Delphinium perennial - beautiful tall perennial flower with blue flowers, a wonderful decoration summer cottage. It is believed that it got its name from the resemblance of an unopened flower to the head of a dolphin.

In flower beds it is placed in the background, it grows well near the house, country houses, sheds, greenhouses and fences. Delphinium flowers love open, sunny, windless places, but at the same time they can get burned during hot hours, so they need to be planted where there is at least occasional partial shade.

Perennial delphinium bushes need to be renewed every 3 - 4 years, since they die in damp and prolonged autumn. The method of propagation is either dividing the bush or growing from seeds. We will tell you how to grow delphinium from seeds.

When to plant delphinium seedlings

You can sow delphinium at different times:

in the fall, immediately after collecting flower seeds;
before winter in open ground after the soil freezes;
for growing at home, delphinium seedlings can be planted in the second half of February and this is the most optimal time to plant delphinium seeds.

Preparing delphinium seeds for sowing seedlings

Before planting flowers, it is necessary to first carry out special preparation of the seeds for planting. It is necessary to treat the seeds in order to disinfect them. To do this, you can sew a small bag of gauze yourself, or you can take old unnecessary women's tights and cut off the lower part of them, which will act as a bag. Place the seeds that you are going to sow into the resulting bag.

Now it’s time to start preparing a special solution of potassium permanganate. To do this, you will need a small amount of water, to which you need to add a small amount of manganese. As a result, we should get a weak pink solution. Mix everything thoroughly.

Once the disinfection solution has been obtained, you can proceed directly to the disinfection process itself. To do this, the bag of seeds must be placed in the solution. The soaking period in the solution should be about 20 minutes. If there is no manganese to prepare a solution for disinfection, it can be replaced with any similar agent that is aimed at completely destroying bacteria on the surface of the seeds.

Preparing the soil and planting delphinium seedlings

Growing perennial delphinium from seeds requires preliminary preparation soil for planting. Suitable soil for planting is found in every garden. In order for the seeds to receive a sufficient amount useful substances It is recommended to mix the taken amount of soil with peat and humus. It is best to take all components at a ratio of 1 to 1. It is also recommended to additionally add a certain amount of perlite to the mixture. And it is very desirable to do this. The fact is that due to the presence of perlite in the planting mixture, the soil will have a looser structure. In addition, this will allow you to retain the right amount of moisture in the soil.

Mixing different components into one whole is not the most important part of soil preparation. It is necessary to carry out a soil steaming procedure. This procedure will eliminate and neutralize all the weeds and fungi that are probably present in every soil. This is done using a steam bath. After this, the soil is considered safe to plant seeds in.

Delphinium from seeds, planting and care

Let's look at how to plant delphinium with seeds - spread the flower seeds evenly over the prepared soil. If you are using granular seeds or a small amount of seeds, spread them out with tweezers. Labels with the names of delphinium varieties will help you avoid confusion in growing delphinium from seeds.

Sprinkle the sown seeds with soil on top, about 3 mm. Compact the delphinium sowing with seeds - pat the soil with your palm so that they do not float up when watering. Spray the plantings evenly warm water from a spray bottle and cover the crops.

Since delphinium grows better in the dark, there are two ways to cover delphinium seedlings:

black film or covering material;
ordinary plastic bag and place in a dark place until the first shoots.

Seeds do not need to germinate heat, +10 degrees is enough. Sometimes at high temperatures, +20, seedlings may die. Plants respond well to cold, so for hardening when growing seeds you can alternate temperature regime- cold / warm.

Seeds germinate 7-10 days after planting. Don't miss this time - you will need to remove the coating on top.

To grow delphinium, with the appearance of real leaves, plantings need to be planted.

Picking perennial delphinium from seeds.

The soil for picking can be taken the same as for planting with the addition of 1 spoon of complex mineral fertilizer. Mix the soil with fertilizers and place in small pots. Water the soil and make a small hole in it.

Using a small spatula or popsicle stick, carefully remove the seedlings from the large seedling box and transplant them into the prepared holes. Sprinkle the roots of the seedlings with soil without deepening the root collar.

After transplanting, you need to water the flowers carefully so that the roots are not exposed; if the roots are exposed, then sprinkle them with soil.

When the flower seedlings become stronger, they can be hardened off in the fresh air, and after about 2 weeks of hardening, they can be planted in a flowerbed in the garden.

Flowerbeds with delphiniums.

Excellent scheme for planting a flower bed with delphiniums different varieties and shades in combination with medium-sized flowers, such as garden chamomile, lilies, and bulbous onions. Plant each group of flowers in groups of 2 - 5 plants. By the way, delphinium flowers can bloom a second time if, after the end of the first flowering, they are cut off and fed with fertilizers.

Scheme of a flower bed with delphiniums.

This flower bed is for a sunny spot on a 1.5 x 1 m area.

Names of flowers for planting in a flower bed with delphiniums:

light blue delphinium “Morgentau” - 1 pc.;
dark purple wrinkled polygonum, or Korean mint “Black Adder” - 2 pcs.;
pink phlox paniculata “Landhochzeit” - 2 pcs.;
blue meadow geranium “Brookside” - 2 pcs.;
white small-petalled “Sommerneuschnee” - 3 pcs.;
Endressa pink geranium - 4 pcs.

Flowerbed for a sunny place in blue color with rose, clematis, delphinium and perennial daisies.

Its name comes from the association of the shape of the bud with the outline of a dolphin. Although in some countries it is called differently: in Russia - spur, in Great Britain - funny spurs, in Germany - knight's spurs, in France - lark's legs.

Diversity of delphiniums

Delphiniums are very diverse: perennial and annual, below 1 m and above human height, with simple and double flowers, with dense inflorescences and with distance between flowers. Annual plants bloom from July to September, and perennials bloom twice per season (in June and autumn).

Sowing

There is probably no person who would be indifferent to these majestic flowers. Many novice flower growers were faced with the fact that growing delphinium from seeds was unsuccessful; there was not a single sprout. Having experienced disappointment, some decided that this plant was not for them, and the more stubborn ones wondered how to grow delphinium from seeds. It is believed that seeds from healthy plants stored in the right conditions no more than a year. However, if you use simple technology, then growing delphinium from seeds even three years old is quite possible.

Preparation and stratification

The soil for sowing should not contain peat; it is better to take garden soil and mix it with the same amount of sand (with peat, the substrate can become moldy). Needs to be filled out

container for sowing with prepared soil, level it. Spread the seeds (it is convenient to use a moistened toothpick), sprinkle a little with sifted sand and cover with a layer of snow (if there is none, you can scrape it from the freezer). Melting snow will draw the seeds to the desired depth. Cover the container with the crops with film (glass) and leave at room temperature for 3 days. After this, growing delphinium from seeds must be continued in the refrigerator, periodically ventilating, checking the soil moisture and monitoring the seedlings.

Further actions

Shoots, as a rule, appear after a week or 10 days. As soon as the shoots appear, the container with the crops should be moved to a bright place with scattered sun rays. Seedlings need moderate watering. When 4 true leaves appear, the young plants will need to be planted in separate cups with fertile soil.

Planting in the garden

Grown and hardened seedlings need to be planted in open ground using the transshipment method. At first, until the seedlings take root, it is advisable to cover them

for example, plastic bottles without lids. In the future, growing delphinium from seeds is usual: watering, loosening, weeding and waiting for flowering.

4 Ingredients for Success for Perennial Delphiniums

In the spring, you need to add ash and manure under the delphinium bushes. After weekly abundant watering (1 bucket of water per 1 bush) and drying of the soil, loosening is necessary. To prevent fungal diseases, bushes can be sprinkled with ash, sprayed with a solution of phytosporin or other preparation. After the end of the first wave of flowering, the flower stalks need to be cut at ground level. Delphinium, which is easy to grow, will bloom again in about a month. The second wave of flowering is weaker than the first, but the pleasure from contemplating the beauty is no less.

Finally

Growing delphinium from seeds is a little troublesome, but exciting. Having grown seedlings once, you will enjoy perennial flowers for 7-8 years, and annual flowers will grow from self-sowing.

Delphiniums are beautifully flowering, majestic and desirable plants for many gardeners.
The subtleties of seed propagation limit the spread of delphinium in gardens, and this brings gardeners a lot of grief.

Purchased delphinium seeds very often turn out to be non-germinating; It's all about the conditions under which the seeds are stored.

Storing delphinium seeds

Delphinium sprouts well only from fresh or properly stored seeds.

Experiments carried out in the USA at the beginning of the 11th century showed that when negative temperature(-15 degrees), delphinium seeds stored in hermetically sealed containers remain completely viable even after 16 years from the moment of ripening.
And when stored in paper bags at room temperature, the seeds lose their viability after 11 months.
Delphinium seeds sealed in an aluminum foil bag retain their germination slightly better.

Our seed companies generally accept a shelf life of three years for perennial seeds. By reading the expiration date on a packet of delphinium seeds, you can imagine the year of the harvest and calculate how long they have been stored.

The best quality is still your own delphinium seeds, collected in your garden or from friends. They should be stored in glass jars in a cool place (in the refrigerator or on the balcony).

How we sow delphinium for seedlings

When sowing delphinium there is no clear “recipe”; variations are possible. But there are basic principles that must be adhered to.
I’ll tell you how we sow delphinium.

It is better to sow delphinium seeds for seedlings at the end of March or in April. But if necessary, you can sow delphinium in May.

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Delphinium is one of the most beloved and desired garden plants. Slender, with bright emerald leaves, impressive with flowering columns and pleasing to the eye. It is distinguished by its height, slenderness and splendor. Known to people since ancient times.

According to one legend, the gods turned a gifted young sculptor into a dolphin just because he revived the sculpture of a deceased girl with whom he was in love. Every evening the dolphin swam to the shore with a bouquet in its mouth, and in memory of his love, he threw this flower at the girl’s feet.

The second myth tells about the battle under the walls of Troy. The arrow that hit Achilles' heel wounded him. Falling drops of blood gave life to these magnificent flowers. According to Russian belief, they have medicinal properties and help the rapid fusion of bones in case of fractures and injuries. Most peoples called the delphinium spur because the upper petal of its bud looks like a spur.

And now many admire the mesmerizing spectacle of blooming delphiniums, which from a distance resemble multi-colored stelae soaring upward. The genus delphinium, spur, or Larkspur unites about 400 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials, forming massive terminal clusters or paniculate inflorescences, which are valued for their long flowering.

Description of delphinium

Wild delphinium lives in all corners of the world and belongs to the buttercup family. Elegant, branched, hollow inside stems reach a height of 2 m. The leaves are rounded, palmately dissected. The color of the buds is ultramarine, blue, violet, pink, lilac, white. Simple flowers consist of five petals, and in double flowers their number is increased due to modified stamens. The unopened bud of delphinium looks like the head or body of a dolphin - hence its name.

Blooms in June and again when proper care, in August. All varieties and hybrids of delphinium are used as high-quality cut crops - they last a long time in a vase. This luxurious flower will decorate any flower garden.

Growing delphinium in open ground

Delphinium prefers open areas, but in bright sun the petals may fade. Light midday shade is only good for him. Its location near the walls of buildings and fences will protect it from lodging in the wind and will protect it from scorching rays.

These plants require fertilized soil, rich in organic matter, moisture-permeable soil, and painstaking care. In damp places, drainage is arranged from expanded clay or grooves are made for outflow excess moisture. Prefers loamy, loose soils with a neutral reaction. It is grown in one place for several years.

Plant in a sunny area or light shade. When preparing the soil for planting, organic and mineral fertilizers (phosphorus-potassium) are applied. During the entire period, water abundantly and periodically feed. The soil is constantly loosened and mulched with peat or compost, which helps retain moisture and serves as additional nutrition.

In spring, the weakest shoots are cut off and used for cuttings. They stimulate the formation of new flowers by regularly removing fading inflorescences. Tall plants require reliable support, since the stems easily break even with a slight wind. in autumn perennial species cut at the root, hill up so that water does not get inside the hollow stems, as this can lead to the death of the plant. If pruning is done in the spring, simply break the stems to close the cavity inside.

Reproduction of delphinium by dividing the bush

The most reliable and productive way is. This is done during a planned transplant in the spring before the start of the growing season. The dug out root is cut into pieces, each of which has a growing point and a root. The sections are dried and sprinkled with ash. Place them at a distance of at least 40 cm from each other in pre-prepared holes.

You can divide the plant without digging after sprouts appear or after flowering. To do this, the shovel is driven into the location of the desired cut until it stops. The part that they want to plant is dug around the circumference, carefully pulled out and transferred to the desired area. Add fresh nutrient soil to the vacant space. Water everything thoroughly and shade until they take root.

Growing delphinium from seeds for seedlings and sowing in the ground

Annuals and biennials are propagated by sowing seeds in autumn and spring. Seeds quickly lose their viability - when purchasing, you should pay attention to the timing - the closer to the deadline, the less chance you have of getting seedlings. To stimulate germination, you can treat the seeds with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (1 teaspoon per 100 ml of water) for 30 minutes.

Sowing seedlings

When to sow delphinium? At the end of March - beginning of April, seedling boxes, containers or individual cups are prepared. The seeds are large enough that you can plant them one at a time without any problems.

Prepare nutritious loose soil; a soil mixture is perfect for flowering plants.
Containers or cups must have drainage holes.
Seed placement depth is 0.5-1 cm.
The distance between seeds is at least 2-3 cm when sowing in a common container.
Moisturize moderately, using a spray bottle so that there is no excess moisture.
Cover with film and ventilate daily, removing condensation.
When shoots appear, it is better to remove the film.
When 2-3 true leaves appear, plants are planted in separate cups.
Seedlings need to be hardened off a couple of weeks before planting in the ground. Take her out into the fresh air and let her get used to the sun and wind. When she can spend the night, the plants are ready to plant.

It is necessary to replant into a flowerbed when the temperature has already established above zero in order to avoid freezing by night frosts. The distance between the bushes is left 30-40 cm so that the plants develop well.

Sowing in the ground

They are sown at the end of March - beginning of April in a greenhouse to obtain flowering specimens already in the year of sowing or in May in open ground. You can sow them before winter or in winter in boxes that are buried under the snow to obtain friendly shoots in the spring. Seedlings sprout at the 2-4 leaf stage and are regularly watered and fed.

Plants of most varieties (if they are hybrids) grown from seeds may not convey the decorative qualities of the parent individuals, so the seed method is rarely used. But with this method you can get several colors of different qualities at once. Most hybrids are propagated by cuttings taken from the lower part of the flowering stem in early spring.

Propagation of delphinium by cuttings

Young shoots are about 10 cm long. The lower sections are treated with a root formation stimulator. For this purpose, you can use ordinary agave. The bottom leaf is torn off from an adult plant and placed in the refrigerator for 5 days. After this, a few drops of juice are squeezed out of it and the lower parts of the cuttings are moistened with it, which are then placed in containers with well-moistened sand or vermiculite. You can use Kornevin and similar drugs.

The containers are covered with transparent lids or placed in a plastic bag to maintain sufficient humidity. The appearance of young leaves indicates successful rooting. Grown seedlings are transferred to permanent place at the end of summer to give them the opportunity to finally take root before the onset of cold weather. Delphiniums usually tolerate winters well. middle zone, only young seedlings require shelter from dry peat, moss or sawdust.

Pests and diseases of delphinium

Delphinium is a rather delicate plant, susceptible to attack by leaf-eating insects. Some diseases cause yellowing and deformation of leaves. Among the diseases, powdery mildew and some rots are dangerous; to limit the spread of diseases, they resort to soil disinfection using a solution of potassium permanganate.

Fusarium infection and bacterial diseases, causing cancer and rot, leading to wilting of plants. When they appear, treat the plants with special fungicides. Aphids sucking plant sap contribute to the spread of viral diseases. Thrips provoke the formation of silvery spots on leaves and flowers.

Damage is also caused by coleopterous cutworms, which are eliminated with the help of special insecticides. Used as a preventive measure against insects and diseases. ammonia(2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) or tar water (1 tablespoon of pharmaceutical birch tar is stirred in 5 liters of water, add a little to this mixture laundry soap), solutions of which are used to water the plants themselves and the ground around them.

These products repel many insects, and ammonia also serves as an excellent additional foliar feeding. Because of its toxicity, delphinium was almost never used as a medicine in ancient times; only in the Middle Ages did doctors use its tincture to heal wounds. In magic it was used to protect against love spells or as a talisman.

Dried blue flower delphinium was worn in a small bag or amulet around the neck, protecting it from prying eyes. It was believed that such a talisman served as protection against nightmares and insomnia. All varieties of delphinium are ideal for cutting. This is a very impressive plant, used for planting in groups, in flowerbeds, ridges, mixborders and in single plantings against the background of a lawn or buildings. And as a tapeworm plant it is excellent.

Types of delphinium with photos and descriptions

Numerous hybrids are divided into three large groups‘belladonna’, ‘pacific’, ‘erect’. The latter includes most of perennial plants, grown in our gardens. They have delightful compact inflorescences of single, semi-double or double flowers.

Delphinium belladonna

Delphinium belladonna reaches a height of 0.9-1.2 m. The erect perennial has beautiful spike-shaped flowers. It has loose, branching inflorescences, grows quickly and blooms for a long time.

Delphinium tall Delphinium elatum

A perennial, stable specimen, 70 cm high, with deeply dissected leaves and azure buds.

Delphinium consolida

An annual plant up to 2 m high.

Delphinium grandiflorum

Herbaceous plant with shortened rhizome up to 100 cm tall.

Delphinium hybrids

Delphinium Pacific Giants Delphinium Pacific Giants photo of flowers in the garden

Hybrids of the ‘Pacific’ group (Pacific) include numerous annuals and biennials. The most common flower crop is the hybrid delphinium, obtained by crossing various types between themselves. Modern varieties differ in shape, size of leaves and flowers, as well as bush height. Pacific hybrids are less adapted to cold winters and require more careful care. Even in much warmer Europe they are grown as biennials.

New Zealand hybrids are characterized by excellent frost resistance, ease of care and long flowering - this is an excellent option for decorating a suburban area.

Marfin hybrids are very popular among flower growers, because they are perfectly adapted to the realities of our weather. In terms of quality and decorative indicators, they are not inferior to foreign varieties. They form neat bushes that produce large panicles of columnar-shaped inflorescences with semi-double flowers of various colors; they attract attention from afar with their splendor.

Delphinium is a poisonous plant

All parts of the plant contain an alkaloid that is widely used in medicine. If ingested, they can cause serious gastrointestinal upset. And contact with leaves, especially in persons with particularly sensitive skin, causes skin irritation and allergic dermatitis. Therefore, when working with delphinium, it is necessary to protect your hands and bare parts of the body from getting juice.

In parks and garden plots Not only perennial hybrid delphiniums are grown, but also annual species, which are also very decorative. Delphiniums attract the attention of gardeners not only with their striking appearance and huge size, but also with their ease of care.

They are unpretentious, grow quickly, do not need winter shelters, but like all plants they have some peculiarities in growing and caring for them. Flowering begins in late June and, depending on the weather, lasts 20 - 30 days.

How to grow delphinium from seeds

There are two ways to grow delphinium from seeds.

Growing through seedlings.
Sowing seeds in open ground.

Growing through seedlings.

If you want a flower to bloom this same summer, then you will have to grow it through seedlings.

In what soil should I sow the seeds? Delphinium does not like acidic soil, so peat tablets not suitable for sowing seeds. If you take peat (neutral reaction) for sowing, then only as one of the components of the soil mixture. For example, mix turf (or garden) soil, peat and sand, but it is better to replace peat with leaf soil (2:1:1).

Which seeds are best? Many gardeners complain that purchased seeds germinate very poorly, and sometimes do not germinate at all. Delphinium is an easy plant to grow and care for, but its seeds are quite capricious and require special conditions for storage.

Seeds should be stored in the refrigerator in an airtight container. In warm, room conditions they lose their germination capacity after 10 - 11 months, and if the seeds have been lying on the shelf in the store for 2 - 3 years, then there is nothing to expect from them.

Seed stratification. Before planting, the seeds must be kept in the refrigerator for 10 - 12 days, always in a humid environment and with access to air. It can be done different ways. You can simply wrap it in a damp cloth and put it in a plastic container, you can make shallow longitudinal cuts in a foam sponge, and place it in the container as well.

If there is a lot of space in the refrigerator, you can put a container with soil in which the seeds have already been sown. Of course, it is not necessary to use a refrigerator; if you have rooms with similar conditions (basement, loggia), carry out stratification there.

When to plant? Delphinium seedlings should be planted in March or early April.

Sowing.

The peculiarities of sowing include the fact that delphinium seeds are not sown individually. Although they are not very small, they germinate better when sown quite densely. As they grow, they seem to help each other. The seeds are laid out on a slightly compacted soil surface and covered with a thin layer of sand (3-5 mm) on top. Before sowing, they can be soaked for 6 hours in a zircon solution: 3 drops per 100 ml of water at room temperature.

Temperature regime. Delphinium seeds do not require high temperatures to germinate. Sometimes they begin to germinate already in the refrigerator during stratification. The optimal temperature for germination is 12 - 15 degrees. Further cultivation seedlings are carried out at a temperature not exceeding +20. This of course creates some difficulties when growing seedlings indoors.

Caring for seedlings. The seedlings that appear after 10-15 days are moved as close to the light as possible. Good lighting this is a prerequisite for growing strong seedlings. When the first true leaves form, the seedlings dive into separate cups. To do this, it is better to use large glasses or peat pots with a diameter of at least 9 cm.

How to water seedlings. Do not over-moisten the soil, do not water from above. Watering should be either through a tray or in a thin stream, trying not to get on the plants. Before watering, the soil must dry out, otherwise the seedlings may be damaged by blackleg.

At the end of April, seedlings that have been hardened in the fresh air are transplanted into the garden. Plants sown in March, if everything suits them, will bloom closer to autumn.

Planting and caring for delphinium in open ground

And the delphinium will thrive in a well-lit place, protected from the winds, and fertile soil. Even the most good soil Before planting, it needs to be improved, given that the delphinium will have to be grown in one place for several years. Add good humus or compost (0.5 buckets), complete mineral fertilizer (1-2 tablespoons per plant), mix everything well. You can add a little wood ash.

Delphinium seedlings are not yet large at the time of planting in open ground, but the distance between them is large (up to a meter), taking into account their future dimensions. After planting, the soil surface is mulched with compost or humus.

It is necessary for grown plants, otherwise the tall stems may break - by the wind or under the weight of flowers.

In the first year of cultivation, delphinium does not need to be fed. Sometimes you need to carefully loosen the soil that has become compacted after watering or additionally mulch it. Closer to autumn, well-grown bushes can be fed with potassium sulfate and superphosphate so that they overwinter better.

After flowering, the flower stalks are cut off, and after the first frost, all shoots are cut off. But the shoots of delphiniums are hollow; after cutting, water can stagnate in the stumps and cause rotting of the root collar. To prevent this from happening, the stumps are split to the ground. Thin shoots killed by frost can simply be bent to the ground and cut out in the spring.

The plant does not require shelter for the winter, but it will not be superfluous to mulch the root zone with compost and fallen leaves.

Caring for delphinium in the second year

Next spring, when shoots appear from the center of the bush, the flower is fed with mullein infusion or complex mineral fertilizer(it should not contain a lot of nitrogen). Watering also begins in the spring, since the delphinium's lower leaves begin to dry out when there is a lack of moisture, and the plants bloom less well. In hot weather, water thoroughly every week.

Required condition successful cultivation delphiniums is pruning and thinning. In the spring, shoots are rationed, leaving 2-3 stems in young bushes, 3-5 in older bushes, but not more than seven. Thinning promotes abundant flowering, inhibits the development of fungal diseases (primarily powdery mildew), since normalized bushes are better ventilated. Broken shoots, if their centers have not yet become hollow, can be tried to be rooted.

During the period of flower stalk formation, it is advisable to feed the plants with organic infusion and complex mineral fertilizer. Healthy bushes are grown in one place for 5 - 6 years or even more.

After flowering, cutting off the flower stalks, the delphinium is fed again. And then it blooms again: more modestly than in spring, but still bright and impressive.

Growing delphinium annual

Growing an annual delphinium is not much different from growing its perennial relative. Usually annual plants grown not through seedlings, but by sowing seeds in the ground. This is explained by the fact that the seeds of annual delphiniums greatly lose their viability by spring, and they are extremely painful to transplant.

Annual delphinium Geocinth.

When to plant annual delphinium.

The seeds are planted directly into the ground. This can be done in both spring and autumn; it must be said that autumn sowing is preferable. At autumn sowing shoots appear very early, immediately after the snow melts, and accordingly, flowering occurs earlier. The seeds are immediately sown in a permanent place, maintaining a distance of 20 - 30 cm. Annual delphiniums They also reproduce well by self-sowing.

Delphinium is grown in well-lit places, on loamy soils. Flowers are watered moderately and throughout the season, once every 2 - 3 weeks, they are fed with complex min. fertilizer. When growing tall varieties, you need to take care of the supports.