Didactic exercises for children 5-6 years old. Didactic games. Math games for older children

Games are an essential element of a child’s development and upbringing. Didactic games help to establish relationships between practical and mental actions, which is important for children of any age: 2–3 years old, 3–4 years old, 4–6 years old.

Didactic game - type educational activities, organized in a game format. Classes implement the principles of playful, active learning, are subject to a set of specific rules, have a strict structure and a system of control and evaluation tools.

Didactic games for children 2-3 years old: how to develop a child.

The games under consideration, like active and musical ones, are created by adults (educator, parent) and are offered already in finished form. First, children master the game with the help of its developers, learn the rules, norms of action, and over time, after mastering the necessary content, they begin to play them on their own.

This type of activity is one of the leading ones in preschool educational organizations, therefore it is used by educators at all stages of children’s development: first junior group (2–3 years), second junior group (3–4 years), middle – 4–5 years, senior – 5–6 years, preparatory – 6–7 years.

Properly organized didactic games develop:

• mental and cognitive abilities– children will find out new information, generalize it and consolidate it, expand their knowledge about various objects, phenomena of the surrounding reality, about the flora and fauna. Memory, all types of attention, observation skills develop, children learn to express judgments and conclusions;
• speech– the active vocabulary is replenished and updated in speech activity;
• social and moral values– children learn the relationships between themselves and adults, between objects of living and inanimate nature, children learn to empathize, give in to each other, be fair, and attentive towards others.

Typically, the games under consideration are divided into 3 main groups:

1. Games with objects (toys)– are aimed at direct perception of a thing and action with it, therefore, the child becomes familiar with the characteristics of this object, its shape, color. When working with several toys, children can compare them with each other, find similarities and differences. This type of task allows you to organize independent activities, develops the ability to occupy yourself and not disturb others in the group.
2. Board-printed games– aimed at getting to know the surrounding reality, flora, fauna, animate and inanimate natural phenomena. Such tasks contribute to the development of speech skills, logic, attentiveness, and teach modeling life situations, make decisions, train self-control skills.
3. Word games– develop the thinking and speech of preschoolers. These games are based on speaking, which allows you to train the ability to solve various mental problems: describe the properties and characteristics of things or phenomena, highlight their main features, compare different objects (phenomena) with each other, guess them from the description.

Didactic games for children (2–3 years old or older) are conducted by a teacher or parent, at the same time, he organizes the activity through familiarization with the content and rules of the game, its course of action, through clear example how to play. The game ends with summing up its results and analysis, which allows us to identify individual characteristics children.

The benefits of educational games

The games in question develop:

• speech– children hear the speech of an adult and other preschoolers, therefore, their vocabulary is replenished. In addition, the guys answer questions, describe something, reason, therefore, the existing speech data are trained and improved;
• thinking– preschoolers expand their knowledge about objects, phenomena, flora and fauna, learn new information, can compare existing experience with what they have received, train memory, logic, and mathematical abilities;
• attention– children train listening skills and understanding of what needs to be done, how to play the game correctly, therefore, they become more attentive, focused, and are able to regulate their actions;
• physical qualities– development occurs motor system, children become mobile, active, learn to control their movements, manage them, the child’s psyche is formed in terms of the ability to be active in life.

Speech development

Didactic games aimed at developing speech skills are recommended to be selected taking into account the age indicator. Such activities replenish the active vocabulary of children and teach students to identify sounds. senior group.

Didactic games for children 2–3 years old:

1. "Tree". The goal is to develop the skill of using prepositions in speech, to activate the speech skills acquired earlier. Description - the teacher reads a short poem and visually shows that ON is above, and UNDER is below. After playing the action, he discusses with the children what else happens ON and UNDER. Text:

1. "The doll is sleeping." The goal is to develop speaking and hearing skills. Additional props - a doll and a lullaby (crib). Description: The preschooler’s task is to put the doll to sleep: rock it, sing a lullaby, put it in the crib and cover it with a blanket. The next stage of the game is when the teacher explains that while the doll is sleeping, you need to talk in a whisper so as not to wake it up. In this case, you need to bring the preschooler to a conversation, ask him to talk about something. The final stage is to announce that the doll has woken up and now you can talk in a full voice.

Activities for preschoolers 4–5 years old:

1. “Where can I do what?” The goal is to develop the ability to use verbs in speech, listening skills, and social and moral values. Description – children answer the teacher’s questions: “What can you do on the playground?” (relax, play, slide, run, communicate, etc.), “What can you do in nature (in a clinic, in a country house, etc.)?”
2. "Which one, which one, which one." The goal is to develop the ability to use definitions for various objects and phenomena in speech, and to activate the existing vocabulary. Description - the teacher names words, and preschoolers name the properties characteristic of these words in a chain. For example: a cat is affectionate, striped, fluffy; coat – warm, autumn, brown.

Games for the older group:

1. "Vowel sounds." The goal is to develop the skills of isolating vowel sounds from a word. Description - the teacher names a word consisting of one, two or three syllables (it all depends on the individual capabilities of the preschooler), children identify vowel sounds by ear and name them.
2. "Superfluous word". The goal is to develop auditory attention, enrich the vocabulary and clarify lexical meaning. Description – the teacher names a chain of words, the pupils’ task is to find superfluous word and explain your choice. For example: October, January, summer, June, August; jeans, dress, shoes, sweater, coat.

Development of thinking

Didactic games aimed at developing thinking will be useful not only for children aged 2–3 years, but also for the middle and older groups. Properly organized classes contribute to training all stages of the intellectual development of thinking.

Namely:

• visual and effective - the child establishes cause-and-effect relationships through solving simple practical problems;
• visual-figurative – the preschooler makes connections using a figurative representation of an object, phenomenon;
• verbal-logical – establishing various connections between words and concepts at a generalized (abstract) level.

Tasks for the development of thinking in the younger group:

1. "Who loves what." The goal is the development of visual and effective thinking, the synthesis of knowledge about animals. Description - the teacher lays out cards with representatives of the fauna and food for them, children are asked to feed each representative.
2. "The words are backwards." The goal is to develop visual-figurative thinking and the ability to analyze. Description - the teacher names a word, and the students need to name the opposite word: narrow - thick, long - short, etc.
3. “Summarize the words.” The goal is the development of verbal-logical thinking, the ability to combine words into groups. Description – the task of children is to summarize the words given in the teacher’s chain. For example: cow, horse, ram are domestic animals.

Games for middle group:

1. "Lost Toy" The goal is to develop thinking and the ability to concentrate. Description - several toys are placed in front of the child, they are asked to look at them carefully and remember, then the preschooler closes his eyes, one toy is removed and he is asked to see which toy is hidden. This game can be complicated if the toys are swapped, and the preschooler must remember in what order the objects were placed.
2. "Find the treasure." The goal is the development of logical thinking, spatial orientation, and the ability to act according to a pattern. Description – an object is hidden in the room and a map of its location is drawn, the children’s task is to find the object using the map. The task can be made more difficult if it is carried out on the playground.

Exercises for older preschoolers:

1. “Continue the word.” The goal is to develop speed of thinking and consideration. Description - the teacher names the initial syllable, and the child must come up with a word starting with this syllable. You can complicate the task and ask them to come up with several words per syllable.
2. “It’s similar - it’s not similar.” The goal is to develop logical thinking, the ability to analyze, evaluate objects, phenomena, and justify your answer. Description - the teacher arranges various objects in the room in advance, the preschooler’s task is to find similar objects, describe what they have in common, and prove his point of view.

Development of attention

Didactic games for children (2–3 years and older) to develop attention train the ability to listen carefully to the teacher, monitor the situation in the group, which in turn leads to memorizing the necessary information.

Exercises for younger preschoolers:

1. "Lotto". The goal is to train visual attention, thinking, and speech development. Additional material– paired cards with pictures, one set of cards remains with the teacher, the second set is distributed to the children (one card each). Description - the teacher shows a card, the child who has the same picture quickly picks up his card and describes it.
2. "Guess what to do." The goal is to train auditory attention and the ability to correlate one’s actions with the actions of the teacher. Additional material - tambourine, colored flags for each child. Description - the teacher picks up a tambourine, the children take flags. If the tambourine sounds loud, then the preschoolers wave flags; if it is quiet, they keep their hands on their knees.

Games for the middle group:

1. "Buttons." The goal is to develop memory and attention, the ability to find ways to memorize objects. Materials: buttons, chess board. Description – pupils are divided into pairs, each receiving their own set of buttons. The first player places three buttons on his playing field anywhere, the second player remembers the location of the buttons, the objects are covered, and the second player repeats the location of the buttons on the field, then the correctness of the task is checked. Then the players change, the second player puts up the buttons, and the first one remembers. The game can be complicated: 1) by placing not 3, but more buttons, 2) setting time for memorizing and reproducing the drawing.
2. "Noisy Pictures" The goal is to develop involuntary attention. Material - cards on which various objects are depicted with lines. Description - children look at pictures with several images and must name the objects that are drawn there. Complicating the task: students first memorize objects and then name them from memory.

1. "Find differences". The goal is to train the ability to voluntarily switch and distribute attention. The material is a card with pictures that have differences. Description – the child’s task is to find all the differences. You can complicate the exercise if you select images that differ in some details.
2. "Builders". The goal is to train observation abilities, distribution and concentration of attention. Material: cards with 4 pictures, pencil. Description - there are 4 drawings on the card - 1 is completely completed, and the other 3 are missing any details; the child’s task is to complete the remaining drawings so that he gets 4 identical images.

Development of physical qualities

Didactic games for children (2–3 years and older) to train physical qualities are necessary for the general development of a preschooler. Motor activity can be developed not only in physical education lessons, but also in a group or at home.

When doing exercises, children learn to coordinate their movements, become resilient and healthier.

Games for younger students:

1. "Mirrors". The goal is to consolidate the methods of walking, jumping, running and other movements, developing the ability to invent new movements. Description - children form a circle, they will be “mirrors”, the leader stands in the center of the circle and demonstrates the movements, the rest repeat after him. Whoever repeats it best becomes the leader.
2. "Naughty ball." The goal is to develop the ability to throw a sports equipment with both hands from the chest. Description - children stand at the intended line and perform actions to the poem, which the teacher recites:

We hug the ball tenderly,

Let's push him away casually.

Now let’s catch up together:

We need to feel sorry for him!

Exercises for the middle group:

1. "Who is faster". The goal is to develop reaction speed, develop the ability to hear and understand the conditions of activity, and perform all actions correctly. Description - divide the children into groups, place a hoop in front of the groups, the first from each column take the hoop, lift it above their heads and lower it over the body to the floor, step over the apparatus and go to the end of the column. The teacher carefully observes all groups and awards a flag to the one who completed the exercise correctly. The group that receives the most flags wins.
2. "Mousetrap". The goal is to develop reaction speed and the ability to navigate new situations. Description - 2 groups are formed from children, 1 group is mice, from 2 groups 3 small circles are created - mousetraps, the task of the children is to catch all the mice. The teacher is the host of the game and voices the actions: mice run through mousetraps, but as soon as the teacher says “Stop,” the mousetraps close and the caught “mice” stand in a circle.

Tasks for older preschoolers:

1. "Owl". The goal is to develop movement coordination. Description - the group is divided into 2 teams - butterflies and bees, 1 child is chosen by the owl. At the teacher’s command - “day”, the teams run around the clearing, “night” - all the children freeze, the owl goes hunting and takes away those who move. The game ends when the owl catches 2-3 butterflies or bees.
2. "Blind Man's Bluff." The goal is to train the ability to navigate in space. Description - children form a circle, two players are selected: one is blindfolded, and the other is given a bell. The first player's task is to catch the second one with his eyes closed.

Card index of didactic games for the younger group of kindergarten

“What kind of object?” (games with toys, objects) - children take out various objects from the bag and name them, describe their characteristics.

“Find identical objects” (board game) - children receive cards with several pictures, among which they need to find the same ones.

“Ola’s Helpers” (word game) - the teacher takes the doll and asks the children, pointing to their hands: “What is this?” (hands), “What are they doing” (taking, drawing...). And so on for every part of the body.

Didactic games for learning colors for young children

Didactic games help to introduce preschoolers to primary colors and their shades. First, kids learn red, blue and yellow colors, then orange, green and black are added to them.

Basic didactic games with children:

1. Games with objects– children need to match the colors of two objects. For example: put colored pencils in jars with the appropriate color; Make several colored pockets in a shoe box and put pebbles in them; plant a butterfly on a flower of the same color, etc.
2. Board games – children need to choose the right color for something. For example: prepare stencils with fruits, trees, flowers and other objects and ask the children to choose the appropriate color from pieces of colored paper (apple - red, ball - yellow, spruce - green); choose paperclips of the same color as the drawing.
3. Word games– children need to describe what colors they see. For example: a teacher shows preschoolers a drawing and asks them to name the colors that the artist used. This task can be complicated if you use not just children's drawings, but reproductions of paintings.

After studying the primary colors, they move on to studying shades, from light to dark tones. Here you can use your own prepared palettes and clothespins with colors, give a task - select a clothespin that matches the corresponding color of the palette; or assemble a caterpillar from different shades, for example, starting with red, turning into orange and yellow.

Card index of didactic games for middle groups of kindergarten

In the middle group, a card index of games can be compiled according to the following topics:

1. "Child and health." To study the daily routine, children are asked to look at pictures with images of the daily routine and arrange them in order and comment: the morning begins with exercises, breakfast, etc. This game introduces children to in a healthy way life, develops speech, attention and memory.
2. "Healthy foods". The following games will help you remember fruits and vegetables: children take a dummy of a product out of a bag and describe it (“this is an apple, it’s round, red and smooth); the teacher names the characteristics of the fruit/vegetable, and the children guess it; children try foods with their eyes closed and name them, say what the fruit/vegetable tastes like.
3. "Dangerous items." The purpose of such games is to introduce children to dangerous objects that should not be played with or taken without the permission of adults. For example: the teacher prepares cards with dangerous and safe objects and asks the students to put them into two groups, explaining their choice. You can complicate the task by offering to tell the children what injuries dangerous things can cause (cuts, bruises, etc.).

Card index of didactic games for older groups of kindergarten

Didactic games in older groups:

1. Games with objects: describing the properties of objects, finding common and different things, comparing objects, posing problematic questions. For example, why the oval doesn't roll.
2. Board-printed games: mathematical tasks - count birds, animals, tasks for attentiveness, thinking - pick up objects for something (dress a girl/boy, set the table, put things in closets, etc.), find a pair for something, development tasks social relations - study of various professions, ways of behavior in in public places.
3. Word games: naming a group of objects, phenomena, animals, plants in one word, talking about the parents’ profession, guessing riddles, composing stories (“continue the sentence”).

Didactic games for the development of coherent speech in preschoolers

Speech development is one of the important tasks of pedagogy: the better developed coherent speech, the more successfully the child learns, since he knows how to form and formulate thoughts, and knows how to use speech as a tool of communication and influence on other people.

Didactic games that help develop coherent speech:

1. "Zoo". The goal is to develop coherent speech, the ability to describe a picture, and compose a mini-story. Description – children receive pictures with animals, their task is to look at them carefully, and then take turns describing the animal depicted according to the diagram: appearance what it eats.
2. "Good bad". The goal is the development of coherent speech, logical thinking, the ability to describe fairy tale characters, and construct reasoning. Description - pupils, together with the teacher, describe the characters of the heroes of fairy tales, find positive and negative character traits, discuss why they can praise this/that hero (for example, what is good about the fact that the Serpent Gorynych has three heads).

DIY didactic game

Didactic games for kids:

1. “Feed the bun.” The goal is development fine motor skills children. Description – you will need two small plastic containers, one of them should be round. Glue a funny face (bun) to the lid, make a hole in place of the mouth, and put the beans in the second jar. The child’s task is to feed the bun, i.e. transfer the beans into a jar with a face.
2. "Carnations and rubber bands." The goal is to train fine motor skills, visual, color and spatial perception, and study geometric shapes. Description – cut a square from plywood the right size, color it, attach stationery nails at equal distances throughout the space, the child’s task is to use rubber bands to create various geometric shapes and simple objects (for example, a spruce).

Classes for middle group children:

1. "Box of sensations" The goal is to develop motor skills, imagination, and the ability to identify an object by its shape. Description - take a shoe box, make two holes in the lid and sew fabric sleeves to them, put various items in the box and cover with the lid. The children's task is to put their hands into the sleeves, find the object, guess and describe it.
2. "Musical candy" The goal is to develop auditory attention, memory, and thinking. Description - put various objects into the Kinder Surprise eggs - beads, cereals, paper clips, cover the blanks with fabric in the form of candies (each sound must have a pair). The children's task is to find pairs of identical candies.

Games for older preschoolers:

1. "The world of flora and fauna." The goal is to develop the ability to observe, analyze, generalize, and instill a love for living nature and respect for it. Description – cut out representatives of flora and fauna and glue them onto cardboard. The children’s task is to look at a card with an animal or plant, describe it, highlight its main characteristics, etc.
2. "Mosaic". The goal is to develop attention, logical thinking, and color perception. Description – prepare various geometric shapes from colored paper, except for a circle. The children's task is to make a mosaic from these figures in such a way that the same colors do not touch each other.

Didactic games allow you to develop all important processes: speech, attention, thinking, imagination. Such activities are useful not only for children 2–3 years old, but also for the middle and older groups. The variety of games allows the teacher to choose exactly the one that will be aimed at the development of each child.

Video about what educational games are necessary and useful for children

Didactic games for the formation of the syllabic structure of words in children:

Musical and didactic game:

We make games for the development of speech breathing with our own hands:

Didactic game "Chword lotto"

Target: clarification and generalization of ideas about quantity and; consolidation of the ability to compare groups of dissimilar objects according to two characteristics.

Material: three large cards divided into 6 cells. Each cell depicts different arranged nesting dolls from 1 to 6. A set of 18 cards with numerical figures. The number and arrangement of circles in the numerical figures corresponds to the number and arrangement of nesting dolls.

The driver shows a card with a number figure and asks: “Who has the same number of nesting dolls and are they arranged like circles?” The player to whom this card is suitable must answer how many nesting dolls he has, and only after that receives the card. The winner is the one who is the first to cover all the nesting dolls with cards with numerical figures.

Didactic game "Zguessing games»

Target: clarification, generalization of ideas about color, size, ; strengthening the ability to compare the shape of an object with a standard; .

Material: three large cards divided into 8 cells. The first card shows a large and small orange round orange, a large and small purple round balls, large and small red rectangular flags, large and small yellow triangular flags kites. On the second are large and small green oval cucumbers, large and small yellow oval lemons, large and small blue triangular flags, large and small purple diamond-shaped lanterns. On the third there are large and small brown square houses, a large and small blue rectangular book, large and small black round wheels, large and small black triangular umbrellas.

Set of 24 cards with geometric shapes different sizes and colors: large and small orange, purple, black circles; large and small red and blue rectangles; large and small yellow and green ovals; large and small blue, black triangles; large and small brown squares; large and small purple diamonds. The size of the figures and their corresponding objects is the same.

The driver shows a card with a geometric figure and asks: “Guess what it is?” The player must find the corresponding object on a large map and explain why it resembles this geometric figure. After this, the driver gives him a small card.

In repeated rounds of play, children can exchange large cards.

Didactic game "Ovegetables and fruits"

Target: consolidation of ideas about the color and size of objects, the ability to navigate three characteristics of an object simultaneously and name them.

Material: a set of 30 dominoes (8x4 cm), divided into two parts by a line. Vegetables and fruits of different colors and sizes (large and small) are drawn on the dies. Among the 30 dies there are 7 duplicate dies.

Combinations of images on the tiles can be as follows: 1 - empty - large red apple, 2 - large red apple - small yellow tomato, 3 - small yellow tomato - large green pepper, 4 - large green pepper - small yellow apple, 5-small yellow apple - big pink tomato, 6 - large pink tomato - small green pear, 7 - small green pear - large red pepper, 8 - large red pepper - small green apple, 9 - small green apple - large yellow tomato, 10 - large yellow tomato - small red pepper, 11 - small red pepper - large green pear, 12 - large green pear - small pink tomato, 13 - small pink tomato - large yellow apple, 14 - large yellow apple - small green pepper, 15 - small green pepper - large red tomato, 16 - large red tomato - small yellow pear, 17 - small yellow pear - large green apple, 18 - large green apple - small red tomato, 19 - small red tomato - large yellow pepper, 20 - large yellow pepper - small red apple, 21 - small red apple - large yellow pear, 22 - large yellow pear - small yellow pepper, 23 - small yellow pepper - large red apple.

Doubles: 1- two small yellow tomatoes, 2- two small green pears, 3- two large yellow tomatoes, 4- two large green pears, 5- two small green peppers, 6- two large green apples, 7- two small red apples .

The driver distributes 5 tiles to each player and himself, and puts the rest face down in the supply. Then he starts the game from any tile. Players take turns placing one tile at either end of the track, selecting an identical image. If the required die is not available, the child takes it from the supply. If this tile does not match, the player misses his turn. When laying out the plate, the child must name the vegetable or fruit, its color and size. If a player chooses the wrong tile or names the color and size of an object, he loses his turn. The first one to place all his tiles in the track wins.

Didactic game "N"go to the cubs" (author T.V. Khristovskaya)

Target: generalization of ideas about animals and their young; development of grammatical structure of speech, spatial orientation.

Material: set of 15 large cards (20x20 cm) and 60 small cards (5x5 cm). On large cards, adult animals are depicted in the center (looking to the right): cat, dog, goat, sheep, pig, chicken, turkey, cow, horse, goose, duck, hare, bear, wolf, hedgehog. Their cubs are drawn on small cards (4 for each animal, with 2 cubs looking to the right, 2 to the left). The background of all cards is green (“grass”).

The driver distributes large cards to the children and himself, keeps the small ones, asks what animals are drawn, says that you need to find the cubs of these animals and place them next to their mother. Options for game tasks:

a) from above; b) from below; c) left; d) on the right;

e) two above from mother and two below; e) so that two look at mother and two to the side.

The child must say whose cub it is. After this, the driver gives him the card. The winner is the one who is the first to collect all the cubs of his animal and arrange them in accordance with the task.

Didactic game"ABOUTwhere does everything come from"

Purpose of the didactic game: clarification and generalization of ideas about the relationship between natural phenomena and human labor; development of coherent speech, prerequisites for logical thinking.

Material: a set of 30 domino blocks (8x4 cm), divided by a thick colored line into two parts, each of which contains a picture. Among the 30 dies, there are 5 duplicate dies with the same pictures in both parts.

The images on the dies can be as follows: 1 - empty - egg, 2 - chick - caterpillar, 3 - butterfly - bud, 4 - flower - log, 5 - stool - bud, 6 - leaf - cherry, 7 - jam - roll of fabric, 8 - dress - green tomato, 9 - red tomato - tadpole, 10 - frog - bean, 11 - pod - bricks, 12 - house - seed, 13 - sunflower - duckling, 14 - duck - cloud, 15 - rain - seedling, 16 - tree - fry , 17 - fish - yellow dandelion, 18 - fluffy dandelion - ball of thread, 19 - sock - sprout, 20 - plant - ear, 21 - bread - chicken, 22 - chicken - acorn, 23 - oak - cow, 24 - milk - Christmas tree, 25 - cone - empty. Doubles: 1- two leaves, 2- two frogs, 3- two ducks, 4- two socks, 5- two cones.

The driver distributes 5 tiles to each player and himself, and puts the rest face down in the supply. Starts the game with the “empty-egg” tile. Then the children take turns continuing the game clockwise, picking up the necessary tiles and laying out a path from them.

Having chosen the right die, the player must name the image and explain why it is suitable, for example: “A sock(s) are knitted from threads” or “A leaf(s) blooms from a bud”, etc. The player can place his tile only after he names the item and tells where it comes from. If the child does not have a suitable die, he takes one from the supply. If it doesn't fit either, the player misses his turn. The winner is the one who correctly places all his tiles in the track.

The sequence of tiles in the track can be any, it is important to ensure that the two pictures located next to each other match.

A game for any child is not only the main type of accessible and interesting activity, but also a means of understanding the surrounding reality, developing useful skills and abilities. In the gameplay, character is formed, developed different kinds thinking, and also the physical and psycho-emotional development of the little man. Didactic games for children 5-6 years old help to move from an entertaining nature to an educational one, to preparation for classes at school.

Preschool children cannot sit in one place for a long time, they quickly get tired, are distracted from the teacher’s explanations, and begin to poorly assimilate the information they receive. That is why educational board games are replaced by physical education exercises or outdoor activities.

For didactic games created by pedagogical science, the main goal is a conscious teaching method, during which preschoolers gain new knowledge, improve skills, abilities, and develop intellectually. Teachers use various types of didactic activities, thereby developing:

• sensory – perception of external influences, as well as sensations;
• motor skills - motor activity in the form of gross and fine motor skills;
• memory;
• logical, spatial, imaginative thinking;
• perception of space, time;
• imagination;
• perseverance, diligence, patience;
• meticulousness, curiosity.

The expanded use of didactic games for preschoolers over 5 years of age is due to the fact that children of this age can already concentrate their attention for a longer period of time. Classes can last up to 20 minutes. Vocabulary allows them to express themselves without problems; children have developed imagination and sensory perception, which allows them to begin learning.

It is already possible to identify abilities and inclinations, correct and develop them. Preschoolers understand what rules are, the importance of following them, and are able to perform consistent actions independently.

Currently, there are several types of classification of educational didactic games.

By number of players:

• individual game;
• collective game.

By type of activity

• Journey. This should not be confused with excursions, which are educational activities in their purest form. A game journey can last several days, for example, “a journey along the Golden Ring”, “a cruise along the Volga”. The teacher develops assignments for each travelers stop. These can be drawings, songs, poems. While traveling, you can search for treasures, solve riddles and problems.
• Conversation, dialogues. The teacher teaches how to have a conversation and build a dialogue using the example of communicating with a fictional hero or a familiar cartoon character.
• Puzzles. They can be made not only by adults, but also by preschoolers.
• Assignment. Very similar to travel, but the tasks here are easier to set, and the duration gameplay much shorter. For example, the task is set to help place punctuation marks in Dunno's copybook.
• Assumption. "If". "What would be". A question-assumption triggers a game process in which the child begins to fantasize and transform the imaginary reality.

According to the material used:

• desktop printed: lotto, puzzles, dominoes;
• with game items: chess, checkers, toys;
• verbal educational: riddles, puzzles.

According to the purpose of the event:

• speech development;
• teaching the basics of mathematics;
• development of logical thinking;
• acquaintance with nature and the surrounding world;
• development of sensory perception.

A feature of all didactic classes is that the initiator is always an adult. Such activities broaden your horizons and increase your vocabulary. Competitions for quick thinking, logic, and solving riddles and problems allow kids who are weak in physical exercises, but know a lot, to prove themselves.

Developing memory

Didactic games for 5-year-old preschoolers help develop attentiveness and memory, which is very useful for school. Almost all information at school is received orally, this is especially true for first-graders, when children do not yet know how to write quickly and a lot. Developed attention and memory will help consolidate new knowledge and remember the information received.

All tasks to consolidate memory and develop attention are carried out with toys and small objects. Sometimes the child fails to fulfill the conditions of the task, since voluntary memory is just beginning the process of formation. If tasks involve finding hidden toys or rearranging them, you can suggest using a “pointing gesture” with your finger before starting.

The preschooler points his finger at all the toys one by one and describes their appearance. The baby can pick up the toy and touch it for better memory. For the first lessons, you should not offer games with a large number of elements or details: a confused child may refuse to play and burst into tears.

"What disappeared." A leader is selected, at first it can be a teacher. When the children become familiar with the rules, each of them can try themselves as a leader. 3 - 4 small toys are placed on the table. The presenter suggests remembering what objects are on the table and turning away. When the preschoolers have turned away, the leader removes one toy. Players must remember which toy is missing. You can add a competitive element to the gameplay. Whoever remembers correctly first gets a chip or token.

"What changed". The presenter chooses. Several toys are placed on the table. Fidgets must remember which toys are placed and how. When the preschoolers turn away, the leader rearranges the toys and changes their places. The winner is the one who is the first to correctly say which objects were moved and where their original place was.

"Find the difference." 2 pictures are placed in front of each child. You need to find out how they differ. Alternatively, the picture may show hidden kittens or birds that need to be found in the bushes, behind trees or a fence.

"Similar or dissimilar objects." The goal is to develop attentiveness, observation, and teach how to find similarities in color, shape, size, and material.

Rules. The kid on whom the counting stopped answers answers. You need to find 2 objects with identical properties and prove your statement.

Actions. At the teacher’s signal, all preschool children take 2 objects with similar properties from the playroom.

It is necessary to maintain the level of difficulty of tasks, moving from easy to difficult gradually. Exercises that are too easy or difficult will not arouse the child's interest.

Knowledge of ecology

All human life is surrounded by the living world, plants, animals. The child must understand the importance of maintaining ecological balance in nature, take care of animals and plants, and not harm them. Didactic games on ecology for children 5-6 years old introduce preschool children to the world around them, develop vocabulary, and cultivate hard work, kindness, and attentiveness.

Ecology classes can be conducted during walks or indoors, especially in bad, rainy or frosty weather. Before each lesson, the teacher talks about the subject of the lesson. For example, the theme is autumn. The teacher tells when autumn comes, what external signs are: leaves turn yellow, leaves fall, birds fly away to warmer regions, and the like. After which it is carried out didactic lesson in a playful way.

"Guess the time of year." The goal is to provide an understanding of the signs corresponding to the seasons. Consolidate in memory characteristics summer, autumn, winter and spring. Development of auditory attention. Ability to formulate and express thoughts.

Actions. The teacher names weather and natural phenomena. For example, it began to snow, a blizzard swept the street, a snowdrop blossomed, a bunny changed the color of its fur coat. Preschoolers must highlight the odd ones out, name the time of year and justify their choice.

“What grows where?” The goal is to introduce kids to the plant world and places where different plants grow.

Preparation. The teacher talks about trees and shrubs, where and in what area they grow, and shows pictures.

Actions. The children stand in a semicircle, facing the teacher. The teacher shows a picture of a plant and says: “This is a strawberry, it grows here.” If the kids agree, they jump in place. The teacher shows a card with a pineapple and says that it is a pineapple, it grows in the north. If the restless people don’t agree, they stand and wave their hands: no, that’s not true.

"Birds, animals, fish." The goal is to provide knowledge about the species concept, to teach how to distinguish objects into groups.

Preparation. The task is performed in a playful way, using a ball or a small toy.

Actions. Preschool children stand in a circle, facing each other. The host starts the game. Throws the ball and says it's a fish. The child who caught the ball must name the fish, for example, pike, crucian carp, and throw the ball to his neighbor. When a preschooler throws a ball, he sets a task: to name a representative of fish, birds or animals. The one who catches the ball must give the correct answer.

"Guess what's hidden." The goal is to teach how to identify the characteristic features of an object and recognize it by description.

The presenter covers the apple, banana or carrot with a napkin. Invites you to guess what is hidden based on the description. Fidgets can ask leading questions. The first one to name the hidden object wins.

Sensory perception

Didactic sensory games are aimed at developing visual and tactile perception. Before conducting play activities related to sensory sensations, the teacher explains to preschool children what geometric shapes are and how they differ from each other.

Kids get acquainted with such materials as wood, metal, glass, plastic. The fidgets, together with the teacher, find the features of each material. For example, glass is fragile and can break. The wood is warm, the metal is cold to the touch.

"Make no mistake." The goal is to teach kids to group objects by shape and material. To consolidate in the child’s memory the knowledge and understanding of such concepts as soft, hard, smooth, rough, shiny, matte in color. The child must distinguish a large object from a small one and consolidate the concepts of geometric shapes.

Actions. The teacher divides the kids into several teams, optimally 4 teams. For each group, a box or basket is placed on the floor, onto which a picture with an object made of a certain material is attached. For example, metal scissors, a soft toy, a rubber ball, a plastic cube.

The teacher repeats once again with the preschool children how one material differs from another, after which he gives the task to the teams. Each group must find and collect in their box as many items as possible from the material shown in the picture. The team that collects the most items the fastest wins.

You can change the conditions of the gameplay, offer to collect round, square, triangular objects.

"Air balloons". The goal is to give the concept of spectrum, to consolidate the colors of the spectrum in memory: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet.

Actions. Every preschooler has a picture with multi-colored balls. You need to find and tie a thread of the same color.

Any didactic game for a 5-6 year old child is primarily aimed at expanding vocabulary, as well as speech formation. Coherent, logically constructed speech is an indicator speech development preschooler. After 5 years, the baby begins to control his speech. In a child’s conversation, not only simple but also complex sentences appear.

Children distinguish and identify groups of sounds in words. Speech becomes more expressive, the preschooler uses intonation correctly. Can emphasize a sad or cheerful mood with his voice. Preschoolers understand and are able to regulate the volume of their voice and its tempo. They can speak in a whisper, quickly or slowly.

Didactic games for speech development teach you to coherently express your thoughts, build a correct dialogue, and teach you to pronounce sounds correctly. Speech development games focus on Special attention formation of speech and phonetic hearing of a preschooler. The teacher works with sounds and letters in a playful way, and teaches how to correctly formulate and pronounce entire sentences.

"Broken phone". The goal is to develop auditory perception, memory, ability to work in a team, honesty and goodwill.

Rules. The child whispers the word to the neighbor so that other children do not hear. If the child incorrectly conveyed the word, that is, damaged the phone, this child must sit in the last chair.

Actions. Preschoolers sit side by side on chairs, forming a chain. The first child quietly speaks a word into the neighbor’s ear, who passes it on. The kid who sits last names the word he hears. If the phone works, the word was transmitted correctly. If the phone breaks down, they ask along the chain who heard what word, and find where it was transmitted incorrectly.

"Solve the puzzle." The goal is to teach how to divide words into syllables, be able to highlight the first syllable, and form words.

Rules. In each word presented, highlight the first syllable and create a new word.

Actions. Find the word that is hidden on the card. Each preschooler receives a picture showing 3 drawings. You need to name the words, select 1 syllable from each word. Make a hidden word from the received syllables. For example, there are pictures with the following words:

• sun, shovel, car (straw);
• house, rose, guitar (roads);
• wolf, chamomile, tank (gate);
• owl, button accordion, cabbage (dog).

“Say the opposite.” The goal is to give the concept of antonyms and consolidate it in memory. Expansion of vocabulary, formation of correct speech. Developing mindfulness.

Rules. For each word, choose the opposite meaning. For example, big - small, up - down, far - close. You can use verbs: wet - dry.

Actions. Preschool children sit on chairs in a circle. The teacher takes the ball, says the first word and throws the ball. The kid catches the ball, says a word with the opposite meaning, and throws the ball to another child.

"One is many." Goal - the preschooler must learn to form the singular from a noun plural. Expand your vocabulary.

Rules. The teacher says the word in singular, the baby must form the plural.

Actions. The teacher throws the ball and says the word in the singular. The preschooler returns the ball, while naming the plural.

“Say more words.” The goal is to teach how to describe an animal not only by external signs, but also by traits and character properties.

Actions. The teacher suggests taking a picture of any animal and describing it. For example, a cat is fluffy, affectionate, loves milk, meows gently. The more words and definitions the fidget comes up with, the better.

Didactic games in mathematics allow you to consolidate previously acquired knowledge and learn new concepts. Knowledge of numbers and simple mathematical operations helps to begin solving problems with 1 or 2 steps. Solving mathematical problems develops thinking and intellectual abilities. Parents can conduct such activities in a playful way at home, using children's lotto or domino cards.

“Which number is missing.” The task is to consolidate ordinal counting in memory.

The teacher draws numbers on the board or attaches cards to them, but one number or several are missing. The baby must name the missing number, take a card from the table where it is depicted, and show it to everyone.

"More or less". Preschoolers must memorize the meaning of the concepts “more” or “less.” To do this, the child is asked to name a number that is greater or less than the number written on the board.

"Magic bag" The task is to consolidate in memory knowledge about geometric shapes. The children take turns taking a figure out of the bag by touch and describing it.

"Orientation in space." The preschooler must correctly navigate in space, understand the meaning of the terms: behind, side, left, right, below, above. You can suggest finding comfortable spot doll Place it in the middle, then move it back. Park the car behind.

The study of traffic rules in preschool institutions is given special importance. Knowing and following the rules of behavior on the road helps protect the life and health of preschoolers.

Acquaintance with road rules begins in a playful way with an acquaintance with the colors of traffic lights.

"Traffic light". The goal is to teach the rules of safe crossing of streets and intersections. Learn what the traffic light colors mean.

Preparation. The teacher shows a picture of a traffic light and explains the meaning of each color. He tells you how to cross the road correctly, what a zebra crossing is, whether you need to let a car pass, and how to check that there is no danger on the road. Children repeat and retell what they remember.

A model of a road with an intersection, where there is a roadway and a sidewalk, is being prepared. Figures of pedestrians are cut out of cardboard and painted. Car figures are made in the same way. Instead of cardboard crafts, you can use toy models of cars and small dolls.

Actions. One child places cars and dolls on a model road. Turns on the traffic light and changes colors one by one. The second kid guides pedestrians across the road and helps cars pass. After completing the gameplay, preschoolers change roles. When summing up, the number of errors is taken into account. The little one who makes the fewest mistakes wins.

To reinforce the educational material, you can conduct practical classes in the playroom or in the courtyard of a preschool institution. If the game activity is held indoors, then you can make a road, sidewalk and pedestrian zebra crossing using colored ribbons. On the street, all the details of the crossing can be drawn with white chalk.

There are board game sets for learning the rules of the road. They contain a playing field, cubes, chips, figures of cars and pedestrians, as well as road signs on stands. Several people can take part in the game. Preschoolers take turns throwing the dice, taking as many steps as the dice shows. If there is a red traffic light on the playing field, the pedestrian skips a turn, a green light continues moving.

“Connect parts of signs into a whole.” Kids love to collect puzzles - images of something cut into pieces. Give each child a cut-out picture of a road sign to assemble. When the fidget has collected a road sign, he raises his hand. Tells his group mates what sign he has collected and what this road sign means.

Basics of life safety

Sometimes a circumstance may arise when a preschooler must urgently provide first aid, call the fire brigade, ambulance or the police. It is necessary to prepare young children for such situations. Preschoolers should be able to call adults for help, call the phone and call an ambulance or fire truck.

"Fire, help." The goal is to help the little man prepare for an unplanned situation. Teach how to call emergency services, explain the rules of behavior.

Preparation. The teacher talks about dangerous household objects, things that are very dangerous to play with. Shows telephone numbers of firefighters, ambulance, police, which are written on a piece of paper. Tells you how to call for help correctly. 2 phones are brought.

Actions. There is a fire in the room: you must quickly get outside and do not try to extinguish the fire yourself. The baby takes the phone and makes a call to number 01. The operator accepts the call.

A fire witness or victim reports:

• your last name, first name;
• reports that it is on fire, for example, a house is on fire, an apartment is on fire;
• indicates the exact address of the fire;
• waiting for the firefighters to arrive.

During active outdoor games, it is not uncommon for a fidget to fall, break his knee until it bleeds, or accidentally injure himself with scissors during exercise. Preschoolers should be able to wash a wound, calm an upset friend, bandage a cut, and call adults for help.

Karina is a regular expert on the PupsFull portal. She writes articles about games, pregnancy, parenting and learning, child care and the health of mother and child.

Articles written

Didactic games for kindergarten. Senior group

Didactic games are a type of games for the purpose of teaching and raising children. Didactic games were specially created by teachers to teach children. They are aimed at solving specific tasks teaching children, but at the same time the educational and developmental influence of gaming activities is manifested in them. This is one of the methods of active learning for preschoolers and students primary school, and this is no coincidence. A child will not sit and listen to a boring lecture or report; he will not remember anything, because he is not interested in it. The child loves to play. Therefore, pedagogy has combined business with pleasure; by playing didactic games, the child learns without even knowing it. He's interested. He remembers. We offer many educational games on completely different topics to educators and primary school teachers, as well as parents on the 7guru website.

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