Home garden decoration Lately is becoming more and more popular. In order to decorate the territory, the owners of the plots buy various exotic plants. ornamental plant dwarf birch, originally from the tundra, perfectly decorates the garden and complements the landscape of any complexity. The birch is tiny but attractive and can tolerate low air temperatures.
plant description
Dwarf birch is a shrub with a height of 20 to 70 centimeters. The leaves of the plant have jagged edges and can be up to 15 centimeters long. In autumn, the green color changes to bright red, which perfectly decorates nature. The plant bears fruit from May to June with small nuts with a very small diameter.
The tree resembles a creeping shrub that clings to the soil with its roots. Thus, one bush can occupy a significant area.
The wild birch bush sprouts in the highlands of the tundra at an altitude of more than 500 meters. Neither in appearance, nor in height, nor in the color of the bark, does the plant resemble a birch. The miniature tree got its name from the word "yora", which means "bush". The thickets that the birch forms are impenetrable. Often they are intertwined with dwarf willow, which makes it almost impossible to go through their growth.
It is correct to consider a dwarf birch as a shrub. Betula nana grows no higher than 80 cm. The bush is covered with snow in winter, which protects it from blizzards and severe frosts. The leaves have a serrated edge. The foliage itself is smooth and glossy above. The bottom of the leaf is matte, with a small fluff. In May, the plant blooms and spreads earrings that look a bit like Russian birch earrings. . Autumn plant is incredibly beautiful, as it turns bright red or bright Orange color, thereby decorating the fields and mountains.
Yornik perfectly tolerates the northern climate . You can meet the wild variant:
Growing conditions
The undersized bush loves a sunny place despite the ability to grow at low temperatures. The maximum that a tree can withstand is partial shade. The best place for planting - this is the one in which meltwater is collected in the spring. At the same time, the yernik can tolerate short-term droughts.
When planting in the ground, it is important to use drainage. The soil should conduct moisture well, and the substrate should be acidic or semi-acidic. You can plant a crop using seeds. You can plant them immediately after collection, and in autumn period. The seeds are frost resistant. by the most the best seeds for planting are those that were collected in the year of planting. Seed germination may deteriorate with each passing year.
You can plant a tree with a seedling. When buying, it is important to check that the roots are not damaged or overdried. A few days before planting in a hole 1-1.5 meters deep, you need to mix mineral fertilizers, humus and humus. When planting, the lump that is present on the roots is not removed.
Drainage, which should be present in the ground, should be represented by pebbles, crushed stone or expanded clay. After planting, the seedling should definitely be watered, and if desired, it is worth mulching.
birch care rules
So that the tree does not hurt and does not dry out, the soil should be constantly moistened. If the birch is planted in a place where water accumulates, then it is important to water regularly only in the summer. You can feed the culture not only with humus, but also mineral fertilizers. In spring, it is best to apply nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, and in autumn, nitroammophoska. The plant needs soil nutrition annually.
Pruning of branches begins in the second year of the culture's life. Dry and diseased branches should be removed. in early spring. You can form a crown not only in spring, but also at the end of August.
Caterpillars, May beetles, scoops and aphids can infect yernik. It is necessary to treat the plant with appropriate drugs or it is best to take preventive measures.
Addition and garden design
Yora is used in the design land plot. Use it when creating:
- alpine hills,
- exotic landscapes;
- miniature mountain elephants;
The birch will complement the territory decorated in Japanese style, as well as a tree should be planted near water bodies. You can supplement the birch with bergenia, gentians, ferns, moss.
From this culture, an excellent hedge is obtained, which will gradually grow and weave. The bushes lend themselves to a haircut, so you can decorate them culturally. If you plant a shrub in a pot, you can get a bansai.
Dwarf birch is an adornment of any backyard territory. Growing shrubs does not require special knowledge and costs, and the imagination shown will help to design the landscape in a stylish and modern way.
Seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.
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Chickpea Curry with Meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare, but requires pre-preparation. Chickpeas need to be soaked in in large numbers cold water for several hours, preferably at night, the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then cook the curry according to the recipe.
Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful backdrop for annuals. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.
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3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage sandwich with meat - great idea for a quick bite or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground, is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, medium ripening - 55-60 and late terms - at least 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.
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One of the brightest months garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to lunar calendar. In June, gardening and gardening can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.
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I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.
Botanical name: Dwarf birch or small birch (Betula nana).
Genus: Birch.
Family: Birch.
Homeland of dwarf birch: North hemisphere.
Lighting: light-loving, shade-tolerant.
The soil: swampy, wet.
Watering: abundant.
Maximum tree height: up to 1 m.
Average lifespan of a tree: 100-120 years old.
Landing: seeds, cuttings.
Dwarf birch: description
Dwarf birch, the photo of which is presented on the page, is a close relative of ordinary birch. It is a highly branched shrub. It reaches a height of about 1 m. The branches are raised upwards, or spread along the surface of the earth, in diameter they are able to close an area up to 3 m. At very small sizes, the shoots are hidden in the thickness of the lichen, only the leaves of the plant are visible on the surface. The leaf arrangement is alternate.
The leaves of dwarf birch are small, 5-15 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, rounded, dark green above, light green below. Attached to the shoots with short petioles 4-6 mm long. In autumn they turn yellow and bright red.
Earrings on dwarf birch are also extremely small. They have an oval shape. When ripe, they break into separate parts: three-lobed scales and fruits - small oval nuts 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, with narrow, membranous wings on the sides.
The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual. Blooms in May, before the leaves open. Fruiting from April to June.
Young shoots are velvety or downy, with dark brown or brown bark. Dwarf birch grows very slowly.
The bark of an adult plant is smooth, covered with a cork layer. The winter hardiness of the shrub is quite high. In the wild, it is found in the North of Russia, Yakutia and Western Siberia. Grows abroad in North America and in northern Europe. Sometimes found in the mountains, the Alps. Prefers rocky, marsh and tundra soils.
Dwarf birch in the tundra with a photo
This shrub is considered one of the most common tundra plants. It occurs throughout the tundra zone, grows especially abundantly in its southern part, where you can find whole thickets of dwarf birch.
Tundra dwarf birch is able to withstand long harsh winters on frozen ground. It grows mainly in swamps, along with lichens, mosses and dwarf willows. In summer, the plant serves as food for tundra animals. Larger specimens of birch are used by the local population as fuel.
A photo of a dwarf birch in the tundra is attached.
Dwarf birch in landscape design with a photo
IN landscape design use decorative form dwarf birch. Trees are planted for landscaping garden plots, adjoining territories, for decoration of public parks and landscape gardens.
Due to its small rounded shape, this shrub does not require regular pruning.
It looks beautiful in rockeries, alpine slides and group plantings, combined with undersized evergreen conifers.
Dwarf birch: planting and care
Planting of dwarf birch is done by seedlings or seeds. The plant is planted in spring and autumn. Dwarf birch seedlings successfully take root on any soil, but prefer loose, slightly acidic, well-fertilized, sandy and light loamy in composition.
They love abundant watering. mature plant in summer, it draws about 250 liters of water from the soil per day. Large seedlings with an open root system take root more difficult. Some of them die, while others may dry tops.
Planting pits are filled with a mixture of garden soil, humus, sand and peat. In the spring, a complex fertilizer is added to the pit; in the fall, a phosphorus-potassium composition is used. Top dressing is required in early spring and early summer.
Nitrogen-containing fertilizers (mullein, urea and ammonium nitrate) are suitable for this. Nitroammophoska and Kemira-universal serve as autumn top dressing.
Abundant watering is necessary at planting and in the next 3-4 days. In hot and dry periods, the volume of water should be increased.
Loosening is required to control weeds and saturate the soil with oxygen, it is allowed to a depth of up to 3 cm.
Sowing seeds is done immediately after harvest or late autumn. Collect seeds during browning of earrings.
Pest protection
Pests of dwarf birch -, and,.
For the prevention and control of pests, the shrub is annually treated with fungicides and insecticides.
Interesting facts about the dwarf birch Yernik
In the North, dwarf birch is called "dwarf birch". This name comes from the Nenets word "nana", which means "shrub". In the harsh conditions of the tundra, this plant has developed its own strategy for a successful existence: it moves forward under a layer of snow cloak, thereby protecting itself from freezing and death. Therefore, dwarf birch grows as a sprawling, branched bush, and not as a straight tree.
Dwarf birch (lat. Betula nana)- a species of undersized shrubs of the genus Birch of the Birch family. Other names are small birch, dwarf birch, dwarf birch, dwarf birch. In nature, the plant is found in many European countries, in Canada and Russia. It grows in small quantities in the Alps and Scotland. Typical places are hypnum swamps, arctic tundra, moss forests.
Characteristics of culture
Dwarf birch is a deciduous shrub up to 120 cm high with outstretched or ascending shoots. Young shoots are densely pubescent or velvety, with age they are almost naked, with reddish-brown or dark brown bark, often with a bluish bloom. The leaves are round-oval or rounded, small, short-petiolate, up to 15 mm long, up to 20 cm wide, obtusely serrated along the edge. The upper part of the leaves is dark green, smooth, with a sheen, the lower part is light green, with scattered pubescence. In autumn, the foliage turns dark yellow or yellow. During flowering, anther earrings are formed on plants, they can be of two types - male and female, after pollination they fall off. On female specimens, small elliptical nuts with three lobes and an attached scale are formed.
Growing conditions
Dwarf birch is successfully cultivated on acidic garden soils, and on peat bogs, and fertile chernozems, and sandy loamy soils, and loams. However, the culture develops best on light, slightly acidic, humus-rich soils. It is undesirable to grow dwarf birch on waterlogged, heavy clay and saline soils. The location is sunny, light shade is also possible.Reproduction and planting
Dwarf birch is propagated by seeds and cuttings. The collection of seeds is carried out at the time of browning of the earrings. Sow seeds immediately after harvest or in late autumn under cover in the form of peat or sawdust. This procedure is quite laborious and not subject to every gardener, therefore experienced agronomists I advise you to grow a crop by planting a seedling. Seedlings are presented in large numbers in specialized nurseries; they should not be purchased in unverified places.It is not recommended to buy seedlings with an open root system, even if properly planted, they may not take root. It is better to purchase seedlings in containers or with an earthen clod. Seedlings are planted in spring or autumn. landing pit prepare in a couple of weeks, a mixture consisting of garden soil, peat, humus and sand is poured onto its bottom in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1. It is important not to forget about making complex fertilizer(150-200 g per pit). Immediately after planting, the near-stem zone is mulched with a thick layer of humus or other covering material available. Watering is required.
Care
Dwarf birch is a moisture-loving plant, it is hard to imagine, but in the summer it extracts about 250 liters of water from the soil. Therefore, irrigation for the culture is vital, during a drought, the volume of water and the frequency of irrigation are doubled.Top dressing is also necessary, in spring the plants are fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, in the fall - nitroammophos or Kemira universal. Preventive pruning is carried out annually in the spring, before the start of sap flow. Forming as needed, but within the same time frame.
Application
Dwarf birch has been actively used in landscape design for many years. It looks great in group plantings, in rockeries and rock gardens. Shrubs look especially impressive in autumn, so they are often used to create automnalia (autumn gardens). Dwarf birch goes well with evergreen dwarf conifers, as well as closely related species of birch - iron birch, Finnish birch and Middendorff birch.Dwarf birch (Betula nana in Latin, or birch among the people) is a rounded shrub, the largest specimens reach a height of 1.2 meters. Thickets of dwarf birch in the wild can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. The birthplace of dwarf birch is the tundra. Due to the harsh climatic conditions, only dwarf trees grow in the tundra, stunted, but very viable, like all tundra plants. The life expectancy of this tree is up to 120 years.
Dwarf birch is found in the wild in the northern regions of Russia.
Dwarf birch is a close relative of common birch, familiar and familiar to everyone. But visually, this plant is very different and does not resemble a slender, tall beauty with a white trunk. A bizarrely curved, creeping decorative birch can be the highlight of a plant composition in a garden or greenhouse, and bonsai from this plant also looks great. Given that dwarf birch grows in northern latitudes, minimal care is required for this crop.
Where else do dwarf trees grow? Undersized birch can be found in Siberia, Yakutia, North Korea and Japan, North America, Canada, Kamchatka. Also, dwarf birch can grow in mountainous areas: at an altitude of up to 850 meters in Scotland, and on hills up to 2000 meters in the Alps.
Dwarf birch is a highly branched or creeping shrub. His shoots are thin and flexible. Depending on the habitat, shoots can rise up or spread along the ground, like many tundra plants. Miniature specimens are often completely hidden in lichen thickets, only bright green leaves are visible on the surface. Spreading in different directions, they are able to densely cover an area of 3 square meters.
Small leaves are only 1.5 cm long, and they are 1 to 2 cm wide. The leaves are very bright, they are dark green on top, and bright salad green, rounded below. In autumn they turn yellow and red.
The dwarf birch blooms with miniature earrings of yellow-green, also a very bright and saturated color. After pollination, the earrings begin to dry, then break up into scales and open the fruit - tiny nuts up to 2 mm long Brown with two wings on the sides. The plant blooms in May, before the beginning of summer, and bears fruit until the end of June.
Dwarf birch is one of the deciduous trees used in the creation of bonsai.
Birch bark is distinguished by a variety of shades and textures, it can be smooth, cork, embossed. It is thanks to the bark dwarf plant looks so decorative and attractive. Brown, gray, brown rugged trunk contrasts beautifully with bright foliage.
In the vastness of the tundra, this shrub-like dwarf tree is almost the only decoration. Its neighbors are lichens, mosses, and dwarf willows. This is a winter-hardy plant that tolerates even very low temperatures without problems; it will not be very comfortable in a dry and warm room. This must be remembered when planning to grow dwarf birch at home.
Growing conditions
- Lighting. In the tundra, dwarf trees grow primarily due to a lack of natural sunlight and frozen ground. A low-growing birch, of course, will not dry out in the shade, it will endure difficult climatic conditions. But still this plant is photophilous, it needs sunlight.
- The soil. Under natural conditions, dwarf birch grows on waterlogged soils. If you want to grow it in your home garden, you need to choose a well-moistened, loose soil with low acidity. Watering birch should be frequent and plentiful.
- Temperature regime. Yernik is relatively unpretentious temperature regime. He will overwinter without any problems in the garden. But if the summer turns out to be very hot, it will be necessary to protect the tree from the scorching sun. In an office or living room, you should not put a pot of dwarf birch near radiators.
- Humidity level. Ideally, plant a dwarf birch in the area where water flows near the surface of the earth. ground water. If this is not possible, then the soil is regularly and abundantly moistened. Also, birch will need frequent spraying.
Landing rules and care
Reproduction of dwarf birch is carried out in two ways:
- seeds;
- seedlings.
The plant can be transferred to the ground both in spring and in autumn - the seedling will survive the winter. The shrub will take root on any soil, but if possible, preference should be given to sandy and light loamy compositions. After planting, the soil must be fertilized and watered well.
Special care is required for large seedlings with open roots. If watering is insufficient, it may begin to wither and dry out from the top. In this case, the dried tip is cut off by five to seven centimeters, and the plant is transplanted into a more moist soil, not forgetting about feeding and watering.
You can plant a young plant in the ground both in spring and autumn.
Fertilize the plant in early spring and mid-summer. Peat, humus, phosphorus-potassium mineral mixtures can be applied as a fertilizer. You can also use:
- mullein;
- urea;
- ammonium nitrate.
If there was a need for autumn feeding, then it is better to use "nitroammophoska".
As for watering, immediately after planting, the soil should be abundantly moistened for three to four days. Don't forget to water your plants regularly. During the summer season, it is able to absorb up to 250 liters of water. And if the summer is hot and dry, then this volume increases. To saturate the soil with oxygen, it must be periodically loosened to a depth of no more than three centimeters.
Various organic fertilizers, as well as ammonium nitrate, are used to fertilize dwarf birch.
Pests and diseases
This culture is quite sensitive to various pests, although it is not susceptible to harsh climatic conditions. You should be afraid:
- bears;
- may beetle;
- thrips;
- goldfish;
- silkworm;
- leaf sawfly;
- powdery mildew.
To prevent insect attacks, the plant is treated once or twice a year with fungicidal and insecticidal solutions.
One of the most dangerous pests for birch - silkworm.
Areas of use
In Siberia, Yakutia and other northern countries, the dwarf birch is perhaps the only green tree. The young shoots of this plant are fed to livestock. Larger and thicker branches are used by local residents to kindle stoves.
This shrub is cultivated mainly in decorative purposes. This tree would be a great addition to landscape composition will decorate any household plot or city park, rockery or alpine slide. Birch harmoniously harmonizes with undersized coniferous trees and shrubs.
