White cabbage: technique for growing in open ground. How to care for cabbage in open ground

We grow strong and healthy cabbage in open ground

For successful cultivation cabbage in open ground and obtaining an ideal harvest, you need to take a responsible approach to each stage:

choose suitable varieties culture;
properly prepare the soil and planting material;
observe the timing of sowing and planting cabbage;
provide appropriate care;
determine the time of harvest.

Choosing a cabbage variety for planting

The choice of cabbage variety depends on the timing of ripening and use of the crop:

early varieties (Transfer, Pharaoh, Express) are ideal for fresh consumption. They “lie” poorly and are not suitable for pickling;
mid-season varieties (Aggressor, Slava, Podarok) - ideal for canning, pickling and pickling;
late varieties (Sugarloaf, Amager, Valentina) are grown for long-term storage in the cellar for the winter.

Growing cabbage in open ground different varieties will allow you to harvest several times a season, and stock up for future use for the whole year.

How to choose cabbage seedlings

Growing cabbage seedlings at home requires a special approach. Heat and low air humidity in the room are detrimental to young seedlings, and to ensure optimal conditions Not everyone can. In this case, gardeners have to buy planting material.

You can choose the right cabbage seedlings for planting by evaluating them appearance:

the light green color of the seedlings signals its low quality (the root system is often poorly developed, the seedlings do not take root well). Healthy seedlings cabbage has a slight purple tint on the stem and leaves;
the seedlings should not show signs of damage by diseases and pests (spots, wilting, yellowing);
a short leg of a seedling indicates an early variety of cabbage, a long leg indicates a late one. This way you can check whether the seller is deceiving;
round leaves later they will form spherical or flattened heads, and elongated ones will form elongated, oval or pointed.

Late varieties of cabbage can be grown without seedlings. To do this, seeds are sown in holes at the end of April and covered with film or glass until germination.

Preparing the bed and planting cabbage

When choosing a place to plant cabbage seedlings, you should adhere to crop rotation:

It is best to plant cabbage in an area where cucumbers, carrots, onions, and legumes were grown.
It is highly undesirable to plant cabbage in a garden bed where other types of this crop, as well as radishes and beets, previously grew.
When choosing a plot for cabbage, do not forget about the successful proximity of crops. Cabbage gets along well with cucumbers, dill, and potatoes, but does not grow well next to grapes, strawberries, and tomatoes.

Cabbage gives bountiful harvest on moisture-intensive clay soils and loams with low acidity. When preparing the bed, take this into account and, if necessary, deoxidize the soil.

They begin preparing the area for planting in the fall. To do this, dig the soil deeply (to the length of a shovel, 20-25 cm), and apply organic (manure, humus) and mineral (superphosphate, urea, potassium chloride) fertilizers.

In the spring, the soil is dug up again, trying to break up the clods of earth as finely as possible. In acidic soils it is necessary to add lime or dolomite flour.

The planting scheme for cabbage seedlings depends on the timing of ripening:

for early cabbage, a distance of 30-40 cm in a row is sufficient;
for late - at least 50 cm (preferably 60-70 cm);
The recommended row spacing for a cabbage bed is 60-70 cm.

The seedlings are planted in pre-prepared and moistened holes, one root at a time. Deepen the seedlings to the first leaf, lightly compacting them upper layer soil. After planting, the seedlings are watered again.

Caring for cabbage in open ground and possible difficulties

Growing cabbage in Siberia in open ground is practically no different in agricultural technology from the Moscow region. It is only necessary to choose late-ripening varieties and use only the seedling planting method, pre-hardening the seedlings. Basic care for cabbage comes down to watering, loosening and fertilizing.

Watering cabbage

Growing cabbage in open ground is impossible without regular watering, as it is a very moisture-loving plant. This requirement is especially relevant in the first phase of growth. Watering is carried out every 2-3 days abundantly, and the water should not be cold. When the heads of cabbage have set, watering the cabbage in open ground is gradually reduced and stopped completely a month before harvest. This rule does not apply to early ripening varieties.

Loosening beds and hilling kaputa

To ensure air access to the roots, regular loosening of the soil is necessary. It is carried out after each watering. Hilling cabbage in open ground is no less important. It is carried out every 10-14 days, thereby stimulating the growth of new roots and the full development of the plant.

Fertilizer application in three stages

After planting in the ground, the first fertilizing is carried out after 14-16 days. The most successful fertilizer for this purpose is mullein infusion, 1 liter of which is diluted in 10 liters of water.
After another two weeks, the cabbage in open ground is fed again with the same nutritional composition.
During the period of head formation, a third feeding is necessary. It is carried out with potassium fertilizers and urea (10 g per bucket of water).

Iodine for cabbage - feeding and protection against diseases from a home first aid kit (40 drops per bucket of water). Iodine solution can be added every 10 days at the rate of 0.5 liters per bush.

Diseases and pests of cabbage

Growing white cabbage in open ground, like other varieties, requires regular treatment against pests and diseases:

A colony of aphids or cruciferous flea beetle can completely destroy all cabbage plantings in a matter of days.
Fungal diseases are no less dangerous for the crop.

Cabbage solution recipe

When fighting cabbage whites (cabbageweed), aphids and other pests good result gives spraying with a decoction of tobacco dust (boil 400 g for two hours in 2 liters of water, strain, add 50 g laundry soap and dilute with water to 10 l).

To combat slugs, baits and traps are placed in the cabbage, and the garden bed is sprinkled around the perimeter of the crushed cabbage. eggshell and sifted river sand.

Possible difficulties when growing cabbage

Many gardeners are faced with the problem of cabbage not setting heads. The plant stretches upward, densely overgrown with foliage. The reasons may be the following:

late sowing of seeds (after March 10);
thickened plantings (thinning should be carried out);
excessive or poor watering (the problem can be solved by regular sprinkling watering, but make sure that there is no stagnation of moisture);
excess nitrogen fertilizers (during the formation of heads of cabbage, nitrogen fertilizers are completely excluded, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added).

White cabbage, properly grown and cared for in open ground, always produces a harvest of elastic and juicy heads of cabbage.

The nuances of harvesting cabbage

The timing of cabbage harvest depends on the variety and maturity of the vegetable:

early ripening varieties ripen already in late June - early July;
mid-season - by August;
late ripening - in October.

Checking the maturity of cabbage heads is quite simple - they become dense and crisp when slightly squeezed. Part of the harvest can be harvested gradually, spending it on current needs. Mass harvesting is carried out when there are no unripe bushes left in the garden bed.

Late varieties of cabbage are stored better if collected in dry, cool weather. When cutting a crop for storage, you need to leave several lower leaves and a stalk 4-5 cm long. This way they will be less susceptible to the development of rot and will last until the new harvest.

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Bottom line

Getting an excellent harvest is quite simple, because caring for cabbage in open ground does not require any special skills. You just need to follow simple recommendations at each stage of cultivation.

Preface

Planting cabbage is an important and special process for every gardener. After all, white cabbage is an integral part of our diet. all year round. Without it, it is impossible to imagine cabbage soup or borscht, as well as summer salads and a pantry shelf. Therefore, it is extremely important for the cabbage harvest to be a success, and for this you need to know the basic rules for planting white cabbage, providing it with appropriate care.

Before you start planting cabbage, you must first figure out what kind of vegetable you want to get - early ripeness for fresh summer salads or later, with stronger leaves for. After all, the final choice of variety will depend on this. In the first case, it is worth giving preference to varieties June, Golden hectare, Gift. But they are perfect for pickling Amager, Türkiz, Geneva and mid-season Anniversary. As for the timing of sowing early cabbage, it begins in the first days of March and ends in the twentieth. The mid-season variety is grown from April 25, and the late variety - from the beginning of April to the middle of the month.

White cabbage

If you have already decided on the variety and planting time, all you have to do is prepare the soil. First of all, it needs to be fertilized. They will help you with this wood ash and humus. Their quantity is one tablespoon per kilogram of soil. The composition of ash is a natural antiseptic that prevents the formation of blackleg on cabbage seedlings. In addition to humus, other natural components, such as peat, can be an excellent fertile base. The main thing is that in the end the soil should be loose and allow air to pass through well. But it is not recommended to use garden soil for seedlings, especially if other sacral crops were previously grown on it.

Remember, such soil can be very dangerous for young seedlings due to the high probability of diseases and pests accumulated in it, even if the vegetable is provided with maximum care. If you do not have time to prepare a nutritional mixture, you can use ready-made complex fertilizer Kemira Lux, adding it in the required quantity according to the instructions. Before planting seeds in the ground, they must be warmed up. For these purposes, use water heated to 50 degrees. The seeds are dipped in it for a quarter of an hour, after which they are dipped in cool water for another five minutes. Such a contrast shower increases resistance to the development of fungal diseases.

And to further strengthen the plant’s immunity and enhance its growth, special stimulants are used - Humates, Silk, Epin. It is recommended to soak the seeds in them for several hours. Before doing this, carefully read the instructions; soaking is not necessary for growing some varieties. Next, water the soil for sowing generously, deepen the seeds literally 1 cm and sprinkle them with soil. To ensure that cultivation takes place as intensively as possible, the soil is covered with film. This way, excess moisture will not evaporate. After this, we do not water the soil until the first shoots appear, while maintaining a constant temperature of 20 degrees.

If you did everything correctly, then already on the fifth day after planting the seeds, the first shoots should appear. As soon as this moment has arrived, we remove the film and also create new ones for the seedlings. temperature conditions– 6-10 degrees. We maintain this temperature regime until the first true leaf appears. Usually it takes no more than a week. When the first leaf begins to grow, raise the temperature to 14-18 degrees. During this period, the seedlings should be provided with maximum care, in particular a good flow of fresh air, while protecting them from drafts.

Young cabbage seedlings

To grow a plant successfully, you need a sufficient amount sunlight. Daylight hours for cabbage should be at least 12-15 hours. In greenhouse conditions this can be achieved through the use of fluorescent lamp. As for watering, it should be balanced, avoid drought and waterlogging. Do not forget to loosen the soil for better air penetration to the roots. And in order to increase the plant’s immunity during the period of intensive seedling growth, a week after the first shoots appear, water it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate, at the rate of three grams of substance per 10 liters of water.

After two weeks after the appearance of the first shoots and true leaves, a pick is made, which consists of transplanting the seedlings into separate cups. About an hour before such a transplant, the seedlings are watered abundantly, then the soil is allowed to dry a little, and then the seedling is carefully removed along with the earthen lump. In order for it to take root better in the new soil, its root is shortened by a third of its length. The best foundation A peat-humus mixture will be used for replanting. However, you can start growing seeds in individual containers and further caring for them from the very beginning. In this case, the likelihood of injury to the root system of the seedling decreases.

After picking, hardening begins, that is, preparing the plant for natural growing conditions. So, in the first 2 days in the room where the seedlings are growing, open the window for 3-4 hours, while observing measures to protect it from drafts. Then, for a couple of hours a day, the pots with seedlings are placed in direct sunlight, not forgetting to cover the fragile seedlings with gauze. After about a week, watering is reduced, gradually preparing it for the next transplant into open ground.

Before you start planting seedlings in open ground, you should understand the appropriate one. This plant grows especially well near groundwater. But cabbage does not tolerate waterlogged and acidic soils. The best option The soil is considered slightly acidic. If the acidity is higher, be sure to do liming. However, soil fertility criteria also depend on the early maturity of the variety. Early and mid-ripening varieties of white cabbage are considered the least whimsical, which cannot be said about late-ripening crops. Therefore, for the first and second options, growing on loamy and sandy soils is quite suitable, and for the last one, loamy and clayey soil.

White cabbage seedlings

Moreover, to achieve high yield This will also not be enough for late-ripening varieties. Care must be taken to introduce organic and mineral fertilizers. The most whimsical in this regard hybrid varieties late ripeness. To get a high yield, you will need to apply fifty percent more mineral fertilizers than usual. It is also important to follow agricultural cultivation techniques. In particular, this applies to the place where seedlings are planted. You should not choose areas where cabbage crops previously grew (turnips, radishes, kohlrabi, turnips, rutabaga, white mustard). Before such areas can be used again, at least 3 years must pass.

Preparing the area for planting cabbage should be planned in advance. In the first autumn days, dig up the soil thoroughly, but do not try to level it. Thanks to digging and unevenness, moisture will be able to saturate the soil well in winter. But in the spring, after the snow melts, carefully level the top layer of soil for rapid evaporation excess moisture. Soon after the first buds, weeds will appear on the trees. They must be uprooted and burned.

Depending on the ripeness of cabbage, the very moment when it needs to be planted in open ground is determined. For example, planting early cabbage occurs when the seedlings have the first 5-7 leaves, and their height reaches 12-20 cm, and mid-season and late cabbage- if there are 4-6 leaves and a height of 15-20 cm. Planting of early cabbage is planned for the beginning of May, mid-season varieties - at the end of May-mid-June, and late varieties - in the middle and end of June. To make it comfortable for vegetables to grow on personal plot, a certain planting pattern is also observed:

for hybrid and early varieties– 30×40 cm;
for mid-season varieties – 50×60 cm;
for late varieties of white cabbage – 60×70 cm.

Planting cabbage in the garden

Such indicators are the most optimal. You should not plant too densely; growing cabbage requires free space and good access to sunlight, so in this case the planting pattern is extremely important. The holes for planting seedlings should be deep enough, approximately the height of a shovel, because mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as other fertilizers. As for the width of the hole, it should be slightly larger than the size of the earthen ball of seedlings.

In each cavity we place two handfuls of humus or manure, a handful of sand or peat, as well as 50 g of wood ash and 1 tsp. nitrophoska. Lightly mix all these fertilizers and pour plenty of water on them so that they react with each other. If you are planting in sunny weather, leave the soil to dry out, this is especially advisable when using manure. This way the earth will warm up enough and will promote the rapid growth of white cabbage.

Sprinkle a layer of fertilizer on top with a thin layer of soil and plant the seedlings together with a lump of earth in the soil, carefully compact it and lightly press it to the ground so that the roots take the correct direction. If you feel that the root system is weak or slightly damaged, we recommend lightly dusting the earthen ball before planting Kornevin. This root formation stimulator will help minimize the risk of white cabbage not germinating. At the end, the seedlings need to be watered generously around the area, avoiding getting it on the leaves.

First of all, after planting the seedlings, make sure that they do not bend too much towards the ground. If this still happens after watering, the seedlings need to be seated in place. During the first week, water the seedlings every evening using a watering can with a divider. If there is no frost during the growing period, the cover can be removed at night. Further care will consist of regular watering, loosening the soil, weeding, applying the necessary fertilizers and pollinating white cabbage from pests and fungal diseases. And another 21 days after planting, hilling is done, repeating the procedure after 10 days.

Watering cabbage

Due to the fact that the plant loves moisture, maintaining watering is very important. In order for it to remain in the soil longer, it is advisable to water it in the evening. In hot weather, seedlings need to be watered every 2-3 days, and in cloudy weather - once every 5-6 days. After this, be sure to loosen the soil, allowing a flow of fresh air and moisture to better penetrate the root system. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to use soil mulching, lining the seedlings with a layer of peat about 5 cm thick. It simultaneously nourishes the plant and allows it to retain moisture in the soil longer, thus providing maximum care for the plant.

As for fertilizing, they also do not stop after planting in the ground. An ammonium nitrate solution prepared at the rate of 10 g of the substance per 10 liters of water is ideal. This amount is enough for 5-6 bushes of white cabbage seedlings. Further care involves fertilizing when the cabbage heads begin to form; do this with a mineral solution consisting of 4 g of urea, 5 g double superphosphate and 8 g of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water.

As you can see, growing white cabbage requires uneven application of fertilizers. At first, it actively needs nitrogen, and during the formation of a head of cabbage, it needs potassium and phosphorus. In addition, proper care and timely application of such fertilizers will have a beneficial effect not only on a high yield, but also on the plant’s resistance to changes in weather conditions and fungal diseases.

An important point in caring for white cabbage is treating the seedlings against pests. The greatest effectiveness is shown by dusting the leaves with ash with the addition of tobacco dust, with their preliminary treatment with a solution of laundry soap. This method helps repel garden slugs and fleas that love to feed on the succulent leaves of the plant. Plus, it's absolutely safe.

Infusion against cabbage pests

Among the others traditional methods, which have proven themselves in eliminating dangerous pests, such as aphids, caterpillars, we will extract an infusion from tomato tops. To prepare it, you will need to take 2 kg of tomato tops, pour 5 liters of water into it and leave it to steep for 3-4 hours. After this time, the infusion is allowed to boil for 3 hours and cool slightly. The concentrated infusion is diluted with water in proportions 1:2. In order for such a solution to stick better to the leaves, and therefore have a longer lasting effect, it is worth adding 20-30 g of grated tar soap to it before use.

An infusion of onion peels has similar properties. You will need a liter jar of husks, which will need to be filled with 2 liters of boiling water and left to steep for two days. At the end of the infusion process, filter the liquid and dilute it with an equal amount of water, and for better stickiness, add two tablespoons of liquid soap.

Gardeners fight other cabbage pests, such as the larvae of winter cutworms, cabbage flies and chafers, in a simple but very in an effective way- bait. Moreover, it is arranged not for the pests themselves, but for the ants, who are their first enemies. To do this, add a small jar of sweet water, diluting a couple of tablespoons of honey or jam in it. The ants, attracted by such a delicacy, eat the larvae and neutralize their harmful effects on the cabbage. In addition to spraying and ants, you can fight insect pests by planting fragrant aromatic plants. Planting marigolds, sage, cilantro, rosemary, basil, and mint works well to repel aphids, caterpillars, flea beetles and slugs. Take this into account when providing proper care to white cabbage.

Despite its apparent unpretentiousness, cabbage is quite sensitive to changes in growing conditions; sometimes sharp temperature fluctuations or improper watering are enough to jeopardize the death of the entire crop. It is especially important to follow the rules of sowing, growing, and caring for beginning gardeners, because any difficulties or obstacles can deprive you of peace of mind and faith in your life for a long time. own strength. Today we will talk about the difficulties associated with growing cabbage in open ground, and how to overcome them in order to achieve a rich harvest.

Most of us are most familiar with traditional white cabbage, but there are many varieties of this vegetable: cauliflower and broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Peking cabbage, Savoy, etc. But most often in Russian gardens you can find white and red varieties.

Video “Planting in open ground”

From the video you will learn how to effectively plant cabbage in open ground.

The main rules for growing in open ground

Grow good cabbage growing in open ground is actually not as easy as it might seem; the vegetable here faces many dangers, from pests to soil moisture. Factors such as temperature fluctuations or the properties of the soil itself also influence the result. In addition, you should take into account the illumination of the area - it is better to plant cabbage in sunny beds.

Pay attention to which vegetables were the predecessors of cabbage - tomato, radish or beets are not suitable for this. The fact is that these crops deplete the soil as much as possible, as a result of which the cabbage yield will not be at all what you expect.

It is best to plant seedlings in those beds where legumes, potatoes or cucumbers previously grew. The acidity of the soil also does not have the best effect on the harvest - cabbage does not like it, so measures should be taken in advance to reduce the content of acidic substances.

Sowing and caring for seeds

Speaking about how to grow cabbage, first of all it should be noted that sowing seeds directly into the garden bed is categorically not encouraged: the crop is grown by seedlings. The seeds are sown in small containers, and the grown and strengthened shoots are transferred to the ground when the weather is warm.

To grow good viable seedlings, you need to choose the right soil: it must contain a large number of peat

The seedlings need to be pricked, but you can skip this step. In order for cabbage to develop well, growing and caring for it in open ground must be properly organized: both seedlings and adult plants need proper watering - excess moisture leads to rotting of the root system, and lack of moisture causes the sprout to dry out, or lead to a halt in development. The same goes for temperature regime or lighting - when it is cold and there is not enough light around, the sprouts stretch and weaken.

It is noteworthy that crops do not germinate immediately: in the first weeks after sowing, the crop develops very slowly, and the first pair of leaves may appear on the 25th day.

Landing in the ground

In order for the harvest to please you, do not plant it on open garden bed weak seedlings: only strong plants that have acquired a dark green color and have already produced two pairs of leaves can be transferred to open ground. The scheme for planting plants is as follows; between them you need to maintain a distance of about half a meter, and to retreat 80 cm to the next row.

When planting, in addition to the obligatory moistening of the prepared hole, you need to apply fertilizer. Compost is best suited for this. After compacting the soil with the sprout, it is watered abundantly again to help rooting. Be sure to make sure that the growth point of the seedling is not below ground level; by filling it up, you doom the plant to death.

Care

If the planting process was successful, your seedlings have taken root safely, you can relax for a while, now no special care for the cabbage will be required. All you need to do is remember to maintain a moisture regime (water your cabbage beds moderately 2-3 times a week). After some time, the number of waterings can be reduced to one, but then it should be plentiful. Experienced gardeners recommend not using root watering, but providing sprinkling, then you will moisten not only the soil itself, but also the air around the plant.

You also need to take care of the soil in the cabbage bed, regularly loosen it, remove weeds and make sure that pests do not appear. Remember, many insects pose a danger to cabbage, so you need to deal with them as soon as the problem is noticed. We must not forget about the need for regular fertilizing: the first time you need to apply fertilizer no earlier than 14 days after planting. permanent place in open ground. The second time - two more weeks later, to support developing plant. Subsequently, fertilizing should be done as needed, but you should not be overzealous so as not to harm the plants.

In order for your cabbage to grow as it should, planting and especially caring for it in open ground must be constant, because, like any garden crop, it needs care and attention. You also need to choose the right moment for harvesting: despite the cold resistance of cabbage, and the possible cutting of forks even when frost sets in, you should not unnecessarily delay harvesting: overripe cabbage will certainly crack. If you collect it ahead of time, the forks cannot avoid withering, loss of presentation and taste.

These are all the simple rules, the observance of which will help you get the harvest of your dreams, and will not cause much trouble during the entire time of growing your favorite vegetable. Remember that deviation from at least one of the requirements is fraught with negative consequences that can not only deprive you of the long-awaited harvest, but also discourage you from gardening forever. Don’t risk your own nerves and worries, do everything right, and have a good harvest!

Video “Care”

From the video you will learn how to properly care for cabbage.

Various types of cabbage, traditional and exotic, are grown in domestic gardens. The white variety of this vegetable is used in folk cooking and medicine. It is cultivated in open ground and bears rich fruits when proper care. Although this unpretentious plant, there are secrets to planting and growing it.

Cabbage in open ground produces excellent yields

Varieties

The varieties of white cabbage grown are as follows:

early (ripen 2-3 months after planting and with appropriate care);
medium (removed after 3-5 months);
late (after six months).

Preparation

White cabbage is planted in open ground as seedlings. She does not withstand transplantation well. It can be grown in peat tablets or pots, soil mixtures are also prepared (peat, turf soil and sand, 1 part each). The grown seedlings are planted after one and a half to two months, when they have developed and become stronger with proper care. Early disembarkation is also possible. Its advantage is that such shoots take root faster.

Cabbage seeds are sown for seedlings from late winter (February) to late spring (May). The exact time depends on the variety and purpose of cultivation:

early varieties are sown in early spring;
average - in March and early April;
late - from the end of February or beginning of March.

Avoid growing early varieties in open ground at low temperatures - in such conditions, flowering occurs or the inner stalk is pulled out.

Before sowing, the seeds are prepared. They are placed in warm water (50 degrees) for a quarter of an hour, then transferred to cold water for one minute. After 12 hours, keep the seed material in a solution of microelements, wash it under running water clean water and put it in the refrigerator for a day.

If you plant cabbage too early, it may bloom.

It is recommended to sow seeds for seedlings in greenhouses under the sun's rays. At night the temperature is low, but during the day it is high enough for cabbage sprouts to develop. With this hardening, the seedlings are grown strong and ready for planting in open ground. Shoots sprout at the end of the second week.

When two true leaves appear, the seedlings are fed using the foliar method. Half a tablet of microelements is dissolved in a liter of water (alternatively, half a teaspoon of complex nutrition with microelements). Spray the sprouts with this liquid.

When hardening begins, a second foliar feeding is carried out. The seedlings are sprayed with a solution of potassium sulfate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), for each sprout - 200 ml of solution.

Disembarkation

To grow strong, tasty produce, choose the right soil: not too loose, but not too dense. It is recommended to avoid light sandy, acidic and waterlogged soils. The best option- floodplains.

This vegetable is light-loving and is planted on southern and southeastern open slopes. The secrets to getting a rich harvest are 17-18 hours of daylight. With this lighting, vegetables grow and develop quickly. Among the predecessors are carrots, potatoes, onions and grains. Scheme for planting white cabbage seedlings (in cm):

for early varieties - 50 to 50;
for medium ones – 60 to 60;
for later ones – 70 to 70.

A temperature of 15-18 degrees is suitable for the growth of these vegetables. Seedlings are planted with 5-6 leaves. In the first days they are advised to be shaded. Three weeks after planting, the beds are hilled. This procedure is repeated after 10 days.

Gardeners do not recommend rushing to plant seedlings in open ground if the weather is cool. White cabbage planted at low temperatures produces a shoot with seeds within a month. To grow a crop from seedlings of early varieties, they are planted at the beginning, and from late varieties - at the end of May.

Cabbage is planted in open ground when the danger of cold weather has passed.

Seedless method

In this case, the growing technology consists of sowing seeds in open ground. In such plants, a more developed root system is formed, and the growing season is reduced by two weeks. However, such seedlings require more diligent care. This method is suitable for growing mid-late and late varieties of white cabbage.

Caring for vegetables planted in this way is the same as caring for seedlings: gardeners loosen the soil in the rows, fight weeds and pests, and water the beds.

Caring for cabbage involves loosening the soil and removing weeds.

First period

Seedlings planted in open ground are treated against cruciferous flea beetle. To do this, it is sprinkled with dry wood ash. If the weather is rainy, then sprinkle once a day. To protect the crop from caterpillars, it is sprayed with chemicals or eggs and caterpillars are collected by hand (in a small area).

Also, for preventive purposes, plantings are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and the soil is watered and loosened the next day (to a depth of 8 cm).

White cabbage is harmed by lack of moisture. It grows poorly, the formation of heads of cabbage slows down and their size decreases, and the leaves become hard. Having planted the sprouts, they are watered every 2-3 days (8 liters of liquid per 1 square meter). Then water once every 7 days (13 liters per 1 square meter). If there is excess moisture, leaf growth slows down, a waxy coating appears, and the root system rots. The harvest is dying.

Planting care includes fertilizing. It is recommended to use liquid mullein for this purpose. Another type of fertilizer is wood ash, which is sprinkled on cabbage leaves and soil. It is also a pest repellent.

In order for the head of cabbage to form correctly, the cabbage must be watered regularly.

Second and third periods

This stage begins with the development of leaves and continues until the formation of the head. Care is the same as during the first period. The plants continue to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers, the rows are loosened and watered.

Pest control is important: herbal decoctions and infusions (from tomato leaves, wormwood) are used against caterpillars. Aphids are fought with garlic or dandelion infusion. The third period begins when the ranks close. Care at this time is watering and loosening.

Collection and storage

The harvest is harvested after the first frost, from minus 2 to 7 degrees (if the temperature drops below, the heads of cabbage will freeze and their keeping quality will deteriorate). It is recommended to stop watering 20-25 days before harvesting so that fiber accumulates in the heads of cabbage. This white cabbage is tasty and juicy, and this procedure guarantees the safety of the harvest.

The cabbage heads are carefully cut off, leaving a 2 cm stump and a few green leaves on the surface (they are removed in December). The heads of cabbage are moved to a storage location (cellar, basement). Sometimes they are pre-wrapped in paper, which helps prevent them from drying out.

Store harvested at a temperature not lower than +2 degrees.

Growing cabbage in open ground and caring for it does not require much effort, but certain technology must be followed. If you follow the rules, you will reap a rich harvest and create reserves for the winter.

This is one of the most popular, which can be found in almost every garden, but not everyone manages to get a rich and high-quality harvest. In this article we will get acquainted with proper cultivation with the rules for planting and caring for it in the open ground.

Brief description and best varieties

This is a biennial vegetable belonging to the cruciferous plant family. Its thick greenish leaves adhere closely to each other and form a spherical head of cabbage. contains many useful minerals and vitamins.

Today, a huge number of different varieties of this vegetable are grown in our country, but I would like to note the following varieties: “Avak F1”, “Dita”, “Olympus”, “Sonya F1”, “Delta”, “Meridor F1”, “Snow White” , "The Kitano Line".

Planting seeds for seedlings

To get strong and healthy, you need to know how to choose good seeds and how to sow them correctly.

Seed selection and substrate preparation

The seeds you choose will determine what kind of harvest you get. When choosing seeds for seedlings, you need to decide what you need it for - for fresh summer salads or late for a long winter one: this is the main selection criterion.

For getting good harvest It is important to prepare the correct substrate for future seedlings. A universal substrate can be purchased at the store or made yourself: to do this, you need to mix equal parts of turf soil and then add one glass per 10 kg of soil mixture. Ash serves as a source necessary elements and as a prophylactic against.

Sowing

Before sowing seeds, they should harden, to increase resistance to To do this, the seeds are first heated for 15 minutes in warm water up to 55°C, and then immerse them in cold water for 4 minutes.

After hardening, the seeds need to be immersed for a couple of hours - this could be something else. Some varieties cannot be wetted before sowing, so be sure to read the instructions on the package.

When the seeds are ready, they need to be placed in the soil to a depth of 1-1.5 cm and watered once - the next watering is carried out after the sprouts appear. To retain moisture, the soil must be covered with film. Seeds should be stored until germination at a temperature from +18°C to +22°C.

Seedling care

Seeds begin to germinate on average in 5 days. After this, it is necessary to remove the film coating and lower the temperature to +5-10°C. After the first full leaf appears, the temperature should be increased to +15-18°C during the daytime and +5-10°C at night. During this period, seedlings need in ventilation, but you need to make sure that there are no drafts that have a detrimental effect on the plant.

How to water

The seedlings need to be watered in the evening: if the weather is cloudy outside, then watering is carried out every 5 days; if the heat lasts for a long time, then you need to water it every 2 days. After watering, be sure to loosen the soil and hill up the seedlings.

Important!The mulch layer should not be less than 5 cm thick.

Top dressing

A week and a half after transplanting into open ground, white cabbage seedlings need to be fertilized. For this, a mixture with 2 g of fertilizer based on, 3 g, 3 g is suitable - dissolve all this in a liter of water: this amount can be enough for 50 seedlings. The second feeding is carried out after 12-14 days. The ingredients are the same, but only their dosage is doubled.

If you do not have the opportunity to prepare such a mixture yourself, then you can simply purchase some for cabbage at a farm store. When the leaves begin to actively grow, it is recommended to fertilize the plant by preparing 10 g of water per bucket: water with this solution should be at the rate of 2 liters per seedling.

The following is carried out when forming a head of cabbage - for this you will need: