directly to installation, you should adhere to some rules:

First you definitely need mark all the details future design.
The structural parts must be fastened in a certain sequence.
Afterwards proceed to connecting all the parts into a single structure using metal corners or plates.
When installing, it is better to use solid rafters for structural strength. If the roof is too long, double beams should be used.

As advice:

The structure will be stronger and more durable if well-dried coniferous beams are used.
You will avoid inaccuracies in measurements if you use a measuring rod rather than a tape measure.
All beams for the structure must be chosen of the same thickness.
Take all measurements along the bottom edge of the rafters.

Pay special attention when calculating and designing a hip roof. If you doubt own strength, then consult with professionals.

Hip roof device

Tilt angles

Hip roof with attic - features

When building a house, an attic is not so much an attribute of practicality as of aesthetics. It's nice to admire the view from the attic windows.

Designing an attic, if you have chosen the hip roof option, is quite complicated. That's why should be carefully carried out preliminary calculations on the drawing.

Markings for the future installation of a hip roof should be made along the lower part, where the attic floors will be located. The center is marked on the end side, this is where the ridge beam will pass.

The main difference in the design is the placement of the hip rafters. They do not tighten with puffs, as is done, for example, when building a gable roof.

That's why the load will fall on the ridge beam, diagonal and row rafter legs rest on it.

Building a hip roof with an attic will add sophistication to your home, but will require serious power costs, not to mention money.

Hip roof with attic

Hip roof with non-residential attic - features

If you do not plan to inhabit the attic space of the house, this will simplify the roof design. Since the hip roof has a gentle slope, short rafters can be used for a structure with a smaller cross-section, which will significantly save the construction budget.

A residential attic will require a revision of the design, including changing the shape of the roof or significantly raising the beam floor. A similar solution can be used for the construction of large cottage houses, where the dimensions of the structure allow the attic to be equipped as a room.