Name of indicator

Norm for stamps

IN

PV

Color according to the iodometric scale, mg J 2 /100 cm 3, not darker

Relative viscosity according to the viscometer type VZ-246 (or VZ-4) with a nozzle diameter of 4 mm at a temperature of (20.0 ± 0.5) ° C, s

Acid number, mg KOH/g, no more

Mass fraction of non-volatile substances, %

Sediment by volume, %, no more

Transparency

Flash point in a closed crucible, °C, not below

Drying time up to degree 3, h, at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °С, no more

Solvent name

Maximum allowable concentration in air working area industrial premises, mg / m 3

Temperature, °C

Concentration limits of ignition, %, by volume

Hazard Class

outbreaks

self-ignition

lower

upper

White spirit (nefras C 4 -155/200) (GOST 3134)

Nephras C 4 -150/200

Turpentine (GOST 1571)

Product name

Self-ignition temperature, °С

Flash point in a closed crucible, °C

Temperature in an open crucible, °C

Temperature limits of ignition, °С

outbreaks

ignition

lower

upper

Drying oil oxol (solvent - white spirit (nefras C 4 -155/200))

Drying oil oxol (solvent - nefras C 4 -150/200)

Item number

Item number

GOST 12.1.004-91

GOST 7825-96

GOST 12.1.044-89

Purpose and principle of operation of drying oil Oksol

Wood is very often used in construction and everyday life, but Oksol drying oil will help protect it from the destructive effects of insects and time. Let's get acquainted with the features of this composition, its characteristics and, of course, dwell on the practical part.

The principle of operation is that most oils, upon contact with oxygen, heat and light, thicken very intensively, and a thin layer completely hardens. This is due to fatty acid glycerides, because their amount and the degree of iodine number (an indicator of the number of double bonds in the carbon chain) are directly proportional to the rate of setting of the agent. Linen and hemp compositions of drying oil Oksol (GOST 190–78) are most effective, since the oils of these plants have 80% and 70% of glycerides of linoleic and linolenic acids, respectively, and the iodine number exceeds 150.

It should be noted that in his natural form any vegetable oil hardens for quite a long time, and in order to accelerate this property, it is subjected to heat treatment. When heated, the hardening-retarding substances decompose, and salts provoke rapid oxidation. In addition, special compounds are introduced that contribute to its rapid drying (driers). As a result, the film deposited on the surface becomes solid within 6 to 36 hours.

Types of drying oils and their features

There are several varieties of drying oils for wood. Natural 97% consist of plant oils (sunflower or flax), the rest is occupied by a desiccant. Their main purpose is to dilute paints and treat wooden surfaces in rooms. Such drying oils are divided into oxidized and polymerized. The latter have a darker color, and products treated with it age faster.

Characteristics of drying oil Oksol (GOST 190–78) practically do not differ from natural. It is applied to internal and external works. But the composition also includes a solvent, which gives a pungent odor. Also, this type is cheaper than the previous one. Drying oil Oksol is produced in two grades - "V" and "PV". The first are created on the basis of flax or hemp oils. To create the second, petroleum polymer resins and other technical oils are used. Therefore, when working with drying oil, especially the "PV" brand, one should be extremely careful, wear respirators and protective gloves.

Often Oksol is marked "combined", "composite" or "semi-natural", which once again proves its origin. But sometimes it makes a fundamental difference for those who care about composition. Combined Oksol received rapeseed oil as a natural component, while sunflower oil was mainly used for production. But the situation was complicated by the fact that the new component belongs to the class of non-drying ones. Then it was pre-oxidized, and as a result, the combined Oxol received the same characteristics as the original version of the composition.

In the broad sense of the word, combined drying oil is obtained by mixing oils of several plants or those that have undergone different processing, the addition of synthetic substances and a solvent is also allowed. The use of this option is more common in the preparation of paints. Drying oil of several brands is produced. In the designation, the first is the letter "K", followed by a number. If an even number is indicated in the marking, then the mixture is used for interior work, and an odd number is used for painting outdoor objects.

The last type is synthetic compounds. The basis for paints is alkyd drying oil, its cost is much lower than oil, which is a definite plus. Another type is compositional compositions. Their quality is not high enough, and due to increased toxicity, use is limited only to outdoor work. When choosing synthetic drying oils, you should be extremely careful, because if they contain at least a small sediment natural oils, then the layer after painting may not dry for a very long time. The presence of such inclusions can be determined visually. This mixture has a reddish tint and a black precipitate.

Specifications– we study GOST

Drying oil Oksol (GOST 190–78) is characterized by the following properties. Due to the solvent, it has a pungent odor that does not disappear immediately. The time of complete drying is no more than a day. In addition, drying oil Oksol is highly flammable and toxic, therefore, when working with it, all safety rules should be followed.

According to GOST 190–78, marking is carried out depending on the composition, for example, drying oil "B" with excellent properties is made only from hemp and linseed oil. It can be used both for dilution and for the manufacture of oil paints. It is also acceptable to carry out external and internal painting work. Drying oil "PV", created on the basis of other technical vegetable oils (sunflower, grape, soybean, corn, etc.), has a similar purpose, but its use is limited only to indoor work.

The technical characteristics of drying oil Oksol are indicated in GOST 190–78, but nevertheless we will dwell on them in more detail. The acid number for type "B" is not more than 6 mg KOH/g, and for "PV" - 8 mg KOH/g. The exception is drying oil based on sunflower oil, in which case this figure can reach 10. It is unacceptable for the sediment to exceed 1%, transparency must be complete. The mass fraction of non-volatile substances ranges from 54.5 to 55.5%, regardless of the brand. The flash point in a closed crucible is above 32 °C.

Storage

Drying oil Oksol is stored mainly in metal containers, but it is strictly forbidden to open it with tools that give a spark. When transporting it is necessary to use the transport marking, namely the sign "Keep away from heat". In more detail, all the characteristics of the composition, as well as safety requirements, test methods and acceptance rules are described in GOST 190–78.

Coloring products with Oksol

Now consider the features of the use of drying oil Oksol. In general, there is no great difficulty in this, but we want to highlight some of the nuances, so we will analyze the order of work.

How to paint products with drying oil Oksol - step by step diagram

Step 1: Preparatory stage

Due to the pungent odor and toxic secretions, Special attention pay attention to safety. All work is carried out in overalls, respiratory organs also need special protection, so you should prepare a respirator in advance, and rubber gloves are put on your hands. If the composition has got on the skin, then it is necessary to immediately wipe it off with a rag moistened with vegetable oil, and wash the damaged area well with warm water and soap. Avoid getting drying oil in the organs of vision. In addition, open flames are prohibited in the premises where work is carried out. And all lighting sources and electrical equipment must be reliably protected from explosions. And make sure you have good ventilation.

Step 2: Cleaning the Product

The surface must be thoroughly cleaned from dirt, dust, grease and other coatings. Also, the product must be dry, and, if necessary, polished or subjected to other mechanical processing. Optimal conditions for applying drying oil there will be a temperature above 15 degrees Celsius and an air humidity of about 80%. In this case, the surface after painting will dry in less than 24 hours.

Step 3: Composition preparation

Without focusing on whether Oxol is taken combined or more valuable traditional, we will discuss what makes sense for work. It is sold immediately ready-made just mix the liquid thoroughly. If you are using an already open mixture that has thickened, then it can be diluted with white spirit, nefras, turpentine or similar solvents.

Step 4: Color Features

The drying oil is applied in a thin layer using paint roller or brushes. At the same time, between each new layer it is necessary to maintain an interval of at least a day, since that is how much time is needed for its complete drying. If the combined drying oil Oksol for coloring is mixed with sawdust, then you can putty the resulting mixture small cracks. It is worth noting that it is perfectly absorbed into any surface of different porosity.

Step 5: Storage

Very often we open a container, but do not work out all its contents. And if you tightly cork the container and leave it in a place that is reliably protected from moisture and light, then its shelf life in this form reaches a year. Remember that the liquid is toxic and explosive, so even when storing it, follow all safety precautions.

Drying oils are called film formers based on vegetable oils that have undergone additional processing. high temperatures or oxidation. They add solvents and desiccants used to create oil paints, oil-resin varnishes, primers and fillers.

In accordance with the components from which drying oil is made, it is classified as follows:

• natural drying oil;
• semi-natural drying oil;
• combined drying oil;
• synthetic drying oil.

More about natural drying oil

Natural drying oil is obtained by processing drying and semi-drying various vegetable oils (linseed, sunflower, hemp and others), it contains practically no solvents.

Natural drying oil based linseed oils is an oily clear liquid light color, to which oil and desiccant are added. Such drying oil is suitable for priming wooden, metal and other surfaces, making putties, putties and diluting light thick paints. Linseed drying oil is used for exterior and interior work when painting floors, doors, window frames. At a temperature of 20 degrees drying oil dries up to 24 hours.

Hemp drying oil is a dark, clear oily liquid made from hemp oil and a desiccant. Suitable for priming surfaces, preparing putties, putties, diluting dark paints and other compounds.

Sunflower drying oil dries more slowly than other natural counterparts, after 24 hours there is still a slight tack. The formed film is elastic, in terms of water resistance, strength and hardness it is inferior to films of hemp and linseed drying oil.

Semi-natural drying oils

This category of drying oil is a product of heat treatment of sunflower oil with the addition of desiccants (approximately 5% by weight), the composition contains 45% volatile solvents and 55% sunflower oil. Drying oil does not contain surrogates and mineral oils.

Such materials have a technical properties, thanks to which drying oil can be used for different coatings. By appearance such drying oil is a homogeneous oily liquid of light brown color. Semi-natural linseed oil gives a glossy and hard film that is resistant to moisture and weathering. It is well absorbed into surfaces of different levels of porosity. Such drying oils are not suitable for painting floors.

Combined drying oils

It is a product of the polymerization and dehydration of semi-drying and drying natural oils. This category of linseed oil is mainly used for the manufacture of thickly grated paints. The combined drying oil dries in 24 hours.

Synthetic drying oils

Synthetic drying oils are a product based on the processing of oil, coal, synthetic rubber production waste. They are not of high quality dark color and characteristic odor, are produced in limited quantities. Most often, such drying oils are used to prepare paint for external works. Do not paint floors and household items with slate drying oil.

Shale drying oil in appearance is a dark liquid, which is a product of the oxidation of oils dissolved in xylene. Dries in 24 hours, weather resistant. Joinery impregnates weakly, almost the entire film is on the surface. This type of drying oil is the cheapest, recommended for diluting dark oil paints, painting in a well-ventilated area. Drying oil is suitable for priming metal and wooden surfaces, impregnating wood-fiber and asbestos-cement panels during external and internal work, for preparing putties and thickly rubbed paints, for giving shine to new and old coatings.

Comparison of characteristics of drying oils

Alkyd and oil drying oils are most often the basis for the manufacture of paints. Alkyd ones are cheaper, so unscrupulous manufacturers often use them. Natural oil drying oils are used for diluting paints; composite drying oils have not found widespread use in the paint and varnish industry due to the low-quality coating obtained.

The resistance of most drying oils to environmental influences is inferior to other surface treatments, so the use of these materials for outdoor work is limited. Natural drying oil, the most expensive type of drying oil, is impractical to use for external work: the coating will need to be constantly updated, and this is very expensive. Also, natural drying oil should not be used as a preliminary coating for painting, cheaper ones are suitable for this. alkyd drying oils. Also, alkyd drying oils better resist atmospheric influences.

For interior work, from the point of view of environmental friendliness and ease of application, natural oil drying oil predominates - it does not have a strong odor, does not emit harmful substances. But because of the high cost of this material, alkyd drying oils or oxol are more often used. They have a characteristic smell, so the room should be well ventilated.

Composite drying oils are toxic, and not only during the drying period, the surface treated with such drying oils can emit bad smell and allocate harmful substances some years. Therefore, this type of drying oil is suitable only for outdoor work in non-residential premises.

The procedure for working with drying oil

1. Before using drying oil work surface need to be cleaned and degreased.

2. Semi-natural drying oils and compositions based on them are applied to a dry surface.

3. Drying oil and compositions based on it are applied with a brush, roller or paint sprayer.

Approximate consumption of semi-natural drying oil is 150-200 g/m3. The drying oil dries up to 24 hours.

Drying oil storage and safety

Drying oil is an explosive material, since it contains solvents and oils. The premises in which work is carried out must be well ventilated. If drying oil gets on the skin, it can be wiped with a dry cloth and washed off with soap and water. Drying oil is stored in a tightly closed container away from fire and electrical appliances.

If the drying oil has thickened, dilution with nefras, white spirit or solvent for oil paint is allowed in a ratio of 1:10 by weight.

Drying oils are processed products of vegetable oils, fats and organic substances. They are used for the production and dilution of paints and priming of the surface to be painted. The best drying oils are natural, phthalic and pentaphthalic. Drying oils different types can be combined, but the quality of the mixed drying oil will be the same as that of the worst drying oil.! Virtually all drying oils (except natural) are flammable and explosive materials, as they contain flammable solvents.

Natural oils.

In fact, drying oil is called a substance obtained from different types of vegetable oils - linseed, tung, sunflower, etc. Two types of drying oil are made on vegetable oils (without the addition of synthetic film formers): natural and oxol.
Drying oil natural. It is obtained from linseed or hemp oils by heating drying oils with metal oxides (desiccants) or by oxidation, in other words, by blowing air through the oil. Cobalt, manganese or lead salts of acids are used as driers. Natural drying oils are a high-quality film-forming material that gives weather-resistant coatings. Used for the production of oil paints for any purpose.
Warranty period of storage - 24 months.
Drying oil oksol. It is a solution of oxidized condensed vegetable oil and desiccant in solvent gasoline (white spirit). Depending on the raw materials used, drying oil oxol is made of the following grades:
B - from linseed or hemp oils. Intended for the manufacture of oil paints used for external and internal work, except for the color of the floor;
PV - from sunflower, soybean, safflower, corn, grape or camelina oils. Intended for the manufacture of oil paints used for interior work, in addition to coloring the floor, also for primers and fillers.

Unlike natural drying oil, the coating prepared on drying oil oxol dries faster, but it turns out to be more fragile and less durable. In practice, oxol drying oils can really be distinguished from natural drying oils by the strong smell of the solvent. The approximate composition of drying oil oxol: oil - 50%, desiccant - 3%, white spirit - 47%.
Warranty period of storage - 12 months.

Synthetic oils.

Synthetic substances that are similar in appearance to drying oil and created for the same purposes are usually called drying oils, although they are made from petroleum, shale oils, resins with solvents, and synthetic rubber production waste. Their characteristics are worse than those of “natural” drying oils: they are darker, they dry more slowly, they are distinguished by low water resistance and a weak film (except for pentaphthalic and phthalic drying oils).
Drying oil polydiene. It consists of polydiene, rosin glycerol ester, lead-manganese fused desiccant and thinner gasoline. There may be the addition of substandard oxidized vegetable oil.
Drying oil oligodivinylstyrene. The product obtained as a result of co-oligomerization of styrenes, dissolved in gasoline, solvent or xylene.
Synthetic varnishes are intended mainly for diluting dark paints, making putties and priming iron, wood or plastered surfaces inside the room.

Among the synthetic drying oils, the exceptions are phthalic and pentaphthalic drying oils, which are obtained as products of joint processing of the corresponding resins and natural drying oils. They are 50% mixtures of medium-fat phthalic resin or fatty pentaphthalic resin in white spirit with the addition of a desiccant. Coatings formed by paints prepared on these drying oils are superior in strength to coatings prepared on natural drying oils.

Combined drying oils

Combined drying oils are a mixture of vegetable oils with synthetic drying oils. Designed for the production of ready-to-use and thick oil paints, also for priming various materials.
Depending on the initial raw materials, combined drying oils are made of the following grades:
K-2 from the consistency of semi-drying and drying oils;
K-3 from drying oils;
K-4 from semi-drying oils;
K-5 from the consistency of semi-drying or drying oils with tung or oytisic;
K-12 from maleized semi-drying oils.
Drying oils K-2, K-4 and K-12, as well as paints prepared on their basis, can only be used for interior work, drying oils K-3 and K-5 and paints based on them - both inside and outside .

Composite drying oils

Composite drying oils are a solution of oxidized vegetable oil in gasoline, to which rosin varnish KF-287 is added. In the manufacture of drying oil, it is allowed to replace sunflower oil (less than 5%) with mustard, castor, stone, corn, rapeseed, camelina, cottonseed oils.
Drying oil oil-rubber. Solution of synthetic rubbers modified with vegetable or tall oils. Depending on the raw material, drying oil is produced in 2 grades:
MK-1 - designed for oil-rubber paints that can be painted different surfaces both indoors and outdoors, also for priming.
MK-2 - for interior work and for priming.
Solvents for these drying oils and paints based on them are gasoline, turpentine, solvent.

The choice of drying oil

In order to independently, at home, evaluate the quality of the existing drying oil, it is applied in an even and thin layer on a small piece of glass. Glass is placed obliquely, at an angle of about 45 degrees. Drying oil flows down the glass, leaving a thin trace on it. If she good quality, then after 12 hours it will dry so much that from a light touch of a finger on the film there will be no trace. A day later, the finger, even with strong pressure, in any case, should not stick to the film.

The quality of drying oil is also judged by the type of film formed on the glass, which is transparent and uniform in high-quality drying oil.

In addition, the film from a good drying oil is cut off with the tip of a sharp knife, forming thin elastic chips. If the drying oil is diluted with some volatile solvent, then the film is scraped off badly.

If the film is rubbed into powder when rubbed with a finger or cracked during drying, then you have at your disposal a surrogate, for example, say, rosin varnish. In the case when the film after a long drying still remains "greasy" - there is too much mineral oil in the drying oil, and it is completely unsuitable for painting work.

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