Tasting sweet, unbelievable delicious fruits- dates, you probably thought more than once about whether a date palm tree can grow from a seed at home? The answer is positive - yes, it can, but it will not bear fruit, since for this the tree must reach a height of 15 meters (at least). That is, a date palm with fruits at home will not grow, this is not possible. But get lush tree, which will delight the eye, decorate your interior, is quite possible. The date palm is a beautiful, spreading tree with feathery branches.
The trading network offers small seedlings miniature varieties date palms adapted for home breeding. But we are interested in the process of self-growing a tree from a stone, right? How to grow a palm tree from a date seed? I want to tell you more about this.
It looks like a date tree at home
In your home, such a palm tree can grow up to 2 meters; for harmonious development, it needs space and good lighting.
Date palm, seed preparation, planting
For planting, the very bones extracted from the fruits that were bought to feast on are quite suitable. It is best to use "fresh" pits, freshly removed from healthy dates. Make sure that there is no mold and traces of insects on the bones - planting material must be perfect. Then you should place the seeds in moist conditions (a container with clean water) for about a day, so the remnants of the fruit pulp will swell, they can be easily removed. During the so-called soaking, it is advisable to change the water several times.
Date seeds, photo:
After 24 hours, remove the seeds, dry, lay out on a dry, clean cloth. To speed up the germination process, the bones can be lightly processed sandpaper or just scratch a little with a sharp knife.
Good results are obtained by preliminary germination of grains.
This is how the root of a date sprouts To do this, they are placed in wet vermiculite, sprinkled on top with a thin layer, put the container next to warm battery, having previously covered polyethylene film. Here you need to make sure that the agrovermiculite remains moist all the time. From time to time it should be sprayed.
Accumulated condensate should be removed in time. For spitting sprouts, sometimes two weeks is enough. After that, the planting material is planted in pots. These temporary containers will be home to young palms until the plant has a single long stem. At the bottom of the pots, as usual, pour drainage (fine expanded clay).
Young palm trees from the stone, photo:
What will grow from a date bone, photo For sprouted seeds, a special palm substrate (preferably) or a peat-sand mixture is best suited. You can plant 3-5 seeds at the same time, while the soil must be constantly moistened. Watering future palm trees should be very careful and careful, regular airing is also a must. If you do everything right, but sprouts do not appear, do not despair - this plant can “sit” underground for a long time, not be active. Continue to water and provide fresh air to the pot, there are cases that sprouts appeared even 4-5 months after planting the seeds.
date palm transplant
Wondering how to grow date palm at home from the stone, you need to know that this exotic plant grows very slowly. Do not be surprised if two or even three years pass before the appearance of the first full-fledged leaves.
Be that as it may, the transplant should be done very carefully, for fear of damaging the delicate roots. As mentioned above, palm trees are transplanted at the stage of the appearance of the first stem. At this stage, the roots do not yet have time to braid the drainage, which makes it possible to transfer the plant along with an earthen clod (by transshipment).
There is an opinion that young palm trees need an annual transplant. Yes it is. And only then, when the plant is about five years old, you can transplant as needed. If you see that your plant is doing better after transplanting, then make sure that each subsequent pot is 3 cm larger (in diameter) than the previous one. Be mindful of drainage, use special substrates for indoor palm crops.
Palm date care at home, photo:
Sometimes it is enough just to replace the top layer of the soil mixture: old earth carefully cleaned, a new nutrient earth mixture is poured in its place. This process is best done in the spring.
Date palm, home care
Despite the fact that this representative is characterized by slow growth, he reacts extremely quickly to the lack of proper care. Young palm trees instantly lose their cheerful appearance at the slightest discomfort. In order for a palm tree to feel good at home, it needs to provide adequate lighting. If big trees growing in nature perfectly tolerate heat, scorching sunlight, then the home palm tree must be protected from these factors. Nevertheless indoor palm is a photophilous plant. The best place for it will be a room facing south, or window sills, which are located on the west or east side.
By the end of spring, when the air temperature reaches +12..14°C, you can safely take your palm tree out to outdoor balcony. If you are unable to move the tree to open air- it's okay, it feels comfortable at home, just do not forget to ventilate the room more often. With the onset of heat, do not be too lazy to irrigate the plant with a spray bottle, and also wipe its leaves with a damp cloth. A palm tree grown from a stone loves that the soil does not dry out, but excessive waterlogging is extremely harmful to its roots. In summer, the tree needs to be watered more often, but at the same time make sure that the pan is dry, without stagnant water.
Date palm Robelin As for care in winter, it is necessary to provide the palm tree with an air temperature of at least + 16..18 ° C. A mercury column of +12°C is considered critical for home palm- She stops growing, starts to hurt.
In winter, the plant is watered less frequently. When upper layer the soil mixture dries out by about 3 cm, then watering should be done.
Do Date Palms Need Drainage? Definitely needed! Make sure the tree has good drainage. Remember, the larger the palm tree and its pot, the thicker the drainage layer.
Penumbra, diffuse lighting, air temperature +15..18°C, moderate watering room temperature- ideal conditions for the maintenance of this culture. A palm tree should not be under direct sunlight, the leaves dry, the tree withers.
You should also mention top dressing - this plant loves them very much. Standard additives for palm crops give very good results, but if you decide to feed the tree with diluted chicken droppings (proportions - 1: 3). Then dilute 0.5 liters of infusion with 10 liters of water. Apply 1 time in 12-14 days. The palm tree will thank you with splendor, rich color of foliage. With the onset of winter, such monthly top dressing will be very appropriate.
By and large, the indoor palm tree is unpretentious plant, but diseases and pests can get to her at home. spider mite, mealybug, scale insects - they are all very partial to palm crops, if you notice the first signs of infection, hurry up to process the tree at an early stage soapy water. If the condition is more serious, then you can’t do without chemical preparations - insectoacaricides, such as Aktellik, Dursban, Agravertin, Vertimek, will help you here.
Excessive watering (waterlogging) can provoke the appearance of pink rot, a variety of spots on the leaves. Fungicides, the drug "Mancozeb", "Fitosporin-M" fight these manifestations. The room where the palm tree is located should have a minimum humidity of at least 60%. Practice water irrigation, especially in summer. And with the onset of winter, place a small container filled with water next to the palm pot. As for the slow growth of the tree, here you should pay attention to the level of soil acidity. If the degree of acidity is increased, then palm growth may stop. A neutral pH is optimal for this plant.
Observe temperature regime, protect the plant from direct sunlight and drafts. To make a date palm from a stone at home become a lush growing tree and a real decoration of your interior, you should follow the simple rules described above.
Thuja or juniper - which is better? Such a question can sometimes be heard in garden centers and in the market where these plants are sold. He, of course, is not entirely correct and correct. Well, it's like asking which is better - night or day? Coffee or tea? Woman or man? Surely everyone will have their own answer and opinion. And yet ... But what if we approach without prejudice and try to compare juniper and thuja according to certain objective parameters? Let's try.
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Home floriculture - not only fascinating process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. And what about those who do not have experience, but want to have houseplants at home - not stretched stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy, not causing guilt by their extinction? For beginners and flower growers who are not burdened with a long experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.
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It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived almost with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic, which is used both in medicine and in veterinary medicine. In crop production, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden and vegetable garden.
Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on holiday table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if you can use forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook it this way, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a saucepan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens almost without the participation of the cook - meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, marinated.
Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open field. Cucumbers are usually sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers do not tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste juicy handsome men from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some features of this plant.
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Date palm - widespread indoor plant, which is very easy to grow with your own hands from seeds. And in the subtropics of the Black Sea coast, dates can also grow in the garden.
What are date palms and how do they reproduce
In nature, several varieties of date palms are known, of which the greatest interest for indoor cultivation represent two types - dates Canary and palmate.
Absolutely all date palms are dioecious plants in which male and female flowers are formed on different trees.
IN room conditions dates do not bear fruit and are grown purely out of curiosity or for ornamental purposes.
Real date palm (date palm)
Date finger - the same palm that gives delicious sweet dates, sold all year round in stores. Each date contains an elongated pit with pointed tips. Seeds from store-bought dried fruits remain viable and are suitable for sowing.
Date palm fruit - the famous sweet and delicious dates The date palm grows in the hot tropical deserts of Africa and Arabia. Numerous root shoots often form at the base of old trees, due to which the plants are renewed.
Real date palms grow in tropical deserts
The Canarian date grows in the wild only in the Canary Islands. It is often grown as ornamental plant in the subtropics around the world, including in Russia on the Black Sea coast. This palm does not form root offspring and propagates only by seeds.
The Canarian date palm is grown as an ornamental plant in many countries. The fruits are not eaten because of their small size and fibrous pulp. The seeds of the Canarian date are oval in shape with rounded tips. You can collect ripe fruits in December - January in the cities of the Black Sea coast, where these palm trees grow in abundance.
The fruits of the Canarian date are easily identified by their more rounded pits than those of a real date. In my opinion, for home growing the Canarian date is more interesting: its plants have more elegant leaves and a more fluffy crown, they look much more attractive than potted date palm plants at a similar age.
Canarian date plants look very attractive Room conditions are generally not particularly comfortable for a real date palm accustomed to a hot desert climate.
The finger date is less decorative, but its seeds are easier to find. How to plant date seeds at home
Bones from dried dates bought in a store or fresh dates self-picked from a tree are suitable for planting. Landing technology is very simple:
Date palm seedlings are not at all like adult palm leaves, but look like wide blades of grass in a fold. Before the appearance of true pinnate leaves in young plants, it will not take less than a year. If the leaves of two-year-old palms are still intact, this is a sign of insufficient lighting.
Sometimes it is advised to pre-sprout the seeds before planting in wet sawdust or hydrogel on a radiator, but this method has at least two big drawbacks:
- it is very difficult to make sure that the sawdust on the battery never dries out in a month;
- the sprouts are rather fragile, and there is a risk of breaking them off when planting - planting unsprouted seeds in the ground is much easier and more convenient.
Growing date palm from seed - video
Transplanting indoor date palms and caring for them
Date palms are very sensitive to root damage and do not like to be transplanted. Until the age of five, they are transplanted once a year in the spring into a pot a little bigger size, more adults - once every three to four years. Pots need tall, stable and heavy, with drainage holes and a layer of pebbles at the bottom. When transplanting, it is important to keep the earth ball intact with roots. The soil mixture is prepared from mixed in equal quantities:
- leaf earth,
- turf land,
- river coarse sand.
The soil in the depths of the pot should always remain slightly moist; when the earthen coma dries out, the palm tree dies. In adult plants in large tubs, it is advisable to let the top layer of earth two to three centimeters dry between waterings so that mold does not appear.
In summer, date palms are useful to keep in the fresh air. Optimum temperature for wintering date palms about + 15 ° C, in summer it is advisable to expose them to fresh air, first in partial shade, then in a brighter place, gradually accustoming them to direct sunlight. Dates tolerate dry air well, but the leaves should be wiped weekly with a dust cloth.
Planting dates in open ground
In the subtropics of the Black Sea coast, the Canarian date palm successfully grows and bears fruit in the open field.
On the Black Sea coast, the Canarian date grows well in open ground Residents of the subtropical zone of the Krasnodar Territory and the Southern Coast of Crimea can plant a young palm tree grown from a stone in the garden, taking care of winter protection for the first ten years after planting. Plant in a sunny spot with well-drained calcareous soil. It is best to plant young seedlings grown in pots at the age of 3-4 years. When planting, it is important not to damage the fragile roots and maintain the same position of the root collar relative to the soil level. Young palms should be watered during dry periods to keep the soil from drying out at the roots. Adult specimens do without watering.
The Canary date blooms in autumn from the age of five, and if there are female and male plants nearby, it will bear fruit. The fruits ripen by December of the following year after flowering, they are theoretically edible, but fibrous and tasteless.
The fruits of the Canarian date are not used for food due to their small size and fibrous pulp. Adult specimens of the Canarian date palm endure short frosts down to -8..-9°C. Young plants need protection from agrofiber or matting for the winter. The most vulnerable place in a palm tree is the apical growth bud at the base of the leaves; if it is damaged, the plant dies. If only the leaves themselves are damaged, this is not fatal, they can be cut off, then new ones will grow in their place.
Date finger in the Black Sea subtropics does not survive due to excess moisture.
Date palm in conditions ordinary house so far more of a curiosity than commonplace. It is not difficult to germinate a seedling from an ordinary bone. However, not everyone has the patience and zeal to properly care for it for several years before the tree becomes an adult. A homemade date will never bear fruit, but it will perfectly fit into the interior and decorate the home.
How to sprout a date from a seed
The date of the common species can be germinated from the seed of fruits that are sold in the store. The culture has other varieties - Canarian and Robelin. They are propagated and sold only in flower shops. As seed you can use dates that have not been heat treated. For example, dried or dried. Bones for planting should be processed immediately after receiving them.
It is best to start work in February or March. Prepare several seeds, even if you only want one palm tree. Indeed, in the process of growing young seedlings often die. The procedure should begin with water treatment of seeds. Impregnation of the seeds with moisture will significantly speed up the process of seed germination: 2-3 weeks versus 4 (if you skip this stage).
date pit
Subsequence:
- Remove the seeds from the date and clean them of the pulp as much as possible.
- Place the bones in a glass of warm water for 48 hours. Refresh the liquid 2 times a day, keeping the temperature in the container above +22°C.
- Remove the swollen growths of pulp with a knife.
- Make a 5-minute soak for the seeds hot water(about 80°C).
Many use cotton wool during soaking. A pad of cotton wool with a bone is placed in a plate filled with water. From above it is covered with another wet cotton wool. Rolled gauze or sawdust can also be used as a material.
Advice. To further reduce the time for spitting seeds, you can process them with sandpaper or scratch them with a knife. A damaged shell allows moisture to pass through more easily, which gives vitality sprout.
How to plant a bone
As a soil for planting, a substrate for indoor flowers from a store is suitable. You can cook it yourself: mix equal parts peat, raw sawdust and river sand. Such soil is optimal for a young plant, but in the future, during the first and subsequent transplants, the pot will need to be filled with other soil. Proportions:
- humus - 40%;
- sod land - 20%;
- sheet soil - 20%;
- sand - 20%;
- peat - 10%.
Germination of date seeds
The landing process should be carried out as follows:
- Deepen the cleaned and processed seeds into the ground in a strictly vertical position.
- Sprinkle a centimeter layer of the same soil on top.
- Put the container and seeds in heat (+ 22 ... 25 ° С). You can directly on the heating radiator.
- Water moderately: so that the soil does not dry out, but the water does not stagnate.
Attention! At proper care in 2-3 months a sprout will break out from under the ground - a juvenile leaf. Then it will grow into an arrow, consisting of 2-3 sharp leaves.
Transplantation and further care of a date tree seedling
After the sprouts reach 10 cm, each of them needs to be transplanted into a wider pot. Flower growers advise doing the procedure annually for the first 5 years of a palm tree's life. The size of the container must be constantly increased, meeting the growing needs of the plant's root system. For the final transplant, you need a capacious flowerpot.
Advice. After gaining a date permanent place instead of transplanting, periodically change the topsoil without touching the plant.
Transplanting is the most delicate process in caring for a date palm. In inexperienced hands, more than one seedling may die. The reason is the tenderness of the root system of this culture. If even a little damage to the long root, the plant will die. Only one way is suitable for transplantation - transshipment. It consists in transferring the root along with a clod of earth.
date sprouts
Plant care has the following features:
- While the date has not yet formed, it needs weekly top dressing in spring and summer. During the dormant period, organic and mineral fertilizers contribute no more than 1 time per month.
- It is important that the soil always remains moist. In summer, water the plant abundantly, even with the collection of water in the pan. In winter, the least.
- The palm tree responds well to spraying in the warm season. Also, shower your plant weekly with room temperature water. During the procedure, it is necessary to protect the soil from excess moisture.
- Date loves a lot of light and will withstand even direct sunlight. Without proper lighting, palm leaves will become long and brittle.
- The air temperature in the room should be moderate, in the range of + 16 ... + 22 ° С. Putting a palm tree near a heating radiator is risky: it will die from the heat. In summer, the plant is taken out to the loggia or veranda, limiting drafts. In winter, the temperature can be kept within + 13 ... 14 ° С.
Even if the care of the date is correct, do not wait quick results. The palm will turn into decorative tree around the 5th year. But after that, the plant will become a real decoration of your home.
Growing date palm from seed: video
Date palms are desert plants that prefer a hot climate and have features of growth and development. At the same time, often varieties of this palm tree can be found as indoor and greenhouse residents. This is possible due to the fact that this plant is quite hardy and adapts well to different conditions, including to closed ground. So, planting and growing a date at home is quite realistic, subject to certain requirements.
It should be noted right away that the date palm at home is an exclusively ornamental plant that is not able to bear fruit. Since even dates growing in open ground in conditions other than desert ones, for example, on the Mediterranean coast, do not bring edible fruits. But this fact should absolutely not discourage the desire to grow a date at home, since the unusual shaggy desert palm growing in a pot in the northern hemisphere of the world will not leave anyone indifferent, even small connoisseurs of plants.
In flower shops for sale, it is possible to find already grown date palms, usually undersized varieties. In nurseries, they are grown at an accelerated pace using excess fertilizers and even hormones, so often buying such a plant and transferring it to conditions home care, you can observe the gradual withering and death of the date. This means that we are interested in self-planting and growing a hardy date palm from a practically free seed, but over a rather long period of time.
In each pollinated fruit of the date palm, there is one rather large and very hard oblong stone. Under natural conditions, date seeds remain viable for several years and even decades, waiting for suitable conditions, but the likelihood of germination is reduced. An ideal and affordable seed material is the seeds of dried or dried dates, which are on sale all year round. At the same time, you should not pay attention to the varietal affiliation, since it is possible to speak about the purity of the variety only when vegetative reproduction palms.
How to plant a date palm seed?
The pits of dates are very dense and do not allow moisture to pass inside. Under natural conditions, this allows the finca to germinate only in the presence of conditions of abundant moisture - often when rivers flood. This excludes false germination with subsequent death of the young sprout from drought. At home, this means an extended germination period for the date seed compared to other plants. To speed up the process, it is advisable to rub the bone cleared of pulp with a needle file or sandpaper, and then soak for 3 days between two cotton pads or in gauze, placing in the warmest place in the apartment and monitoring the presence of water.
Plant every prepared date pit at home, it should be in a separate special pot for seedlings, which can be further broken, leaving the earthen lump and roots unharmed. As a soil, use a mixture of peat, flower land and sand in approximately equal proportions. The stone itself is recommended to be placed vertically in the soil to a depth of one centimeter from its upper edge. During the germination period, the soil should not dry out.
In the presence of sufficient heat and moisture, a live date seed should hatch and sprout within 1 to 3 months. It is known from practice that almost all dates planted at home sprout, with the exception of cases of fungal infection and decay due to stagnant water in the pot. When the stem first appears, the young date palm should be placed on a windowsill facing south.
It is desirable to plant a date bone in early spring so that the first shoot receives maximum heat and sunlight that your climate zone and the location of the apartment. And a slightly grown date was ready for transplanting into a larger pot, just in time for the period of winter hibernation of the palm tree.
Date palm care at home.
At the first and subsequent transplants, part of the compost should be added to the soil mixture for the grown date palm, since mature plant will actively need organic matter. As it grows, about once a year, the date needs to be transplanted into a larger pot, and so on up to the maximum capacity that you are ready to provide it at home. The palm tree is very sensitive to root damage, which means that the procedure should be carried out as carefully as possible. When reaching the largest pot, instead of transplanting, a partial replacement of the topsoil should be carried out without extracting the plant.
An adult palm tree is able to tolerate maximum light and needs direct sunlight, which can only be available at home. In summer, dates grown at home, it is advisable to transfer to a balcony or terrace. To recreate habitual conditions, in winter, the palm tree should be located at temperatures of 13 - 16 degrees Celsius with moderate light and limited watering, this will further active growth in the spring phase.
In characteristic natural conditions, date palms grow near desert oases, as well as where the surprisingly deep root system of the plant is able to reach the underground moisture that is present on a permanent basis. This means that when growing dates at home, you should take care of high-quality drainage, which allows you to exclude critical water stagnation, while carrying out the necessary regular watering. However, it should be noted that mature date palms are able to tolerate short periods of complete drought.
The leaves of a young date palm are quite modest and, after growing back, are divided into several feathers. Home plant at the age of 5 - 6 years, it is already capable of producing a leaf up to 1 meter in length with many divergent rays. Date leaves have a lifespan of about a year, and then turn yellow and dry on the lower tier, requiring pruning. Trimming date leaves at home should be done leaving 2-3 centimeters from the petioles at the base, which, together with the fibrous exfoliating bark of the palm tree, will protect the trunk, giving it a characteristic hairy appearance.
With a sufficient pot capacity, a date at home is able to take up all the available space up to the ceiling in height, but of course, this will take many years. All palms are single-stemmed plants, so the loss of the top will lead to cessation of growth and its death. So the question of pruning and branching is not worth it.
When grown outdoors and in their native climate, date palms grow up to 35 meters in height and reach an age of 40 - 50 years. A home date is not able to achieve even a third of such impressive indicators. However, with proper care and following the recommended conditions, it is possible to grow your own desert giant in a pot at home.
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