Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown on own garden bed, homemade mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically resistant to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding the delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the mycelium of an organism with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?
Almost any fruiting bodies can be grown in the country house and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period for mushrooms, they can be grown all year round except for winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we are talking about the choice of place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the availability of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to seamlessly connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.
Most good options for growing edible forest mushrooms on a personal plot are:
- oyster mushrooms;
- milk mushrooms;
- Polish mushrooms;
- boletuses or redheads;
- porcini mushrooms or porcini mushrooms;
- boletus;
- yellow chanterelles;
- boletus;
- flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
- russula-dewlaps;
- saffron milk caps;
- honey mushrooms;
- Champignon.
Also, exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, lend themselves well to breeding in the country. The method of cultivation of mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.
Growing technology
When correct landing mushrooms and favorable conditions for their growth, the first harvest can be expected in 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. Moreover, from 1 m² the amount harvested reaches from 2 to 4 kg.
Breeding methods
To cultivate forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used that are ideal both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.
Forest mycelium dive
For planting, it is necessary to deliver carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be handled very carefully, making sure that the soil in it is not shaken and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the top layer of soil and lay compost at the bottom of the resulting small pit. After which the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place where they are transplanted should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother one.
Germination through mycelium
Represents the most popular method of growing mushrooms. It is produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting mycelium. A place for mushrooms is selected in a shady and humid area of the site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree with which the fruiting body will subsequently come into contact. The total sown area of the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.
Preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from pine needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are placed on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with soil and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.
This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the area and compliance with the watering regime. It is very important to prevent the soil from drying out, so during dry seasons it is allowed drip irrigation mycelium. If all work is carried out correctly, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed as early as next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.
Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)
Simple and affordable way cultivation of forest mushrooms. The seed mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be left in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.
Growing by spores
The simplest method. It consists of dispersing fungal spores throughout the area. To do this, overripe fruiting bodies collected in the forest are crushed into crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing area itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create conditions as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.
In case of absence from the plot forest trees, fruiting bodies can be propagated from the shady side wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.
To ensure that your hard work bears fruit and the efficiency of cultivating edible forest mushrooms is maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:
- It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting off the stalk, but by removing them entirely from the ground with roots.
- When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
- The mushrooms collected must be healthy.
- To make the mycelium take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
- Process collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after they are collected. Sowing the material should be done the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated; frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
- Before planting, it is necessary to clean the soil prepared for mycelium from pathogenic microflora, disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
- The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
- To avoid drying out of the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.
Learning to grow real wild mushrooms in your dacha or garden seems like a rather difficult task, but in fact, the task is quite doable.
Boletus and aspen mushrooms, boletus, chanterelles and porcini mushrooms that you grew yourself will delight you with nutritious dishes in the summer and delicious preserves in the winter.
The big advantage of such mushrooms, unlike store-bought ones, is the confidence that they are grown without the addition of chemicals, in an environmentally friendly place.
For successful cultivation To grow mushrooms in the country, it is necessary to create certain conditions: the site must contain trees of the same species as the trees near which the mushrooms grew in nature.
The mycelium (fungus root) penetrates the root system of the tree, receiving nutrition and giving away excess moisture. A close connection is established that the fungal spores “remember.” Most often such trees are: birch, aspen, pine, spruce or oak. Two or three trees on your site are enough to create a favorable microclimate.
Growing wild mushrooms depends not only on proper planting, but also on other factors: weather conditions, natural precipitation, average daily temperature. At favorable conditions The first harvest can be harvested already next year, and this harvest can be 2-3 kg of mushrooms per 1 sq.m. your garden.
To grow wild mushrooms on a plot, several methods are used. They are suitable both for obtaining planting material and for directly growing the mushroom.
Method 1 - Grind and crumble
The easiest way to sow porcini mushrooms, boletus and boletus:
- in the area of the tree's root system, remove a layer of soil, approximately 10 cm
- chop the young mushrooms, which consist of mycelium threads
- scatter finely chopped mushrooms over the removed soil
- Cover everything on top with a layer of damp leaf or spruce compost
- As the cover dries, it must be moistened.
You will get your first harvest (of several mushrooms) next season.
Method 2 - Transfer the soil layer
One of the most simple ways breeding forest mushrooms (butterfly, saffron milk cap, boletus, boletus) - transferring the top layer of soil, along with sprouted mycelium, from the forest to the summer cottage:
- mark the place in the forest where the mushroom you like grows
- at the end of the season, remove a layer of soil, about the size of a spade, and transfer it to the site
- the time between removing the soil and planting should be minimal to avoid drying out.
Important: Please ensure that inedible mushrooms do not grow nearby. Make sure the soil is not contaminated with their spores. The mushroom is more likely to take root under the same type of tree from which you took the soil.
Method 3 - Mushroom "seedlings"
This method is more complex, but brings best result, since the seeds (mycelium) of the fungus will be adapted to planting and have a sufficient food supply.
- select old, overgrown mushrooms
- place them in a container or bucket
- fill with rainwater or well water (do not use tap water)
- Place the container in a dark room with a constant temperature of approximately 20 degrees for several days. After a while, the mushrooms will spread into threads.
- add gelatin and wheat flour to the mixture, one tablespoon at a time, stirring wooden spoon or a stick
- Spray this solution on the areas in the area that you have designated for growing mushrooms.
In a year, the fungal spores will germinate, penetrate the root system of the tree, and after 2-3 years they will begin to bear fruit.
There is another option for awakening spores: after you chop and add water to old mushrooms, you need to add “French” (dry) yeast to this mixture at the rate of 2 teaspoons per 1 liter of mixture.
After a month, the mushroom pulp will settle to the bottom, and you can use the resulting liquid for sowing. Keep in mind that the solution is concentrated. For sowing, add 1 cup of solution per barrel of water.
After this, you can start sowing mushrooms: using garden watering can spill tree trunk circles those trees under which mushrooms will grow.
Method 4 - Tree replanting
The longest and most labor-intensive method. It consists of transplanting several young trees from the forest, near which the mushrooms we need were already growing, into the garden. Here you need to be patient, because the harvest will take quite a long time, several years.
Although the method is not simple, thanks to it, you can grow the most complex mushrooms, for example, butterfly, which will bear fruit from May to September. Overall, it's worth trying!
When growing wild mushrooms, you should follow a few tips. They will help you, no matter which method of planting mushrooms you choose:
- Choose the coolest time of day for planting
- the soil must be constantly moist. If possible, organize drip irrigation
- Place the planting site in dense shade, within a meter radius from the tree trunk
- in the spring, add fertilizers with a growth activator to the soil
- best time for planting mycelium - the period from late summer to early autumn
- wild mushrooms do not take root well under fruit trees
Method 5 - Oyster mushroom
Of all the mushrooms, the most not picky and not demanding special care- oyster mushroom. IN Lately many enterprises have appeared that breed, grow and sell planting material- grain sterile mycelium.
Oyster mushroom naturally grows on dead wood, preferring birch and poplar. For self-cultivation you will need to prepare chocks hardwood tree no more than 30cm long and no less than 15cm wide. Soak them in water for two days. In the prepared logs, drill holes at least 10 cm deep or make cuts with a saw. These holes are filled with moistened mycelium.
Typically, mushrooms that you transplant from their natural habitat begin to bear fruit at the same time as their forest “counterparts,” but under favorable conditions the harvest can be several times greater. Don’t be afraid to experiment, and also be patient, and you can create a real forest clearing on your site.
Published by DecorateMe. Updated January 31, 2019. Many people love mushrooms, but often there is not enough time to go to the forest for them. You can, of course, just buy them. But there are some doubts: it is not known where they were collected and whether they are poisonous. Yes, and expensive. Therefore, you can find out and try to do it yourself. This not only saves time and money, but is also a fun activity.
The necessary conditions
In an ordinary garden bed, wild mushrooms will never grow on their own. There must be at least one tree on the site. This is a prerequisite for the growth of many types of fungi, the mycelium of which is formed by the introduction of a fungal root into the root system of a tree. From there it gets amino acids and carbohydrates. In return, it gives minerals that protect the tree from diseases and insect pests. A place for planting mushrooms should be chosen away from berry, fruit and vegetable plantations. It should be as close as possible to the natural forest environment.
Growing mushrooms using a special solution
For a small but constant harvest, summer residents often use a special solution. It is made from overripe mushrooms (which are crushed into dust), one tablespoon of flour and gelatin powder. This mixture is slightly diluted with water and watered onto the moist soil under the trees. Fungal spores germinate to form a fungal root. After two seasons, abundant fruiting begins.
at the dacha by instillation method
The collected young mushrooms are heavily crushed and buried in the ground next to the tree, which consists of enveloping threads of mycelium. Then you need to keep this area moist. Within a year, several mushrooms will appear there. You can simply scatter small pieces and cover with fallen leaves.
Breeding honey mushrooms and butter mushrooms
The optimal, but rather inconvenient and time-consuming method is to transplant young trees along with mycelium from the forest to a summer cottage. It is most suitable for breeding boletus and honey mushrooms. You need to prepare a place on the site in advance; if there is not enough lime in the soil, then fertilize it. Trees need to be planted so that they get enough sunlight. Young specimens easily tolerate transplantation and take root well. The soil must be watered regularly, and in a year or two an overgrown mycelium will appear, giving a good harvest.
Growing boletus in the country
First you need to find old boletus mushrooms in the forest. Then place them in a bucket filled with rain or well water. Mushrooms should be kept in it for several days, but always in the house, when room temperature. During this time they will “spread” along the threads. The result is a mixture that, after stirring, is used to water the area near the tree.
Growing using mycelium
How to grow mushrooms in the country using mycelium? First you need to find her in the forest. The earth is carefully cut off in a small layer and transferred to the summer cottage (so that it does not crumble). The brought myceliums must be planted in a new place immediately. To do this, you need to prepare a small hole in advance. This transplant is done only in the morning or evening. The best time for her is the transition from summer to autumn (plus or minus one week). At this time, there is still enough moisture and heat in the ground.
It is necessary to water the place where the mycelium was transferred daily, even in inclement weather. If everything is done correctly, then in a year you can expect a harvest. To maintain it, you need to throw pieces of mushrooms into this place every year.
Growing porcini mushrooms using mycelium
You can grow porcini mushrooms in your country house using mycelium. Removed before planting under a tree upper layer land. Compost is laid on the bare area, and the pieces should be laid out on top in a checkerboard pattern. Then place the removed turf on top and water well. One tree requires 3 buckets of water. But you need to water carefully so as not to wash away the soil.
To achieve the best and quick results the place is covered with fallen leaves or straw. This helps retain moisture, since the mycelium should not be allowed to dry out. It is best to add fertilizer to the water with which the area is watered. In the cold season, the mycelium is covered with branches, straw and fallen leaves - a thick layer so that the soil does not freeze much. In the spring, this “cover” needs to be removed. Porcini mushrooms will appear as soon as the mycelium takes root. And they will grow in this area for up to 4 years. When watered with fertilizers - up to 7 years.
Sowing porcini mushrooms
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not such a difficult matter. The main thing is that deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms are soaked for a day in a bucket of water. Then they are kneaded by hand until smooth. The water is filtered through a rag or gauze. The remaining liquid is poured onto the roots of the tree, and a cloth with the mushroom mass remaining in it is placed on top, covered with turf and watered abundantly. Then the humidity is constantly maintained. In a year you can get the first harvest.
Growing chanterelles
How to grow mushrooms in the country if there are no trees on the site? In this case, they must first be planted or moved from the forest. The mycelium with chanterelles forms mycelium (mycorrhiza), which grows into the roots of trees. These mushrooms love pine and spruce trees. They can also be found near beeches and oaks. But next to garden plantings they don't grow. Therefore, there should be young forest trees on the dacha plot.
One of the most favorite mushrooms of many gourmets, there are two ways to grow them in the country: by sowing spores or by moving mycelium from the forest. In this case, it is best to grab some of the soil on which the mycelium was located. This is the most reliable and fast way raise chanterelles in the country. Disputes are sown in the ways described just above.
Oyster mushrooms: cultivation, care and collection
Oyster mushrooms grow very quickly and give a good harvest . How to grow wild mushrooms at home and in the country? First, you need to select a room that will be used for growing mushrooms (garage, basement, cellar, etc.). It is disinfected with a four percent lime solution. Then it is closed for two days and then ventilated well until the smell goes away. Two such rooms should be prepared: a germ room and a plant room.
Prepare the substrate. It can be made from sunflower seed husks, corn cobs, sawdust, straw or cereal plants. You can use several of the materials listed at once. Substrate preparation:
- the mixture is poured warm water for 20 minutes;
- the dirty water is drained, the mixture is wrung out and poured in for 7 hours, pressure is placed on top;
- The water is drained again and the mass is wrung out;
- superphosphate, urea and a little ground limestone and gypsum are added to the resulting mixture.
Next, bags are prepared on which oyster mushrooms will grow. Any polyethylene will do. Holes with a diameter of 2 cm are made in them, through which mushrooms will then grow. The distance between them should be 15-20 cm.
The bags are filled with ready-made wet substrate. First 15 cm, then a layer of mycelium, etc., until the bag is 2/3 full. Then it is tied and carried indoors. The bags can be hung or simply installed in rows.
The temperature in the growing room should be maintained between 22 and 24 degrees. In bags - no higher than 28. Indoor humidity is from 90 to 95%. No lighting required. The bags are transferred to the growing room as soon as the substrate is overgrown with mycelium. Put or hang them at a distance from each other for good ventilation.
In the plant room, humidity should be maintained from 90 to 95%, and the temperature should be from 12 to 18 degrees. You can install automatic sprayers or leave water containers indoors. But you must not allow it to get on the bags. Lighting should only work 12 hours a day. Regular fluorescent lamps are used. Good ventilation is necessary.
When the oyster mushroom begins to grow, the holes become larger. You can cut mushrooms already on the eighth day. They are stored in special containers or plastic bags. The second harvest appears within two weeks.
Oyster mushrooms can also be grown directly in the garden. For this, a base is selected - logs or pieces of wood. Then holes and grooves are made in them and the wood is moistened. Mycelium is poured into the holes and covered with bark. Then these pieces of wood are placed in small holes in the ground (on a layer of sawdust) and covered with foil. Good humidity is constantly maintained. Oyster mushrooms will appear in the second month and will bear fruit for several years.
What increases the chances of mycelium taking root?
How to grow mushrooms in the country? If the site already has deciduous or coniferous plantations, then it is better to take mushrooms that grow in the forest near the same tree. After collection, they can be stored for no more than 10 hours. Mushrooms should not be frozen. After defrosting, it is useless to plant them - they will not grow. When soaking, alcohol is added to the water (4 tablespoons per 10 liters) or sugar (50 grams per the same number of liters).
The site of the future mycelium is watered with a disinfectant solution 3 hours before planting. Mostly solutions made from tannins or black tea are used). They need to be cooled before watering. Mushrooms take root well if planted before mid-September. If later, they may not grow at all or the mycelium may not take root. In hot weather, the planting site is watered once a week with four buckets of water.
Many people are interested in how to grow mushrooms in the country so that there is a good harvest. There are several tips that you can follow to achieve good results:
- It is better to choose a planting site in the shade;
- if the soil lacks moisture, you need to water additionally;
- mushrooms are planted no further than 1.5 meters from the tree, in the cool season;
- Mushrooms do not take root well near fruit trees.
Now you know everything to successfully grow mushrooms.
Your dacha can become not only a place where fragrant pears, ripe tomatoes and red-sided apples await you, but also an entire plantation of plump boletus, red-headed boletus or dark brown boletus. So, all the secrets of the summer resident-mushroom picker are in our article.
About methods of growing mushrooms
Transplantation from the forest
Perhaps this method is the easiest for beginner mushroom pickers. To implement it, it is enough to dig up a mycelium at the forest edge and move it to your site.
Before you arrange a mushroom "move", take care of preparing the soil under the tree. At a distance of 0.5-0.6 m from the tree trunk, remove 30-40 cm of soil. Place compost of wood chips, leaves and soil at the bottom.
Before laying the mycelium, water the compost and cover the mycelium itself with a layer of fallen leaves.
Advice!
In the absence of rain, water the planting site by drip method for the first 12-14 days.
If wild mushrooms are to be replanted, choose a place for them under the same tree as their mother. For example, it is better to plant boletus under a birch, and aspen under a small aspen.
Reproduction by mycelium
You can plant your own mushrooms for the garden using mycelium, which is purchased at gardening stores.
- Select appropriate place in the shade of a tree, remove 0.5 m 60 cm from its trunk.
Note!
The required area of the site is indicated by the manufacturer and the amount of mycelium in the package is determined.
- Line the bottom 20 cm with a forest substrate consisting of fallen leaves, pine needles, dust and sawdust. Cover the substrate with 10 cm of soil.
- The next 10 cm layer will include soil and substrate.
- Next, mix the mycelium, soil and growth enhancer. Spread the mixture with your hands, compacting it a little.
- The last layer is soil.
The first small harvest can be obtained the next year; full fruiting will begin only two years after sowing.
Mushroom seedlings
The method of growing mushroom seedlings is the least expensive of those proposed. The stems and caps of wild mushrooms are ground through a meat grinder and soaked in water for 24 hours.
Around the tree that will become the new home of the mushroom family, dig up the soil and add forest substrate. For watering, use infused water, and cover the area itself with fallen leaves.
Even among experienced mushroom pickers, opinions about the first harvest differ: some are happy to try homemade mushrooms in the same year, others only after a season.
The methods described above are excellent for growing chanterelles, porcini mushrooms and saffron milk caps.
Mushroom picker secrets
Substrate preparation
Experienced mushroom pickers take the preparation of the substrate very seriously and begin work a month before the actual laying of the mycelium.
The main component of the substrate is fallen leaves, which are collected in the spring and stored in 10 buckets. In addition, you will need 1 bucket of rotten wood or sawdust fruit trees and 1 bucket of clean cow dung without straw.
If you haven’t had time to stock up on leaves, straw, sunflower seed husks and pine needles do a great job. The main condition is to use last year’s material, which is easily rotten.
The resulting composition is poured with a 1% solution of nitrate (ammonium nitrate) and covered with a waterproof material. Every week the mass is shoveled until it becomes homogeneous. This process will take about a month.
Advice!
When digging a place for mycelium, it is recommended to fill the bottom with 10 cm of stones, which will serve as drainage.
The mushroom bed itself should have the shape of a hill so that rainwater does not stagnate in it.
Planting mycelium
It's no secret that mushrooms grow in small families; the mycelium is located at a depth of 5-10 cm. Having found such a family in the forest, carefully use a shovel to dig out a layer of earth 30 cm thick.
Before planting, the resulting layer must be divided into 5-6 parts and planted on the prepared bed in a checkerboard pattern, retreating from each other at least 30 cm. In this case, the depth of the mycelium embedding should not exceed 3-5 cm.
Immediately after planting, the bed is watered and “hidden” under a layer of leaves to obtain a favorable microclimate. All further care behind the mushroom bed will consist of regular watering and shelter for the winter period.
Container method - to be or not to be
Separately, it is worth considering the container method, which can be implemented even on small area. Plastic bags serve the role of a container perfectly, and the function of a substrate is assigned to the husks of sunflower seeds or straw.
Stages using the container method:
- Success in implementing the container method depends on the right location; the most suitable would be a well-ventilated barn or basement. Before you move a mushroom family into the room, treat it with a 4% bleach solution; this will be an excellent prevention of a number of diseases.
- Husks or chopped straw are poured with boiling water for 4-5 hours. As time passes, the straw is allowed to drain. The mycelium is crushed into crumbs and placed in a bag in layers. The optimal filling density is considered to be 0.5 kg/liter. On average, the finished bag should have a height of 70 cm, a diameter of 25 cm and a weight of about 13 kg.
Note!
Extremely important point is to calculate the amount of mycelium per bag.
An insufficient amount will provoke the formation of mold in the substrate, an excessive amount will lead to growth and a rise in temperature inside the bag, which inevitably ends in the death of the fungal embryos.
The optimal ratio of mycelium to substrate is 5:100.
- The filled blocks are tied and hung at a distance of 10 cm. After 10 days, areas of ripening of whole bunches of mushrooms will be noticeable; in these places, the bags must be cut.
- Further care for the mushroom family is to maintain high level humidity by daily spraying. In addition, mushrooms need artificial lighting.
- After a month, you can take up the basket and go to harvest. At proper care one container can produce up to 12 kg of homemade mushrooms, and after another 3-4 weeks you can harvest a second harvest. This method is perfect for lovers of shiitake and oyster mushrooms.
Features of growing different types of mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms
The most suitable place for oyster mushrooms is wood chocks in basements or greenhouses, shady places personal plot. Freshly cut poplar, aspen or oak trunks are sawn into logs up to 40 cm long and 20 cm in diameter.
Holes with a diameter of 2 cm and a depth of 5 cm are drilled in the resulting segments. If you do not have a drilling tool at your disposal, you can limit yourself to cuts or notches.
A small amount of mycelium is laid out in the holes formed and covered with sawdust, a piece of bark, moss or wood chips.
It will take 2-3 months for the fungal mycelium to penetrate all the chocks. For further growth, they can be dug in the street under a tree to a depth of 10-15 cm. Mushrooms planted in this way grow for 5-6 years.
Interesting!
Oyster mushroom mycelium is so unpretentious that it can be sown outdoors even in winter.
Champignon
These mushrooms are the least whimsical and can grow in the most spartan conditions of a dark, damp cellar or dugout barn. The best soil- horse manure or cattle manure, to which 30-35% of leaves, straw, tomato or potato tops are added before use.
When preparing the substrate, for every 50 kg of manure, 12 kg of gypsum, 13 kg of lime, 1.5 kg of urea are added. The heap, moistened and covered with film, is left for 15-20 days.
If the cultivation will be carried out indoors, boxes or racks will be required. IN open ground planting is carried out directly into the ground or in trenches 30 cm deep.
Humidity should be at least 55%, a downward deviation leads to the fact that the mycelium grows very slowly, to a large one - development occurs only in the upper layer.
After two weeks, the mycelium grows by 4-5 cm, and an unattractive white coating. You can get rid of it with the help of good greenhouse soil, which is poured with a layer of 3-4 cm. The mushroom bed is watered using a sprayer.
The first harvest can be harvested after 30-40 days, fruiting continues for 2-3 months.
You can start picking champignons when the film has stretched over the plates, but has not yet burst and has a pale pink color. It is important that the mushrooms do not age, this process inevitably leads to the depletion of the mycelium.
The mushrooms are carefully twisted out, holding the soil with the other hand. Empty place sprinkled with earth.
White mushrooms
Those who have previously planted coniferous trees on the site can take up the cultivation of porcini mushrooms. Most suitable soil is the earth with high content peat, which is used for.
Planting is carried out in a checkerboard pattern on a pre-prepared substrate. Experienced mushroom pickers recommend the first watering with a sugar solution, which is prepared at the rate of 50 g of sugar for every 10 liters of water.
In a year, the first harvest awaits you; on average, its volume can reach 2-5 kg. Fruiting of mushrooms continues for 3-4 years.
Conclusion
Growing mushrooms in a summer cottage is a useful and interesting activity. Can you just imagine how in the winter you will get a jar of fragrant mushrooms from your home bins, have you imagined? Then it's time to get acquainted with the video in this article, which will tell you how to grow mushrooms on garden plot.
Great article 0
Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.
Plant mushrooms. “Who will plant them, these are mushrooms.” But you can plant them, I checked it in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - spores that ripen in the cap.
Everyone knows the “witch’s rings”, when mushrooms grow in a ring. The explanation here is simple. The cap is round, not far from the ground, the spores are poured out "under itself". The next year the fungi grow in a small dense ring. And again, everyone gathers dust for themselves. And after 10-15 years the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for the reproduction of mushrooms in the forest, in a summer cottage, an alpine hill.
This is done simply. As a rule, a mushroom picker, having found an old flabby or wormy mushroom, simply leaves it on the ground, and even turns the hat upside down. This makes absolutely no sense. That's how I do it. I take the hat and put it on spruce branch, or prick it dry. This kills two birds with one stone.
Firstly, the cap does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and dust over a large area. You look, and several new foci of mycelium are emerging. Secondly, the mushroom dries. And in winter, at the hungriest time for animals, you look, and it will please any hare, squirrel or bird.
Your work is 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If each mushroom picker at least 20-30 mushrooms "prick" for a trip, then the mushrooms will become more and more, not less and less. Leave mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure.Source - Do It Yourself magazine
Mushrooms on the plot
It’s hard to believe, but up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms can be grown in a garden plot. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we simply do not notice some of them, others we kick with our feet, considering them toadstools. However, despite the strong commitment of our compatriots to porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms and similar gifts of the forest, it would not hurt to reconsider our attitude towards some of them, growing literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar.
So, in Europe, the purple leg row is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. In our area, it grows on potato ridges. The dissonant name dung beetle does not detract from the value of this mushroom, which can grow on the lawn, in a shady place on manured garden soil. When fried to taste, the white shaggy dung leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms. Umbrella mushrooms, ring mushrooms, and several types of champignons readily grow on composts. One cap of a motley umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. What can we say about shiitake - oh healing properties This mushroom with a Japanese name is the stuff of legends.
My own practical experience confirms that you can grow wild mushrooms in your garden plot - porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, butter mushrooms and others.
Very often, field or forest mushrooms appear in garden plots by self-seeding. Slender pigweed is often found in beds with cucumbers if birch trees grow nearby. On our lawn, fertilized with fertile substrate, two types of edible plutea mushroom grow by self-sowing. Sometimes milkweeds are found in abundance in gardens. violins, morels and other mushrooms.
In addition to forest and field mushrooms, tree mushrooms grow successfully in the open-air garden -different types oyster mushrooms. honey mushrooms are summer, autumn and winter, and it’s hard to believe. - shiitake. You can successfully grow champignons and ring mushrooms in compost beds. Now let’s take a closer look at the mentioned mushrooms and how to grow them in the garden. plot.
Macorhiza mushrooms
These are fungi that live in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruiting bodies are formed only after the introduction of mycelium into the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. in other words, mushroom root. This is why many cap mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, often a certain mushroom is associated with a certain type of tree, as evidenced by the popular names of these mushrooms: boletus, boletus, boletus, etc. Different mushrooms have different preferences for soil fertility and its acidity.
The relationship between a tree and a fungus is generally as follows: the host tree stimulates the growth of the mycelium only if it lacks minerals. obtained from the soil. Then the branched hyphae of the fungus begin to supply the tree with mineral salts and water from the top layer of soil in exchange for carbohydrate nutrition in the form of tree sap with sugars. Therefore, porcini mushrooms are more likely to appear under a birch tree on poor sandy soil than on fertile soil. The question arises, how to make wild mushrooms grow in the garden?
Porcini
White mushroom, or boletus (Boletus edulis). - the trumpet mushroom is, without a doubt, the most welcome guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden. Its nutritional value and taste can hardly be overestimated. For someone who grew up in Russia, no mushrooms smell as pleasant as dried porcini mushrooms.
It makes no sense to describe the appearance of the porcini mushroom; it is unfamiliar, perhaps, to newborns. But the fact that white mushrooms growing under different trees, differ from each other in appearance, not without interest.
Those. that grow under birch trees, the cap is light, the flesh is tender and, according to some mushroom pickers, the most delicious. White mushrooms, growing under spruce, darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown hat, grows under a pine tree. It is believed that each of these varieties of porcini mushroom forms mycorrhiza only with its own tree species.
Porcini mushroom in terms of dry matter contains 41% protein, which is more than any other mushroom and significantly more than meat (31%).
White mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch trees; on fertile soils with a high nitrogen content, their fruiting bodies are formed less well. Although under oak trees, which are much more demanding of soil fertility, porcini mushrooms are likely to grow in rich soil.
The birch form of the porcini mushroom is more common, since there are birch trees in almost every forest. The porcini mushroom prefers to grow under fairly mature trees - twenty years old and older. If they are not there, then it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those that grew not far from the mature birch tree where porcini mushrooms were noticed.
In this case, one can hope that the roots of the trees already have mycorrhiza.
It is easier to grow porcini mushrooms in a garden plot if there are mature birch trees there. I have tested two methods. The first method is simple, but not effective enough. It consists of simply laying out pieces of mature mushroom under the leaf litter within a radius of 1.5 m from the trunks of birch trees. The second method turned out to be more productive; it is based on preparing a suspension of spores isolated from old mushrooms and sowing them.
Preparing a spore suspension at home
From the caps of large mature (and even overripe) porcini mushrooms collected in the forest under birch trees, you need to separate the tubular layer (hymenophore), where spores are formed, pass this mass through a meat grinder, transfer it to a container with water (1-2 kg of mushroom mass per 10 l water) and mix thoroughly. Then add 15 g of dry baker's yeast to the mixture, mix again and leave everything to brew (for convenience, the mixture can be poured into three-liter jars) at room temperature for two weeks. Soon, foam with pulp particles and small debris forms on the surface of the liquid.
There will be a clear liquid in the middle part of the container, and spores will collect in a layer of several centimeters at the bottom.
Adding baker's yeast spores to a suspension is very effective in stimulating their germination. Yeast is a nutritious substrate and also contributes to the mixing of the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and the release of spores.
Sunlight falling on the plantation in the morning and evening stimulates the fruiting of the porcini mushroom.
The foam from the surface should be carefully removed with a spoon, the water should be carefully drained, and the sediment with spores from different containers should be combined into one jar and left to settle for another week. After this, drain the supernatant liquid again, and pour the remaining suspension with spores into plastic containers. liter bottles and store in the refrigerator.
The finished spore suspension sometimes acquires a not very pleasant odor, but remains viable for a year.
It is advisable to use the spore suspension within a month after preparation, since long-term storage spore activity decreases.
Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation
Before sowing, the suspension with spores must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. pour the liquid evenly under the birch trees (you can use a watering can with a strainer) and wait for the harvest. At good care behind the plantation, porcini mushroom fruiting bodies may appear as early as next year. What does this care involve?
As you know, all mushrooms love high soil and air humidity. Therefore in dry time every year, crops must be watered and protected from the hot midday sun. In the area for growing porcini mushrooms, under trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that create light shade and protect the area from the sun on the south side.
Watering is needed not only during the development of mycelium in the soil, but also after the appearance of ovarian bodies. In the afternoon, when the sun’s rays no longer reach the plantation due to the crowns of tree trees and bushes, it is advisable to arrange a light “mushroom rain”. that is, watering with a fine spray of water that has warmed up during the day.
After the night, the mushroom caps are moistened with morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at this time the mushroom grows, since along with the evaporation of moisture, nutrients enter it from the mycelium. Then watering and drying the caps in the evening also stimulates the growth of the fruiting body.
Application to the soil mineral fertilizer may provide Negative influence on the development of mycelium, so they should not be used on a mushroom plantation.
Growing porcini mushrooms in garden plots with different conditions
In 2006, two different areas were “seeded” with a suspension of porcini mushroom spores collected in the forest and prepared using the technology described above: one in the Moscow region, the other in the Tver region. Rarely growing birch trees were present on a plot of two hundred square meters near Moscow of different ages, in the second area young birch trees grew. Previously, porcini mushrooms were not found in both garden plots. In previous years, pig mushrooms, russula and boletus mushrooms were found on a site in the Tver region. In addition to the different ages of birches on different areas, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which was considered non-fungal due to the dry summer, regular watering was carried out on the site near Moscow, while there was no watering on the site in the Tver region. Probably, these reasons led to different results, namely: on the first plot, my labors were rewarded with 20 porcini mushrooms for three waves of fruiting in August, on the second plot, porcini mushrooms never appeared.
Porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms are in a competitive relationship, so it is better to sow their spores in different areas isolated from each other with birch trees.
Obviously, the presence of old birch trees and regular watering have a beneficial effect on the growth of porcini mushrooms. One of possible reasons The absence of mushrooms in the second area, in my opinion, is the presence of boletus mycelium, which is in competition with the porcini mushroom and suppresses the development of its mycelium.
Boletus and boletus
Both of these tubular mushrooms are widespread in our forests, including those near Moscow. They. undoubtedly popular among compatriots and very tasty.
Boletus (Leccinum) is represented by two species. The boletus L. aurantiacum grows in collaboration with aspen - a beautiful mushroom with a red cap and a stalk covered with red scales.
Unfortunately, aspen is a rare tree species in the garden.
Another species of boletus - L. vulpinum - is found under pine trees. It has a darker cap and black scales on the stem. Gardeners, especially in last years, willingly plant pine trees and other conifers on their plots.
Boletuses grow better in poor sandy soils than in rich ones.
The fruiting bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong, pleasant smell that is different from other mushrooms. Boletuses are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. This is the perfect mushroom for stir-fries. The mushroom pieces, which partially retain their shape when fried, form a tasty crust. Fried boletuses have a slightly sour taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable for soup and roast. The broth turns out dark, but thin slices of boletus caps with terry become a decoration for the mushroom soup.
Many gourmets place boletus in first place for taste, fried and boiled.
Boletus mushrooms have an undeniable advantage over porcini and aspen mushrooms: the likelihood of their appearance in the garden plot after sowing is much higher.
Boletus or common boletus (Leccinuni scabrum). The taste is closest to porcini mushroom. When young, it has dense flesh and a beautiful velvety cap; in older boletuses, the terry becomes loose. This mushroom is in many ways inferior to porcini and boletus in consistency. Its less dense fruit body contains more water and does not store well. The legs of boletus quickly become hard and fibrous. To make boletus mushrooms more attractive in dishes, remove the terry and pre-blanch them to remove some of the excess water.
With proper care of the boletus plantation, its harvests are more frequent and higher than those of the porcini mushroom. When the soil is regularly moistened, they can appear under birch trees on their own. In a garden plot where the growth of mushrooms is under constant observation, boletus mushrooms do not have time to worm themselves, they can be collected in a timely manner, although under natural conditions these mushrooms are severely affected by insect larvae and quickly deteriorate.
Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation in a garden plot
A joint suspension of boletus and boletus was prepared in the same way as in the case of porcini mushroom. When settled in jars, boletus spores settled in the form of a dark layer. The boletus spores mostly remained mixed with the pulp and did not precipitate well, so it was necessary to use a suspension of spores along with the pulp.
Sowing of boletus and boletus was carried out in August 2006 on a garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its entire territory, except for two acres allocated for porcini mushroom.
In dry times, the soil was regularly moistened, as on a plantation with porcini mushrooms. The mushroom plot was protected from direct sunlight during the day thanks to plantings, but was illuminated by morning and evening sun. When fruiting bodies appeared, watering was done daily.
Mushroom harvest
By sowing the spores, we hoped that the boletus would take root on the roots of pine trees, and the boletus would take root on the roots of birch trees. In 2006, one boletus grew on this site, but in 2007 there were none. The boletus mushrooms gave big harvests. To be fair, it must be said that boletus mushrooms were found in this garden plot in 2006 before our sowing. But in the non-mushroom year of 2007, there were several times more of them than in the wet mushroom year of 2006.
However, we do not lose hope for good boletus “harvests” in the future: the appearance of even a single mushroom inspires confidence.
Chanterelles and dry milk mushrooms
Chanterelles and milk mushrooms are also mycorrhizal fungi. These mushrooms have gnmenophores. where the spores ripen, in the form of plates, which is why they are called lamellar. Chanterelle is in symbiosis with coniferous trees, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry mushroom forms mycorrhiza with birch trees. Both mushrooms prefer calcareous soil. The true chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) grows steadily from June until frost, constantly and everywhere, even in a dry year.
In Europe, and even in Russia, many prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. There are reasons for this. They are bright yellow, so they are easy to find. They often come across in groups, so you can pick up a lot of them. Even those who are not particularly versed in mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often appear spontaneously in garden plots if there are coniferous trees there.
Concerning taste qualities chanterelles, their taste and smell, although mushroom, is weak. They are good for frying, as they do not fry much, but it is better to cook them together with other, more aromatic mushrooms. published
