Quite often, complaints are heard: “It’s cold at home! Why do we have to pay for barely warm batteries? What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter? Let's deal with these issues and find out in which cases it is legal to file a complaint with the Housing Office, and in which it is not.
Heating season
For every little thing in Russia there are special regulations. Our legislators did not ignore the climate inside the dwellings. They clearly established what temperature should be in the apartment of an average resident of the country. The law states that the period when the premises begin to be heated centrally occurs when the outside temperature is at plus eight for five days. Similarly, it ends heating season. Again, short frosts in the off-season ZhEKi do not oblige to anything.
But what if the heating season has begun, but the house is still cold? Residents can write an application to the housing office. However, the concepts of "cold" and "hot" are very subjective. In order not to be unfounded in your complaint, you need to measure the temperature with a thermometer and give clear numbers of indicators. Thus, the law meticulously establishes minimum standards for different rooms: in the living corner room it should be +20, in the kitchen - +18, and in the bathroom, where we have to strip naked - and all +25.
There are also clearly defined rules on this issue. All year round, hot water should be supplied to the taps: not lower than + 50 and not higher (to avoid burns) + 70 degrees. During the heating season, such water should also fill the batteries. How to check if hot water in your house is supplied as required by the regulations? Open the faucet, substitute a glass with a thermometer. A deviation of 4 degrees is allowed, but only upwards.
Troubleshooting
Perhaps the housing office is not to blame for anything, and your batteries are simply “airy”. In this case, the tenant writes a statement to the DEZ.
Recalculation of payment for heating
If you suffer from a systematic deviation of indicators from accepted standards (and they are determined by special Rules, which describe in great detail how services are provided for which utility bills are taken), you can start trial. As a result, housing and communal services will either fix problems with heating, or you will pay less for it. Even in the event of an accident or other emergency, it is clearly stated how long people can remain without hot water. According to section VIII of the above Rules, residents must report in writing to the accident service (ZHEK, housing and communal services, etc.) about all problems, including inadequate indoor climate. A commission comes with a check and draws up an act, which indicates what temperature should be in the apartment, and what it really is. This document is signed by the complainant himself. If the commission did not appear, a similar act can be drawn up by the tenant, who took the neighbors as witnesses. The recalculation of the fee is set for the entire "ice age" - until the breakdown is fixed and your house becomes warm again.
One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered the provision of a favorable microclimate in the workplace.
However, many tenants do not comply with the temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.
What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?
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Is the employer obligated to monitor the temperature in the room?
Article 212 can answer this question, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.
The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), as it is too low or vice versa heat can lead to a decrease in energy levels and, as a result, its performance.
Accordingly, if the employer evades this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.
We can say that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature during the entire working period.
Temperature regimes at different times of the year
The temperature in the room in the summer, according to the Labor Code, should not be higher than:
- 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
- 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
- 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
- 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
- 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.
Working at temperatures above 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has some way to avoid the heat, namely: to install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or to reduce the number of working hours by special order.
The room temperature in winter time according to the Labor Code, it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:
- no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
- no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.
Labor regulations have established that working at temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.
Summarizing the above data, we can say that the indoor temperature in summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.
What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?
Salaried workers often face negligent attitude of the employer. What to do in this case? There are several options:
- ask the employer to normalize the temperature with the help of equipment (air conditioning, heater)
- demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with the regulations
- file a complaint with the CPS
- ask for help from the labor inspectorate
With the last two options, a special check will be conducted at the place of work, during which it will be established whether an offense has been committed.
As a result, we can say that the employee has several legitimate methods of influencing.
What punishment threatens the employer for non-compliance with the temperature regime?
In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violated sanitary norms, will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or its activities will be suspended for a certain period.
Housing and communal services enterprises are obliged to provide comfortable conditions in apartments, therefore, in winter, the dwelling should be warm. Management companies do not always provide the prescribed temperature regime. As a result, residents of apartment buildings not only get cold, but also have to overpay for services of inadequate quality.
Let's look at ways to influence management company.
The ideal temperature for humans
In the course of the research, the most acceptable living conditions for a person were determined. normal temperature in the apartment should be in the range from 21 to 25 degrees.
Such a large spread is explained by:
- individual characteristics of the organism;
- the age of the person;
- his way of life;
- floor.
The results of the research formed the basis of the adopted technical standards.
The current norms for the permissible temperature in the dwelling
Requirements for the temperature regime in housing are established in GOST R 51617-2000. This document provides for differentiated indicators, taking into account the season and the purpose of the premises in the apartment. Permissible the temperature norm in the apartment during the heating season is in the range from 18 to 25 degrees.
Regarding separate parts of apartments and premises common use the following indicators are set:
- for a living room from 18 to 24 degrees;
- for the bathroom at least 24 - 26 degrees;
- for the kitchen from 18 to 19 degrees (this is due to the heating devices located on it);
- for children's rooms, the norm is from 21 to 24 degrees (for babies, a higher temperature is optimal, and for older children, closer to the lower limit);
- for the rest of the premises in the apartment, the norm is in the range of 18 - 22 degrees;
- for the landing from 14 to 20 degrees;
- for the corridor between apartments from 16 to 22 degrees.
The air temperature in the apartment can deviate from the norm by no more than 3 degrees. With regard to the living room, the discrepancy is allowed only from midnight to 5 in the morning.
If the apartment is corner, then the minimum temperature bar rises by 2 degrees, since the room has 2 walls facing the street.
Battery operation parameters and the procedure for measuring their temperature
To determine whether the temperature in the apartment is allowed by law during the winter, it is necessary to check the operation of the batteries. They should be periodically monitored to establish the reasonableness of utility tariffs.
Regulations governing minimum temperature radiators are not provided. At the same time, the maximum battery heating limit is set, defined in SNiP 41-01-2003.
- If the heating system is two-pipe, then the radiator should not heat up more than 95 degrees.
- When the system is single pipe, the limit is 115 degrees.
To establish deviations from the permissible temperature norm and achieve recalculation, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the radiators in one of the following ways:
- applying the standard electronic thermometer to the surface of the battery (in this case, it is necessary to add no more than 2 degrees to the readings);
- using a heat meter that perceives infrared radiation;
- using an alcohol-type thermometer (during measurements, it must be isolated from the environment).
Any of the devices used must have a certificate and a passport, which contains the rules for use and error characteristics.
Measurement of temperature in the apartment
Violations can be detected by fixing the temperature in the apartment. Measurements should be carried out, observing a number of rules:
- it is necessary to fix the temperature on a cloudy day so that the sun does not heat the air;
- if doors, windows or walls are not airtight, then it is required to limit the air flow;
- measurements are carried out in 2 rooms (except for apartments with a single living space);
- the temperature is fixed at a distance of at least half a meter from the outer wall and heating devices and at least 60 cm from the floor;
- as in establishing compliance with the permissible battery temperature in the apartment, you should use a certified device that has a passport.
Watch the video about temperature standards:
Actions when deviations are detected
Having found a discrepancy between the temperature regime in the housing and the current standards, it is necessary to contact the management company. She must send a brigade to determine the reasons for the lack of heat.
If the source of the problem is not found, then you need to contact the housing and communal services operator with an application for measurements. The organization will check and draw up an act in which it will record the testimony received. Before signing the document, you should familiarize yourself with the equipment used and the test results.
The next step will be to send an act and a claim to eliminate the problems found and recalculate the cost of services already provided.
If the management company refuses to comply with the requirements, then it is necessary to go to court. To do this, it is required to collect all copies of documents (acts, statements and claims) that were exchanged between a citizen and a housing and communal services operator.
The plaintiff has the right to demand a reduction in the cost of services rendered by 0.15% for each hour of the period when allowable rate temperature was not observed. Practice shows that it is possible to achieve the return of overpaid services only by initiating legal proceedings.
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If you do not know what the air temperature in the apartment should be in winter, how to measure and increase it, then this article is for you.
The temperature in the apartment
| Name of premises | Air temperature, C | Resulting temperature, С | Air speed, m/s |
|
| Cold period of the year |
||||
| 18-24 | 17-23 | |||
| The same, in areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31 degrees and below) | 20-24 | 19-23 | ||
| Kitchen | 18-26 | 17-25 | n/n* | |
| Toilet | 18-26 | 17-25 | n/n | |
| Bathroom, combined toilet | 18-26 | 17-26 | n/n | |
| Inter-apartment corridor | 16-22 | 15-21 | ||
| lobby, stairwell | 14-20 | 13-19 | n/n | |
| Storerooms | 12-22 | 11-21 | n/n | n/n |
| Warm period of the year |
||||
| Living room | 20-28 | 18-27 | ||
- In ordinary rooms - 18 degrees.
- IN corner rooms- 20 degrees.
- In the bathroom - 25 degrees.
- Battery temperature - a maximum of 35 degrees.
At the same time, it is assumed that the apartment can be warmer than the established norm by 4 degrees and colder by 3. Temperature fluctuations are also allowed for a longer interval at night.
The apartment may not be heated in winter for a maximum of 24 hours per month. At the same time, no more than 16 hours at a time. If this condition is not met, then tenants must pay less for heating for each extra hour.
If any of the above does not correspond to the norm, then you can complain to the DEZ, the HOA or the management company. If they do not take action, then you need to complain to the city department of the State Housing Inspectorate. In this case, there hotline and an online application form. However, first you need to prove that the apartment has a low temperature due to the fault of the management companies. And to prove it, you need to take measurements.
For this, infrared thermometers are usually used. They must be registered and have a certificate. Otherwise, the data will not be taken into account.
To measure temperatures with an infrared thermometer, you need to install a massive object a little more than one meter high in a place that is the center of two planes:
- The 1st plane is half a meter away from the battery and the outer wall
- 2nd plane - the intersection of the diagonals of the room
The picture shows this place more clearly.
After you put a massive object in the right place, wait a while for it to take the temperature of the room. Then point the beam of the infrared thermometer at it (while the beam should be at a height of 1 meter from the floor).
You need to measure the temperature in this way at least three times. The time between sets should not be less than 5 minutes. After that, the average value of temperatures is calculated.
If the apartment has several rooms, then measurements are taken in the room with the largest area.
If the average temperature of the measurements is normal, then you will not be able to make a claim to the management company. Just as you cannot do this if the temperature is below normal and there are heat leaks. By the way, by eliminating heat leaks, you will increase the temperature in the apartment by at least 3-5 degrees.
How to increase the temperature in the apartment and eliminate heat leaks
Seal cracks in windows and doors. If the balcony is not glazed, then insulate the door leading to it. More details about this are in the articles:
- Insulate an apartment and save 3-10 thousand rubles on electricity
The remaining leaks can be detected using thermal imaging research.
If you have fixed the leaks, but the apartment is still cold, you should pay attention to the heating radiators. Their surface should have the same temperature (and not so - it is warmer at one end than at the other). Also, approximately the same temperature should be at the riser with the battery.
If this is not the case, then there may be several reasons:
- heating system worn out at home
- any radiator is defective
- Have you set the temperature on your thermostat?
In the first two cases, again, you need to contact the HOA or the management company. True, battery replacement will have to wait until the end of the heating season.
If you decide to start repairs in the winter, then you can not wait for the end of the heating season. Entrust it to us, we will replace the heating system at the same time.
When it comes to payment utilities, many residents of apartment buildings complain that in winter the temperature in their apartments did not meet the standards. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.
This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that have been developed government agencies operating throughout Russia in the winter season.
The heating season begins in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator is kept for at least five days.
If there is an abrupt change, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then heating in apartment buildings is not switched on. Switching off is made when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same rules apply with a five-day condition.
Regulations
Heating standards are legalized, that is, their violation is followed by administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the main norms in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:
- +18 °C in the living quarters of the apartment;
- if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
- in the kitchen, the temperature should be at least +18 ° C;
- in the bathroom +25 °C;
- on stairwell and in the lobby (if such a room exists) not lower than +16 °C;
- in the elevator temperature norm+5 °C;
- in the attic and in the basement +4°C.
How to take measurements correctly?
Measurement of the air temperature inside the residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are made every hour during the day. In this case, it is precisely the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay for services less by 0.15%.
At the same time, an act of measurements taken is necessarily drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that the public utilities will correct all the shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.
There is one more point to which attention should be paid. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below the norm by 3 ° C during the day, and by 5 ° C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.
By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the area of the apartment. And the more it is, the less you have to pay.
There is another standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment depends high-rise building- air exchange rate. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, requiring that the air in the apartment constantly change.
In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m², air exchange should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. In kitchens, this figure is 60 m³ / h, this is if it has hob with two burners. If a three burner cooker is used then 75 m³/h and a four burner cooker 90 m³/h.
In the bathroom, this figure will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of 25 m² - an air exchange rate of 25 m³ / h. If the same area, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³ / h. In the toilet 25 m³/h with an area of 16 m².
These two standards are related. It is impossible to ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then will it be possible to talk about comfortable conditions residence.
How to measure the temperature of the coolant?
Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.
The easy way
Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.
Her temperature limits: 50-70 °C. Deviations can be, but only for an increase, and only by 4 degrees.
Measurement of the heating level of heating devices
There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator for pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer or a conventional alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to the pipe or battery and covered with insulation.
Measurements with an electrothermometer
There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.
Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are fixed and measured, including the “Measure temperature” function.
Instrument corrections
Usually each device has its own scale of deviations. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 ° C, for infrared - 0.5 ° C. Therefore, after carrying out all measurements, it is necessary to add 1-2 ° С to the obtained digital indicator.
What to do next?
If the result of the measurements taken does not suit you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you must write an application to the management company. A commission should come from her and take their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 "Control Methods". At the same time, employees must use a measuring device that has been registered and has a quality certificate.
The device must meet certain technical specifications:
- temperature range from +5 °С to +40 °С;
- measurement error - 0.1 °С.
Temperature dependence
There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain level of heating. During the heating season, this figure may change daily, or it may not change for months.
Gosstroy in 2003 issued a decree in which the temperature parameters of the coolant were precisely determined. Please note that they are taken into account only for the lower supply of hot water. Multiple positions:
- air temperature outside +5 °C, in the heating circuit supply +50 °C, in the return +39 °C;
- outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
- outside -5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.
Dependence on the type of system
And one more thing that determines the temperature regime. If in apartment building a two-pipe heating system is installed, then the temperature of the coolant should be +95 ° С.
If the system is single-pipe, then the rate is increased to +105 ° C. But keep in mind that in corner apartments the air temperature index will still be lower.
