Among the most important indicators are traditionally called temperature and humidity level, forgetting about another fundamental indicator - air exchange. This is very reckless, because even if you carefully insulate the room and achieve comfortable humidity, staying in a steam room with stale air will not only be uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If you want to avoid such a fate, take care of the ventilation in the steam room in advance. You can even equip such a system with your own hands - let's take a closer look at how to do it right.
Before proceeding to a description of the features of the direct technological process, to begin with, let's clarify why ventilation is generally necessary in the bath in the steam room. It is no secret that many skeptics consider its arrangement only an unjustified waste of time and money, but this is far from the case - the lack of a ventilation system can lead to at least three sharply negative consequences.
Types of ventilation systems for the steam room
Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be of three types:
- natural;
- mechanical;
- combined.
The natural system assumes that air circulation is provided by the difference in pressure and temperature levels in the steam room and on the street. The principle of operation here is simple: first, hot air rises into the upper zone of the steam room, and then leaves through the exhaust hole to the street, thereby discharging the atmosphere in the bath - this creates the conditions for drawing in new air through the supply hole. The advantage of such ventilation is minimal financial costs. But here one nuance must be taken into account: with insufficient insulation of the structure, the natural air duct will be an obstacle to high-quality heating of the bath.
Steam room ventilation scheme Mechanical ventilation operates by means of special devices that control the exit of exhaust air and the supply of new air flows into the steam room. As a rule, such devices are different kind fans. The advantage of the mechanical system is that ventilation equipment can be installed in almost any area of the room.
Advice. Classic is not suitable for a bath duct fan, since it will not endure the harsh conditions of the steam room - it is better to use special models made of glass-filled polyamide that can withstand high temperatures - up to 130 degrees.
Combined ventilation combines elements of both natural and mechanical systems. It functions in this way: mechanical devices are responsible for extracting the exhaust air, and fresh air enters through a separate supply opening.
Ventilation schemes
There are at least five working ventilation schemes that can be used in a steam room - choose a specific option based on them. design features your Russian bath.
- The supply opening is behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the heater, and the exhaust opening is opposite, at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The air is removed forcibly - this is provided by a fan built into the lower opening.
- The supply opening is behind the heater at a distance of 30 cm from the floor base, the exhaust opening is at a distance of 20 cm from the floor on the opposite wall. The air is forced out - with the help of a fan. The main feature of the scheme is a very high rate of heating of fresh air.
Bath ventilation systems - Both openings - both flow and exhaust - are placed on one side directly opposite the stove, but at different levels: the first is at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the second is 20 cm from the ceiling. The system operates using a fan, which is mounted in the exhaust opening.
Advice. Such a scheme is suitable for baths with an internal placement of a steam room - when the room has only one external side.
- The supply hole is behind the stove at a height of 20 cm from the base of the floor. There is no exhaust opening - instead, a special leaking floor is provided: the exhaust air masses pass through its slots to ventilation pipe. This system ensures that additional function– operational drying of the floor.
- The supply opening is opposite the stove at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The role of the exhaust hole is assigned to the blower. Such a scheme is suitable only for those baths where the heater operates continuously.
General rules for organizing ventilation in the steam room
Whichever version of the ventilation system you choose, you need to equip it according to certain rules.
Firstly, it is desirable to make all holes for ventilation even at the stage of building a bath, since punching channels in an already finished structure is a very difficult process. Perfect option- decide on suitable scheme during the design of the Russian bath, in order to make all the necessary changes to the work plan in a timely manner.
Secondly, the dimensions of the exhaust opening should be approximately the same as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the "output" should not be less than the "input", otherwise it will not be possible to ensure a full outflow of exhaust air from the steam room. And in order to speed up this process, it is allowed to increase the dimensions of the exhaust opening and even equip two “exits” in one room.
Make a valve to block the air flow in the cold season Thirdly, in order to regulate the airflow of the steam room, all ventilation openings must be equipped with special shutters or shutters. They will come in handy in several situations: when heating the steam room, when the vents will need to be covered to quickly raise the temperature to the required level, as well as in the frosty season, when cold air will actively seek in a warm room.
Fourthly, the cross section of the ventilation hole should be related to the area of the steam room in the proportion: 1 cu. m area - 24 cm section. If the holes are small, the air in the room will not be able to quickly update.
Of course, organizing ventilation in the bath with your own hands is not an easy task. But it is fundamentally necessary: without air exchange, you can forget about the comfort, safety and durability of the steam room. Now you know the main rules and subtleties of this work - if you stick to them, you will definitely be able to make a high-quality ventilation system even without professional help.
Ventilation in the bath: video
There is already a large review material on our website, so now it’s worth talking separately about the hood in the bath: how it works, how it works and how to make it yourself.
Hood in the bath: depending on which bath
Baths are built from the most different materials, each of which has its own characteristics. This also affects the ventilation systems, which have their own characteristics in each case. We will talk about their differences in terms of organization below.
Extractor in the sauna
A sauna or a Finnish bath differs from a Russian one in a small amount of steam (this is practically a dry bath) and a high temperature (which can reach up to 130 degrees!). During your stay in the sauna, there is a clear rule regarding ventilation: the air must be changed at least 6-8 times per hour. And this requires good controllability of air flows, replacing exhaust air with fresh air less than every 10 minutes.
Ideal option for a sauna, (convection type). Let us briefly repeat that it operates on the principle of an “inverted glass”:
- ventilation box, standing diagonally from the oven, takes in ambient air;
- brings it out through the roof (wall);
- below, next to the stove, there is an inlet through which fresh air enters;
- oven heats up oxygenated air, it rises and is distributed throughout the sauna.
Flow regulation is carried out with the help of dampers that regulate the openness of the box and the inlet. An important point in this case is the constant operation of the furnace, because it is it that performs the function of a “pump”.
And even if the hood in the sauna is done according to a different scheme, the task will remain the same:
- controlled frequent air exchange;
- good warming up incoming fresh air;
- impermissibility fast air currents (more than 0.3 m / s), i.e. drafts.
In a log cabin
The log house was invented long before the laws of physics on which natural ventilation is based took shape. Nevertheless, the builders of log baths actively used these laws so that the owners of the bath would not suffocate in the process of soaring, and the bath would stand for decades due to it. (Of course, the hood in the log cabin will not save her from a fire, but from rot - it may well.) In the log house, the air flow was provided by the lower rims, which were intentionally laid freely, that is, they had slots through which fresh air was “stretched”. In addition, the door to the steam room below did not fit snugly against the floor.
Depending on how exactly the bath from the log house was heated - “in black” or “in white” - it also depended on where the exhaust air went.
- In a heated "black" bathhouse, the stove does not work during the soaring process, so an open window or door was used for outflow.
- In the melted "white" bath, the outflow was carried out through the chimney. The oven was working.
In principle, nothing prevents organizing the ventilation of the log house in the traditional way today. But it is necessary to decide quickly, even at the construction stage. Because more modern solution should be included in the project. Alternatively, you can punch holes (supply and exhaust) directly onto the street and supply them with plugs or dampers. One is next to the stove blower, the second is above the upper shelf on the adjacent or opposite side. Or make two exhaust holes - one above, the other below the top shelf. Another option is to make blinds at the bottom of the steam room door, and an exhaust hole under the ceiling of the shower room.
IMPORTANT! If there is no desire to make an exit to the street, you can lay air ducts, but then you will have to install a forced ventilation system instead of a natural one.
In a foam block bath
A foam block bath is no exception to the rule that you need to think about ventilation when designing a bath. It's easier than hitting ready-made walls. To provide a bath of cellular concrete with sufficient air circulation, which will save the building from excess moisture, it is necessary at the time of pouring the foundation formwork to lay pipe trimmings, which will then become air vents.
For a bath that is not located in a lowland and is not surrounded on all sides by buildings, two air ducts on opposite sides are enough, otherwise they are made 4. Do not forget about the ventilation gaps between the walls and the insulation.
The roof must also be ventilated, receiving inflow from the roof overhangs and giving air through the raised ridge. In the premises, supply and exhaust openings are made according to one of the standard schemes.
In case of insufficiency natural ventilation it is recommended to install fans on the hood from the foam block bath.
Extract for a bath: in which department?
Leaving aside the issues of ventilation of walls, foundations and roofs already discussed in other articles, there are rooms - a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room and a rest room - where you need to organize air circulation. At the same time, there are certain standards regarding ventilation in each of them and the specifics of the manufacture of the hood. But first things first.
Extractor in the steam room
For those who soar, the extract in the steam room of the bath is a guarantee that they will come out of there alive and healthy.
IMPORTANT! You can not leave the steam room without ventilation holes at all, this is a big risk of getting black or losing consciousness and suffocating with carbon dioxide. Can't just make one hole- so the ventilation does not work.
The method of ventilation of the steam room can be natural (due to the laws of physics) or forced (due to fans). Openings can lead to the street, to air ducts and to neighboring rooms. On the ventilation openings, either blinds or dampers are placed. Air inflow can be organized through the bottom of the steam room door, spaced 3 cm from the floor or with blinds at the bottom of the door leaf.
With your own hands you will have to make only a box. Everything else (corrugation, valves, gate valves, dampers) is on sale. Fans (if needed) vary in diameter and power. For automatic control forced ventilation, you can use a relay. Holes in the wall are either left during construction, or they make their way in an already built bath.
Useful video
See how the craftsmen made a box for extracting ventilation from the boards:
In the washing
According to the already mentioned standards, the air circulation in the washing room per hour should be a multiple of 8 room volumes for supply ventilation and 9 - for the hood. It means:
- that the dimensions of the exhaust opening will be more inlet;
- or exhaust will be two on one supply;
- or put on the hood fan.
In any case, this is an intensive air exchange, which is intended primarily for quickly draining the car wash. During the washing process, it is not required, so it is regulated by dampers.
By the way, air inlets can be made in the dressing room or rest room, and exhaust holes in the washing room. This will allow you to ventilate two rooms at once. Similarly, the hood is done in the bathroom, and forced to create low pressure. Then the air will be drawn from the neighboring rooms and leave through the forced exhaust. Thus, the rooms are connected through holes, which on the one hand will be supply, and on the other - exhaust.
Components of the hood in washing bath do not differ from those used in the steam room.
How to make an extract in the bath
This has been said many times before, but it's worth repeating: the cost of arranging ventilation will increase many times if it is done late after completion of construction. At the same time, the principle of creating ventilation in the bath remains unchanged: it is necessary to create conditions for the inflow and outflow of air from the premises. So, how to make a hood in the bath with your own hands or the hands of professionals.
Hood in the bath: scheme
There are many schemes, but any one is suitable for understanding the principle of ventilation. Most often, ventilation schemes for the steam room are offered, but the scheme for the entire bath, with explanations, is of much greater interest.
Look at the sketch. It shows that ventilation is carried out in the washing room, steam room and rest room. Moreover, the air flow is carried out from one pipe to two points, one of which is located in the steam room, and the second - in the rest room. The hood is located in the washing room, and in the steam room, and in the rest room. Let's describe all the ventilation devices in each room:
- washing- a window made of metal-plastic, an adjustable hood that takes air through a diffuser located on the ceiling. From there, the air escapes through a pipe to the roof.
- steam room- an insulated window located below the shelf, an adjustable hood, which is a vertical box, the intake hole of which is 150 cm² located below the shelf, and the exit from the pipe to the street is near the ceiling. One of the channels of regulated inflow near the stove, cross-sectional area 150 cm².
- Restroom- adjustable hood, which is a box with a cross section of 150 cm², the height of the intake hole is 30-40 cm from the floor, exit through the pipe to the street near the ceiling. Regulated inflow through the second channel with an exit near a furnace fire chamber.
DIY: how to do it right
Do-it-yourself exhaust in the bath is not something that cannot be done, but you need to approach the matter prudently and slowly. In order to independently make the hood, you need to prepare materials according to it. It is also necessary to calculate the cross section of the ventilation pipes.
IMPORTANT! The inflow volume must be equal to or less than the exhaust volume.
To do this, you need to know the volume of the room and the multiplicity factor (how many times the air should be updated per hour) - it is in the regulations. In the main air ducts, the speed of movement should not exceed 5 m / s, in the branches - 3 m / s, in the steam room - 2 m / s, natural ventilation - up to 1 m / s. Further in the table we find the value of the pipe section, which most closely gives the desired volume at a given speed.
Knowing the cross section, it remains to prepare a corrugation or pipes of the appropriate diameter, which at one end are mounted indoors at the desired height according to the scheme, and with the other they go outside. Self-tapping screws, metal tape and polyurethane foam are used for fastening. The openings are supplied with shutters in the room, gratings at the exit. By the way, ventilation should be cleaned once a year..
Useful video
Watch a short video showing ventilation in one bath:
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Well, now you know exactly how to properly draw a hood in the bath in order to save yourself, your household and guests from suffocation in the bath. It remains only to correctly apply the information received.
In contact with
Bath procedures are not only one of good ways maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins. However, in order for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is needed to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bath, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and fumes resulting from the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.
Read in the article
Do you really need ventilation in the bath or can you do without it?
The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should contribute to quite quick removal from the premises of humid air and qualitatively regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuels - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an influx of an impressive amount of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, which adversely affects the health of people and which can lead to loss of consciousness.
Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully isolate the premises, sealing up the slightest gaps to increase the speed of heating the steam room and keep the heat longer. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be mandatory. Properly arranged allows you to:
- create a healthy microclimate in the bath;
- reduce the concentration of humidity and quickly drain the premises;
- get rid of carbon dioxide;
- quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
- eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
- get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
- keep in original form interior decoration premises.
From the foregoing, it becomes clear how important the device is in the exhaust system bath. Before you make ventilation in the bath, you must first learn about its varieties and basic installation schemes.
Effective ventilation in the bath - scheme and device
Before you further deal with the exhaust system and proceed with its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural and forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their schemes depending on the location. Well, now about everything in order.
natural ventilation
This option is optimal for most baths, as it is the cheapest and quite effective. The location of the ventilation openings must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the sauna is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in the baths, there is one general rule - the inlet should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust at the same distance, but from the ceiling.
The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too fast, which will cause a decrease in the temperature in the steam room, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control dampers. For improvement appearance it is advisable to mount decorative grilles on the vents, which can be easily bought in specialized stores or made by hand.
However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlet and outlet) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air streams are heated from the furnace and rise up, while the cooled air flows down and enter the exhaust vents. To keep the heat in the room, the openings can be closed with special dampers.
Forced ventilation
Air movement mechanically carried out by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly update the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where the sauna is equipped with a forced scheme Extracts in the bath have a number of advantages over the natural one:
- it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
- maintaining a given microclimate;
- even distribution of heated air.
For large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings are located diametrically to each other. During installation, it is not necessary to place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level in order to exclude the closure of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.
Important! Because the high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, then the fan housing must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.
Advantage of ventilation forced type consists of accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. Such an exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.
The device in the baths of floor ventilation
The floors in the bath rooms are operated in extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor is carried out both from below from the side of the soil, and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with wooden coating floor, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates into and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.
An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the damaging effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be natural or forced. However, for efficiency when installing a ventilation system, the following conditions must be observed:
- prevent floor cooling during the adoption of procedures;
- ensure fast and efficient drying, but it is important not to overdo it in order to prevent cracking of the wood;
- the arrangement of the ventilation system is required to be carried out at the construction stage.
When arranging ventilation vents, one must take into account the climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and location of the heater, construction doorways, presence and window vents. Most often, vents for ventilation are located at 3 different levels:
- under flooring or in ;
- under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
- in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).
The device in the ventilation baths under the floors has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensate and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not form drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used in the process of taking bath procedures. For greater efficiency it is important to create well drain system to remove drains outside the building.
Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bath
The creation of an exhaust system in the bath is extremely necessary, as it not only helps to prevent the formation of mold, but also to protect the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bath ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of water bodies, which often cause buildings to flood.
It is possible to ensure normal air circulation by arranging several holes, the number and size of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. In the event that the building is located in a lowland, densely surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be arranged on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.
The ventilation system in the baths in the steam rooms
Traditionally, a stove-heater is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures its good circulation. To obtain the maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the process of ventilation of the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or front door. The disadvantage of such a ventilation scheme in the steam rooms of the baths is that when there is no combustion process, the air circulation stops.
In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is also a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
When the furnace is being heated and the room is being heated, the ventilation in the steam room must be closed. After the steam room is fully warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To exclude the formation of reverse thrust, it is necessary at the stage to make sure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.
In the event that the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. an inlet is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is arranged on the opposite wall from it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated from the heater and the room cools moderately. On the wall opposite from the heating device, 2 holes are made that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.
Air exchange device in the washing
In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. Wash room a large number of moisture accumulates under the floor, therefore, to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is under the floor covering, and the other is brought out to the roof and equipped with a deflector.
The creation of effective controlled ventilation in the sinks of the baths will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air supply, carbon monoxide and fuel economy.
Scheme of ventilation in the dressing rooms
The neighborhood of the dressing room with the steam room leads to the fact that on wooden surfaces condensate settles. To preserve the cladding and prevent decay processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. Most simple circuit ventilation for the dressing room consists in the removal of moist air through the washing or. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.
How to properly ventilate the bath
Having more or less dealt with the ventilation system in the bath, you must also take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:
- cause a violation of the temperature regime in the premises;
- allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
- remove fresh air from the room.
The principles by which it is created in the bath proper ventilation premises, depend on architectural features building structures. In the event that special slots are provided in the floors for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.
Often they make small windows, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the furnace of the heater is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.
Features of air exchange in frame baths
If in or air circulation is carried out through the rows of lower rims, then in buildings frame type sheathed in a large number thermal insulation material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.
The most efficient system for a bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is arranged at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. ventilation openings in frame baths must be equipped with special control valves.
When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.
Chopped bath ventilation
In a Russian bath, where steam was traditionally prepared by hand, schemes do not fit forced circulation air. To in wooden baths natural ventilation contributed to recovery, when creating it, the following schemes should be followed:
- ensure the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, door and ventilation openings);
- the upper borders of doors and windows should be at the same level;
- for couples small size simple ventilation is sufficient;
- a heater with a chimney is a natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
- for normal air exchange, it is possible to equip a ventilation supply opening with a damper and an exhaust opening under the ceiling next to the heater.
The device of good ventilation in a log cabin bath is a very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excessive moisture, which negatively affects wooden structure and can lead to the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.
Ventilation system in a brick building
You should think about the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths even at the construction stage. Since a brick building does not provide for natural air circulation, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.
The air exchange system in a natural way is identical to that in a Russian bath - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bath is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.
The fan must be installed at the inlet of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are mounted, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. Too much powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and a device in terms of power that does not correspond to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be rather weak.
Ventilation Bastu
IN Lately to create ventilation systems are new and more effective solutions. Such innovations include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bath. Among Russians, this system is very popular because of the ease of installation and high efficiency.
The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The red-hot heater plays the role heat pump and draws air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-floor air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.
For the device of such ventilation, two stainless pipes are required - the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both outlets must be equipped with damper grilles. However, like all natural-type ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or when there is strong wind outside.
The main advantage of the Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.
Competent ventilation device in the bath
Normal ventilation can be only if the conditions for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air are created in the room. Despite the common concepts - ventilation is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The principles of operation of ventilation for any premises are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is removed through the exhaust.
When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange within an hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account climatic zones and weather conditions specific to the area. In the event that natural-type ventilation is not able to provide the necessary air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.
Where to place a window in the bath?
Windows in the bath are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is an erroneous opinion that the window in the steam room adversely affects the safety of steam in the room and the temperature. However, experienced attendants are advised to make even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turned out to be too hot or someone felt unwell, then just open the window and everything will be in order. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to quickly dry the sun loungers. It is made small and opaque.
Important! According to safety regulations, sauna windows should open inward.
It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that a medium-sized adult can climb through it. Some bath owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If in the washing room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows in the steam room, it is best to use wood that is not resinous. You can easily install a window in a bath with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.
A grate made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the premises. A corrugated hose or a galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing in a steam room plastic pipes because they are not designed to operate at high temperatures.
It is advisable to install the fan only on one, for example, on the supply air. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will more clearly show the process (a bladeless version is presented):
ventilation valves
The ventilation valve for the bath is mounted in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two varieties this device– KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and the principle of their work is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined shutters to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.
When installing valves, you should follow a few recommendations:
- for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
- installation must be done on load-bearing walls baths;
- it is not advisable to mount the valves on the walls facing the or trash can.
Article
Why is ventilation needed in a Russian bath? Let's take a simple example: a person is steaming, there is hot steam around him and he breathes it. Oxygen is exhaled and carbon dioxide is constantly inhaled - and if there is no influx of fresh air in such an environment, the vacationer can simply burn out. That is, if there is no ventilation, the bath becomes simply life-threatening, which is why there are so many subtleties in the technical rules for the operation of the bath. Yes, sometimes you can hear from experienced craftsmen that ventilation in brick bath, for example, is not needed - but this is not about the fact that fresh air is not needed in the steam room, but that sometimes natural ventilation is enough in the bathhouse, and she does not need forced ventilation.
General rules for planning bath ventilation
The ventilation system in the bath itself has two main tasks: to deliver fresh air during procedures and to ensure fast and high-quality drying. bath rooms after them. And both options should be thought out and implemented.
And here is what ventilation should not do:
- Violate with fresh air temperature regime baths.
- It is wrong to stratify temperature flows - i.e. it can be cool only near the floor, but not on the shelf where a steamed person sits.
- To remove from the steam room the wrong air - not exhausted, in which there is the most carbon dioxide.
Also, the lack of fresh air will invariably lead to the appearance in the bath bad smell- and it's hard to get rid of it. Yes, the air filled with mold and fungus spores is not the most healing for a resting person.
In total, ventilation in the bath is provided by the following types:
- Natural, when the entire air flow occurs due to the pressure difference between the street and the room.
- Mechanical - when both the temperature and the air supply are monitored by devices.
- Combined when pressure is artificially created using a fan.
And in the bath itself, not only inflow is needed, but also outflow - and this is already done with the help of a box, which is always located diagonally from the supply channel.
Ventilation is vital not only in a stuffy steam room - but also in the shower room, in the locker room and even in the rest room. Just initially you need to decide which of its types is suitable for a particular bath.
The floors in the bath should also be ventilated - because they are constantly in contact with water, which can lead to their destruction. If this is not done, they will have to be changed at least once every 5 years. Therefore, in order to extend their service life, it is important to do the following:
- Initially, even during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to ensure the ventilation of the floors - to make small vents on opposite sides of the basement.
- It is necessary to leave two more ventilation holes near the opposite walls of the steam room - for fresh air. And so that a rodent does not accidentally enter the bath, these windows are usually closed with bars.
- During the installation of the furnace, it is important to make sure that the level of the finished floor is slightly higher than the blower - then it will work as a hood.
- Boards should be laid so that there are gaps between them from 0.5 to 1 cm.
- At the end of the bath procedures, the floors must be dried well - every time.
You can also make ventilation “according to Bast” in the bathhouse: arrange an influx of fresh air under the stove, and exhaust from the ceiling directly opposite the door in the corner. For this, a special exhaust box is used - it can be made from a board and sheathed inside with foil
Correct direction of air flow
Under the floor, the veterinary canal must be made directly right at sheet metal- It is he who protects the floors from fire. And the size of the box itself should not exceed the diameter of the chimney by 20%. In general, such a system is good - it is easy to regulate the flow of fresh air from the street, but the unpleasant smell no longer penetrates into the steam room.
If the firebox is located directly in the steam room, then this option is the most rational. Of course, the design turns out to be more complicated - after all, two boxes already need to be installed in it: one to ensure the convection of air masses, the second - to burn firewood. And the channels themselves can be placed directly in the brick podium - if the furnace is installed.
5 popular device schemes to choose from
But the ventilation in the steam room should be thought out especially carefully - otherwise there will be no comfort from pleasant procedures. And you can provide it in different ways:
Option number 1. The inlet is located behind the stove, half a meter from the floor, while the outlet is on the opposite side, at a height of 30 cm. A fan is installed in it for forced air movement. In this option, the air warms up evenly - cool streams heat up from the furnace and go up, where they cool down and go down. There they are already brought out through the exhaust hole. And the lower it is, the stronger the air flow will be.
Option number 2. Both vents are on the same wall - opposite the stove. But the input is at the bottom, 30 cm from the floor, and the output is at the top, 30 cm from the ceiling. Here, a fan is also placed in the outlet. But the flow pattern is somewhat different: cold air enters the steam room, hits the stove, heats up and rushes up - into the hood and out.
Option number 3. In this method, the inlet is behind the stove, at a height of 20 cm from the floor, and the outlet is at the same height, but on the opposite side. And here, too, a fan is placed. The whole system is quite simple: cold air enters the steam room, passes through the stove and is pulled out with the help of a fan.
Option number 4. This option is ideal for a steam room with floors where there are gaps for water to flow out. The inlet behind the stove at a height of 30 cm from the floor, the air that has cooled down, goes down and penetrates through the floor, and then through the ventilation pipe is discharged into the street.
Option number 5. This method is for those baths where the stove is constantly working. The inlet is opposite the stove, 30 cm from the floor, and the chimney and the firebox with a blower act as an exhaust hood.
If you need to raise the temperature in the steam room or increase the amount or saturation of steam, then it will be enough to close the inlets with plugs. And after the end of the procedures - remove the plugs. And it's easier than pressing the buttons on some remote control to a complex and expensive ventilation system. This is how the ventilation of the bath is done with your own hands - nothing complicated!
Why do we need a ventilation system in a Russian bath? Here's a simple explanation: inside you are surrounded by hot steamy air. When breathing, a person consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Therefore, in the absence of normal ventilation, you can simply suffocate from a lack of oxygen. Professional builders often say that a ventilation system is not required in a brick bath. But this does not mean at all that the flow of air from the outside is not needed at all, but indicates the presence of its natural circulation and that no additional costs are required to ensure the supply of oxygen to the room.
The need for ventilation in the bath
In those days when the very concept of "ventilation" did not yet exist, baths, like all other buildings, were built without the use of any special measures to ensure the flow of fresh air. But there were objective reasons for this. The main material in the construction then was wood, the lower part of the crown was free. At the same time, air entered the bath through the cracks between the logs. The temperature inside the bath was regulated simply by opening or closing the door. So simple and pretty effective way provided by our ancestors.
Previously, doors and windows were simply opened to ventilate bath rooms.
Currently, in the construction of baths, other building materials and technologies are often used, which leads to a different approach to the device. engineering systems. If a ventilation system is not initially provided for in the bath project, negative consequences may make themselves felt in the very near future. First of all, this is the premature destruction of materials that provide thermal insulation of the premises. When ventilation is of low efficiency, after a fairly short time it will be necessary to replace both the insulation and facing materials walls and floors.
The change in air temperature in a wide range and its high humidity are the main factors that determine the wear of the materials used. In addition, an unpleasant odor may appear, since the existing microclimate inside the bath contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. Without use chemicals it is impossible to remove this smell, but their use in the bath is unacceptable. Well, and most importantly - in the absence of a sufficient flow of air from the outside, the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) quickly increases inside the room, and this, as we have already said, can lead to poisoning people.
In a small steam room without forced ventilation, you can suffocate
Putting it all together, one can easily understand that instead of a healing effect, a completely opposite result is obtained. The above factors are enough to prove the importance of an effective ventilation system in the bath.
Rules for arranging ventilation in the bath
There are the following schemes of the applied ventilation systems:
- natural, in which the occurrence of air movement is due to the presence of a natural pressure drop outside and inside the room;
- mechanical, which is created special devices operating in automatic mode;
- combined, appearing due to the pressure drop created by the supply of excess air by the fan.
In this case, it is necessary not only to supply air inside, but also to remove it from the room, which is ensured by installing ducts in the opposite direction from the inflow channel.
A ventilation system is also required in other areas of the bath, such as a shower room, dressing room and relaxation room.
Natural ventilation occurs due to the fact that cold air from outside the room displaces warmer air, and it goes up through specially created channels.
The floor must also be ventilated due to the fact that moisture always gets on it. If you didn't good ventilation floor, get ready to change it every 4-5 years. To provide long term service, it is necessary to make vents in opposite corners of the basement, as well as ventilation holes in opposite walls to ensure the inflow and outflow of air. To protect against rodents and other small animals, cover floor vents and wall openings with bars. When installing the stove, be sure to ensure that the level of the clean floor is above the blower of the stove, thereby creating a hood effect. Flooring must be carried out with gaps between the boards of at least 5 mm. And after you finish using the bath, you must definitely dry the room.
One of the popular ways is Bast ventilation, when fresh air enters through the hole under the stove, and is removed through the hole under the ceiling, located opposite the doors. In this case, a wooden box lined with foil is used.
With any variant of the ventilation system, certain rules always work to ensure full air circulation and high level microclimate comfort. One of the simplest options is to install two channels - inlet and outlet, the cross section of which is determined based on the following requirements: for each square meter the area of the room requires a channel with a cross section of 24 cm 2. Very often, experts deliberately underestimate the cross section of the channels, explaining this step by reducing heat loss. However, this entails only a violation of the normal operation of ventilation. To accelerate the outflow of air, it is allowed to install two exhaust ducts or one line of a larger cross section. The channels can be located either opposite each other or on the same wall, but at different angles.
The gaps between the floorboards can serve as ventilation holes in the floor.
In the process of preparing the bath, a large air circulation is not required, as this reduces the rate of heating of the premises. To reduce it, install plugs on the channels or close the dampers.
In the case where materials with high air permeability are used, the floor boards should be laid with a gap of 2–3 mm between them. The air will freely pass through the cracks and thereby carry out the function of drying and ventilation.
When designing the system, it is foreseen that the air supply must be mainly provided by the intake from the outside of the room, otherwise the formation of an unpleasant odor cannot be avoided.
Exhaust ducts must be made only of metal or wood. If plastic is used, when it is heated, toxic substances will be released, and the service life when high temperatures these boxes are very small. They are only allowed to be used in locker rooms and showers.
Exhaust ducts can be made of metal or wood
Schemes of the device of ventilation ducts in the bath
Ventilation ducts under the floors must be made immediately at the protective sheet of metal in front of the stove. And the ratio of the dimensions of the box and the chimney should be about 1–1.2. This system has its advantages, as it makes it easy to adjust the air flow and does not allow the appearance of odor in the steam room. In the case when the stove is located directly inside the steam room, this type of ventilation is most suitable. In this case, the system turns out to be much more complicated, since two boxes are used - the first one provides air ventilation, and the second one supplies air for burning wood in the stove. In this case, the channels can be placed in the foundation, on which the furnace will be installed in the future.
The ventilation option must be chosen with great care, as this affects the level of comfort inside the room.
There are several options for arranging ventilation in the bath:
Depending on the configuration of the bath rooms, different ways location of ventilation holes
Preparing to install a ventilation system
After deciding on the use of a particular scheme of the ventilation system, it is required to complete its drawing. With help simple pencil and rulers on a sheet of paper indicate the locations of all inlet and outlet channels, as well as boxes for organizing air flows.
When designing ventilation ducts take into account the following requirements:
- inlet and outlet ducts must be the same length. Otherwise, a sufficient level of air circulation will not be provided;
- the cross-sectional size of all channels must also be the same;
- it is impossible to have the inlet and outlet channels at the same level opposite each other, because in this case there will be no air circulation.
After drawing up the drawing, markup is carried out inside the room. Using a tape measure and a marker mark the location of the channels. Holes in walls and partitions between rooms are easily made with a special crown using an electric drill.
On the drawing, you need to indicate the dimensions of the room and the exact location of all ventilation openings
For the manufacture of ventilation systems, ordinary plastic plumbing or sewer pipe or a special galvanized metal pipe with a diameter of not more than 10 centimeters. On exhaust pipe, overlooking the roof of the bath, to protect against ingress of precipitation into the system, an umbrella is installed from the same galvanized metal.
Inlet channels that are at or near the ground require gratings to keep out rodents and other small animals.
We should not forget about such useful things, like dampers that are used to manually adjust the air circulation. The dampers can be mounted on ventilation ducts as an independent part of the structure.
The ventilation opening is conveniently equipped with a damper, thanks to which you can independently regulate the air flow
Calculation of ventilation for baths of different sizes
When calculating the required section of the ventilation duct box, a known ratio is used: for each cubic meter the volume of the premises requires a ventilation duct (inlet and outlet) with a cross section of 24 cm 2. Often use standard sewer pipelines made of polyethylene and having a diameter of 10 cm (radius of the pipeline is 5 cm). The cross-sectional area of such a pipe is 3.14x5 2 \u003d 78.5 cm 2. In order to calculate how much ventilation of a room can be provided by one duct with such a cross section, the resulting value of the duct section must be divided by 24 cm 2. We get: 78.5 / 24 \u003d 3.27 m 3.
Through the ventilation pipe brought outside, the air from the premises will be vented to the street, giving way to fresh air.
Let's say that in the bathhouse the steam room has dimensions of 2x2 m, and the dressing room - 1x2 m. The height of the ceilings is the same everywhere and equals 2 m. The total volume of the premises is 2x2x2 + 1x2x2 = 12 m 3. Now we determine how many inlet channels will be required to ensure full ventilation of the premises when using a sewer pipeline: 12/3.27=3.7. We take the value equal to 4. That is, it is necessary to perform four input channels.
After determining the location of the channels, marking, drilling of holes and installation of boxes is done.
Vent sizes
The cross-sectional area of ventilation ducts depends on the size of the bath rooms: dressing rooms, steam rooms, showers and rest rooms. An important point is not only the correct determination of the channel cross-sections, but also the possibility of their adjustment. To do this, the installation of plugs or valves is provided.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that with a large cross section of the channels, heating the premises to the required temperature and then maintaining it will be a rather difficult task. main reason this is the absence or difficulty of adjusting the flow sections of the input channels.
The cross-sectional area of ventilation ducts is calculated from the already mentioned ratio: 24 cm 2 per 1 m 3 of the room. To ensure circulation, the exhaust channel can be made slightly larger than the inlet.
If the size of the channels is below the required values, there will be a problem with overheating of the premises and with an excess of the concentration of harmful gases.
Required Tools
The following tools are required for mounting the ventilation system components:
- electric drill;
- crown for wood / metal with a diameter of 100 mm;
- construction gun under a tube with sealant.
Step-by-step instructions: how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands
The process of installing ventilation in the bath depends on the type of room in which the work is carried out.
The dressing room should be warm, dry and have enough fresh air. For this, only one outlet ventilation duct is usually installed in it. To increase air circulation, a fan is brought into it. The channel is most often performed opposite the door to the steam room at a height of no more than 50 cm above the floor. Additionally, the ventilation duct is equipped with a plug that closes when the bath is not in use.
In case when furnace door and the blower of the furnace are located in the dressing room; an inlet channel is also required, which provides air supply from the outside to the furnace. Typically, such a channel is mounted below the level of the finishing floor of the dressing room. Installation is carried out before the boards are laid on the floor. Outside, a grate must be installed at the entrance.
In the dressing room, most often they install only one outlet ventilation duct or simply open the window
How to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath
The operation of the ventilation system of the steam room has its own characteristics compared to other rooms, since the climatic conditions inside it are quite extreme. Despite the fact that ventilation ducts are usually covered or completely closed during procedures, ventilation must still be present to saturate the room with oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, ensure uniform heating, and other tasks. For example, one of the most effective and common systems for steam rooms is Bastu ventilation.
With a Bastu-type ventilation device, fans and pumps are installed in the steam room
Video: installation of ventilation valves in the steam room
How to make a hole in the wall of a log house
The whole process consists of several steps:
If the wall is made multilayer due to insulation, then the hole is made as follows:
- The drill makes a hole through.
- Then the channel of the required diameter is marked.
- Along the entire length of the marked circle, holes of small diameter are drilled.
- Next, the jumpers are removed with a chisel or jigsaw and the internal fragments are removed.
Video: how to drill a hole in a wooden wall
Installation of pipes and gratings
For the manufacture of ventilation ducts, it is better to use pipelines made of galvanized metal. If plastic pipes are used, they must be designed to operate at elevated temperatures in order to avoid material degradation.
IN air vent you can insert a sliding box, grate or fan
The installation process itself consists of several stages:
- The pipe is wrapped in heat-insulating material and installed in the hole made. The gaps between the wall and the pipe are filled with sealant or mounting foam to provide protection against moisture penetration.
- Further fastened protective grids using self-tapping screws or industrial moisture-resistant glue.
In order to assess the performance of the ventilation channel, it is enough to bring a lit match, candle or smoldering wick to it. By the direction and speed of movement of smoke, you can determine the efficiency of the installed ventilation ducts. If the air speed is insufficient, it is recommended to install fans in the ducts.
Video: Bastu ventilation in the bath
Still not sure if a ventilation system is required in the bath? And you don’t need to think, it is definitely required. But remember that the choice of ventilation system scheme will be determined based on many aspects of the design of the bath itself, as well as the personal preference of the owner.
