Do-it-yourself lathe copier (copy lathe) Turning shaped surfaces on a copier Hand-made assembly of equipment at home

To make a copier lathe for wood, you will need the following components that will be needed in the manufacturing process:

electric motor with a power of approximately 800W;
metal shaft with a nozzle for changing the saw blade;
metal profile of square section, metal corners;
wooden sheet;
furniture guides;
metal marker;
fastening materials.
welding machine, grinder.

First you need to make metal guides.

They will allow you to move the entire structure of the copier in the longitudinal plane. In this case, two metal corners are used, which are turned down with the sharp side. Between themselves, the corners are welded to pieces metal profile.

This approach allows you to provide the necessary mechanical strength and eliminate the possibility of deflection of the guides under the weight of the copier. In practice, any other metal profile can be suitable for the manufacture of longitudinal guides, the main thing is that its mechanical parameters make it possible to carry out the tasks.

In this case, for the manufacture of the base of the future copier was used wooden box and board. The board is sized to move inside the box in a perpendicular plane.

For fixing and subsequent movement, ordinary furniture guides are used.

An engine is attached to the top of the board. In this case, the power electric motor is 800W, and the speed is 3000 rpm. Depending on your needs, you can use an engine with other parameters.

Next, the shaft should be fixed on the board at such a distance that the belt drive normally connects two pulleys, one of which is located at the end of the motor shaft, and the second on the horse shafts of the saw blade. Applied here homemade shaft with one bearing.

From a metal profile of a square section, you need to make a U-shaped structure. In the upper part of the U-shaped structure, a special metal holder of square section is welded to the horizontal bar. The length of the holder must be less than the length of the marker.

To fix the marker in the holder, holes are drilled on the top plate. A metal nut is welded over each hole, into which a bolt is screwed. Two bolts will be enough for a secure fixation. The adjustable marker is very convenient when changing sawing discs of different diameters.

Easy enough to install desired disk and use a plumb line to align the marker with the edge of the disk. The fastening of the marker must correspond to the position of the saw blade in all planes. This allows you to move the disk coaxially along the rotating workpiece by simply moving the marker along the prepared template.

The whole machine is assembled from two channels and metal corners for the scabbard. On which the engine is fixed, rotating the wooden blank. In this case, a 1200W electric motor is used.

Can be used as a frame old frame from some other machine. For ease of operation, it is better to place the engine on a removable metal plate, which allows you to move the structure with the workpiece, as in vertical plane, as well as horizontally.

The clamping headstock is made of four metal plates in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. Two nuts are welded into the end walls of the clamping headstock, into which a metal screw is screwed. A cone with a cartridge is installed at the end of the screw.

In the case when you need to exclude the possibility of contamination of the environment with sawdust from the operation of the machine or to minimize the percentage of contamination, you should make a hood.

The saw blade is covered with a metal casing, to which a flexible corrugated hose and a compressor unit are attached to create an air flow of a given power.

Video: making a copier for a wood lathe.

Lathes are specialized equipment used for the manufacture of wood products. It is on such a machine that legs for furniture are made, door handles, balusters and other wood products. There are many models of modern lathes with different prices.

Wood lathe models

Exists a large number of different models lathes, they can divided into the following types:

Standard machines, depending on the product, processing on such a device is carried out in the center, in a special chuck or faceplate. The design of the equipment includes an electric motor, a steel frame, cutters, chucks and a control system.
Copying tools, with their help, produce the same type of wood products, in large quantities. Devices with manual control are cheaper and will be a profitable option for small industries.
Milling machines, on which wood processing is done along the axis of the product. The work is done with a milling cutter and a circular saw.
Machines for twisted flutes, the equipment can carry out standard operations, as well as figured cutting on the sides of products. Electronic control greatly facilitates the work, and the possibility of simultaneous processing of two products, increase productivity and save time.

Copy lathe for wood Proma DSL-1200

The lathe is designed for processing wooden products, turning profiles and decorative details. Feature device - the presence of two incisors. One is mounted on a steady rest and is used for processing round blanks, removing up to 10 mm of material in one pass. With this cutter you can round blanks different diameters. Settings are set on a special device.

The second cutter is installed in the copy carriage and grinds parts according to the copier. The original mount allows you to quickly prepare the machine for work.

For the manufacture of long products, the delivery set includes a steady rest, which is attached to the guide rods as a support and eliminates the deflection of a long workpiece. By installing a faceplate, the machine will allow you to process multifaceted products.

Characteristics:

Voltage - 380V.
Center height - 215 mm.
Weight - 395 kg.
Dimensions - 2105x1000x1225 mm.

Price - 255803r.

4-spindle copy lathe T4M-0

Model T4M-0 is equipped with a horizontal grinding unit, which is capable of processing 4 workpieces simultaneously on a copier (lace legs of tables and chairs, musical instruments).

The cast bed and balanced parts avoid vibration, increasing the processing speed of large workpieces.
The shaft is set automatically at the beginning of the cycle and returns to its original position after processing is completed.
Pneumatic clamp on spindles.
Adjustable shaft feed speed.
Smooth adjustment of the spindle speed using the block.

Characteristics:

Additional equipment:

7.3 kW engine.
Inventory speed control.
Expansion of working space up to 1500 mm.

Price - 49700r.

Copy lathe for wood CL-1201

The CL-1201 machine is used in manufacturing industries, for turning rounded products with a diameter of up to 1200 mm and processing parts cylindrical shape. Opportunities for processing, clamps are provided: faceplate, chuck, centers.

Features of the lathe:

A heavy spindle is equipped with a device that controls the speed of rotation, which allows high-quality processing of workpieces based on the mass, dimensions, type of wood.
The spindle can change the direction of rotation, providing good handling wood of any density.
The control and adjustment of the lathe is carried out from a portable console, which, at the request of the user, can be placed on the front or rear column.
The stability of the machine is ensured by a bed made of steel, and the rear columns are made of cast iron. This achieves minimal vibration during operation and improves the quality of processing.
The base allows you to process workpieces up to 1270 mm long, and additional sections up to 1270 mm can be used to increase.
The mechanism for copying is included in the basic delivery, which greatly expands the possibilities.
The milling attachment allows you to produce longitudinal grooves along the entire length of the workpiece.
The mobile caliper moves over the entire surface of the part. The control is carried out by a flywheel. Depth of processing is regulated by the lever
With the help of the tailstock, the accuracy of processing long parts is increased.
The degree of protection of the machine is IP54, the engine is reliably protected from overheating and overload, and electronic parts from moisture and dust.

The standard package includes:

Copier and template holder.
Knife support 254 mm.
Mounting washer 254 mm.
revolving center.
2 straight cutters
Chisel stand.
Mobile lunette.
Spindle speed control devices.

Price - 153588r.

Copy Wood Lathe CL-1201A

The device is produced by the Austrian company Stomana, which has been supplying equipment for over 20 years. The device is designed for processing wood and rounding products up to 1270 mm long, from materials of different densities. The copier is delivered in a basic configuration, with its help, products are produced according to the sample.

Included in delivery lathe includes:

Copier and stand for templates.
Knife support.
The mechanism for drawing spiral channels.
revolving center.
Leading center with a diameter of 20 mm.
Mounting washer.
2 cutters.
Lunette stand.

Copy lathe for wood KTF-7

The turning device KTF-7 is used for processing wood on stationary and rotating workpieces. Equipment uses disc milling tool which increases performance and service life. This scheme allows you to get parts that cannot be made on a conventional lathe:

Profile polyhedra.
Surfaces with a screw profile.
Profile grooves on the product.

Work on the turning device is carried out according to a template with automatic feeding blanks, in two passes. At direct movement roughing occurs, while the reverse - finishing. Semi-automatic operation increases productivity and the number of irregularities on the surface of the wood during processing. The device is equipped with a mount for a manual cutter.

Characteristics:

Voltage - 380V.
The maximum length of the part is 1200 mm.
Center height - 215 mm.
Weight - 740 kg.
Dimensions - 2100x900x1049 mm.

The device of lathes for woodworking is similar in basic parameters to metalworking equipment. They also have a front and tailstock, support, spindle with cutters. The purpose of the equipment depends on its weight, equipment accessories And automated systems management.

Woodworking lathe device

The device of a wood lathe differs from metal equipment in that it does not require a cooling system, due to this there is no coolant supply system. The power of a woodworking lathe for manual control is less, but it has rotation speed control. To work on manual wood lathes that are not intended for the production of one type of goods, special devices are used - cutters and a removable faceplate.

Main knots

The faceplate is used to securely hold the material of the maximum allowable diameter, and the cutter is used to self made on equipment that does not have a permanently installed support. They are more often used for the manufacture of plain blanks for painting, turning the cuttings necessary for the household for shovels, ax handles and other household utensils.

A school wood lathe gives a complete picture of how you can make household utensils, beautiful souvenirs. A machine operating at low speeds will allow the novice master to understand the basic principle of operation of all turning units and mechanisms. The skills acquired at school will help to master more complex turning equipment with CNC.

One of the most common, in mass production equipment of woodworking shops, can be called a turning copy machine on wood. For its work, devices are needed - stencils, according to the outline of which the outline of the object will be created.

Classification of woodworking machines

Many types of equipment are used in the woodworking industry. The main criteria for classification are technological process and design features.

Technological features:

cutting;
Gluing and assembly;
Presses;
Finishing;
Drying.

Different in design equipment for carrying out the same operations may differ in the technology of work.

Processing 1 or many items;
Number of threads;
1-coordinate or 4-coordinate;
By the number of spindles;
Along the trajectory of movement of the processed material;
By the nature of the presentation.
By cyclicality.

The scheme of work on a lathe is as follows:

On top of the bed special mounts a stencil made of wood is installed - a copier.
The overrunning roller moves along the outer side of the copier.
Due to the connection of the roller with the cutting tool by the method of rigid fastening, the cutter transfers the movement of the roller along the copier onto the tree with accuracy. Where there is a recess on the copier, there will be a convex element on the tree, and a protrusion on the stencil will affect the recess in the finished wooden object.

For the production of identical elements wooden decor machine with a copier is the most convenient solution.

A lathe that is used for machining hand tools: reyer, meisel, scraper, not very accurate. When manufacturing several similar parts from wood with the same density characteristics, one has to rely only on the skill of the turner and his eye, but still it is very difficult to give a 100% guarantee that they will be identical. The use of different types of wood in the production implies that cutters and fixtures will be required different from each other.

The lathe and copying machine for wood is distinguished by the accuracy of reproduction of the embedded data. The copier is a kind of CNC prototype. One copier allows an infinite number of times to make identical things, which is necessary for the manufacture of balusters for railings or legs for cabinet furniture sets. In workshops where production is put on stream, it is more expedient to use copy machines equipped with CNC.

When working with wood, there is always a manual process of bringing the detail to perfection with sandpaper. Grinding is done at the stage while the object is in a fixed form between the headstock of the lathe. The rotation is programmed at a lower speed than those at which the cutting was performed.

Lathes are used for turning wooden elements oblong shape. The workpiece is mounted on a spindle with approximately equal weight distribution. To do this, holes are drilled in the center of the end ends of the wooden blank - this is necessary so that the rotation of the shaft is uniform. Most often, a cylindrical tree or a bar with planed corners is used. Cutting is carried out not only external, but also inner surface blanks. Forms finished products can be complex, conical, cylindrical - symmetrical about the center of the product.

A desktop wood lathe equipped with a computer programming system has a high accuracy in reproducing a complex pattern. It can create very complex elements threads.

Classification

Lathes are divided into:

center, having a mechanized feed. It is possible to perform work on this equipment using manual cutting tools(when installed on the bed of a special handpiece). The oblong piece of wood is held by a spindle and a movable tailstock. The longitudinal feed of the caliper is mechanized. On these machines, you can work with a copier. When working with short, light workpieces, the tailstock mount may not be used. When processing inside wood detail the faceplate serves as a mount. The moving elements in the operating mode on these lathes are the cutters moving along the processed piece of wood and the rotating spindle.
frontal lathes are used to produce parts on a flat, wide wooden base. Beautiful multi-level carving, bas-reliefs, high reliefs - this is what can be done on machines working with a wide faceplate, on which the workpiece is attached. Work is carried out only on the front of the part. The rest of the revision will be done manually.
round sticks process a tree, giving it a shape with a round section. When working on this equipment, the workpieces do not rotate or move. The only moving parts of the machine are the heads with cutters. There are also machines in this group for processing long products. Then they will feed blanks with rollers under the cutters.

Wood is shaped by rotating the material being processed and using a cutting tool.

Device and equipment

Woodworking lathes differ in the type of caliper feed and the shape of the manufactured items.

On a lathe with a handpiece, wooden blanks are processed, not exceeding 40 cm in diameter, and 1 m, 60 cm in length.
Lathes with mechanical support feed are adapted to the processing of wooden blanks with the same size restrictions as hand cutting fixtures.
The device for disc-shaped wooden blanks can be placed on working surface parts up to 3 m in diameter. The thickness of the tree is limited by the parameters set by the machine manufacturer.

Scheme of a lathe having a mechanical feed of a caliper equipped with an attached frontal device:

bed on 2 pedestals;
front and rear headstock;
calipers;
spindle rotated by 2-speed motor;
V-belt transmission connecting a 3-speed gearbox with a motor;
a pulley mounted on the spindle drives the longitudinal support;
cutters are mounted in a rotary holder;
the main - transverse and additional - longitudinal calipers set the direction of the cutters.

When working with hand cutters, it is necessary to install a handpiece on the guide beds. The caliper at this stage of processing is retracted beyond working area all the way.

Accessories for lathes Tools for wood lathes

The frontal device also has a swivel holder. This device is used for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 60 cm, fixed on one side on a faceplate connected to the spindle, and fixed by the tailstock of the machine. When machining a short workpiece, the clamp can be omitted, which simplifies internal processing details.

The speed of cutting the edge of the tree at different points is different, which is determined by the distance of the cutter from the axis of rotation. This is most clearly seen when working with a copier. The spindle speed is determined by the diameter of the machined wood material and its strength.

Copy lathes are used to make many of the same parts, such as balusters for stair railings, fence posts, etc. You can make a functional design with your own hands, using devices that are unnecessary in the household.

Making a lathe

The most primitive model of a lathe is made of conventional drill. But this is not the only solution. The main parts of the future device:

bed;
front and rear racks (headstock);
electric motor;
leading and slave centers;
tool stop.

The bed is the base for placing all the elements and mechanisms. Therefore, it is made of a thick bar of wood or metal. The headstock is securely fixed on the base, the part will be fixed on it. A device is placed in the front rack that transmits movement from the electric motor to the leading center and then to the part.

The rear post (headstock) moves along the guide on the frame, it holds the free end of the workpiece. An emphasis for the tool is placed between the grandmas. Grandmas must be located strictly along a single axis.

For a do-it-yourself machine, an electric motor with a power of 200 - 250 W, with a speed of no more than 1500, is suitable. If you plan to process large parts, a more powerful engine is required.

A faceplate is put on the electric motor pulley, which fixes large workpieces. The faceplate contains points on which the part is stuffed. The opposite end of the part is fixed with a corner.

To turn an ordinary lathe into a copier, an additional device is required - a copier.

Copier for lathe

The basis of the copier will be an unnecessary manual frezer. It is placed on a surface of 12 mm plywood, the size of the platform is 20 x 50 cm. Holes are made in the platform for fasteners and cutters, and stops are installed - bars for fixing the cutter. The router is placed between the clamps and secured with a pair of large nails.

The remote part of the site moves along the frame along the guide - the pipe. Its ends are fixed in wooden bars. The bars are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. When fixing the pipe, use a level and align the axis of the pipe with the center of the machine. Before installation, a pair of bars with holes is put on the pipe, which easily move along the guide. A platform is attached to the bars, on which the milling cutter is placed.

The second important element is installed with your own hands directly on the lathe - a bar in a horizontal position, on which the templates will be attached. A beam of 7 x 3 cm is suitable; it is attached to vertical supports with self-tapping screws. Stands are screwed to the frame. The upper surface of the bar must clearly coincide with the axis of the machine.

When the copier is not in use, the bar is dismantled, the platform with the milling cutter is retracted and the machine turns into a conventional lathe.

The stop is made of thick plywood and is attached to the work surface. In fact, the emphasis plays the role of a copier in this design. It is fixed vertically, to the end of the working surface it is fixed to a transition beam made of wood. The copier can be removed, it is installed on the stand with self-tapping screws. The stand must be fixed firmly, without the possibility of removal.

The templates are made of plywood, with the help of self-tapping screws they are screwed to the front surface of the bar. The top surface of the beam should be aligned with the axis of the template.

Cons of the proposed design

The working surface with a milling cutter has to be moved with both hands, since during operation it warps and jams;
enough to copy simple elements, for example, it is impossible to repeat the twisted patterns on the posts;
to move the cutter, it is more convenient to provide a screw gear;
and it is better to replace the cutter with a circular, such a device will turn out to be more versatile.

Making a lathe copier with your own hands is not the most difficult task. But in order to achieve the desired result in terms of quality and efficiency, some efforts will have to be made. You will need detailed drawing, copy template and a few hours of free time. We offer you a variant of the copier machine based on hand mill as a cutting tool.

The proposed copier for your lathe requires little financial, time and labor costs. This is what attracts a large number of craftsmen who need a copier for a lathe.

The cutting device will be a manual milling cutter. At the same time, the operational capabilities of the copier directly depend on the characteristics of the turning equipment itself.

You should not count on the attractiveness of the design of a device created by yourself, since its main task is to create copies according to a template without unnecessary energy costs.

The device of the machine with a copier

To get started, to create a lathe with a copier, you will need a manual router. Choose its type yourself, depending on the planned work;
The milling cutter is mounted on a support platform with dimensions of approximately 50 by 20 centimeters. It can be made from sheets of plywood 12 mm thick;
At your request, the copy machine can get a larger or smaller area. Dimensions largely depend on the parameters of the selected router;
On the support platform, make holes through which the routers will exit;
Holes for fasteners are also made here. In the role of fasteners, it is optimal to use bolts;
Resistant bars, located along the perimeter and fixed with self-tapping screws, will provide protection against accidental movements of the cutter when processing products;
Having installed the cutter supports between the bars, make sure that it is fixed securely, that there are no vibrations or play;
The far end of the support platform must be able to move along the guide tube along the entire length of the turning equipment;
Use a guide tube with a diameter of 25 millimeters, or adapt to your machine parameters;
The main condition when choosing pipes is that they must cope with the loads from the weight of the router, not bend, maintain evenness, smoothness of the surface;
Fix the pipe ends with a pair of wooden bars of a suitable size;
The bars are mounted to the machine body with self-tapping screws or through bolts.

Installation of structural elements

In order for a lathe with a copier to work efficiently, and the copying process does not raise quality issues, in no case do not rush. It is the rush that does not allow the craftsmen to make a really good copier for a lathe with their own hands.

After studying the drawing, on the basis of which you decided to build a copier with your own hands, stick to the suggested dimensions. If even a small error is allowed, the copying technology can be completely broken, the working axes will go astray.

To prevent this from happening, follow a few important rules.

The axis of the pipe intended for the movement of the router must be exactly parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
The coincidence of the axis of the pipe and the axis of the machine is also an important plus, although this condition is not mandatory.
The main point is the coincidence of the milling cutter in the lowest position with the axis of the lathe. This setting is controlled and changed as needed by the placement level of the copier.
Fix the guide tube through the blind holes of the wooden blocks. But immediately before fixing, put two bars on the pipe, on which it is planned to mount the carrier platform.
Wooden bars for the carrier platform must move very easily, or rather slide along the guide pipe. If loosening is noticed, the copy unit will have to be redone.

Many are afraid of the moment when increased requirements regarding sliding are made. But it is not difficult to make a machine with such operating parameters if you use a flat, smooth pipe.

Horizontal bars

The next step is to mount the horizontal wooden block, which is the second most important working component of your copier lathe.

Adhere to the same accuracy requirements as in the operations described above;
The horizontal bar is connected to the blank profile template;
To make a bar with your own hands, you can use a blank measuring 7 by 3 millimeters and fix it with self-tapping screws to vertical racks;
themselves wooden racks mounted to the frame of the turning device by any method convenient for you;
Make sure that the top edge of the horizontal element is parallel to the axis of the machine and is at the same level;
If at some point you don’t need copying functionality, you can easily remove the bar with your own hands, fold the mounting pad to the edge of the machine and use the turning unit for its intended purpose without a copier;
A vertical stop is mounted to the working table of the cutter. A sheet is fine here. thin plywood. Although if you need more solid construction, use steel sheets;
This element is used to move around the copier when sharpening parts. It sets the spatial position for the working router. Therefore, the copier should be fixed as securely as possible;
Thickness plays an important role. The thinner the vertical stop, the more accurately your pattern will be able to copy the lathe. But even if the stop is too thin, the device begins to move along the pattern with certain difficulties. Therefore, the optimal way out of the situation is the search for an intermediate option;
If you use plywood to make a copier, be sure to consider using its removable structure. This will allow you to easily dismantle the copier when it is worn out, and replace it with a new one with minimal time spent.

Sample

The last but not least element of a lathe with a copier function is the copy template itself. It is not difficult to make it, but the configuration depends entirely on the parameters of the products that you want to get using your machine.

Take a sheet of plywood or OSB board;
Mark the sheet according to the contours of the future product that you want to machine on a lathe;
Be sure to compare all dimensions with the required parameters;
With an electric jigsaw, carefully walk along the contours with a cutting blade, cutting out the necessary part;
Finish the edges grinder or regular sandpaper. The template should not have bumps, burrs, notches;
Fix the resulting template on a horizontal rail using self-tapping screws;
Fixing is carried out strictly in accordance with the installation parameters.

Using the drawings and video instructions, you can easily make a fairly efficient, productive copy turning unit yourself. You just need a little patience and time.