Has anyone thought why in the cold season in the apartment the door is not covered with frost? Of course, the first thing that comes to mind is good thermal insulation doors. But not only in this matter. The main reason for the absence of frost on the door is the presence of a vestibule room - a small space that separates the entrance doors to the apartment and the street. This room also happens in a private house. But first things first.

The general concept of the tambour

There are several meanings of the vestibule room, but they all essentially boil down to one. So, a vestibule is a separate room or a small part of it, preventing cold air from entering immediately into living rooms. It serves as a place where street and home air meet.

Another purpose of the vestibule is the retention of dirt, dust and sand brought on the sole of the shoe. Whatever rug is laid in front of the front door or inside the apartment and house, it will not be able to ensure complete cleanliness. But a separate room where you can change street shoes for home ones will quite cope with this task.

There are no building codes that would regulate the mandatory dimensions of the vestibule. But when designing it, at least the width should be taken into account inner door which usually opens outwards. Therefore, the minimum depth of the vestibule should be 1.3-1.5 m. If additional use of the vestibule space is expected, then, accordingly, its area must be increased.

The location of the vestibule and its need

By its location, the vestibule can be built into the house or in the form of an extension (in a private

Public places also often have a vestibule. In this case, during its construction, it should be taken into account that what more people will come / go at the same time, the more difficult the plan of the vestibule should be. Otherwise, there will be no sense from it at all, because. cold air will quickly get inside.

Many people believe that the vestibule is a completely unnecessary room in the house. It either eats up part of the living space, or requires additional costs for an extension. In fact, the cost of its construction is fully justified, because. funds for heating housing with a tambour room require much less than without it. This is especially noticeable in areas where the cold season lasts long enough.

Tambour in a private house

The construction of the vestibule was invented a long time ago, when a small extension to a private house was called the word "canopy". Today, such a room can be decorated in any style and used not only as a buffer zone. For example, using double-glazed windows, you can build aerial structure, which will perfectly perform the basic functions of the vestibule. If the room is made spacious enough, and the windows are large, you will get an excellent veranda, on which you can gather guests at the table in the warm season.

In the tambour room there can be not only internal and external doors, but also an entrance to another separate room. So, often from the vestibule they make an entrance to Then and to wet or cold weather there will be no need to go outside to get into the car, and gasoline vapors will not penetrate into the housing. An additional door can also lead to the utility building or boiler room.

Tambour in an apartment building

Tambour at the entrance, directly at the entrance, in modern houses does not always happen. More precisely, there is a room and an entrance door, of course. But the next inner door separating the entrance to the stairs may not be.

Tambour in apartment building also called the room that separates 2 or more apartments from the rest of the corridor. Such a fence is usually made not by developers, but by the owners themselves after settlement. If we turn to the legislation in this case, then such premises are possible only if the other owners of the apartments located on this floor are not against redevelopment. Also, when constructing a vestibule in an apartment building, the following conditions should be taken into account:

entrance doors to the apartment to the neighbors should open freely;
on the separated territory there should not be common electrical panels, cables, etc.

Tambour finishing

First of all, finishing the vestibule is necessary in a private house. It is desirable to additionally insulate the attached room, using thermal insulation materials. You can fix them both inside and outside the room. The heat-insulating layer is puttied on top and proceed to the materials for the outside are chosen in accordance with the general concept of the house.

The built-in vestibule does not require additional insulation; finishing will be enough for it. The walls of the vestibule room can be painted, textured plaster applied to them, upholstered plastic panels- i.e. use materials that do not react to temperature changes and are not afraid of the cold.

The floor covering of the vestibule should be chosen so that it meets the following parameters:

was durable;
durable (or at least easy to install);
easy to care for.

These characteristics correspond to both linoleum and ceramic tile, and porcelain stoneware. If desired, you can use more expensive materials, such as stone.

Often in apartment buildings, a vestibule is a room used by residents of two or more apartments. And so there may not be a finish at all. But if relations between neighbors are good, then finishing performed jointly. Materials in this case are selected similar to those used in the vestibule of a private house.

Operation of the vestibule

In addition to the main functions of protecting residential premises from cold and dirt, the vestibule can serve as a pantry. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe room allows, then you can put a cabinet in it, for example, for tools or sports equipment. The entrance vestibule in an apartment building can be used to store various food supplies, because, unlike a similar room in a private house, there will not be negative temperatures but it won't be too warm either.

IN small room you can just lay and install a small shelf for shoes. In order for the rug to really trap dirt, it should be chosen especially carefully. In this case, a variant of a metal fine mesh with a rubber base is suitable. The base will not allow the rug to slide, and dust and sand will settle in the mesh cells.

Vestibule heating

There is a lot of controversy regarding the heating of the vestibule. A tambour in a private house is one situation. According to building codes, heating devices cannot be installed there. Firstly, it can lead to freezing of the coolant. Secondly, even if it does not freeze, the cost of heating itself will increase. This is also not very profitable. Therefore, if there is a great desire to supply a vestibule additional heating, you should opt for a floor heating system. He and the room will warm a little, and dry wet shoes.

An alternative option is to install a split system above the front doors. Outer doors will then blast away warm air. It is not necessary to choose a large system power (considering small size premises), and it will not work constantly. This method is often used by public institutions ( shopping centers, banks and other institutions). Naturally, in this case, the power of the split system should be greater than in a private house.

In apartments, rarely used in vestibules additional insulation, because there are heaters in the entrance and they are enough to warm the room a little. But if there is a goal, for example, to dry shoes in the wet and cold season, then in this situation a floor heating system will also be appropriate. Another point is the attachment of the vestibule to the apartment and its insulation. But such an action is illegal, because. the vestibule in this case is part of the common corridor and cannot be assigned.

What is also called a tambour?

The vestibule is not only a room that protects the living space from cold and dirt. There is another meaning of this word. So, tambour also means a special kind of knitting (embroidery).

In addition, there is a vestibule in the train car. It also protects the interior from cold, smoke and wind.

Whether to build a vestibule in a private house, whether to separate the apartment with an additional door from the site or not - each owner decides for himself, but the presence of this small room, obviously, gives a lot of positive moments.

Tambour at the entrance- passage space between the doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of cold air at the entrance to the building.

In some cases, the vestibule at the facility may be absent. In the absence of a vestibule, only the front door and the threshold to it are examined. The absence of a vestibule does not affect accessibility.

SP 59.13330.2016 - 6.1.8 Depth of tambours and tambour-locks at direct movement and one-sided opening of doors should be at least 2.45 m with a width not less than 1.6 m.

With consistent When positioning hinged doors, ensure that the minimum free space between them is not less than 1.4 m plus the width of the door leaf opening inward between the door space.

Often this room is limited in size, which creates difficulties for a disabled person when entering the building (out of the building). The regulations define the minimum dimensions of vestibules necessary for the passage of wheelchair users.

SP 59.13330.2016 - 6.1.8 The free space at the door on the side of the handle must be: when opening from oneself - at least 0.3 m, when opening towards oneself - at least 0.6 m.

With a vestibule depth of 1.8 m to 1.5 m (during reconstruction), its width must be at least 2.3 m.

At existing facilities, the dimensions of vestibules are acceptable, ensuring the safe passage of wheelchair-bound disabled people not less than 1.5 x 2.0 m.

Depth of vestibule determined in the direction of movement from the front door, the width - across the direction.

For vestibules with a turn, it is permissible to indicate the dimensions in any order.

In practice, there are vestibules of various layouts. To prevent drafts, often in vestibules you can find the location of doors with an offset. In this case, the dimensions of the vestibules may differ from the normative ones. For independent passage of a disabled person in a wheelchair, it is necessary to provide a free zone in the vestibule with a diameter of minimum 1.2 m, which does not intersect with the door opening zone.

LECTURE 4

Structural (functional) elements of buildings: apartment, section, overground and underground floors, attic, attic, balcony, loggia, terrace, vestibule, etc.

Apartment (see lecture number 1)– a group of interconnected premises intended for the residence of one family. All premises of the apartment are divided into two zones: 1 - premises for evening and daytime activity (common room, kitchen), 2 - intimate zone (bedroom, bathrooms).

Residential building section- part of the building, the apartments of which have access to one stairwell directly or through a corridor and separated from other parts of the building by a blank wall. The length of corridors that do not have lighting at the ends and are adjacent to the staircase should not exceed 12 m. The total area of apartments on the floor of the section should not exceed 500 m 2.

Above ground floor- floor at the level of the floor of the premises is not lower than the planning level of the ground.

Basement floor- floor when the floor level of the premises is lower than the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the room.

Floor technical- floor for placement of engineering equipment and laying of communications; can be located in the lower (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or in the middle part of the building.

ground floor- floor at the level of the floor of the premises below the planning level of the ground to a height of not more than half the height of the premises.

*Attic floor (MANSARD)- a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of an inclined or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor.

Attic- the space between the surface of the roof (roof), the outer walls and the ceiling of the upper floor.

Stair and lift assembly- a room designed to accommodate vertical communications, - a staircase and elevators.

elevator hall- a room in front of the entrances to the elevators.

Balcony- a fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall, which serves for recreation in the summer.

Veranda- a glazed unheated room attached to a building or built into it.

Loggia- a room covered and fenced in plan from three sides, open to the outside space, serving for recreation in the summer and sun protection.

Terrace- a fenced open extension to the building in the form of a recreation area, which may have a roof; placed on the ground or above the floor below.

Cold pantry- storage room up to 2 m 2 , located in the unheated volume of the apartment.

Mine for ventilation- a hollow vertical space protected by a ventilation grill for the entire height of the building with a horizontal section of at least 1/30 of the total area of all ventilated apartments on the floor.

Bay window- a part of the room emerging from the plane of the facade, partially or completely glazed, improving its illumination.

Tambour- a passage space between doors that serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors at the entrance to a building, stairwell or other premises.

Foundations and foundations. General information: types of soil foundations; types of foundations; foundation depth, foundation requirements.

1. Basic concepts

Fig.2.1. Foundation scheme

1 - foundation - an underground or underwater part of a building that receives the load and transfers it to the foundation.

3.4 - Foundation - stratification of soils that take the load from the foundation.

3 - the bearing layer in which the sole of the foundation is located;

4 - underlying layers of the base

5 - the sole of the foundation - the plane on which the foundation rests on the ground;

6 - edge of the foundation - the upper boundary between the foundation and the over-foundation structure

H - the height of the foundation - the distance between the sole and the edge

D - depth of foundation - the distance from the planning surface of the earth to the base of the foundation

2. Depth of foundations

The depth of the foundation depends on:

soil freezing depth (climatic region);

geological and hydrological conditions of the site (types of soils, their physical condition, the depth of the solid soil, the presence ground water(groundwater level - GWL), their marks and fluctuations);

structural features of the building (for example: the presence or absence of a basement);

the magnitude and nature of the loads on the base;

foundation depths of adjacent buildings

The depth of the foundation is taken in accordance with paragraphs. 2.25-2.33. SNiP 2.02.01-83* "Foundations of buildings and structures".

3. Types of bases

3.1. According to engineering and geological features, the foundations can be

A) rocky and semi-rocky(cemented rocks in the form of a continuous array)

Rocky soils lie in solid massifs or fissured layers and (in the absence of cracks or voids) are the most durable foundation.

Rocky soils include granites, quartzites, sandstones, limestones, etc.

Soils having a compressive strength of a sample in a water-saturated state of less than 50 kg/cm2 are called semi-rocky soils (soluble gypsum and gypsum sandstones, dense clays and sandstones).

Pluses (+) : durable;

Cons (-): they can collapse along cracks under the influence of precipitation and sewage;

B) coarse-grained soils

They are unbound rock fragments containing over 50% of fragments larger than 2 mm.

They are divided into crushed stone, gruss, pebbles and gravel.

They are not subject to swelling, are slightly compressible, and are not washed away by water.

+: the foundations of them are reliable.

B) sandy soils

They consist of particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 2.0 mm and.

They are subdivided into gravelly, large, medium-sized, small and dusty, and according to mineral composition- on quartz, shale and lime. The most durable quartz sands.

With an increase in the content of silt and clay particles, the strength of sandy soil decreases.

Due to the significant water permeability, moistening of gravel, coarse and medium-sized sands has almost no effect on their mechanical properties, and when fine and silty sands are saturated with water, the latter become fluid (quicksands).

+: large and clean sands do not swell when frozen, give a quick, final settlement under load and are a good base.

G) clay soils

Soils that have plasticity and cohesion.

They consist of the smallest particles of a scaly shape with dimensions in terms of less than 0.005 mm and a thickness of less than 0.001 mm. Due to the large specific contact surface and the presence of thin capillaries that suck up groundwater, a mutual attraction of particles is created, which determines the viscosity of clay soils.

Clay soils include clay, sandy loam and loam.

Clay is called clay soil containing more than 30% of clay particles; loam - soil containing from 10 to 30% of the same particles, and sandy loam - from 3 to 10%.

+: in a hard and low-moisture state - good bases

-: in a plastic state - low bearing capacity;

D) special condition soils

Frozen and permafrost soils;

Loess, subsidence (give a sharp drawdown when soaked)

Quicksands (mobile, low bearing capacity)

Water-saturated sands (give a drawdown under dynamic and vibration loads)

Preventing the penetration of fire, gases, steam, dust and other harmful substances from one room to another, as well as to maintain the specified parameters of the air environment in the premises.

Purpose

Entrance vestibules are designed to protect against the penetration of cold air when the doors are opened. In areas with a long cold period and strong winds, double vestibules are arranged, in conditions middle lane they arrange ordinary single vestibules, in southern regions with a hot climate, exits are arranged without vestibules. :256 There is a known case when in a residential building built in 1918, in front of the entrance to the vestibule, there was a porch - a vestibule without doors with an open flight of stairs and a locker sheathed with a vertical board and covered with an independent shed roof.

Device

The width of the vestibules is assumed to be greater than the width of the openings by 0.5 meters (0.25 meters on each side of the opening), and the depth is greater than the width door leaf 0.2 meters, but not less than 1.2 meters. :255 The protective properties of vestibules depend on their layout. For vestibule gateways, dimensions are required that allow you to enter it, close the doors behind you and open the next door. Based on these conditions, the depth of the tambour-lock is assumed to be 30 cm more than the width of the door, but not less than 1.2 meters, and the width is 0.6 meters more than the width of the doorway. :256

In the vestibules of rooms of categories A and B, rooms with the release of harmful gases or vapors of hazard classes 1 and 2, mechanical supply ventilation with outside air supply to create overpressure around the clock and all year round.

The tambour locks in fire barriers must be protected by deluge curtains with a specific flow rate of at least 1 l/(s m). As a rule, curtains should be installed inside the vestibule; taking into account specific conditions object of protection, they can be provided in two threads both inside and outside.

It is forbidden to arrange in the vestibules of exits (with the exception of apartments and individual residential buildings) dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes, as well as to store (including temporarily) inventory and materials.

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Notes

Literature

Tambour // Concise Encyclopedia household. - M .: State Scientific Publishing House "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1959.

An excerpt characterizing Tambur

“I don’t take back my word in anything,” he said. - And besides, Sonya is so charming that what kind of fool would refuse his happiness?
“No, no,” Natasha screamed. We already talked about it with her. We knew you would say that. But this is impossible, because, you understand, if you say so - you consider yourself bound by a word, then it turns out that she seemed to have said it on purpose. It turns out that you are still forcibly marrying her, and it turns out not at all.
Rostov saw that all this was well thought out by them. Sonya struck him yesterday with her beauty. To-day, seeing her for a glimpse, she seemed even better to him. She was a lovely 16-year-old girl, obviously passionately loving him (he did not doubt this for a minute). Why should he not love her now, and not even marry her, thought Rostov, but now there are so many other joys and occupations! "Yes, they thought it up perfectly," he thought, "one must remain free."
“Very well,” he said, “we’ll talk later.” Oh, how glad I am for you! he added.
- Well, why didn’t you cheat on Boris? the brother asked.
- That's nonsense! Natasha screamed laughing. “I don’t think about him or anyone, and I don’t want to know.
– That's how! So what are you?
- I? Natasha asked, and a happy smile lit up her face. - Have you seen Duport "a?
- No.
- Did you see the famous Duport, the dancer? Well, you won't understand. I'm what it is. - Natasha, rounding her arms, took her skirt, as if dancing, ran a few steps, turned over, made an antrash, beat her leg against her leg and, standing on the very tips of her socks, walked a few steps.
- Am I standing? behold, she said; but she couldn't stand on tiptoe. "So that's what I am!" I will never marry anyone, but I will become a dancer. But do not tell anyone.
Rostov laughed so loudly and merrily that Denisov felt envious from his room, and Natasha could not help laughing with him. - No, it's good, isn't it? she kept saying.
- Well, do you want to marry Boris anymore?
Natasha flushed. - I don't want to marry anyone. I'll tell him the same when I see him.
– That's how! Rostov said.
“Well, yes, it’s all nonsense,” Natasha continued to chat. - And why is Denisov good? she asked.
- Good.
- Well, goodbye, get dressed. Is he scary, Denisov?
- Why is it scary? Nicholas asked. - No. Vaska is nice.
- You call him Vaska - strange. And that he is very good?
- Very good.
“Well, come and drink some tea.” Together.
And Natasha stood up on tiptoe and walked out of the room the way dancers do, but smiling the way happy 15-year-old girls smile. Having met Sonya in the living room, Rostov blushed. He didn't know how to deal with her. Yesterday they kissed in the first moment of the joy of meeting, but today they felt that it was impossible to do this; he felt that everyone, both mother and sisters, looked at him inquiringly and expected from him how he would behave with her. He kissed her hand and called her you - Sonya. But their eyes, having met, said “you” to each other and kissed tenderly. With her eyes, she asked him for forgiveness for the fact that at Natasha's embassy she dared to remind him of his promise and thanked him for his love. He thanked her with his eyes for the offer of freedom and said that one way or another, he would never stop loving her, because it was impossible not to love her.
“How strange, however,” said Vera, choosing a general moment of silence, “that Sonya and Nikolenka now met like strangers. - Vera's remark was just, like all her remarks; but, like most of her remarks, everyone became embarrassed, and not only Sonya, Nikolai and Natasha, but also the old countess, who was afraid of this love of her son for Sonya, which could deprive him of a brilliant party, also blushed like a girl. Denisov, to Rostov's surprise, in a new uniform, pomaded and perfumed, appeared in the living room as dandy as he was in battles, and so amiable with ladies and gentlemen, which Rostov did not expect to see him.

Returning to Moscow from the army, Nikolai Rostov was adopted by his family as the best son, hero and beloved Nikolushka; relatives - as a sweet, pleasant and respectful young man; acquaintances - as a handsome hussar lieutenant, a clever dancer and one of the best grooms in Moscow.
The Rostovs knew all of Moscow; the old count had enough money this year, because all the estates were remortgaged, and therefore Nikolushka, having got his own trotter and the most fashionable trousers, special ones that no one else in Moscow had, and boots, the most fashionable, with the most pointed socks and little silver spurs, had a lot of fun. Rostov, returning home, experienced a pleasant feeling after a certain period of time trying on himself for the old conditions of life. It seemed to him that he had matured and grown very much. Despair for an examination that was not consistent with the law of God, borrowing money from Gavrila for a cab, secret kisses with Sonya, he recalled all this as about childishness, from which he was now immeasurably far away. Now he is a hussar lieutenant in a silver cape, with soldier George, preparing his trotter for a run, along with well-known hunters, elderly, respectable. He has a familiar lady on the boulevard, to whom he goes in the evening. He conducted the mazurka at the ball at the Arkharovs, talked about the war with Field Marshal Kamensky, visited an English club, and was on you with one forty-year-old colonel, whom Denisov introduced him to.
His passion for the sovereign somewhat weakened in Moscow, since during this time he did not see him. But he often talked about the sovereign, about his love for him, making it feel that he still did not tell everything, that there was something else in his feeling for the sovereign that could not be understood by everyone; and wholeheartedly shared the feeling of adoration common at that time in Moscow for Emperor Alexander Pavlovich, who at that time in Moscow was given the name of an angel in the flesh.
During this short stay of Rostov in Moscow, before leaving for the army, he did not get close, but, on the contrary, parted ways with Sonya. She was very pretty, sweet, and obviously passionately in love with him; but he was in that time of his youth, when it seems that there is so much to do that there is no time to do it, and the young man is afraid to get involved - he values \u200b\u200bhis freedom, which he needs for many other things. When he thought of Sonya during this new sojourn in Moscow, he said to himself: Eh! there are still many, many of these will be and are there, somewhere, still unknown to me. I still have time, when I want, to make love, but now there is no time. In addition, it seemed to him that something humiliating for his courage in women's society. He went to balls and sororities, pretending to do so against his will. Running, an English club, a revelry with Denisov, a trip there - that was another matter: it was decent for a young hussar.

Thermal engineering calculation of a translucent structure in the tambour zone

Definition from wikipedia:

Tambour (French tambour "drum") - a passage space between the doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of hot or too cold air, smoke and odors at the entrance to a building, stairwell or other premises. Door leaves are not an obligatory element of the vestibule, there are "open vestibules".

SP 59.13330.2012 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility. Updated edition of SNiP 35-01-2001.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the required dimensions of the vestibule for people with disabilities.

Picture 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

According to SP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings", clause 5, the reduced heat transfer resistance of external fences Ro, m2 * C / W, should be taken not lower than the standard values Ro reg, which are set according to table 3 of this SP, depending on the degree-day of the heating period .

Minimum Requirements For entrance doors(residential, medical and preventive and children's institutions, schools, boarding schools, hotels and hostels)

Ro tr. \u003d 0.6 m2 * C / W.

For residential premises, medical and preventive and children's institutions, schools, boarding schools, hotels and hostels: this includes a swimming pool (FOK)

We get Ro tr. refined \u003d ((2996/2000) * 0.15) + 0.5 \u003d 0.72 m2 * C / W - for entrance group vestibule

0.15 is 0.6-0.45 from Table 3 of SP 50.13330.2012

0.5 from note for b, GSOP up to 6000 from table 3 of SP 50.13330.2012

According to SP 50.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings"), formula 2:

GSOP - degree-day of the heating period, deg. C*day This indicator is calculated by the formula:

For the Moscow region, for the vestibule:

GSOP \u003d (tin - tot.trans.) * Zot.trans \u003d (20 - (+6)) * 214 \u003d 2996 degrees C. * day.

tfrom.trans. - the average temperature of the heating period, o.C = -3.1 (for the Moscow region (Dmitrov - 3.1; Kashira -3.4); Moscow -2.2 degrees C.).

In our case, it will be +6.

According to the set of rules SP 131.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-01-99 "Construction climatology and geophysics"), table 3.1 columns 11, 12.

Duration, days, and average air temperature, °С, of the period with average daily air temperature ≤ 8 degrees. WITH.

Zot.trans. - duration of the heating period, days. = 214 days

According to the set of rules SP 131.13330.2012 (SNiP 23-01-99 "Construction climatology and geophysics"), table 3.1 columns 11, 12. (Dmitrov - 216 days; Kashira - 212 days; Moscow - 205 days).

You must also pay attention to the section (volume) project documentation"Measures to ensure energy efficiency and requirements for equipping buildings with metering devices used energy resources", in short, the volume of energy efficiency.

Heat transfer resistance R0 = b/λ (m2*C/W)

b - insulation thickness (m);

λ - calculated thermal conductivity (W / m * C)

The greater the value of heat transfer resistance R, the more efficient the insulation and the more energy-efficient house.

The condition R∑pr ≥ R∑min must always be satisfied

R∑pr - reduced resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures (m2 * C / W)

R∑min - taken according to table 3 of SP 50.13330.2012, see above calculation,

will be 0.72 m2 * C / W

0 Kelvin \u003d -273.15 degrees C .; 283 K \u003d 9.85 degrees C .; 298 K \u003d 24.85 degrees C.

For external insulation, we take indications according to SP 23-101-2004 Appendix E

Example Venti Butts, λ25=0.040 W/(m*K) for;

R0 (Venti Butts insulation) \u003d 0.1 m / 0.040 W / (m * K) \u003d 2.5 (m2 * C / W)

Table 1

According to node 1 we get

λ \u003d 0.032 - calculated thermal conductivity of the foam (W / m * C)

Penoplex is one of the most economical way energy saving.

Flammability group G4 according to GOST 30244-94 (highly combustible)

Translucent enclosing structures: all types of enclosing structures, including elements for filling light apertures in external walls, which have the function of transmitting visible light.

Penoplex must be used only in the basement of the building due to its high flammability.

table 2

R0 (foam) \u003d 0.032 m / 0.032 (W / m * C) \u003d 1 (m2 * C / W) - reduced resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures

1 ≥ 0.72 Condition met

n - coefficient taking into account the dependence of the position outer surface enclosing structures in relation to the outside air and is given in table 3;

Table 3

Temperature at inner surface fencing is determined by the formula in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 formula (4) "HEAT PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS":

According to GOST 30494-2011 "Residential and public buildings", for premises of residential buildings and hostels

Period of the year - cold

text or tout - the calculated outdoor temperature in the cold season, ° С, for all buildings, except for industrial buildings intended for seasonal operation, taken equal to the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with a security of 0.92., will be -28

tvn or tint - the temperature of the internal air in the room, deg. C. = +6 ( thermal curtain in the vestibule)

Temperature on the inner surface of the fence:

τ int = +6 - (1*(+6-(-28))/(1*8.7)) = +2 deg. WITH

Coefficients alpha (int) or according to the old alpha (int) - heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of enclosing structures, W / (m * C) according to SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings, taken according to table 4.