I greet you friends and readers of the site "Electrician in the House". Life today modern man cannot be imagined without modern technologies such as internet, television, mobile phone, home Appliances. All these devices fill our lives with comfort and coziness. As you know, all electrical appliances have one general characteristics They need mains power.
The network, in turn, is a web of wires and cables placed along the structures of buildings (walls and ceilings) and connected through protection devices.
For the safe operation of electrical wiring, the cable during installation must be securely and correctly fixed to these structures, so in today's article we will analyze such a question as what devices and technologies are used in this case.
Although the question seems trivial at first glance, people often come to me asking for advice on which method is best? It all depends on the situation and how the wiring is installed. Today there are a lot of methods and ways from all kinds of dowels, clamps and clips to banal homemade wire fasteners. Let's look at all the pros and cons of each of them.
The most practical cable tie
As I said, depending on the method of installation of electrical wiring, the attachment of the cable to a particular base also depends.
If the wiring is hidden, then it is important to securely fix the wires in the strobe so that they do not interfere with future finishing and plastering of the walls.
For open wiring they try to choose methods and accessories that are less visible to the eye and do not attract attention.
Also, the fastening of the cable depends on the methods of finishing in the room. For example, if the ceilings in the apartment are suspended or suspended, and the cable runs go exactly along the ceiling, then there is no need to make strobes on it and cover up the wires in them (they will hide under the decorative trim anyway).
What tools will be needed to securely fasten the cable to the wall? The surfaces that you have to work with can be made of concrete, brick, wood, so the minimum set of tools is a hammer drill, drill or screwdriver.
dowel cable tie
Such fasteners are designed to fix a single cable. Fastening the cable dowel with a clamp is very simple. To do this, we just need a puncher and a concrete drill with a diameter of 6 mm. First, a hole is drilled in the concrete required depth(depending on the length of the dowel itself), then the clamp is opened and the cable is laid in it, after which the clamp is pushed into the hole.
Notches are made on the sides of the clamp at an angle, which prevents it from falling out of the wall. If the size of the drill and collar are chosen correctly, then the dowel will never fall out of the hole.
dowel cable tie can be in two versions: for flat and round cables.
The positive aspects are the low cost, fast way installation, reliability of fixation (you can be sure that the cable will not break under its own weight).
Using the dowel clamp, the cable can be fastened to concrete, brick, foam block, decorative stone. Suitable for both open and hidden fixing of wires.
Mounting platform for cable fixing
The made in the form of a square platform. May be square or more oblong. I prefer the second option as they are more durable. Inside there is mounting hole for fastening. Sometimes in stores you can find the abbreviation as PMO ( platform with mounting hole).
Installation is also not difficult. To begin with, a hole is drilled in concrete with a diameter of 6 mm, an ordinary dowel is inserted into it and the platform is attached to the base (wall or ceiling) with a self-tapping screw.
Then we take an ordinary nylon tie and fasten the cable to the site with it. This method allows fix multiple wires and cables to one site. This means that fewer holes need to be drilled, which accordingly speeds up the installation process.
A positive aspect is ease of use, quick installation, the ability to attach several cables to the site at the same time.
Dowel for bandage
By appearance has something in common between a dowel and a self-tapping screw. Made from plastic. The mounting head is equipped with a hole through which the cable tie can be inserted and the cable fixed.
The principle of installation is similar to the previous methods. We drill a hole with a diameter of 6 mm and hammer a bandage into it. Then we pass a screed through the hole and tie a cable or a group of cables.
To be honest, I have not tried to fix the cable to the wall with such a bandage, so I can’t say anything about them.
Dowel cable tie
Dowel coupler or as it is also called a clamp with a dowel is a convenient and versatile device. The device consists of two elements assembled into one: a dowel and a clamp (tie). This simplifies the installation process.
In order to assemble this type of fastener, it is necessary to compress the two halves of the dowel and fix them with a special latch lock.
The dowel screed is ready for installation.
The dowel itself is fixed in the wall plastic peg, which acts as a self-tapping screw. The installation process is also quite simple. Drilling a hole in concrete or brick wall, then insert the dowel screed into it and hammer in the spacer peg. Everything - fasteners are securely fixed.
Now we tighten the screed and tie the wires.
Cable tie with hole
In addition to conventional nylon ties cable ties have one addition, the latter have an additional screw hole for attaching it to the surface of walls and ceilings. The cost of such fasteners is commensurate with the cost of conventional dowel clamps. During installation, it should be remembered that the screed does not open after tightening.
Fastening the cable to the wall with hole ties is also quite simple. We drill a hole in the wall, insert the dowel, take a self-tapping screw and fix the screed to the base.
After that, you can tie a wire or a group of wires with a clamp. The disadvantage of this method is the inability to shift or release the wires, for this you need to tear off the screed and install a new one.
Cable clamp
Cable clamps are available in plastic and metal.
Plastic cable clamp
As a rule, it is applied to open installation of single cables. The plastic bracket is equipped with a nail for fixing, therefore it is suitable for mounting on soft surfaces such as wood, chipboard, plastic (you cannot drive such a nail into concrete).
During my practice, I often saw this method of fastening television and telephone cables. Providers are very fond of using plastic brackets for fastening an Internet cable.
In general, if the repair has already been completed and you need to carefully lay the cable over the baseboard, this perfect option- simple and cheap.
Metal clips for cable fastening
Typically, this method is used for fastening of cables laid in a metal sleeve. Metal brackets have a hole for fasteners on one or both sides. The size of the brackets can be selected depending on the diameter of the metal hose. Excellent resistance to mechanical stress, suitable for "holding" heavy cables.
The advantage is "reusability". You can easily replace, shift, add-remove the cable, just unscrew the screw.
Cable clips
Such a cable fastener is suitable if the wiring is carried out in corrugation or plastic pvc pipes.
If the laying of cable routes for electrical wiring is carried out according to concrete wall, then the clips are mounted on the dowel. If the surface is made of wood, then the clips can be fastened on ordinary wood screws.
The size of the clips is selected in accordance with the diameter of the corrugation or plastic pipes. This method of cable fasteners has one plus - the clips can be assembled into a single unit. If you look closely, there are special grooves (locks) on the side of the clip. With their help, the clips are securely joined to each other. Thus, several cable routes can be laid side by side at the same time, and the wiring will be even and neat.
Homemade cable fasteners
When there is no suitable clamp at hand, pads or staples can be made homemade cable ties. Enough to be smart. And ingenuity, as you know, our man is much.
What materials will be needed to make homemade fasteners? Single-core or two-core wire (preferably PPV) and self-tapping dowel.
It is necessary to cut pieces of wire 5-7 cm each and thread a self-tapping screw in the middle of the cut pieces. If the wire is single-core, simply wrap the dowel cap.
It is necessary to use a wire with a solid core (a stranded core will not give you the need for rigid fixation).
There are several advantages of such fasteners:
- - ease of installation;
- - you can tie up one or more cables at the same time;
- - opportunity reusable(you can quickly detach or bandage this mount);
- - cheapness.
This is what it looks like homemade cable attachment to the wall. As you can see, nothing complicated. By the way, instead of a wire, you can use any material, for example, a thin galvanized tape.
That's all dear friends, not all installation methods were mentioned here, but only the main ones. Perhaps some of you have used methods in your practice that were not mentioned in this article, please share with me and all readers will be interested to know.
During the construction of the house, the installation of electrical wiring is carried out in a hidden way, under plaster. Complete replacement of electrical wiring, as a rule, is carried out during overhaul. In this case, strobes are made in the wall, into which the wire is laid.
But what to do when there is no opportunity or desire to engage in dusty wall chasing? Or do you need to connect a newly installed powerful electrical appliance, such as a water heater? In this case, many choose open way laying electrical wiring, and fastening to the wall is carried out using a cable channel.
Types of cable channels
Several criteria are used to classify a cable channel:
- Size. There are small products for laying one small wire or box large sizes, designed to fix up to eight conductors of various sections on the wall;
- Manufacturing material. They produce aluminum, steel and plastic structures. For indoor installation more in demand plastic models, and the fastening of steel and aluminum boxes is more often used when laying electrical wiring along the facade of the house;
- Location. The cable channel can be fixed in several places. The design of the product adapts as much as possible depending on the installation site. There are plinth, parapet, trunk and floor models.
Note! By color design cable channel most often has a neutral White color suitable for any finish. Models imitating a wooden structure are also popular.
Mounting technology
To facilitate the connection of the profile, use the manufacturer's additional elements: T-shaped and corner structures, strip connectors, various taps and other accessories.
For mounting sockets and switches, it is best to use overhead versions of these products or use models of boxes with built-in structures.
Fastening a wire to a wall inside buildings and structures is a hidden or open laying of a single cable or a group of conductors. Walls are a kind of springboard for placing electrically conductive products on it. The reliability of fixing cable lines depends on right choice fasteners for wires.
Fasteners for wire and cable on the wall
Modern materials and technology allow you to quickly and reliably conduct electrically conductive connections along vertical fences and ceilings. Clamps for fastening cable products of different cross-sections to fences made of concrete, brick and wood:
- dowel-screed for a single cable;
- screed with a hole for the dowel;
- installation site;
- polymer dowel with a through head;
- clip for corrugation;
- bracket;
- self-adhesive pad;
- nails for mounting.
Dowel-screed
There are two types of clamps for flat and round cables. A dowel-screed is a curly plastic strip folded in half. The shape of the fold may look like an opening for a flat or round wire of a certain size.
The cable is fixed to the wall using an impact drill or puncher. The cable is pulled into the opening of the product, its flattened ends are inserted into the finished recess to failure. The ribbed surface of the dowel provides reliable adhesion to the wall.
Screed with dowel hole
As a fastener for fixing electrical wiring of a small cross section, therefore, small specific gravity, use ties with a hole for the dowel. Recesses are drilled along the line of the route, into which dowels are driven in, having previously threaded them into the holes of the screeds. After that, the cable is pulled, alternately tightening the ties on it.
Mounting area
The original design of the mounting platform allows you to quickly conduct wiring along vertical fences in a wooden house. To do this, you will need a screwdriver with a drill ø 6 mm. Plastic holders suitable for any wire section shape. Platforms are attached to the surface of the walls with screws. Nylon locking tapes are pulled through the side openings of the clamps, which tighten the wiring. On vertical fences made of concrete or brick, the platforms are mounted after drilling holes with a perforator.
Polymer dowel with a through head
A simple-looking product allows you to quickly create points for fixing electrical wiring on walls made of any material. The dowel is pressed into the hole, a locking tape is pulled through the opening of the head, with which the wire is then pulled together.
Clip for corrugation
Corrugation fasteners look like a two-legged or one-legged grip (clip). The corrugated casing can carry a group of wires with subsequent wiring for electricity consumers. Fastening the corrugation to the walls should not deform the casing. The clips firmly and securely cover the flexible hose. The clamps are nailed to the fences with dowel-nails. The corrugation is inserted into the clips until the paws tightly cover the hose.
brace
The cable fastener is shaped like the ancient Greek letter Omega. Metal cable clamps are mainly used to accommodate electrical wiring enclosed in a metal corrugation.
Staples are selected according to the diameter of the cross section of the wire hose. Installation of brackets on the walls is carried out with dowels or screws, depending on the structure of the fences. They are fixed as the cable is pulled.
Important! The corrugation is fastened with ties to the suspensions that hold the frame of the suspended ceiling. You don't need to drill anything. In the same way, the ceiling laying of single cables and wires is fixed.
Self-adhesive pad
This is the same mounting platform, at the base of which there is no hole, and the back side is covered with adhesive.
Nails for mounting
Fasteners are used for mounting cable lines of a TV signal, Internet and telephony. The latch is a plastic bracket with an opening for a wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm. A nail is threaded through a vertical hole in the bracket, which is hammered into a dense surface of wood, plywood, plaster, etc.
Using mounting guns
This type of equipment is mainly used by professionals. A mounting gun can fix up to hundreds of meters of cable during a work shift. The unit uses the energy of compressed inert gas. The gun has a special cavity into which a clip of clamps is inserted. Load the tool with a cassette of ten cartridges, which are plastic pads with a threaded metal dowel nail.
The trunk of the unit is movable. To fire a shot, you need to press the muzzle against the wall, otherwise the fuse will not allow you to pull the trigger. Dowel nails for concrete and steel are available in lengths of 30 mm and 36 mm.
Do-it-yourself cable fastening
The operation of the mounting gas gun requires special operator training. The owner of a residential or other object can completely perform the fastening of wires to walls and ceilings with a perforator on his own.
If there is no need to take care of the interior of the room or the exterior of the facade of the house, then the wiring with a small specific gravity is fixed on the walls with lumps of building mixture. Basically, the fixing composition consists of alabaster. The advantage of the method is that the cable is fixed on the fence with a plastic mass. Literally within 10-15 seconds, the mixture hardens, gaining bearing capacity.
Fastening with a dowel-clamp (UW or sign)
The cable is fixed to the wall using a perforator. The wire is pulled into the opening of the clamp, and the free ends of the dowel are squeezed into the finished recess until it stops. The ribbed surface of the fastener provides reliable grip with the fence.
Fastening the cable to the wall with brackets
They are used to accommodate electrical networks on concrete, brick and wooden walls. Steel brackets hold electrical wiring laid in a metal corrugation. In all other cases, plastic products are used. Cable steel fasteners are screwed to the tree with self-tapping screws. to concrete and brickwork clamps are nailed with dowels using a puncher or construction pistol.
How to fix cable to concrete without drilling
Drilling can be dispensed with only in one case. This is the shooting of staples or other fixators with dowel-nails with a construction gun. An exception is the method of fastening with a building mixture, and then it is effective only for power cables of a small specific gravity.
About other mounting methods
Home craftsmen do not bother with the purchase of factory-made fasteners, they make it with their own hands. Before installing the wire on the wall, strips of tin are cut. Holes are drilled in them. A plastic rod is inserted into the hole in the wall. The screw is threaded through the metal strip and screwed into the dowel. The cable is fixed by bending the ends of the strips.
A few notes on laying
- The gap between the support points of the electrical wiring should be such that the cable sag is no more than 5-10 mm.
- Open mounting of plastic fasteners is done in places where there is no exposure to ultraviolet radiation, aggressive environments and temperature changes.
- If the wiring can be subject to accidental mechanical stress, then it is hidden in cable channels or placed in strobes.
- Do not attach a power cable that is energized.
Note! home wiring It has small area cross-section, so its laying does not cause any particular difficulties. Required minimum experience ownership of construction power tools (this is a hammer drill, screwdriver and drill).
Options for attaching a wire inside a home
Creating hidden electrical wiring
Closed wiring is carried out in several ways.
In brick walls
In vertical fences in masonry, perforators cut out channels with a width and depth equal to the total cross section of the electrical wiring. It is pinpointed with alabaster. Then the strobes are covered with a layer of plaster.
in reinforced concrete panels
Knowing the location of the voids inside the reinforced concrete structures, two windows are made in the slab: an outlet and an inlet. Using a cable or cord, the wires are pulled through cavities in reinforced concrete. If the layer of plaster is thick enough, then a strobe is cut through it and a cable is laid. Then the channel is plastered.
In a monolithic wall
As indicated in the above options, they do only one way. Perforator - strobe.
Creating exposed wiring
In an open way, the wires are laid using the fasteners described at the beginning of the article. The main thing is that the wire products at the support points should not come into contact with metal parts (dowels, nails, screws and self-tapping screws).
Velcro wire attachment
Velcro is used in places where drilling the wall is undesirable or unacceptable. The platforms are glued to the surface of the fences, having previously removed protective film. The wire or antenna cable is clamped with a nylon tie, threaded into the grooves of the platform.
How to fix the wire in the strobe
- Alabaster - quickly and reliably;
- Dowel clamps are used when it is necessary to separate one cable from the entire group of conductors;
- Dowel-ties in the strobe group the wires into separate branches;
- Cable ties for dowels are used in vertical channels to hold heavy electrical wiring;
- A plastic dowel for a screed in strobes is practically not used due to its low bearing capacity;
- Groups of wires are reinforced with aluminum plates in areas where the strobe changes its direction.
Fastening the cable channel with dowel-nails
Tool and equipment
To install cable channels, you will need screwdrivers, a rubber hammer, a screwdriver and a puncher. To fit polymer sections and galvanized steel trays at the joints, you will need a hacksaw and metal shears.
Cable channel fastening technology
- Before installing the boxes, all protrusions are removed from the surface of walls and ceilings, cleaned of dust and dirt.
- According to the wiring diagram, the boxes are cut into the desired segments, and corner fittings are prepared.
- On the fences, the central axis of the gasket is marked with a marker. Applying the sections, holes are drilled in the fence with a puncher, then the dowel-nails are driven in with a hammer.
- Cables or wires are laid in the box.
- Cable channels are closed with covers.
Ceiling wiring
Before installing the false ceiling, the cable is attached to the ceiling with brackets, clamps with consoles. Electrical wiring inside metal profile ceiling frame or attached to hangers with nylon ties.
They often make the mistake of hanging wires on dowels, clamps and other plastic clamps. Over time, gravity can cause the cable to pull the polymer retainers out of their sockets.
Additional Information. To avoid violations and errors in the ceiling laying of cables, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of a particular type of fastener and its suitability for installation in such conditions. If you still have doubts about the choice of clamps, then it does not hurt to consult a specialist. A professional will tell you how best to fix the wire on the ceiling and wall.
Attaching the cable to a wooden wall
Wood - soft material. Attaching wires to it does not cause much difficulty. There is no need for a hammer drill, it is enough to get a screwdriver or a drill. Despite its malleability, the tree has a good bearing capacity. For attaching a cable to wooden wall you can apply several methods of open fixing of electrical wiring.
Fixing with mortar
This method is rarely used. Basically, the wires are fixed with a building mixture between the logs of the log house in utility rooms. There is nothing to say about the aesthetics of the interior.
Dowel clamp
Fasteners require a minimum depth of 30 mm, this is not always possible due to the small thickness of the wooden cladding. However, if you wish, you can use this method.
Staples
This is the most acceptable option. Staples are fastened with screws, which the wood holds well.
Other ways
Home craftsmen come up with various home-made clamps, sometimes not caring about the safety of fasteners. It is best to use factory-made products.
Despite the variety of types of clamps for fixing the cable to the wall and ceiling, each model is designed for certain conditions for laying power lines inside buildings and structures. When buying mounts, you should consult with a sales assistant.
Video
Increasingly, the choice of consumers falls on suspension-type structures, which are convenient for mounting, and also provide a smooth and beautiful surface, the shapes of which can be as varied as the colors. However, laying wires under such objects is not an easy task.
So how to fix the cable to the ceiling if the installation of a suspended structure is coming? This question will be given instructions and answers in the course of this article.
Preparatory work
In order to correctly lay the wires under the ceiling, you should know some points:
- Where is the main switchboard
- What brand and what section of the cable
- Where is the equipment located
- Which wiring method to use, based on the specifics of the room
After completing the first paragraph, you can begin the selection of the necessary cable and tools. Guided by the recommended standards, you should opt for the VVGng cable, which can be used as both a recessed and an external electrical wiring system.
The possibility of laying electrical wires depends on where the electrical equipment is located. So, if you can't lay concealed wiring, then it is worth planning the route along which the external cables will pass.
Attaching the cable to the ceiling from the outside
Currently, there are several types of external wire fastening:
- Carrying them out in a special metallized or corrugated sleeve
- Gasket in steel pipe
- The use of electrical pipes made of plastic
- Application of cable channels
- Fixing the cable to the ceiling with insulators and brackets
Wide range of cable channels various styles for home and industrial premises presented on the website lotki-lider.ru
Any of the above options for external mounting of the electrical cable can approach the dwelling, but it all depends on the situation. It is better to mount some types on one type of surface, and it is undesirable to use some for the same surface.
What are the surfaces and methods of laying electrical wires for them
Ceiling wood type
wooden ceiling best equipped with steel tubes. Their transverse dimension strongly depends on the diameter of the electrical wires. In addition, several cables can be placed in one tube at once.
As a branch to the electrical consumer, it is better to use IP65 boxes, which must be assembled from refractory material. Inside the box, the possibility of touching the cable veins to its walls should be eliminated by applying insulation. This technique is important when installing both recessed and exposed wiring.
The process of installing a cable to a tree:
- First, the layout of the minibus wiring is carried out.
- Next, you should mark the location and install distribution and through boxes.
- Then the tubes are shortened to the required length, and they are fixed to the ceiling. Next, the pipes are interconnected by welding.
- All wiring wobbles must be performed at an angle of ninety degrees.
- With the help of a broach, the cable is stretched from box to box, leaving conclusions at the ends, the length of which will be adequate for desoldering in boxes (will be about 20-25cm).
- Next, the wiring cores are connected in boxes using welding or soldering. Next comes the insulation of the cable.
- Then you need to conduct grounding.
- Finally, last step the integrity of the resulting wiring is checked.
How to fix a cable to a ceiling made of metal
metal surface The ceiling is a good current conductor, so it is necessary to approach the installation of the cable as responsibly as possible in order to avoid unpleasant incidents. Thus, it is best to lay the cable in plastic electrical tubes.
This material perfect for distribution box. However, if the room is not conducive to the installation of this matter, you can run cables in steel tubes.
Mounting Features:
- The marking of the route along which the cable will pass is carried out.
- It is necessary to determine the location of the passage and distribution boxes.
- You should cut off the excess tubes, then fix it on the ceiling, and then glue it, connecting the structure.
- It is necessary to use a corrugated tube when turning the cable route, which must be made at a right angle.
- Use broach when laying the cable from box to box, leaving leads at the ends, the length of which will be 20-25cm.
- Coupling of cable cores in boxes is carried out by welding or soldering. Then they need to be isolated.
- After these steps, the design should be checked for integrity.
Cable laying on reinforced concrete slab
These plates are available in old houses, because their design is somewhat different from that used in the construction of modern buildings.
Currently, the floors are being prepared during construction. Electrical pipes made of plastic are laid in advance, installation and passage boxes are laid in the future ceiling. Next comes the pouring of the floors. However, this is typical for modern designs, but not for old houses.
The use of reinforced concrete slabs forces the cable to be routed through channels, but often there are concrete piles at the edges of the slabs or inside that make it difficult to lay the wiring.
By reinforced concrete slab you can lay an open cable in the following ways:
Features of the cable in the drywall construction
A distinctive feature of such a false ceiling is limited access to electrical wires, so it is necessary to plan in advance where the wiring will be serviced. Cable fastening to the ceiling will be carried out in a method that is suitable for the existing ceiling base whether metal, concrete or wood. Similar methods are mentioned above in the article.
Drywall makes it easy to hide the wires, so there is no need for hidden wiring. However, it will be necessary to take out the distribution and passage boxes outside the ceiling in order to facilitate access to them.
Fastening the cable under the drywall construction, see the video:
Features of wiring in a rack ceiling
This ceiling is hemmed, like the previous instance, so many features drywall construction also fit rails. Thus, the junction boxes should be placed outside the ceiling to allow easy access to them.
rack ceiling often installed in bathrooms, so wiring under the ceiling should be done:
- In electrical pipes made of plastic or corrugated analogues, provided that the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete.
- In steel tubes, provided that the base of the ceiling is wood.
Features of wiring for cassette ceilings
- If the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete or metal structures, it is necessary to use corrugated or plastic electrical tubes.
- If the ceiling surface is made of wood, then steel pipes must be used.
Installation of wiring under a stretch ceiling
Cable routing under stretch ceiling is hidden wiring, so you should be especially careful when installing. In addition, the material used in this ceiling is not resistant to high temperatures, therefore, the wires must be placed in corrugated tubes. Moreover, distribution and feed-through boxes should be placed outside the ceiling.
Cable installation in an electrically conductive panel
These ceilings are modules filled with polyurethane foam. Conductive plates are built into these plates. Modules can be connected up to 5 pieces to one connector. Wiring is laid based on the characteristics of the room, whether the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete, wood or metal. In addition, wire distribution boxes should be taken out of the ceiling.
Electrically conductive panels look great at night when all lights are off except for the ceiling lights. By taking a photo of this ceiling at night, you can enjoy the unusual contrast of light and darkness.
The proposed options for placing wiring on the ceiling and under it are basic and relatively easy to reproduce on their own. If you carefully follow the installation instructions and comply with all safety standards, then problems with electrical wires should not occur, and the installation lighting fixtures turn into a real pleasure.
The growth in the number of devices for which it is necessary to establish a connection point inside an industrial or residential building has led to the development of many ways to fix the cable to the wall, both at the construction stage and in a long-term and well-established room. In various situations, you have to choose how to fix the wires on the wall so that they do not spoil the interior with their appearance, comply with electrical safety rules, and be protected from external environmental influences and accidental damage. A significant aspect is the rational consumption of material and cost savings.
Types of wiring
The need to attach the wire to the wall is first considered in terms of the expected service life. Power cables wires coming from junction boxes are intended for long-term use. Communication lines and television connections are of the temporary type, capable of changing their position if necessary.
Based on this, there are 2 types of laying electrical communications:
- open wiring when the line is fastened to outer surface structures and the entire network is available for inspection and partial repair;
- concealed wiring is laid in the wall materials (walled) and is available for operations at the points of connection to it (sockets, connectors) or intermediate switching (boxes, shields).
If the concealed laying of the wire is made in corrugated or smooth pipes, then the subsequent fast is possible on these sections.
An example of mounting in smooth PVC pipes kah is shown in a series of photos:
In technical rooms, such wiring may remain uncovered with a layer of plaster; in residential apartments, it is under a layer of finish.
Concrete concrete plants produce even special types panels with arranged inside the slab and design outlet points to the connection boxes.
Influence of base material
Another factor influencing the choice of methods for attaching the cable to the wall will be its design and materials of manufacture.
The load-bearing and internal walls of the building are erected in the following options:
- reinforced concrete panels;
- brickwork (solid, hollow, multilayer, combined);
- wooden (logs / timber);
- bulk monolithic concrete;
- sip panels;
- frame-panel construction.
In each case, it is necessary to decide which fasteners to use for the selected type of wiring.
Brickwork
The scheme and method of how to fix the cable on a brick wall is chosen based on the available tools and materials. Masonry, as a rule, is not left without protective coating plaster, so the wiring will be closed type.
With a large amount of work, you will need a puncher and a grinder for leveling. Short sections can be worked with a chisel and hammer by hand.
An example of wiring on a brick wall is visible in the photo:
It is possible to securely fix the fit of the wires to the wall simple ways that do not require the cost of special fasteners: quick-drying mortar (alabaster, gypsum, glue), wire to driven nails / screws, strips of tin + nails. The main condition is a reliable fastening without the possibility of displacement or sagging.
After the cable laying is completed, the channels will be. So that they do not affect the monolithic structure of the applied solution, the recesses are covered with a reinforcing mesh.
Monolithic hard surfaces
The wires are attached to the concrete wall with dowels using a mounting gun or manual drilling of holes for installing a plastic sleeve, to which a fixing bracket or clamp is screwed with a screw.
A variant of what plastic fasteners look like is shown in the photo:
Depending on the diameter of the cable (wire bundle), staples, perforated metal tape are also used as fasteners industrial production and self-manufacturing.
The use of a mounting gun on various types of fasteners for cables and corrugations on concrete is demonstrated in the video:
Laying in pipes
Monolithic concrete surfaces not, the wires are fastened on trays, in pipes or using corrugations. The wiring can be left open, mounted inside the wall during its construction, or hidden under finishing. Sometimes, simplifying the work, channels are cut in the slabs fixed formwork, but such a solution leads to a violation of the uniformity of the heat-insulating protection of the house in places where the material of polystyrene foam plates is removed.
The passage Ø of various standardized products allows you to choose the material in which you can lay the appropriate number of supply wires. Characteristics of corrugated PVC pipes for laying power networks are presented in the table:
Before you install the corrugation according to the design scheme in the bulk wall, you need to thread a soft wire into it, so that you can easily get the wires later. If several cables need to be laid in one tube, diverging in different directions in intermediate fittings (tees, elbows, crosses), then the required number of wires is threaded in directions, and the corresponding ends are marked in different colors (paint, colored electrical tape).
If such preparation for pulling a soft core is not done in advance, then you will have to use a cable (approximately Ø 3 mm), which confidently passes into the pipe at a distance of 3 - 4 m. , did not get stuck, did not damage it when feeding forward with scrolling.
In conditions that do not require a strict aesthetic approach, in technical rooms for reliable protection outdoor wiring use a more rigid metal hose connecting junction boxes (also metal). The principle of attaching it to the wall is no different from plastic corrugation and shown in the diagram:
In all cases (pipe, corrugation, metal hose), it is important to fix the cable exit into the connectors of the attached box at an angle of 90 °, so the first fastening is placed at a distance of no more than 10 cm.
Walls of different density
Depending on the brand of wire and the material in which it will be installed, the wire mount on inner wall may have different designs.
In sufficiently strong plaster, when there is no need to fix the corrugation, you can drill holes and hammer in brackets - dowels with a wire previously inserted into them. A sample of such fasteners is visible in the photo:
On wooden surfaces pressed from sawdust slabs, install different kinds brackets and clamps (as on concrete monoliths), in which screws and nails act as a retainer. Installation is carried out manually quickly, and a construction gun replaces an electric screwdriver.
Thin wires for the Internet and phone can be fixed on the drive. This is a special screw, which is partially screwed into the wall, and a thin conductor is screwed onto the protruding part.
For soft bases such as GKL sheets, plastic staples and clips are used, which are simply nailed with small nails. The fastest in this case will be the use of special U - shaped brackets and construction stapler. These brackets are for quick installation wires and have plastic stops so as not to transfer the current-carrying core.
Hide the wiring in the apartment with plastic skirting boards, which have internal cavities closed with a decorative cover. It remains to mount the plinth and make exit points to the sockets.
A popular way of fastening cables, combining the ease of laying open wiring and not being flashy for viewing a closed type, are plastic cable channels. A bundle of wires in a box closed with a lid is always available for inspection and switching changes. The channel is attached to the walls with screws, the cores inside it - with plastic ties.
The box and junction boxes for them are available in different sizes, you can always choose suitable brand for a specific network layout. In appearance, such boxes on the walls of an office or home have already become familiar and do not cause discomfort in the perception of the situation.
