The use of bituminous mastics and the rules for working with them. Bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation Rubber bitumen mastic for a wet base

Bituminous mastic is an innovative building material that has high waterproofing and astringent properties. It consists of minerals, bitumen and organic matter. Affordable price And good result made it widely used in construction.

Substances used for dilution:

White Spirit;
Petrol;
Kerosene.

Proportions should be strictly observed, which depend on the volume of mastic used. Otherwise, this will lead to a slow drying of the solution and, as a result, to the loss of its protective qualities.

Methods for applying mastic.

There are two methods for applying mastic: cold and hot. cold way, in turn, is manual and mechanized. The first method is suitable if the object is small, and the second is used when the work area is large or hard-to-reach places need to be processed.

For the manual method, large paint brushes, flute brushes are ideal for such work. In addition, you can use a roller with a short nap.
At mechanical way the main tool is an airless sprayer with a pressure of 150 bar.

Bituminous mastic. Consumption per m2.

When installing and repairing soft roofs, consumption rates will be different and depend on the type of mastic:

BiEM - 8 - 10 kg / m²;
bitumen in briquettes - 4-6 kg / m²;
bitumen-rubber - 2-5 kg / m²;
bitumen-polymer - 2-5 kg / m²;
hydroelastic - 3-5 kg / m².

For sealing joints and seams:

Germabutil-2M - 0.3 - 0.5 kg / linear meter;
BK Fix - 0.3 - 0.5 kg / running meter;
bituminous in briquettes - 0.5 - 1 kg / linear meter;
hydroelastic - 0.3-0.5 1 kg / linear meter.

Protection metal coatings from the effects of corrosion:

bitumen-polymer - 0.5-1.5 kg / m²;
bitumen-rubber - 0.5-1.5 kg / m²;
bitumen in briquettes - 0.5-1.5 kg / m².

For waterproofing the foundation, we take 2 - 4 kg / m².

How long does the mastic dry?

The average drying time is 1 - 3 days and depends on such factors:

ambient temperature;
air humidity level;
the thickness of the applied layer;
exposure to direct sunlight;
surface material.

This mastic is great option to treat your roof or foundation. Don't forget the importance of good waterproofing. And then your house will serve you for many years.

How to work with bituminous mastic. Video.

Waterproofing a house is a guarantee of its durability, strength and reliability. Using bitumen for the foundation, you can protect the building from the harmful effects of moisture and loosening of the foundation. A well-insulated building structure extends its lifespan. Bituminous mastic is applied simply and financially.

What are the types of bitumen

As raw materials in the manufacture of mastic for the foundation are used sand, cement, mineral wool diluted with petroleum bitumen. According to the type of binding components, they are divided into:

bituminous in its pure form;
rubber-bitumen;
bitumen-polymer.

Bitumen without additives - the most economical option of all types, but not as strong and durable. Rubber-bitumen mastics are more expensive, have excellent waterproofing properties. Bitumen-polymer - require more money, compensating for costs with such characteristics as reliability, durability, moisture resistance.

According to the application method, bitumen for waterproofing is divided into two types:

cold;

Due to the seamless coating of the underground structure, moisture access to it does not contribute to the destruction of the foundation, and the impact on it is minimal. The ease of use of the material allows you to perform waterproofing with your own hands, eliminating the need to spend additional cash for the wages of hired workers.

cold mastic

Most often used during construction work. Its main merit is no need to apply special technical means or have certain skills in the industry.

For foundation waterproofing in temperate climates usually apply mastic on water based or polyester. For northern latitudes, a bituminous group with the presence of polymer components is more suitable, which can be used even when sub-zero temperatures. At the same time, both foreign manufacturers and domestic ones guarantee the quality. Cold mastic, depending on the amount of ingredients included in its composition, is:

one-component;
two-component.

One-component mastic can be used immediately after pre-mixing. But on the other hand, her working hours are longer than those of the other group. After completing one of the stages of work, it is enough just to close the container with bitumen until next moment applications.

With a two-component material, the situation is more complicated. He requires thorough mixing and instant application on work surface because it freezes almost immediately. Among the advantages of the material - long term storage and strength.

Hot type of bitumen

Waterproofing the foundation with hot bitumen is used in exceptional cases when it is necessary give the base maximum strength. The difficulty of working with a hot product is the need to preheat to 300 degrees. This process requires the involvement of professional workers and the use of special equipment.

At the same time, it is important to observe safety precautions and not ignore the rules. If there is no experience in handling hot bitumen, and there is no toolkit either, contact specialists or choose the option of cold mastic.

Pros and cons of using for the foundation

Using bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation, you should familiarize yourself with it distinctive features and their role in the building process.

Due to the exceptional properties of bitumen over the entire area of the foundation a durable and waterproof film is created. It not only clogs cracks, fills pores, but also prevents the appearance of fungal plaque, as well as mold on the surface. Good adhesion indicates readiness to interact with any base material under monolithic walls.

Favorably tolerates temperature changes - withstands fluctuations in the range from -70 degrees to +1200. This allows to carry out construction works using bituminous mastic in any season. After final drying, it envelops the foundation with a membrane that can withstand significant mechanical stress from the outside due to its strength and elasticity.

It shows resistance to aggressive chemical environments and at the same time is characterized by non-toxic application technology and ease of installation process. To do this, you do not need to have special skills or have additional equipment available - the only exception is the use of hot polymer-based bitumen. The price remains reasonable.

Bituminous mastic is easy to transport, and you can work with it quickly, as there are ready-made mixtures that do not need to be diluted and mixed. The coating does not swell, does not crack under the influence of water.

During the period of work with large areas of coverage, the complexity of the process increases. Need to spend time on layer polymerization, but these are not so significant disadvantages compared to the existing mass of advantages.

Construction of buildings, structures for various purposes and the degree of complexity always involves the implementation waterproofing works to protect against impact ground water. Materials for these purposes are special mastics or impregnations that ensure the watertightness of structures.

At the stage of the zero cycle, before driving metal piles, they are treated with anti-corrosion treatment. The use of bituminous mastic for the foundation is the most common method of waterproofing. The laying of sewer pipelines is often carried out from cast iron pipes with a protective layer of bitumen applied at the factory. It is indispensable for the device roll roofing, underlying floor layers in wet rooms of apartments and artificial reservoirs, when gluing heat-insulating boards on vertical surfaces.

Types and properties

On the market building materials there are many varieties of mastics, differing in preparation methods, application methods, and in the properties of the additives used.

The use of bituminous mastic of cold application has a number of advantages: it does not require heating, it is more convenient to apply, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and the choice of color. After applying such a material to the surface, the solvent included in the composition evaporates, the coating layer hardens and provides the required functional qualities. Hot-applied mastics require pre-heating before application, they are more flexible and allow work at low temperatures.

One-component mastics - this composition is used without pre-training; it hardens quickly, so an opened package should only be used at one time. Two-component products must be mixed with thickeners or solvents before use. Their shelf life is longer.

In the manufacture of mastics, various components are added to the base material - bitumen, obtained in the process of oil refining, to impart certain properties. It is modified latex, synthetic rubber, various fillers of mineral origin, pulverized state, fine-grained rubber. They provide good adhesion, elasticity, resistance to mechanical stress and temperature extremes.

Technology

Application of bituminous mastic by coating is carried out on previously prepared surfaces. They are cleaned of dust, dirt, sagging. Joints, cracks and chips of foundation structures are carefully sealed cement-sand mortar. If necessary, primers are applied. After it has completely dried, the first layer is applied. waterproofing material in horizontal directions.

At manual way for applying bituminous mastic, ordinary paint brushes, rollers and brushes with a short pile are used. The mechanized method is possible with a special atomizer that provides sufficient pressure for viscous liquids.

The thickness of the protective layer can be from 3 millimeters to several centimeters. Vertical surfaces are processed in two layers. The next layer is applied after the previous one has dried in continuous vertical stripes without gaps.

Application own production bituminous mastic for foundations will reduce material costs and obtain material of the required quality. To do this, the construction site requires equipment for heating or simple focus from brick.

Bituminous briquettes are crushed and heated in a metal container to a liquid state. The liquids contained in it are evaporated during boiling and constant stirring, the resulting foam must be removed. When foam ceases to form on the surface, heating stops. The mastic of the required consistency is directly obtained by mixing in certain proportions the bitumen obtained during cooking and solvents - gasoline or kerosene. In this case, liquid bitumen is added in small portions to a container with a solvent and vigorously stirred until a homogeneous state. As a thickener, ordinary cement can be added in small doses.

During the manufacture of bituminous mastic with your own hands, strict adherence to the rules for the safe handling of fire and combustible substances is required. It is necessary to use personal protective equipment - shoes, glasses, gloves, a protective suit.

Advantages and disadvantages

As with any waterproofing material, the bituminous mixture has its advantages and disadvantages.

Processing with bitumen makes it possible to make a seamless layer;
The consumption of waterproofing material is negligible;
Any type of base can be treated with bitumen;
Processing is possible without assistants;
Usually processing does not take much time;
Bitumen has a long service life;
Work can be carried out at any time of the year;
The protective waterproofing layer is resistant to aggressive environments;
Mastic can be bought at any major building market;
The waterproofing layer does not swell from exposure to moisture and does not crack;
Special components in the composition protect the base from mold and mildew.

The disadvantages of such waterproofing include the complexity of the work when processing a large base. Sometimes you have to wait until the waterproofing hardens.

As a result of processing the foundation with bituminous grout, you will receive:

Increased building durability.
foundation reliability.
Excellent protection against penetration of mold and mildew.
No high humidity in the rooms.

Mastic for the base: composition, types and features of work

Bituminous waterproofing is a homogeneous mass consisting of modifiers, acetone (or other solvent) and a base. Components that protect the base from corrosion, mold and fungi can also be added to the composition. The main component of such waterproofing is bitumen - a viscous composition of natural origin.

There are several types of bituminous waterproofing:

Bitumen-polymer waterproofing;
Bitumen-emulsion waterproofing (used in preparatory processing, other types of mastic are applied on top of it);
Construction bitumen (for work, bitumen is heated to 300 degrees. The consumption of such material is much higher.);
Bitumen-rubber waterproofing (the mixture is applied heated).

Now bitumen-rubber (bitumen with the addition of crushed rubber) and bitumen-polymer mastics are especially popular. They have an increased service life (the service life is 25-30 years longer than that of conventional mastics).

Consumption of bituminous waterproofing

For an accurate calculation required material you need to find out the area of \u200b\u200bthe base, to know what material was used for its construction.
The presence of chips, holes and microcracks increases consumption.
If bitumen is used as a link between the base and roll waterproofing, then the consumption will be insignificant (1.5 kg per 1 sq. M.).
If bituminous mastic is used as the main means of waterproofing, then the layer must be at least 3 mm (3.5 kg per 1 sq. M.).
If you use hot mastic, then its consumption will be greater.
On the mastic label, the manufacturer indicates the approximate consumption.

Stages of waterproofing with bituminous mastic

Stage 1

To carry out waterproofing work, you need to properly prepare the base. This will help reduce consumption, and increase the adhesion of the layer to the foundation surface.

If the surface to be treated has many holes, chips and cracks, it must be rubbed with a concrete solution (thoroughly mixed). If you do not prepare, the bituminous layer may burst and then additional application of mastic will be required, and this will significantly increase its consumption.

If the base to be processed has sharp scallops, then they must be removed with a grinder with a grinding nozzle. The sharp corners of the base should also be processed (cut and rounded).

The entire surface of the base must be free of cracks, recesses and protrusions, sharp corners should be rounded. With the help of simple preparatory work you can reduce material consumption by about one and a half times!

Having made the surface smooth, the base should be cleaned of dirt. Then dry the entire surface to be treated with a building hair dryer. This will protect the mastic from swelling and cracking.

A simple test can be performed to ensure that the substrate has dried sufficiently. Take polyethylene film and put it on the foundation for a day. If the next day moisture does not appear on it, then you can start working, and if moisture appears on the film, then the foundation needs to be dried.

Stage 2

To reduce the consumption of bituminous mastic, and improve the adhesion of the material to the surface, primer treatment with a primer is required. The primer must be selected according to the mastic you have chosen.

The primer is applied evenly over the entire base and in one layer. A roller can be used to apply the primer with primer. After completing the application of the preparatory layer, it needs to dry (from two to five hours).

Layers of mastic should be continuous and without breaks. Bituminous waterproofing is applied with a roller or brush from the bottom up. Subsequent layers of waterproofing are applied after the previous ones have completely dried.

After finishing the application of the last layer, the surface should be sprinkled with soft turf. This will increase the life of the waterproofing.

To reduce the consumption of waterproofing mastic, you need to carefully monitor the thickness of the layers. A thickness gauge can be used to accurately control the application.
When applying bituminous waterproofing mastic in several approaches, each of the layers should not be more than 1.5 mm.
For regions with high humidity and frequent rainfall great solution there will be waterproofing from polymer-bitumen mastic.
The bituminous waterproofing layer can be applied using airless units.
solidification different types mastic can take different time. If you doubt whether the mastic has dried, just touch it. If the finger sticks, then you should wait for some more time. On average, complete freezing takes five hours.
On horizontal and vertical surfaces, the consumption of waterproofing material may vary.
The purchase of bituminous mastic should be approached responsibly: buy material only from trusted suppliers and in large construction hypermarkets.

Bituminous mastic for foundation waterproofing updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund

- This is a homogeneous plastic substance made on the basis of bitumen and various additives that improve its properties. It has excellent physical and chemical characteristics, which make it an ideal waterproofing and adhesive material. After being applied to the surface, the mastic quickly hardens.

Bituminous mastics are used in any field of construction, covering most surfaces with them, including their use:

for the roof

With bituminous mastic for roofing, you can quickly and efficiently seal the surface, without the use of equipment. Mastic can be applied to any cleaned and flat surface roofs.

Brief instruction-reminder:

Bituminous mastic is applied with a hard brush or brush in a thin layer. On a small damaged surface, it is better to apply with a spatula.
When repairing soft roof the place of swelling is cut crosswise, the interior is cleaned and dried and then carefully treated with mastic.
Mastic patches are sprinkled with sand to protect them from overheating.
Cracked roofing material after cleaning is covered with hot mastic, when working with which you must be as careful as possible. Coating waterproofing is the simplest, most reliable and economical type of repair work.

Roofing with bituminous mastic:

Roofs treated with mastic have a long service life. If she still needs repairs, it will be very easy to repair the roof.

To repair the roof with bituminous mastic, the following work is carried out:

Eliminate coating defects.
Cut the bubbles present on the coating by making cuts in the form of a cross and dry them.
The surfaces inside the incision are smeared with mastic.
The edges of the incision are connected, aligned and fixed.
A layer of mastic is applied to the cuts, fiberglass is laid in the form of a strip 10 cm wide and the mastic is reapplied.
Large cracks and gaps are treated similarly.

For roofing material

Mastic for roofing material is one of the most reliable methods of its fastening. Mastic helps to securely fasten the roofing felt to the roof, remove air pockets. The surface of the roof is smooth and perfectly withstands loads. Suitable for hot and cold mastic.

For waterproofing

To protect structures in the ground from moisture, waterproofing mastic is used. She waterproofs bathrooms, pipelines, arranges seamless waterproofing coatings in basements, wells and pools.

Buildings treated with bituminous mastic for waterproofing acquire protection from fire.

For foundation

For all types of waterproofing, one cannot do without mastic made from petroleum bitumen, to which organic and mineral solvents and fillers are added.

This mastic is the best waterproofing material due to the following properties:

elasticity;
frost resistance;
good adhesion;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
ease of application.

The foundation is treated in several layers with bituminous mastic from all sides, making it completely hydrolyzed. The cheapest coating is with hot bitumen, but it is more difficult to work with it. To avoid difficulties, it is better to choose cold bituminous mastic with organic solvents(polymer). To work with it, you only need brushes and a spatula.

To process the inside of the foundation, water-based mastic is used. It has a neutral smell and dries quickly. In industrial construction, bitumen-latex emulsions are applied mechanically.

Waterproofing the foundation with mastic is carried out using brushes, rollers, any tools that can be used to apply the composition to the surface. The mastic is applied in two layers, maintaining a technological pause between them. Its value depends on the characteristics of the composition.

On the video - how to properly waterproof the foundation with bituminous mastic:

For floor

For floor protection devices, modern bituminous mastic is often used. It is non-toxic and dries quickly. Bitumen mastic for the floor does not emit unpleasant odors. Most often it is used for waterproofing the bathroom.

For parquet

For fastening parquet floors to concrete or cement-sand screeds use cold mastics:

bitumen-cookersalt;
bitumen,
rubber-bitumen;
coumaron-cookersalt.

The use of cold mastics is due to the fact that their setting is slow, which allows you to accurately connect the strips into a ridge and groove. On bituminous mastic, you can lay parquet with an oblique edge.

For wood

Bituminous mastic MBU is used for wood processing. Processing is especially important wooden surfaces that are buried in the ground. If the mastic is very thick, it is heated with open lid and then mix thoroughly.

For linoleum

Each type of linoleum is put on "its" mastic:

Bituminous for a fabric basis.
Dispersion - for a heat-insulating substrate.
Mastics with the addition of synthetic resins and rubbers are suitable for baseless linoleum.
Before laying linoleum on mastic, the floor is pre-primed. Mastic is applied to the floor with a notched trowel.

Gluing linoleum to mastic

For laminate

When laying laminate on bituminous mastic, the floor is warm, sound and moisture insulated. Equip it in the same way as when laying parquet.

For metal

For metal and automobiles, bitumen-polymer and rubber-bitumen mastics are most suitable. It perfectly protects the car, but before processing, the metal must be cleaned of dirt and rust, washed and dried.

For concrete

Although concrete is a monolithic product with increased strength, it always has microcracks and small pores through which water easily seeps through. Because of this, the reinforcement may rust over time, the foundation block may burst and sink into the ground. Therefore, concrete structures are treated with bituminous mastic, which reliably protects all cracks, pores and interpanel seams.

To do this, use various mastics made from:

solid bitumen;
liquefied;
waterproofing bitumen-rubber.

For expansion joints

For sealing seams concrete pavement you can use hot bituminous or cold mastics produced by the industry. They withstand more than 200 defrosting and freezing cycles.

Bituminous mastic for bridge expansion joints:

For asphalt

To repair asphalt and seal the roadway, special mastics are used. They withstand strong compression and stretching, have good adhesion, and can be used at low temperatures. Already an hour after the work, the road surface can be exploited.

For ovens

To perform work on facing fireplaces and stoves, heat-resistant bitumen-polymer mastic. It withstands temperatures up to +1200 °C and above. It dries quickly, does not emit odor, and prevents the development of fungi and mold. It is a heat-resistant, reliable, durable, bactericidal adhesive material.

For the pool

To seal the pool, thiokols and rubber-bitumen mastics are most often used. Mastics harden right in the seam and eventually turn into an elastic black sealant. To fill the seams use a pneumatic syringe with replaceable cartridges.

Application of special mastic on the bottom and walls of the pool

For Styrofoam

IN Lately bituminous mastic began to securely attach polystyrene sheets to metal, concrete, expanded clay, brick and wood. During work, vertical sheets of expanded polystyrene are fixed with temporary supports for a reliable connection, and a load is placed on the horizontal sheets.

How to work with mastic

To create an effective waterproof layer, the bituminous mastic is vigorously mixed using a drill or mixer.

For ease of application and increase plasticity, you can heat it. Since the layer is elastic, it is better not to apply hot mastic on surfaces that are often subjected to strong mechanical stress. A hot solution penetrates into the pores better, as it has an increased fluidity and, therefore, adheres more strongly to the material being processed.

The preparation of hot mastic must be carried out, observing safety precautions. more beneficial for large scale projects. Cold mastic is sold ready for use, it is safe to use and more convenient. But it costs more than hot.

They work with bituminous mastic at air temperature from -10° to +50°C. The mastic itself should be heated in a water bath to +15 degrees and above.

When working with mastic, you need to be aware of its fire hazard and toxicity. It is forbidden to warm it up on an open fire, as well as store it near a source of fire. If work is carried out indoors, it is necessary to create ventilation.

Preparation of hot bituminous mastic:

Consumption and consumption rate

Consumption of bituminous mastic per 1m? depends on its type. The consumption indicator depends on the type of material. Hot bituminous mastics do not decrease in thickness after hardening, therefore they are considered non-shrinking. To apply bituminous mastic in one layer with a thickness of 0.2 cm, it is required from 2.0 to 2.4 kg / m2.

An important characteristic of mastic consumption is the indicator of dry residue content. This is its amount that remains on the treated surface after it has dried and hardened. With a small dry residue, the consumption of the original mastic increases in order to form a film of a given thickness.

In the dry residue, to create a layer 2 mm thick, 3.4-3.8 kg / m? bituminous mastic. Most ready-to-use mastics have a solids content of 20 to 70 percent.

Applying mastic

In order for the mastic to adhere well to the treated surface, it is necessary to carefully clean the treated area from all types of contaminants. After that, the finished surface is thoroughly dried and heated. Thanks to this approach, the mastic will be applied evenly and you can save on its consumption.

The most popular tool for applying it is a brush or roller. They apply mastic regular paint without rubbing hard into the surface. After drying, re-processing is done.

Bituminous-latex compounds can be applied by machine airless spray. With this method, a uniform layer is obtained, and material consumption is low.

You can also apply the mastic using bulk application, for this it is poured onto the surface and leveled with scrapers, mops or long-handled rollers. Although with this method, productivity is higher, more material is consumed.

What can dilute the mastic

Bituminous mastic is diluted with white spirit, solvent, toluene or kerosene until the required consistency is formed. After that, it is thoroughly stirred.

A few more words about the basics of using bituminous mastics: