The health and well-being of the residents of a private house largely depends on the quality characteristics of the air they breathe. IN apartment buildings residential ventilation is designed and installed by the developer company. In your own house, the owner should take care of this on his own. The ventilation system installed in the bathroom of a private house can be natural and forced. Which one to choose is up to you.
Natural ventilation is suitable for houses built with breathable materials. Forced ventilation is mandatory for houses built using modern hermetic materials. A forced hood is selected for a bathroom in a private house, taking into account the square footage of the bathroom and the number of residents.
For effective work natural ventilation systems in country house it is necessary to organize the inflow of fresh street air and the outflow of air masses through the ventilation shafts. to the house with wooden windows fresh air can seep through microscopic gaps in the frames.
The optimal height of the ventilation inlet valve in outer wall at home, a distance of 2 to 2.1 meters is considered. It is advisable to install climate valves for regular inflow of outdoor air into plastic windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows. Replace these devices on the windows can supply valves installed in bearing walls under window sills above batteries or on the side of window openings.
At the same time, cold air flows coming from the street will be mixed with warm air heated by batteries. This means that unpleasant and dangerous drafts will not appear in the house.
How does air get into the bathroom?
Portions of new air enter the bathroom from other living quarters of the house through a 2-2.5-cm gap between the floor and door leaf provided when installing the door to the bathroom. Another option for getting air into the bathroom is to buy and install special doors, in the canvas of which the presence of ventilation holes in the form of gratings or round windows is provided in the lower part. Sometimes, for these purposes, the bathroom door is not tightly closed, especially when it is not being used.
Interior doors for the bathroom, equipped with four round holes, covered with decorative lattice elements
Where does the steam and smells from the bathroom go?
The exhaust ducts are ventilation shafts directed vertically upwards. The bathroom should have its own separate ventilation duct, a side exit to which is designed at the top of the wall in a sanitary and hygienic room.
Direct access to the ventilation duct is cut directly into the ceiling of the bathroom. It is in these channels that steam is drawn in, as well as all extraneous odors. The ventilation window is closed with a decorative grille. In no case should ventilation windows be sealed with wallpaper or other finishing materials.
At correct installation natural ventilation in the bathroom will dry the air. Due to the timely removal of moist air, you will not face the problems of mold and rotting of the materials from which your house is built.
The ventilation window in the bathroom wall has a round shape and is covered with a light decorative grille to match the white ceiling.
Ventilation device for two rooms
In a two-story cottage house, through the ventilation shaft coming from the bathroom located on the first floor of the object, it is possible to organize air exhaust from the premises on the second floor.
At the same time, they cut into the ventilation duct not immediately at a right angle, but through a small elbow, part of which runs parallel to the exhaust riser.
It turns out that air is drawn in through a hole located below the entrance to the ventilation shaft. This is done in order to prevent suction of the elongated moist air from the bathroom into living room On the second floor.
Installation of the ventilation duct
It is possible to assemble and install a ventilation duct in a private house that discharges exhaust air directly to the street from ready-made insulated elements. Such ventilation systems are produced by well-known manufacturers and are assembled as a designer. Their cost is high.
Choosing the Right Materials
Help solve the problem in a cheaper way sewer pipes orange color, which are used to conduct the outer part of the network autonomous sewerage. The walls of these pipes do not crack in the cold.
Choose the diameter of the pipe from the area of the room: 100 or 150 mm. The length of the entire pipe is calculated based on the fact that the ventilation duct should be located half a meter above the roof. The higher the pipe, the stronger the thrust.
Cutting ventilation holes
Put a plug on the upper end of the pipe so that precipitation does not get inside the ventilation pipe-channel. For venting at the top plastic pipe make oblong slots in a circle, the width of which is 20 mm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 30 mm. The length of the sawn rectangular windows should reach 250 mm.
Insulation of the walls of the ventilation pipe
In order to prevent condensation from forming in the installed ventilation duct due to the temperature difference in the attic and on the street, its walls must be well insulated. Suitable basalt wool or isolon.
- We wrap the entire pipe with foil insulation with the shiny side to the walls.
- We glue the connecting seam with foil tape.
- Then we wrap it with insulation again so that the seam falls on the other side of the pipe.
- And again glued with tape.
- After that, a home-made ventilation pipe-mine is wrapped around in a circle all completely with adhesive tape.
Air vent device
A hole is made in the ceiling of the bathroom in a private house, equal to the diameter of the insulated pipe. The upper end of the exhaust pipe is inserted into the opening made in the roof, and the lower end is inserted into the ventilation window cut out in the ceiling.
A home-made ventilation duct must be fixed in a strictly vertical position with clamps to the roof rafters or to other structures in the attic of the house. In the bathroom, a hole in the ceiling is decorated with a lattice, matched in size and color. For fastening use self-tapping screws or liquid nails.
Installing the fresh air damper
The natural ventilation system in a private house works with the greatest efficiency only if a way is thought out to ensure a constant supply of fresh air from the street. This problem is perfectly solved by installing a valve in the wall of a private house. Outdoor air enters the house even with tightly closed plastic windows, passes through all rooms and is discharged through the exhaust outlet in the bathroom, covered with a decorative grille.
Thus, a constant air exchange is carried out, which is necessary to eliminate unpleasant odors from the bathroom, saturate closed space oxygen, removal of heavy humidified air outside the house to the street.
The design of the supply valve allows you to understand how fresh air is supplied from the street to the house and in what volume
For valve mounting supply ventilation in a log house you will need:
- ordinary drill;
- crown with a diameter of 133 mm with a center drill;
- chisel;
- hammer;
- tow or polyurethane foam;
- hacksaw for metal;
- screwdriver;
- self-tapping screws;
- screwdriver
In the living room of a private house-cottage in the upper part log wall using a drill and a crown nozzle with a centering drill, a hole is drilled with a diameter of 133 mm. Work is carried out in several steps, chipping the drilled part of the tree with a chisel and a hammer. The hole in the outer wall is given a slight slope towards the street in order to drain condensate.
The supply ventilation valve kit includes a meter metal-plastic pipe, the inner walls of which are insulated with basalt heat-insulating material. The insulation does not allow the wall to freeze in the area of the drilled hole. A piece is cut from this pipe, the length of which corresponds to the thickness of the log.
The pipe is inserted into a hole in the wall. Small gaps are insulated with tow, which fills the gaps over the entire thickness of the wall. Can the tow be replaced mounting foam. Further, from the street side, a grate equipped with an insect net is put on the pipe. The decorative grille comes with the valve.
Installation of the supply valve in wooden house it is possible to do it on your own without the involvement of ventilation specialists
The valve itself is installed last. To install it, you need to remove the headband and free access to the mounting lugs. The valve consists of two petals that open at several angles of inclination. There is an arrow on the body, the direction of which is taken into account when installing the valve in a plastic pipe.
Additionally, we fix the valve to the wall with self-tapping screws. Then we put the headband, snapping it onto the fixed part. We return to its place the wheel that regulates the degree of opening of the valve petals.
Forced ventilation of the bathroom
If the draft in the ventilation shaft is weak, then you can increase the outflow of heavy moist air from the bathroom using an electric exhaust fan. Check the traction force with a sheet of thin paper or a lit match. If the leaf sticks to the exhaust window, and the flame stretches towards the hood, then the draft is good.
With little or no draft, the only way out is to install an exhaust fan. At the moment, you can choose exhaust fans for a variety of situations, in various sizes and colors. It is advisable to calculate and install a fan of the required power, then your time spent in the bathroom will be comfortable.
Very popular fan models with check valve in exhaust ventilation. As a rule, the check valve is already initially provided in the design of the fan. The damper shutters automatically open with even a small flow of air from the room and slam shut when there is a reverse flow of air into the room.
Transparent shutters of the non-return valve operate on the “nipple” system. The air flow to the ventilation system is free, the back is completely blocked
This design is very important in a situation where, due to errors in the calculation and installation, a reverse flow of air from the exhaust ventilation into the room is possible. Moreover, the curtains are autonomous and work when the fan is off.
Choosing a household fan with a check valve
Before buying a fan, it is necessary to unscrew the decorative panel and measure the size of the hole, if it was provided during the construction of a private house. With the data received, they are sent to the store in order to select and buy a device with a non-return valve that is suitable in size. When choosing, take into account the smaller of the measurements so that the round body enters the window.
Among models that are suitable in size, a fan is already being chosen according to a number of other criteria:
- design;
- electric motor power;
- power consumption class;
- the presence of a check valve;
- noiselessness;
- curtain movement, etc.
A variety of models of bathroom exhaust fans allow the buyer to choose a device that perfectly matches the interior of the bathroom
Exhaust fan connection options
There are several ways to connect the hood to the mains. The device can be turned on by sensors (motion or humidity), as well as simultaneously with the light. The shutdown of the fan can also be set in several ways - by a timer after a specified time or by a switch, which must be located inside the bathroom. The check valve is automatic and does not depend on electricity.
Connecting the hood to the light circuit ensures that it starts functioning at the moment the light is turned on. At the same time, the fan must have its own separate switch, with which it will be possible to disconnect, if necessary, the lighting and ventilation of the bathroom. The switch can be mounted on the wall or located on the fan casing.
One of the possible schemes for connecting a fan in a bathroom with a separate switch for the appliance
In the latter case, the device is turned off by pulling the rope or chain. Choose a model with a long cord so that the hood can be safely turned off by family members who are not tall. In principle, you can always make a long one out of a short lace by building it up.
Timer shutdown has its pros and cons. You don't have to worry about forgetting to turn off the appliance. If it is necessary to reduce the operating time of the hood or, conversely, increase it in comparison with the set value, then there are inconveniences. Therefore, choose a model with a switch so that the fan runs when you need it.
Do-it-yourself fan installation in the bathroom
Before installation, carefully read the installation instructions for the axial fan. Remove the device and all accessories that come with it from the box. These are, as a rule, fasteners in the form of four dowel-nails. Not to drill tile, you can replace the dowel fastening with adhesive connection. However, it will be very difficult to remove the glued fan for cleaning and repair.
The value of the minimum distance at which the exhaust fan is fixed to the wall using self-tapping screws screwed with a conventional screwdriver
Therefore, we will take a closer look at how to make a forced exhaust from the bath in the house using a miniature wall fan fixed with self-tapping screws.
- remove the decorative grille from the device by unscrewing the screw or simply snapping it off (different models have different ways);
- insert the cylindrical part of the fan housing into the exhaust hole;
- with a marker we mark the places for drilling tiles for dowels or self-tapping screws, depending on the material of the wall;
- we remove the device to the side and proceed to drilling the tiles;
- you can drill a tile with a drill using a special pen drill, or with a puncher, which is a little more difficult;
- plastic dowels are inserted into the holes obtained;
- in a special opening provided by the manufacturer, lead wires to connect the motor to the mains;
- if the location of this opening does not suit you, then we drill a new hole in the body panel;
- install a household fan, combining the lugs in the case with drilled holes;
- twist the screws diagonally so that the plastic case of the device does not warp;
- remove the fan impeller, freeing access to the contacts inside the device;
- we put the stripped ends of the wires into the terminal block and clamp them with bolts;
- we put the terminal block in place, laying the wires in a special groove;
- check the operability of the installed fan by turning on the light when parallel connection or by pressing the instrument's own switch;
- after checking, we snap the decorative grille on the fan housing.
The forced extractor is mounted and ready to deal with damp and polluted air in the bathroom.
The wires are connected using various terminal blocks. For safety reasons, it is not allowed to twist the wires by insulating them with electrical tape
Note! Wires must be run in advance under the tiles during wall cladding in case of installation forced ventilation. If this has not been done, then the wiring is carried out along the tiles in plastic boxes, which are glued to the tiles with polymer glue.
This video shows the installation of a ceiling extractor fan in the bathroom, which is projected to be located on the lower floor of a private two-story house.
Ways to combine two types of ventilation
When the hood is turned on, the volume of incoming and outgoing air increases. During the shutdown of the device, the process of ventilation of the living room is practically absent. This happens due to the fact that the fan housing completely blocks the gap ventilation window. The propeller blades interfere with the natural outflow of air from the bathroom. The problem is solved in two ways.
We insert a double grille into a large ventilation window-hole, in which there is a round window for the fan and several additional slotted curtains for natural air outflow.
There are fans on the market with different case diameters, so you can choose a device that is smaller than the vent. When the fan is off, the air will escape through a simple grate located under the appliance.
If the ventilation window small size, then to ensure a natural outflow of air, they put a fan on legs of 1.5-2 cm. The legs do not allow the appliance grille to fit snugly against the wall. Air is drawn into the resulting space under the action of the traction force generated in the shaft, and leaves through openings that are not closed by the round fan housing.
The legs are made by hand from ordinary foam. Self-tapping screws go well through given material. The foam legs also serve as a shock absorber, reducing the degree of vibration of the operating hood.
An example of integrating two types of ventilation - forced and natural - in the bathroom of a private house
Having learned in detail about how to make a bathroom hood in a private house, you can decide for yourself whether this task is within your power or not. Maybe, best solution will contact a company that provides services in your area for the installation of all known types of ventilation.
The bathroom, toilet, where unpleasant odors and condensate accumulate, most of all need an exhaust system. A high-quality hood provides a normal microclimate in the premises that meets sanitary and hygienic requirements. For you need to study the rules for installing a fan.
- a finely organized structure that affects the microclimate of the room. The appearance of mold in the bathroom indicates a malfunction of the ventilation system or the insufficiency of the existing one, errors during self-installation or design miscalculations. Rising from hot water steam creates condensation that accumulates on the walls and eventually turns into a fungus. Redecorating temporarily relieve stains, so the problem is solved at the root. It is also required to ensure air exchange, since the organization of a healthy microclimate for a person during baths and other procedures is impossible without this.
Sanitary requirements and norms
According to SNIP and other regulatory documents, to create forced air exchange in rooms with high humidity, fresh air is supplied, adhering to the following indicators:- 6–8 m3/hour per 1 cubic meter of bathroom area;
- 8–10 m3 / hour - for a combined bathroom.
Equipment performance calculation
Before buying equipment for the installation of forced ventilation of the toilet and bathroom, calculations are carried out. Knowing the exact volume, the purpose of the rooms, they choose the equipment that is optimal in terms of productivity (for details on how to calculate everything and install forced ventilation, read). Each room has its own air aeration ratio. The value indicates how many times the air supply is refreshed in one hour.Attention
A bathroom with a toilet is classified as a room with high humidity, the allowable maximum aeration ratio is equal to 10.
To calculate the productivity, usefulness of the hood, calculate the volume of the room by multiplying the height by the area. The resulting value is multiplied by the air exchange rate. The result, indicated in m3/h, indicates the minimum extractor power for the bathroom. For example, for a bathroom of 9 square meters. meters with a wall height of 2.5 meters perform the following calculations:
According to calculations, for a bathroom of 9 square meters. m will require a fan with a capacity of 100 ... 135 m³ / h. For ventilation systems with the effect of reverse draft, in order to overcome the resistance of the outlet, the calculated fan performance is increased by 30% Air holes are provided in advance, for which a two-centimeter gap is left between the door and the floor, lattice structures are installed at the bottom of the doors leading to the bathroom, or they are drilled holes.
How to make a forced system with your own hands?
The ventilation ducts in the walls of the bathroom are usually not enough for the necessary air exchange, therefore, fans are installed to increase the efficiency of aeration. Design and installation is carried out independently, with preparatory work. For this: - Compare the diameter of the exhaust device with the size of the opening in the wall.
- The narrow entrance to the vent is expanded with a perforator.
- A plastic or corrugated pipe is inserted into the wide entrance.
- The gap between the pipe and the wall is sealed with mounting foam.
Place for installation
For the most productive work of ventilation, you need to choose a powerful installation and choose a place for installation. The hood is designed to remove warm, moist air., the hood is mounted in the upper part of the wall opposite the front door. To ensure fresh air access to the room, a grate is built into the lower part of the door or a gap is left under the door, which allows fresh air to enter the room from the apartment. It is forbidden to install the fan near the sink, bathtub, toilet bowl and other sources high humidity as this causes a short circuit. For the same reason, the device is placed under the ceiling. To reduce noise, install a silicone gasket between the device and the wall. An electric hood is not installed in the toilet above the door, so as not to reduce the air flow.The fan is not installed near heating devices so that it does not overheat.
Diagnosis of the state of the ventilation duct
Before installing ventilation, carefully study the condition and arrangement of the ventilation output. To do this, check the draft - first with the window and doors open, then tightly closing the fresh air supply sources. A paper sheet, a lit match, a lighter are leaned against the ventilation shaft. The tongue of flame, shifted towards the ventilation duct, a piece of paper stuck to the hole indicates the presence of traction. To improve traction, check the ventilation shaft for the presence of debris left after the repair. Removing the obstruction will greatly improve the operation of the entire exhaust system.How to connect: circuit selection
Considering a typical apartment in a new building, it becomes clear that standard built-in ventilation is not able to cope with the removal of moisture from the bathroom. The exception is a private house where the toilet has a window. Often, when organizing forced ventilation, you need to find out the duration of the period of operation of the exhaust system. Typically, the fan is connected to a light switch, activating the device while a person is in the bathroom. But this is not enough to ventilate the room. The next way is to connect the device to an independent switch. But the visitor often forgets about such a trifle as the need to turn off or turn on the device. Therefore, it is necessary to install a fan with a humidity meter. Devices work autonomously, delete excess moisture from the premises without the need for human intervention.
How to install a fan?
Starting to install the ventilation system, read the instructions for the device. It contains step by step guide for installation, which simplifies the work. In the absence of manufacturer's instructions or translation into the native language, the actions are performed in the following order:- remove the outer cover;
- the places where the fan is attached to the wall are lubricated with polymer glue, liquid nails or silicone;
- insert the device into the opening in the wall, completely hiding the working part, consisting of the blades and the engine;
- the body is pressed tightly to set the glue;
- to protect against insects and debris from entering the room from the ventilation shaft, a mosquito net is installed;
- the cover is put in place, fixed with self-tapping screws or dowels, which are supplied in the kit;
- the final stage is laying the wire, connecting the fan to the mains.
Components and materials of the system in apartments and private houses
The ventilation system of combined or separate bathrooms in small apartments is a fan inserted into a hole in the wall. In large apartments - air ducts made of plastic, metal, mounted behind false ceiling. In private houses it consists of the following elements:
- Air duct. Rectangular pipe with a length of 0.5, 1 or 2 meters. Installed under the ceiling, do not require extra space.
- Fan- external, protruding above the surface, or embedded. The first is used to ventilate a small room, the second - in complex multi-way systems.
- Swivel elbow for connecting corners of rectangular pipes. Vertical and horizontal models are produced.
- Connecting fitting. Matches straight sections of the ventilation system.
- Check valve. Prevents insects and debris from entering the room from the ventilation shaft (do it yourself?).
Operating rules
To extend the life of the equipment, preventive measures are regularly carried out.- The ventilation system is inspected for debris, dust and dirt are removed from the fan blades. This will ensure full air exchange, and the device will work at maximum power.
- Periodically check the draft in the bathroom, toilet, wash the mosquito net warm water with detergent.
Untimely maintenance and cleaning of the exhaust system leads to failure of the entire system.
- Masters advise people who first encountered the installation of a ventilation system in the toilet and bathroom to ensure the supply of fresh air. Otherwise, work efficiency exhaust device is reduced to zero (?).
- It is not necessary to buy expensive large-sized systems. It is enough to choose a device, having previously correctly calculated the required power.
- The presence of an ionizer, an air purifier, an air conditioner, a household humidifier does not eliminate the need for ventilation installation, since none of the listed devices contributes to the flow of fresh air.
- When installing the fan, it is recommended to pay attention to the power of household electrical wiring. The device is characterized by two main parameters - power and pressure. These parameters depend on each other, they are taken into account in order to avoid damage to the cable due to network overload.
- After installation is completed, you need to check the operation of the fan by leaning a sheet of paper or bringing the included lighter. If the flame does not change position, a specialist is called in to fix the problem, especially with attachments built into the system - sensors, thermometers, remote controls, external interfaces.
Useful video
Below you can find detailed instructions connection and installation of forced ventilation in the bathroom.In contact with
The toilet and bathroom in a wooden house suffer more from stagnant air than other rooms. With insufficient ventilation of the bathroom and bathroom, condensate accumulates on the pipes, and mold settles in blind corners. Unpleasant odors and dampness that irritate a person cause a natural desire to get rid of them as soon as possible. How to achieve pleasant fresh air in the interior of a private wooden house?
We invite you to find out how ventilation is done in the bathroom with your own hands. Once you've received the theoretical guidance, you'll feel the urge to arm yourself with the tools and get down to practical action immediately.
Features of a bathroom in a private house
Wooden house bathroom
It is not appropriate for residents of city apartments to think about where sewage flows and how air is cleaned. Unlike them, the owner of the mansion is obliged to equip the ventilation of the bathroom in his private house on his own.
It is necessary to plan in advance what type of bathroom to build, based on the presence or absence of a centralized sewer system in the area.
You, as the owner of the house, will have to decide at the initial stage of construction whether forced ventilation of the bathroom is needed, or natural enough. To do this, simple calculations should be made so that the efficiency of air exchange complies with the norms of SNiP for ventilation of bathrooms.
But before you start building a ventilation system for a bathroom in a wooden house with your own hands, you first have to:
Ventilation of a bathroom in a modern wooden house
In an ancient era, there was no such thing as ventilation of latrines, but in log houses the Russian stove served as a means of natural air purification. The stagnant air, along with the smells of the garbage pail, was drawn into the stove blew and carried out through the chimney.
current building technology deprive the walls of wood frame house the ability to "breathe". And hermetic double-glazed windows even more so turn the dwelling into a kind of space station. To ventilate rooms, you can install windows with ventilation holes, but for effective ventilation a bathroom in a private house, this method is not suitable.
To be sure to get rid of stale air, you will have to make artificial ventilation in the bathroom with your own hands. Its essence is that the exhaust fan is built into the system, and it greatly enhances air exchange. The best option is to install a central fan in the attic. Additionally, you can equip the system with air condition sensors to optimize the fan operation.
A wooden house will shrink over time and its structures can move and damage the elements of the ventilation system. Consider this feature, and leave expansion gaps when laying air ducts.
When developing a ventilation system project, it is necessary to solve the issue of combining air ducts. For example, ventilation of bathrooms in public buildings should be carried out only independent system, and it is forbidden to combine it with the general one according to the norms of SNiP ventilation of bathrooms. But in private homes, such a precaution is unnecessary. It is enough to install a non-return valve on the ventilation duct, and the path to the living quarters will be cut off for smells from the toilet.
A good example of a combination of air ducts can serve as a bathroom, equipped as a backlash closet.
Backlash closet and elimination of odors from it
Toilets of this design are often seen in homes that do not have a sewer connection. Backlash-closet is one of the premises of the house, under which is arranged cesspool for impurities. It is not difficult to build exhaust ventilation of such a bathroom in a wooden house with your own hands.
The principle of operation of the ventilation of a bathroom in a private house with a backlash closet is extremely simple. A vertical pipe, the so-called backlash channel, creates a draft so that the air from the restroom is drawn out. Traditionally, the backlash closet was built close to the stove, and the exhaust duct was built into the chimney masonry. Thus, the problems of heating the toilet and its ventilation were simultaneously solved.
If you decide to build a backlash closet in your house, take into account the following:
Height ventilation pipe determine according to the same rules as the oven - the higher the better. Install a TsAGI deflector on its head to increase the upward air flow in the pipe due to the wind.
To ensure good traction during the period when the stove is not heated, you can install a low-power fan in the backlash channel and turn it on as necessary. A stylish ventilation grill with a fan in the bathroom will also serve as an interior decoration.
Air exchange calculation
Construction and sanitary standards strictly regulate the intensity of air exchange in the premises. In particular, the ventilation of bathrooms in public buildings must certainly be arranged according to the exhaust system and provide at least five air exchanges. This value shows that within an hour the air in the room should be completely updated five times.
For different types of premises, the standards are different, but there are some general recommendations.
The device of the ventilation system of the bathroom
It will be easiest for you to equip with your own hands the natural ventilation of a bathroom in a wooden house. To do this, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top of the walls of the room and equip them with gratings.
If natural ventilation is not enough, you will have to do forced ventilation in the bathroom of a wooden house. The air circulation in the system will be enhanced by the action of the fan, and odors and fumes will be removed through the network of ventilation ducts.
You can install a fan in the attic, and it will be common to the entire system. When installing it, observe the following safety measures:
- use only specialized fans with an increased fire protection class;
- place the air duct with the fan not on a wooden attic flooring, but on metal stands;
- for use in a wooden house, purchase air ducts only from non-combustible materials;
- If possible, the ventilation grill with a fan in your bathroom should be equipped with a fire damper.
In a small house, it is enough to put a fan right in the bathroom, at the air outlet to the ventilation duct. For convenience and energy savings, you can combine turning on the fan with lighting.
System health check
After installing the ventilation of the bathroom, it's time to check if it is functioning correctly. Light a match or candle and bring it close to the vent. With good draft, the flame will flutter and deviate towards the hole. The traction force should not decrease significantly even with the windows closed.
Following the recommendations, you will definitely be able to mount a bathroom ventilation system in a wooden house with your own hands! From now on, all the inhabitants of your home will be able to fully inhale the life-giving jets of fresh air.
When planning the design and renovation of the bathroom, one small but very important point should be taken into account - the problem of air exchange. good ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is necessary not only to ensure the flow of fresh air.
With the help of this system, unpleasant odors and excess moisture are removed from the bathroom. If the ventilation system is planned and implemented correctly, bathroom owners will not have to worry about mold and mildew.
The absence of normal ventilation and the excess humidity caused by this circumstance will create almost luxurious conditions for the development of harmful flora.
The building guides clearly indicate the norms that must be followed for effective ventilation of sanitary rooms with high humidity.
The system must supply fresh air to the bathroom or toilet at a rate of 25 cu. m / h, and for a combined unit twice as high - 50 cubic meters. m/hour. These standards are minimum.
Depending on the characteristics of air exchange, natural and forced ventilation are distinguished. In the first case, air exchange occurs due to the difference in air pressure outside and inside the room.
Air streams penetrate through windows, doors, special ventilators, etc. It should be noted right away that due to the peculiarities of the bathroom design, the use of natural ventilation does not always allow you to get the desired effect.
For ductless ventilation in the bathroom, it is necessary to make an opening that will connect the house ventilation duct with the bathroom
With forced or artificial ventilation of the room, special fans are used that provide sufficient air exchange.
Most often, the fan helps to move air from the room to the street, while fresh air masses enter the bathroom from the living quarters.
Sometimes small fan put in the toilet, even with good natural ventilation, to speed up the purification of air from unpleasant odors.
If it is not possible to organize a sufficiently intensive air exchange in a natural way, forced ventilation is carried out without fail.
Depending on the purpose, there are:
- exhaust;
- supply;
- mixed ventilation.
The exhaust principle has already been described a little above: the air is removed through the ventilation duct, and the new one comes from outside. Supply ventilation is organized differently: air is forced in from the outside and forced out through the channel.
When using mixed ventilation, both the air supply and its removal are regulated.
A beautiful decorative grille for the hood in the bathroom will not only hide the design, but can also become a spectacular detail of a stylish interior.
Specialists also distinguish between channel and channelless ventilation, which is characterized by the presence or absence of a ventilation channel.
If possible, the creation of special channels should be avoided. Usually, an opening is made in the wall that opens into a common ventilation duct. high-rise building and install a fan in it.
In a separate bathroom, if there is only one room with access to the ventilation duct, another fan is installed in the wall opening between the bathroom and the toilet.
The installation of a separate ventilation duct makes sense in places that need intensive removal of polluted or moisture-saturated air.
Diagnosis of ventilation status
Before you start altering the ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, you should carefully examine its device and check the condition. To begin with, the draft is examined: a sheet of paper, a lit match or a lighter are brought to the vent.
If the paper sticks to the hole, or if the flame is clearly moving towards the ventilation duct, there is a draft. On a hot windless day, the thrust can be significantly less than in other periods.
The presence of draft in itself does not always indicate the normal state of the ventilation system.
It is imperative to check the condition of the ventilation duct, which may be partially cluttered after inept repair work or for some other reason.
By removing obstacles, you can significantly improve the quality of the ventilation system.
To check the draft in the bathroom, a sheet of paper or a lighter flame is brought to the vent. Checking should be done when open door, and then - with the closed
If in the latter case the draft has noticeably decreased, you should think about additional means of micro-ventilation.
Most often, it is enough to install special grilles in the doors of the bathroom and toilet to ensure the normal supply of fresh air to these rooms even when closed doors and windows.
What you need to know about fans
When buying a fan, be sure to evaluate the amount of noise that it produces. The indicator should not exceed 35 dB. In the bathroom, such equipment should completely update the composition of the air about 5-8 times within one hour.
Exhaust fans intended for use in bathrooms may have different design and design, in addition, they differ in power
According to the type of installation, domestic duct fans are distinguished, designed for installation directly in the ventilation duct, as well as radial models.
They are installed at the outlet of the ventilation duct. Usually channel models look unpresentable because they are hidden inside the channel, but radial devices are provided with a beautiful case so as not to spoil the overall impression of the environment.
The design of fans can also vary significantly:
- traditional axial models move air along the axis of the device using special blades and are designed for ductless systems;
- in low-performance diametrical models, a drum-type wheel is used;
- centrifugal devices with a volute casing are distinguished high performance and increased noise level during operation;
- small centrifugal-axial devices are less noisy, but work almost as efficiently as centrifugal models.
Taking into account the specifics of bathroom ventilation, fans are sometimes additionally equipped with timers that allow you to extend the operation of the device in the toilet or gyrostats to more effectively remove excess moisture from the bathroom.
Fans that are weak in power will not be able to provide normal ventilation of the room, however, you should not use too powerful models.
Strong centrifugal fan can cause such an intense air flow that the inflow will not come from outside, but from other ventilation openings, and the exhaust air will again be in the house.
Interesting information about installing an exhaust fan in the bathroom is presented in the following video:
Features of ventilation installation
If for some reason there is no ventilation in the bathroom, create necessary system it's not that hard.
Apartment buildings are usually designed in such a way that the ventilation duct is located directly behind the wall of the bathroom or toilet. It remains only to carefully make a hole in the right place (if there is none) so that it goes into this channel.
A radial axial fan is installed inside the opening. The device is connected to the power supply, observing all the requirements for the operation of electrical appliances in rooms with high humidity.
If necessary, mount additional controls (timer, gyroscope, etc.). The niche is closed with a beautiful decorative lattice.
If the apartment has a separate bathroom, and the ventilation duct is located outside the walls of both rooms, the second fan is installed in the same way as described above.
Otherwise, a vent is made in the wall separating the toilet and bathroom. A fan is also placed in this opening and closed decorative screens from two sides.
Sometimes it is more convenient to use decorative grilles, in which the design provides for mounting the fan in special slots.
The figure clearly shows the connection diagram of the exhaust fan to the power supply using an timer, which allows you to turn off the fan some time after the visitor leaves the bathroom
It is somewhat more difficult to solve the problem of ventilating a bathroom when the ventilation duct borders on another room. In this case, you will have to create duct ventilation.
First you need to choose a location for the device air vent in the bathroom and toilet. Then it is necessary to draw up a plan for the placement of the ventilation duct, along which the air masses will move out.
When creating duct ventilation in the bathroom, a flexible corrugated box is used only in small areas where the installation of other structures is impossible or difficult
There are the following types of ventilation ducts:
- plastic round or rectangular section;
- hard or soft corrugated metal;
- metal, tin or galvanized, usually rectangular.
Plastic boxes are easier to install and lighter in weight than metal constructions while they are durable and easy to care for.
Therefore, plastic structures are confidently replacing metal from the construction market. Corrugated products are used extremely rarely, they are valid only for short distances and are used only in particularly difficult cases.
After the installation of the ventilation system is completed, it is necessary to check the operation of the equipment.
To create duct ventilation in the bathroom, metal or plastic boxes of rectangular or round cross section should be used.
Common mistakes when installing ventilation
It happens that the operation of a brand new ventilation system suddenly turns out to be unsatisfactory or is initially ineffective.
This may be due to one or more errors made during its installation. When figuring out how to properly ventilate the bathroom, you should immediately take into account these points.
Here are some of the most common mistakes:
- The ventilation duct is designed incorrectly, which makes it difficult for the movement of air masses.
- The tightness of the ventilation duct connections is broken.
- The fans are installed incorrectly and make too much noise.
- The channel passes through the living quarters in such a way that the ventilation noise interferes with the normal life of the family.
First you need to find out the cause of the problem, then fix it. A number of troubles can be avoided by paying attention to these points at the design stage of the ventilation system.
If this was not done, and problems appeared already during the operation of the structure, a serious alteration of the entire ventilation system may be required.
An alternative troubleshooting option is to use noise absorbers. different type to reduce unpleasant sound effects.
To improve the process of moving air masses, you may have to install a more powerful fan.
Sometimes excessive noise during fan operation indicates its incorrect installation, in which the so-called “alignment” was violated. In this case, it is enough to remove the device and install it again with strict adherence to the installation technology.
Usually, after this, the amount of noise from the operation of the fan is significantly reduced.
The supply type of ventilation in bathrooms is extremely rarely used, but if such a decision is nevertheless made, you should think about the temperature of the air entering from the outside.
In winter, the cold air flow can be extremely uncomfortable for bathroom visitors.
To solve this type of problem, the air entering the room is heated using special electrical appliances.
To ensure enough fresh air enters the bathroom, a beautiful grille is installed at the bottom of the door, which makes the room less airtight.
There are several common misconceptions that can negatively affect ventilation work. When designing and installing the system, remember that:
- an exhaust fan is not enough if a normal supply of fresh air is not provided to the room;
- big and bulky channel system ventilation is not always more effective than low-budget ventilation methods if they are chosen correctly;
- the presence of an air conditioner in the house, as well as a cleaner, ionizer, humidifier and others similar devices does not provide normal ventilation of the premises, since with their help fresh air does not enter the rooms.
Usually the design of the ventilation system for the bathroom is very simple, you can do it yourself.
But if some calculations or the implementation of a complex-shaped ventilation duct are required, and the novice master does not have experience in such work, it is better to consult professionals or completely entrust them with all the work.
The quality of ventilation cannot be neglected, since the health of the residents of the house depends on its condition.
High-quality ventilation in the premises is probably one of the most important points that should be discussed in preparation for the repair. A bathroom in an apartment is a delicate place both in its purpose and in its functionality.
High-quality ventilation of the bathroom and toilet will provide a comfortable microclimate throughout the apartment, since the exhaust ventilation duct is located either in the combined bathroom or in the toilet. Faulty ventilation in the toilet and bathroom can harm not only fresh repairs and finishing materials, but also your health.
Types of bathroom ventilation
There are three types of ventilation in an apartment according to its purpose:
- exhaust(carries out the exhaust air through the ventilation shaft);
- supply(provides fresh air from the street to the room);
- mixed(organizes the movement of air in the room due to the exhaust and supply type).
As a rule, in the bathroom they organize only exhaust ventilation. Air flow is easiest to organize in living rooms.
By design ventilation in the bathroom is divided into channelless and ducted. Ventilation of the first type occurs due to a hole in the wall through which the exhaust air enters the common ventilation duct of a residential multi-apartment building. Duct ventilation is a complex of ventilation equipment, most often in the form of pipes stretching under the ceiling. Suitable for maintenance of large premises: office buildings, shopping malls, etc.
By organization system air circulation in the bathroom ventilation is natural and forced.
At natural(or gravitational) ventilation system, fresh air is supplied through windows and doorways, and the ventilation efficiency depends on the difference in temperature and pressure in the street and in the room - than more difference the better the air exchange. Simply put, fresh air enters the apartment through the window, and exits through the exhaust ventilation duct.
However, natural ventilation in the bathroom does not always cope with its task.
Here are a few reasons why the apartment is not ventilated:
- accumulation of debris in the ventilation duct;
- tightly closed windows and interior doors.
Checking the tightness of the doors in the bathroom is simple - there should be a gap under the door through which the newspaper will pass. If the presence of cracks does not suit you, put a door with a ventilation grill.
Blocking the movement of air masses leads to increased humidity - a favorable environment for the active life of bacteria that can cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems. Moist air in the bathroom also contributes to the formation of mold and fungal stains. Finishing materials will begin to collapse, pipes will rust, the service life of furniture in the bathroom and plumbing will be significantly reduced, the strength of the supporting structures of the house will decrease. All this is fraught with the cost of another repair.
The toilet in the apartment also needs high-quality ventilation so that unpleasant odors do not stagnate and do not cause discomfort to your household and guests.
Diagnosis of ventilation status
To check the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, you must:
- open a window in any nearby room and a door to the bathroom;
- attach a piece of paper or a napkin to the opening of the ventilation shaft.
The air flow, which is not hindered by anything, should draw a sheet of paper to the duct grate. If this does not happen or the sheet is weak, then the natural ventilation system is broken.
Here are a few more factors that will help you understand that the ventilation is faulty:
- the mirror fogs up a lot after taking a bath or shower;
- heavy, humid air is felt;
- moisture accumulates on walls and furniture;
- appeared or other types of mold;
- bad odors don't go away.
You might think that it is enough to clean the channels of natural ventilation and it will become much easier to breathe, unpleasant odors will go away, and dampness in the bathroom and toilet will stop spoiling your expensive finishes and plumbing. However, this is not always enough.
A common myth from the world of room ventilation - natural exhaust is productive all year round. Even if you don't watch on the walls and mirror surfaces do not fog up, it should be understood that the natural ventilation hood works when the air temperature outside the window is significantly lower than the temperature readings inside the room. The rest of the time it doesn't work.
The principle of operation of the gravitational (natural) ventilation system is the difference in air density. The warm air is displaced by the cold stream, as it is lighter, and is discharged through the exhaust ducts. This means that it will be possible to get rid of dampness in the bathroom only in the cold season, provided that the window is open (or in the ventilation mode), which is not always suitable for our frosty winters. Moreover, you will have to keep the doors open both in the bathroom and in the toilet.
Therefore, forced ventilation of the bathroom will come to your aid here.
Forced ventilation
Forced ventilation of the bathroom and toilet is a reasonable alternative to the classic one. This method of ventilation involves the installation of a fan that will purify the air from unpleasant odors, including foreign odors from neighboring apartments, the entrance and the street.
Types of exhaust fans
Household fans that you can install in your bathroom include:
- channel;
- wall.
The wall fan is fixed at the inlet of the exhaust opening, the duct fan is fixed inside the air duct. Both types will ensure the removal of stale air and high-quality circulation.
According to the type of design, fans are divided into:
- Axial(aka axial). Advanced view. Available in price and installation. The case of an axial fan has the shape of a cylinder, inside there is a wheel with blades, most often with a check valve. Rotating, the blades "capture" the air and take it out of the room. The device is mounted at the entrance to the ventilation duct.
- Radial. A radial fan consists of a motor, a spinning wheel with blades, and is enclosed in a metal casing. It has a spiral shape, visually resembles a "snail".
The fan may have the following set of devices and functions:
- timer,
- humidity and motion sensors,
- operation from a light switch,
- separate switch.
The first two options are quite expensive and have their inconveniences when using. The motion sensor is most often mounted on the door, which requires additional investment and time. Minus the fan with a timer - if you linger in the toilet, the fan will stop working earlier than you expected. The motion sensor is inconvenient because under similar conditions (not enough time) you have to open the door slightly for the sensor to work. This can put you in an awkward position, especially if you have guests in your apartment.
Basic requirements for the organization of forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
To choose a suitable fan, you must first familiarize yourself with the requirements of SNiP (Building Norms and Rules) in sections SP 60.13330.2012 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" (updated version of SNiP 41-01-2003) and SP 54.13330.2016 "Residential buildings apartment buildings” (updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003). According to the standards of these sections, the volume of exhaust air in sanitary premises should be 25 m 3 / h.
Concerning noise level, modern fans are distinguished by their low noise. In individual cases, noise-absorbing materials can be used by installing them inside the duct directly before the fan installation. You can also buy almost silent fan, but here you have to spend.
Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
Even with ready-made air ducts, it is better to entrust the installation of the fan to specialists.
- The higher the hood is located in the room, the better: warm air is displaced by cool fresh air rises.
- When organizing the ventilation of a bathroom in a private house, please note that the fan should be located opposite the source of fresh air (opposite the door or in the opposite corner) and further from the water source.
- Before starting installation, clean the ventilation duct with a brush. If the ventilation shaft is littered with large debris, call a specialist from the housing office to clean the ventilation ducts.
- If the bathroom is separate, a fan should also be installed in the ventilation box in the toilet (bathroom), but provided that there is no ventilation window between the bathroom and the toilet.
One of the main functions of the window between the bathroom and the toilet is natural ventilation. Such windows were popular in "Khrushchev".
The fan is mounted in the hole of the hood, fixing the structure with self-tapping screws, dowels or building glue. If necessary, the exhaust opening can be expanded to a suitable diameter. Connect all the wires and hide them in a special box to protect against moisture.
When connecting the fan to the lighting system, you should study the instructions in detail, turn off the electricity in the apartment, and only after that start installing the equipment.
A forced fan in your bathroom and toilet will keep the air clean and extend the life of your furniture and fixtures. Do not forget to maintain the fan by dusting the device periodically, washing the plastic parts once a year and lubricating the mechanism motor.
