Choosing a plane becomes no less important a process than the actual use of the tool. Planer - indispensable tool any carpenter, regardless of whether he is an amateur or a professional. It can be used to process any wood surface. On this moment There are two main types: manual, which is a traditional instrument, and electric instrument, which is gradually displacing its predecessor from use. That is, the second type is better. Below are the characteristics of planes and how to choose one.
What does a hand plane consist of?
This type of planes usually consists of the following elements:
- a housing on which other components are attached;
- the slot from which the chips are ejected and in which the knife is fixed;
- knife or cutter - a sharpened steel plate that directly cuts the material;
- a wedge or clamp with which the knife is pressed to the body;
- chip removal thickness regulator;
- two handles (front and back);
- chip breaker, which breaks off and rolls chips;
- cutting width regulator;
- frog - a metal plate that adjusts the angle of the knife.
How to choose a hand plane?
Small planes are used to correct mistakes and more fine work.
When choosing a hand plane, you need to know its functional features:
- the material is directly processed with a cutter installed in a special hole;
- the degree of sharpening of the cutter corresponds to the quality of wood processing;
- The correct choice of knife angle reduces the likelihood of creases during operation.
When choosing a plane, it is best to pay attention to the following characteristics:
- how well the cutter is sharpened;
- the gap - the wider it is, the better quality processing;
- the angle of inclination and cutter, which is inherent in each type of work.
Depending on the goals that need to be achieved, the following planes are distinguished:
- Planers: plan damaged or uneven surfaces.
- Small planes: for performing more delicate work and correcting mistakes made.
- Planers: for surfaces with large parameters.
- Sherhebel: for initial wood processing.
Electric planer
However, it should be remembered that an electric planer has a significant advantage over a manual one: high performance in conditions of a larger volume of work, a small amount of effort expended, a more perfect result, etc. An electric plane consists of the following elements:
- the body where the main parts of the tool are located;
- handle (one or two) for guiding the tool;
- start button and lock button (prevents accidental starting of the tool);
- processing thickness regulator;
- chip ejection pipe;
- parallel stop;
- sole, which consists of a rough part that is in contact with the surface during processing, and a smooth back part;
- a drum where tungsten or steel knives are installed;
- knives;
- an electric motor driving a drum with knives;
- belt transmission from the motor to the knives.
Electric planers typically range in power from 600 to 900 W, and in speed - above 10,000 rpm. Moreover, the higher the power and speed, the better the quality of processing. Household planes are characterized by lower power and speed. Professional planes, accordingly, have above average speed and power.
It should be remembered that amateur planes periodically need rest due to overheating, professional planes work much longer.
How to choose an electric plane?
It is necessary to decide on the tasks before choosing electric plane. When choosing an electric planer, you should be guided by technical and functional indicators.
Technical indicators when choosing a plane. The width of the knife and its quality - a wide cutter requires fewer passes to process the surface. This ensures not only the quality of processing, but also reduces the amount of time it takes to complete it.
Amount of power. This indicator indicates the productivity of the electric planer and the quality of the work performed. Accordingly, the higher the power, the better these indicators.
Number of revolutions. As with the previous point, a high number of revolutions ensures smoother and better processing. Fixed mounting function. Makes it possible to use the plane as planer and point the board at him.
Stated operating time. Based on the functional purpose of the model (household or professional use) the possible permissible period of work varies. So, professional electric planers have no restrictions, but amateur ones do. For example, 20 min. work, and then a 10 minute break.
Availability of accessories for sampling quarters. These are additions to the package specific models planes that allow you to adjust the parameters of the depth and width of the cut. Thanks to these functions, it is possible to tightly join the boards together.
Choosing a plane based on functional indicators involves paying attention to the following.
Sole. It consists of two parts. The back part, which is in contact with the already treated surface, must be very smooth so as not to scratch the wood. The front may be rougher as it is in contact with untreated wood. During work, an air gap appears between the surface and the sole, which negatively affects the accuracy of the work and the thickness of the cut. This problem is eliminated by placing parallel or V-shaped grooves on the sole, which ensure chamfering. It is better to give preference to planes with adjustable sole heights.
Pens. Planes can be either with only one rear handle or with two - front and back. Considering the bulkiness of the tool, planes with two handles are more reliable. The front handle ensures the direction of the plane in the desired direction, the rear handle ensures the use of the required physical force.
Chip thickness regulator. As a rule, the adjuster step is 0.1 mm. Most models of electric planers have a regulator scale from 0 to 3 mm, but some remove chips even at 0. Therefore, it is better to choose planes with a scale from 0 to 3 mm, and, if possible, with a minus value.
Knives. The planer drum contains two removable tungsten carbide knives. Sometimes the manufacturer installs steel knives. They are more durable, they can be removed, sharpened and further use. Steel knives are heavier in their fit to the plane drum. Some planes have only one spiral blade, which provides faster and better chip removal. Replacing such a knife is not difficult.
Safety elements. These include the lock button, which is located next to the power button. Without pressing the first button, the second one will not work. This prevents the tool from being launched inadvertently. It is also important to have protective elements knives: plates on the sides of the plane that cover the edges of the drum, as well as a stop that protects the fingers and surface from contact with the knives.
Ejection of chips. A huge number of shavings are produced when working with a plane, which also fly towards the carpenter. Planers in which the direction of ejection of chips is regulated have advantages. The ability to attach a garbage bag is important, but it should not be bulky. This issue can be solved by attaching a plane to a vacuum cleaner.
The presence of a fastening that ensures the use of the plane as a carpentry machine. This increases the versatility of this tool. Side stops, depth gauges. Their presence allows the carpenter to comfortably adjust the width and depth of the chip cut.
Ease of use. Comfortable handles with well-positioned buttons provide more comfortable work, prevent premature fatigue in the worker.
It is not enough to choose a plane that suits your tasks; it is important not to forget about purchasing a high-quality power cord of the required length.
- Flat planing
- Figure planing
Zenzubel, tongue and groove, folding, kalevka are the names of a hand plane. The article describes what this or that tool is intended for and how the devices differ from each other.
Flat planing
Single
Designed for leveling wood surfaces, equipped with a straight blade with a slightly rounded edge. The tools do not leave burrs or irregularities - they are used for fine planing of wood after rough processing.
Double
In addition to processing the ends, the cross-cut type of planes is used for finishing leveling of wooden material. The main blade is duplicated with a knife for breaking chips.
Sherhebeli
They are distinguished by a rounded blade set at an angle of 45° relative to the sole. Thanks to the oval edge wood material can be processed across the grain. To remove thick chips, the hole for its exit exceeds the parameters of a standard tool by 3–5 mm. The device allows you to give workpieces the required configuration, but it cannot be used to obtain a smooth surface; the product must be finished with a jointer.
Sanders
This is a grinding plane with a double knife and a chip breaker located at an angle of 50° to the working sole. The device is used for grinding, obtaining perfectly smooth surfaces.
Planers
Used to align edges and planes. Finishing of large surfaces is ensured by a sharp knife with a chip breaker and an extended block.
Tsinubeli
Equipped with a single serrated knife. After passing through wood or plywood, a grooved surface is left. The grooves formed by the cutter contribute to better adhesion of the parts on which the adhesive composition is applied.
Roughing
Designed for aligning the ends of plasterboard slabs. There is no need to sand after using them. sheet material. The design feature of the tool is that the cutting blade has the shape of a grater.
Figure planing
Planes classified in this category are designed for processing grooves, protrusions, and edges.
Zenzubeli
With their help, quarters are selected and cleaned, rectangular cuts, grooves, folds are formed, and perpendicular elements of the workpieces are planed. The zenzubel cutter is made in the form of a blade with a straight or oblique cutting edge, it depends on how the knife is secured relative to the sole. The oblique blade has two cutting edges; they are sharpened on both sides. Zenzubels are used where it is necessary to form a groove " dovetail" Even processing across the grain gives a perfectly smooth surface.
It is better to start selecting a quarter with a folding tool, and use a zenzubel for finishing work.
Kantenhobeli
This is an edge selector used for chamfering, processing ends, edges, and bringing to specified dimensions.
The main difference between the kantenhobel and other planes is the trapezoidal shape of the blade.
Some models may be equipped with two cutting elements. Depending on the position of the knife, you can make a cut along the edge at an angle. In this case, a fold is formed for future joining of two parts, and gaps are eliminated.
Tongue and pile piles
With their help you select longitudinal groove. The groove consists of two blocks connected to each other with screws. One of them serves as a guide, the second serves as a mount for the blade. Using an adjustable stop, the edge of the groove can be set at the desired distance from the edge. Thanks to the persistent protrusion, the penetration occurs to the required parameters, while the blade does not bend.
Federgubeli
A shaped end plane is designed to form a longitudinal protrusion along the edge of the workpiece. This is ensured by a blade having an opening in the center. After passing along the edge, a ridge remains. It fits into the groove. As a result, two parts are connected.
Kalevki
Equipped with a replaceable blade with a shaped cutting edge. They have a multi-stage sole. The tool is most often used for the manufacture of decorative parts: cornices, baguettes, etc. wooden elements.
Falzgebeli
Necessary for selecting a groove along the edge of the workpiece without preliminary marking. Includes multi-stage sole. A wide block helps to form grooves of equal size. If it is necessary to process the vertical wall of the quarter, an additional side cutter is installed on the rebate.
Staples
Designed for rounding edges of parts. These planes have a blade whose edge is equipped with a semicircular recess. There is a concave sole. When processing the edges of the rectangular ends of parts, the knife removes chips in such a way that the edge acquires a rounded shape.
Making a plane with your own hands
The photo shows a drawing indicating the dimensions of each part.
It is better to purchase the blade and chip breaker from hardware store. Their prices are low. The dimensions of the body are usually determined by the dimensions of the blade.
The block is cut from hard rocks tree. Its workpiece must exceed in size ready product by 40–50 mm. Vertical and oblique lines are applied to the side faces with extension to the remaining sides. On drilling machine A hole with a diameter of 6 mm is formed in the center of the workpiece, then the same holes (4 pcs.) are drilled on both sides in the corners. The “cheeks” are sawn off from the workpiece, then markings are applied to the cut site.
When cutting the heel and toe, the saw should go close to the lines.
The block is being assembled. To do this, the “cheeks”, “heel” and “toe” are glued together. After the glue has dried, the bottom of the block is sanded. The thickness of the sole is marked with a pencil, and excess material is removed with a saw (the scrap is used to make a wedge). Then the protruding edges are sawed off. They should be equal to the “cheeks”.
The oblique marking lines from the “cheeks” are extended to the lower part of the sole, and a hole is drilled (see photo).
Copies of the side template of the block are created and its attachment to one of the “cheeks”. A hole is cut through which the plane blade will pass. A brass rod is glued into the hole in the “cheeks”, and the shape of the block is adjusted to the specified parameters. The block is then sanded smooth. A wedge is cut out of a piece of wood; it should fit tightly between the blade and the brass rod.
The blade extension is adjusted using wooden mallet. To do this, you need to lightly hit the “heel”. The blade will need to be sharpened periodically. The sharpening angle of the plane cutter when the iron is tilted at 45° is usually 30°. It is suitable for planing soft and hard wood.
A hand plane is a woodworking tool that has long been used for planing. To this day, it does not lose popularity in private workshops. With this device you can give wooden surface the desired roughness, flatness, straightness or shape, reducing the size of the parts. A plane is also used to make long recesses, which can have different shapes - these can be tongues or quarters.
Description
The hand plane is no longer so popular today; it is being replaced by tools that are powered by electricity and can meet the needs of mass production. Today, everything is run by automated lines. However, if you want to make a stool or chair in your garage, then you can remember the good old plane.
Its main parts are:
- iron (knife);
- wedge;
- block.
Depending on the equipment, purpose and size additional accessories, the plane can be divided into many types and subspecies. Mechanical planes are made from metal, plastic, and a combination of these materials. In terms of functionality, they are almost no different, but specifications depend on the material that forms the basis of the body.
Electric models are complemented by a motor that allows for a more impressive amount of work. With this tool you can achieve high speed wood processing. One of the most popular wood processing tools in the home today are wooden planes.
The main types of planes and their purpose
A hand plane can be classified according to the type of planing: it can be profiled or flat. These tools are also divided by profile, shoe size and knife installation angle. Among other varieties, we can distinguish the sherhebel, which is a tool for rough planing. It has a flat sole and has rounded cutter blades.
If you see a device with two handles and an elongated body, then this is a bear. It has the form of a single or double plane, which is intended for rough planing. Additionally, the tool is equipped with a chip breaker.
A hand plane can be represented by a semi-jointer or a jointer, which is distinguished by a long, large block. It is intended for finishing planing, fitting parts, planing large planes, during which a ruler is used.
If particularly clean planing is required, a grinder with a double blade is used. Its design includes a chipbreaker, and the double blade is set at an impressive angle of 50° instead of 45°. To create small paths on the surface, tsinubel is used, after processing which the parts can be glued together.
To select quarters, a sampler is used, which is also called a zenzubel. To strip the quarters, a rebate is used, while a tongue and groove can be used to remove the tongue. Sanding of surfaces is carried out using a tool of the same name, and the operation consists of finishing before applying primers. As distinctive feature These works are characterized by the absence of abrasive particles that remain inside the wood during sanding.
However, scraping has a drawback, which is expressed in the excessive labor intensity of the operation. The advantage is the smooth surface and thinness of the chips. To process figured edges, a molding is used, while an American or humpback block has a curved block. It is used for curved surfaces, which can be concave or convex.
A stacker is used to give the parts a rounded shape. The edge of the knife of this tool has a concave shape, while the fillet has a convex shape.
Additional types
The screw is narrower than the Scherhebel. It is intended for surface treatment at the initial stage. This plane has an iron cutter, which is not straight. It has a rounded shape, so when planing it is possible to obtain long grooves.
To form a trapezoidal phase, a primer is used. Using this tool, wood is processed across the grain. The design of the tool includes blocks and cutters that look like a pointed hook.
A more detailed description of the Scherhebel
If you look at carpentry tools more carefully, you can pay attention to the features of the Scherhebel. It represents the heavy artillery among a variety of similar devices. It is used when planing material that has not been processed before. This device is quite heavy and massive, as it has a metal body.
Its main purpose is primary processing, after which the products acquire the required form and sizes. This is used for planing to an impressive depth, when it is necessary to remove a fairly thick layer of wood. It is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve an even and smooth surface with the help of sherhebel. For this, other types of planes are used. By appearance its design resembles a regular plane, but the iron in it is installed at an angle of 45° and has rounded blades.
Processing Features
In one pass, using the described tool, you can remove a layer of up to 3 mm. In those places where the wood was processed, quite deep hollows remain, so they have to be leveled in the future. Scherhebel has an oval-shaped cutting edge, so it can be used to process wood across the grain. The sharpening angle may vary, depending on the hardness of the wood.
Description of the professional planer brand Groz 39701
This plane (manual professional) is a fairly popular model. It has a length of 260 mm and a weight of 1.7 kg. The cutting width is 50 mm. The tool is of high quality, has a durable, strong base, which is made of gray cast iron. Tool steel forms the basis of the blade, which is removed and has long term use.
The hardness of the material is 50-60HRC; it contains a high amount of chromium. The tool is polished to obtain a predictable, stable and clear result, it is manufactured with maximum precision. This wood plane (manual), according to consumers, has only one drawback, which is that when it hits a nail, the blade suffers significantly.
Description of the mini-plane brand "Zubr"
If you are interested in a manual mini-plane, then you can consider the “Bison” model, the body of which is made of high-quality gray cast iron. The blade is made of U8A steel and meets state standards. It provides the possibility of repeated finishing work surface. This manual plane, the price of which is 970 rubles, has plastic at the base of the handle. The length of the sole is 250 mm, while the width is 50 mm.
Conclusion
You can purchase an additional knife for a hand plane; its cost is 198 rubles. But when choosing the main device, you need to pay attention to the presence of a chip breaker, which is also called a humpback. Its lower edge is parallel to the cutting edge of the knife. The distance between these elements can vary from 0.2 to 2 mm. The closer the bottom edge is, the wider the planing.
When choosing a tool, you must also take into account what stage of wood processing it is intended for. For example, double plane used for finishing - it can be used to remove burrs. If you direct the double plane at an angle of 40° to the longitudinal axis, then with the help of the tool it will be possible to plane the ends of the workpieces.
It is difficult to imagine carpentry work without the use of special tools; a plane, sherhebel, jointer and other specialized devices serve this purpose. Each of them performs its own tasks. It is impossible to do carpentry work with only a plane.
All types of planes for rough and fine wood processing
Different types of planes are used for different types of wood processing. Most often used for carpentry work:
Pioneer for wood workpiece
Sherhebel is a real “heavy artillery” among carpentry tools. It is used for planing wood that has not previously been subjected to any processing. When planing with Sherhebel, only the required shape and dimensions of the workpiece are achieved, but to achieve a smooth, flat surface will not work. Other types of planes are used for this purpose.
With the help of Scherhebel, only rough processing of the wood surface is performed. Unlike a plane, it allows you to plan to a greater depth, easily cutting off even significant irregularities. The design of the tool, externally resembling a regular plane, has its own characteristics that make it easier to perform rough processing of a wooden surface. Unlike other tools, the Scherhebel iron has a rounded blade and is set at an angle of 45° to the sole. The sharpening angle may vary depending on the hardness of the wood being processed.
For planing soft rocks, a sharpening angle of 25-30° is sufficient; for processing hard rocks, the blade is sharpened at an angle of 35°.
In the standard Scherhebel design, the blade (piece of iron) is 35 mm wide. Sizes may vary on some models. The width of the block is approximately 15 mm larger than the size of the blade. The hole for the chips in the sherhebel is larger than in the plane, approximately 3-5 mm. As noted above, rough processing of wood does not allow achieving a flat, smooth surface. The blade will leave groove-like marks on the wood. To remove them, a plane is used, finishing.
How do wooden and metal sherhebel work?
The Scherhebel block can be made of wood or metal. Depending on the material used to make the block, the design of the tool will vary slightly. Wooden sherhebels are produced in accordance with GOST 14666-79. In accordance with the standard, their design includes a rectangular body, horns to rest the hands while working, a knife, a clamping wedge for the blade, a sole, and a cork. Some models may additionally include a blade stop. The surface of the wooden elements in the Scherhebel design is coated with varnish, which ensures wear resistance and increases the service life of the tool.
In accordance with GOST, the following materials are used for the manufacture of sherhebels:
- block - made of hard wood;
- sole (according to GOST 2695-83) made of hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, white acacia;
- the lining of the block is made of the above wood species, as well as birch and elm;
- knives are made of double-layer steel. The main layer according to GOST 1050-88 is made of steel grade 30, or according to GOST 1435-99 from steel grades U8, U8A, U9. For the cladding layer, steel grades 9ХФ, 9Х5ВФ, Х6ВФ, 9ХС are used (in accordance with GOST 5950-2000). It is also permissible to use other steels that correspond in terms of resistance to the grades listed above.
In the metal version, the body is made cast. The handle-horn is tightly fixed in it. To support the carpenter's hands while working, a large handle is installed. The knife is fixed using a screw connection between the clamp and the base of the body. Unlike wooden models, metal ones are more wear-resistant. However, craftsmen prefer to use wooden carpentry tools as they provide best quality processing.
How to use the tool correctly?
The use of Scherhebel is rough planing of wood. During this operation, chips are removed from the workpiece through the reciprocating movements of the plow. A tool in a metal case is used to process workpieces made of hard wood or chipboard. Experts recommend that most woodworking work be done with tools in a wooden case, as they provide better glide over the surface of the workpiece.
The design of the scherhebel is distinguished by the presence of a rounded blade, which makes it possible to remove significant unevenness from the surface of the workpiece tee. In this way, wood is prepared for further processing and final leveling. Unlike carpenter's planes, sherhebels have big sizes. They are massive and heavy.
To ensure high-quality processing of the workpiece, it must be carefully fixed. The best way to do this is with carpentry workbench. If this is not possible, you can use regular table, to which the workpiece is attached with clamps. The processing area should be located as close as possible to the vice. During work, smooth, even, reciprocating movements are performed. The force is applied as the tool moves forward. The return movement allows you to return the tool to its original position, so it is always performed passively, without force.
If the plane blade becomes dull...
Not only the workpiece must be prepared for work, but also the tools and devices used. The knife must be sharpened at the required angle (depending on the hardness of the wood being processed). Position of the knife in the body carpentry tools must be carefully adjusted. Sharpening of the cutting blade is carried out on a block mounted on a workbench or table. It is necessary to move along the block with the lower edge of the knife (chamfer). The pressure is applied when moving away from you, while the chamfer should be completely adjacent to the stone.
It is almost impossible to imagine carpentry or carpentry work without the use of a whole arsenal of special tools like a planer or jointer, or a sherhebel. Each of these instruments, which are similar in principle, has individuality and a unique character. Today, when mass production takes a leading position and all processes are automated, including in the woodworking industry, hand tool is increasingly becoming history. It's unlikely that anyone is making stools in their garage these days, but it's time to remember those high school craft lessons and pay homage to the archaic traditional planes.
The main components of any plane are: a piece of iron (knife), a block, a wedge. Further planes can be divided into various groups depending on the dimensions, intended purpose and additional equipment.
Types of planes
From the great variety of existing variations of planes, we can highlight:
- Manual or mechanical . Can be either made entirely of PVC, metal or wood, or a combination of these materials; depend on this aspect technical properties construction tools. In terms of functionality, planes do not have significant differences.
- Electrical . Equipping with an electric motor expands the functionality and increases the efficiency and productivity of the planer, allowing you to achieve greater results with less labor.
- Wooden planes are most popular at home.
Pioneers of wood processing
Sherhebel
The most iconic examples of hand carpentry tools include:
- Sherhebel - widely used for initial work with wood that has not yet been subjected to pre-treatment. It was the sherhebel that appeared first from the entire line of similar tools. This is a weighty and powerful device in a steel case. Intended for primary processing, giving the workpiece the planned dimensions and shape and deep planing with the removal of a large layer of wood.
Sherhebel cannot achieve an even, smooth surface; it is intended for rough, surface finishing! The design of the scherhebel is similar in appearance to a conventional plane, but its iron with a rounded blade is installed at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the sole. In one pass, the sherhebel removes chips up to three millimeters thick, leaving deep grooves that require additional leveling in the future.
Scherhebel is equipped with an oval cutting edge, which makes it possible to plan wood across the grain without first tearing it lengthwise. The sharpening angle of the scherhebel depends on the density of the wood being processed.
Differences between a sherhebel and a planer
In essence, a sherhebel is the same plane that performs rough processing. The difference is the semicircular sharpening of the blade and its width (it is smaller). The blade protrudes from the block by two to three millimeters.
Jointer
- Jointer . This is a hand plane equipped with double cutter. Designed for precise finishing, leveling large areas under the ruler due to the extended block and for jointing (adjusting) edges. The length of a jointer block can be two or three times longer than that of a standard plane. The jointer knife is equipped with a chip breaker or hump, as well as a handle for ease of use of the device. Can be produced with a single knife.
Difference
The main difference is in the number of blades: a jointer has two, a planer has one! The construction of the jointer differs only significant body length. It is thanks to the elongated block that the use of a jointer is effective in processing large areas.
Classification
In accordance with the current classification, according to their purpose, types of planes are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Flat planing;
- Figure planing.
Flat planes, types
- Half jointer . This is a shortened version of the jointer, designed for planing large elements. The length of the sole of the semi-jointer is 60 cm, the width of the cutter, like that of the jointer, can reach 8 cm. Like the jointer, it is used for fitting various parts.
- Medvedka larger in width and length and has paired transverse handles on the sides. Usually two people work as a bear at the same time. Zhelezkov is fixed to the bear special wedge and removes a layer of 1 mm. A bearer is used for planing elements such as boards external cladding, for floors or ceilings.
- Sander used for final cleaning of surfaces and leveling of defects that arose at previous stages of processing. Using a sander, the ends, areas with knots and irregular or complex structure wood In this type of tool, a double knife with a linear blade and a chip breaker is installed, the knife attachment angle is 60 degrees.
- Zinubel used for processing twisted types of wood and for applying small grooves on the surface to improve the adhesion of elements in the future adhesive connection. Tsinubel knives have ribs that form teeth when sharpened. Placing the knife at an angle of 80 degrees relative to the block allows you to process even twisted wood without scuffing. On average, the length of the sole of the tsinubel is 20 cm, the width and height are 6.5 cm. The knives are single with a serrated blade.
- End plane used for processing ends and planing small surfaces with a tangled fiber structure.
- Single planer applies for reprocessing. When planing, chips are formed without breaking; The surface is characterized by small scuffs or chips.
- Double planer has a chipbreaker in addition to the knife, which improves the quality of processing.
Figure planing, types
- Zenzubel (selector) equipped double knife, thereby improving the quality of product processing. Used for planing perpendicular planes and cleaning quarters. The width of the blade-shaped knife does not exceed 33 mm. The tool is similar to a folding belt.
- Federgubel It is distinguished by a special blade shape, which forms a rectangular longitudinal protrusion along the edge of the wooden workpiece.
- Falzgebel , like the zenzubel, is used for profile planing. It is equipped with a single knife, having a straight or oblique configuration, and is used for stripping quarters (folds). It has a stepped sole, sometimes removable, which allows you to select folds of the required size and profile for each individual case.
- Staffgobel and stacker – thanks to knives having a concave shape, they give the workpieces a rounded shape. The stacker is used for processing convex surfaces.
- tongue and groove ( prankster ) used for selecting tongues (grooves) along the edges of a wood piece. Consists of a pair of pads connected by special metal screws. The first block is a guide; the second, holding the knives - securing.
The groove is also often equipped with a special rib or an adjustable ruler for cutting the groove strictly at a given distance from the cut.
- Mold used primarily for curly processing and giving specific shapes, such as cornices, baguettes, doorways. It has a stepped sole and figured cutters, allowing you to make the required profiles.
- Gruntubel It is a block with a pointed hook in the form of a cutter installed on the side of it. This cutter is fixed in the block using a screw or wedge. Designed for making grooves of a trapezoidal profile located across the grain of the wood.
- Gorbach (American) used for processing curved and concave planes with internal or external diameters. It has a curvilinear shaped block.
While creating wooden products Many different types of operations are required, so in carpentry and carpentry, only one type of plane is often not enough! Some types of planes are better to use exclusively in pairs- federgubel, bear or tongue and groove. Other modifications require sequential use: sherhebel is used for preliminary rough processing of raw materials and jointers are used for final finishing planes. The main purpose of planes as a tool is to process planar-linear surfaces and create the necessary reliefs.
