Scheme of automatic tank filling pump control. Reed water level sensors for automatic pump control. A simple device for controlling a water pump

Uninterrupted water supply to a private house is a completely doable task. To do this, it is necessary to automate the process of replenishing the consumed water in the tanks. Since most high-quality machines are quite expensive, and affordable ones do not meet quality requirements, it is possible to make a home-made device for regulating the water supply by a deep pump from a well or well.

Usually, water from a well enters a reservoir, from which it is used for its intended purpose through connected taps. As the liquid is consumed, the pump should automatically turn on until the container is full and turn it off in a timely manner, preventing overflow or rupture.

For this purpose, reed switches can be used, which are a hermetic contact controlled by a magnet. Such contacts are usually used in television and radio equipment. They are reliable and durable. Reed switches usually have three switching contacts. But you can also use instances with two outputs, you just need to purchase two different reed switches - having normally closed and normally open contacts.

The pump starter is installed in convenient location premises. Voltage is supplied to its input from the network, and an electric pump is connected to the output contact. Inside the tank, a plastic tube is fixed to its lid, inside which a cylindrical float with a magnet attached to it is placed. A piece of foam can be used as a float. As water accumulates in the tank, the float rises, and when the water level drops, it falls.

Reed switches are fixed on the plastic tube - the upper, opening the network, at the maximum water level, the lower, closing, at the minimum level. When water is collected, the magnet on the float rises to the level of the upper reed switch. Influenced magnetic field the reed switch works, disconnecting the pump from the network - the water supply stops. When water is consumed, the magnet drops to the lower reed switch, and it closes the circuit - the pump turns on and pumps water from the well to the required level. Due to the reliability of the reed switches, the automatic control system of the submersible pump works flawlessly.

Assembling an automatic control unit for a submersible pump in rooms with a low ceiling.

If the storage tank is installed in the room in such a way that the distance from its upper edge to the ceiling is too small, then the pump control unit is installed in a different way.

The float, lowered into the tank, is connected with a twine through a system of guide pulleys with a magnet. Bobbins can be used as pulleys. sewing machine. A plastic tube with a magnet is placed outside the tank, in any convenient place, but in such a way that there are no obstacles for the free movement of the twine. In this case, the twine should be slightly stretched, for which you can add small weights to the magnet.

TO outer surface tubes are attached to the reed switches at the desired height, corresponding to the level of switching on and off the pump. In this case, the reed switch opening the network will be lower than the closing one.

Control of the pump by a conventional switch.

In some cases, the organization automatic control pump using reed switches can be difficult or impossible. In this case, there is an option to automate turning the system on and off using a simple electrical wall switch. With its simplicity, this type of pump control is less reliable and not durable. Much depends on the quality of the switch itself.

1. A float (plumbing or foam) is installed in the storage tank. A non-metallic rod is attached to it, which is brought out.

2. A guide tube is attached to the inner walls of the tank, inside which the rod from the float will move up and down with minimal resistance.

3. A magnet is attached to the rod, which will change the position of the switch contacts to "On." or "Off". In this case, the magnet must be strong enough so that its magnetic field can overcome the resistance force of the spring inside the switch.

4. On the switch key, it is necessary to securely fasten a metal plate or a strong wire, the ends of which are recommended to be bent in the form of a mustache - contacts.

5. The supply tank and the switch are mounted on the same wall, and the switch is located above the tank.

6. To connect the pump to the switch, the phase wire of the power cable is cut, and the ends are connected to the contacts of the switch. The plug of the cable is inserted into the socket.

How does this type of machine work.

1. When water is consumed from the storage tank, its level decreases, respectively, the magnet on the rod moves down. At the moment when it reaches the level of the lower contact antenna, it is sharply attracted to the magnet, turning the switch to the "On" position. The pump turns on, water starts to fill.

Service autonomous system water supply includes control over pumping equipment and serviceability of communications, conservation of the network during a long absence, rational automatic control.

Automation is easy to implement by installing a pump control cabinet in a specially designated place - a compact distribution station operating in several modes. We will tell you in detail how to competently assemble and install it. Following our advice, you will be able to correctly connect the equipment.

We have given a typical configuration of the control cabinet. Describe what additional functions can be installed and used. The information proposed for consideration was supplemented with useful illustrations and videos.

Technical filling different models differs, since control points have an individual functional orientation.

Manufacturers offer ready-made standard circuits, but they do not always meet specific requirements, so there is such a service as custom-made control unit manufacturing. To begin with, we will try to consider the common positions that unite all models.

Functional responsibilities of the control cabinet

The main function of any distribution station is to organize the operation of the equipment connected to it, in this case, pumping. From one control panel (and this is convenient if the distance between objects is large), control over the engines of drainage, surface, borehole pumps is effectively performed.

The number of connected units may vary. The minimum connection is one borehole or one that supplies water and provides it with the entire water supply system (heating, fire extinguishing). In addition to it, a drainage pump is connected, which is necessary for pumping water in domestic and emergency situations.

Image gallery

Possible modes of operation: circulation and drainage by an analog sensor or by a pressure switch. Two options for the operation algorithm involve joint or sequential switching on of pumps

Specifications:

Voltage - 1x220 V or 3x380 V, 50 Hz
Motor power of the connected equipment - up to 7.5 kW for each motor
Temperature range - from 0°С to +40 °С
Degree of protection: IP65

When emergency and breakdown of the pump motor (due to short circuit, overload, overheating), the equipment is automatically turned off and a backup option is connected.

Wardrobes Wilo SK

The SK-712, SK-FC, SK-FFS ranges from the Wilo brand are designed to control several pumps - from 1 to 6 pieces.

Some automatic schemes Wilo cabinet SK-712 greatly simplifies the operation of pumping stations

Specifications:

Voltage -380 V, 50 Hz
Motor power of connected equipment - from 0.37 to 450 kW
Temperature range – from +1°C to +40°C
Degree of protection: IP54

During operation, all technological parameters are displayed on the display. In the event of an emergency, an error code is displayed.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

You can learn more about how pump control cabinets work in the following videos.

How to make the simplest SHUN with your own hands:

An example of the operation of a typical SHUN on a test bench:

The use of pump control cabinets makes it possible to efficiently use the resources of downhole or drainage equipment and save energy. Knowing specifications his pumping station, you can purchase the basic SHUN model or place an order according to an individual scheme.

It often happens that it is not enough to have only a pump for pumping out or replenishing water, it is also necessary to correct it, that is, turn it on and turn it on on time. Everything would be fine if you have such processes planned, and if not, then what to do? Let's say you have a cellar where water arrives ... Or the reverse situation. There is a tank, which should always be full, ready for watering. During the day, the water is warmed, and in the evening you water. So, you need to constantly monitor both, and this is all the time, worries, your work. But our age, such tasks are already being solved once or twice, that is, it is possible to automate the process. As a result, automation will do everything for you, pump or pump out water, and you will only rarely have to monitor it, check its performance. Well, our article will just be given to such a topic as the implementation of a scheme for pumping or pumping water, then we will talk about this in more detail and in detail.

Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for pumping water by degree

We will start with a water pumping scheme, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain extent, and then turning off the pump so that it does not work on Idling. Take a look at the diagram below.

Actually, such a circuit diagram is capable of pumping water to a predetermined degree. Let's look at the principle of its work, what is here and why. So, let's imagine that water replenishes our reservoir, it doesn't matter if it's your room, cellar or tank ... As a result, when water reaches the upper reed switch SV1, voltage is applied to the coil of the great relay P1. Its contacts are closed, and through them parallel connection reed switch. In this manner, the relay is self-caught. The power relay P2 is also turned on, which switches the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on for pumping out. Further, the water level begins to drop and reaches the reed switch SV2, in this case it closes and supplies a positive potential to the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on the coil on both sides, the current does not flow, the magnetic field of the relay weakens - relay P1 turns off. When P1 is turned off, the supply of tables for relay P2 is also turned off, that is, the pump also stops pumping water. In bondage to the power of the pump, you can pick up a relay for the current you need.
We didn't say anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that during the switching on of the SV2 reed switch there is no short circuit with a minus through the relay contacts. It is better to choose a resistor in total so that it allows relay P1 to work confidently, but at the same time it has the highest possible potential. In our case, it was 200 ohms. Another feature of the scheme is the use of reed switches. Their advantage in application is obvious, they do not come into contact with water, which means that the electrical circuit will not be affected by possible changes in currents and potentials at various life situations, whether it is salty or impure water ... The circuit will always work stably and “without misfires”.
Well, now let's analyze the reverse situation, when it is necessary to pump water into the tank on the contrary and turn it off when the level rises.

Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for loading water by degree

If you cover our article all fluently and at once with your eyes, you will notice that we simply simply did not give the second scheme in the article, except for the one that is taller. In fact, this is a self-evident fact, because what essentially distinguishes the pumping circuit from the pumping circuit, except that the reed switches are located one at the bottom of the second one at the bottom. That is, if you rearrange the reed switches, or reconnect the contacts to them, then one circuit will turn into another. That is, we summarize that in order to convert the above scheme into a scheme for pumping water, change the reed switches in points. As a result, the pump will turn on from the lower sensor - reed switch SV1, and turn off at the upper level from reed switch SV2.

Implementation of the installation of reed switches as end sensors for actuating the pump in bondage from the water level

In addition to the electrical circuit, you will also need to make a design that ensures the closure of the reed switches, in bondage to the water level. For our part, we can offer you a couple of options that will satisfy such conditions. Take a look at them below.

In the first case, a design is implemented using a thread, a cable. In the second, a rigid construction, when the magnets are introduced on a rod floating on a float. To describe the elements of each of the structures of a special reason neti, here, in principle, and so everything is very clear.

Connecting the pump according to the triggering scheme in bondage from the water level in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that these circuits are very simple, do not require adjustment and anyone can repeat it utilitarian, even without experience with electronics. Secondly, the circuit is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its circuits are open. This means that consumption will be limited only by current losses in the power supply, no more.

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When it becomes necessary to control the liquid level, many do this work manually, but this is extremely inefficient, takes a lot of time and effort, and the consequences of an oversight can be very expensive: for example, a flooded apartment or a burned-out pump. This can be easily avoided by using float switches. These devices are simple in design and principle of operation, affordable.

At home, sensors of this type allow you to automate processes such as:

control of the liquid level in the supply tank;
pumping out ground water from the cellar;
turning off the pump when the level in the well falls below the permissible level, and some others.

The principle of operation of the float sensor

An object is placed in a liquid that does not sink in it. It can be a piece of wood or styrofoam, hollow sealed sphere plastic or metal and much more. When the liquid level changes, this object will rise or fall with it. If the float is connected to the actuator, it will act as a water level sensor in the tank.

Equipment classification

Float sensors can independently control the liquid level or send a signal to the control circuit. According to this principle, they can be divided into two large groups: mechanical and electrical.

Mechanical devices

Mechanical valves include a wide variety of float valves for the water level in the tank.
The principle of their operation is that the float is connected to the lever, when the liquid level changes, the float moves up or down that lever, and he, in turn, acts on the valve, which shuts off (opens) the water supply. Such valves can be seen in cisterns toilets. They are very convenient to use where you need to constantly add water from the central water supply system.

Mechanical sensors have a number of advantages:

simplicity of design;
compactness;
safety;
autonomy - do not require any sources of electricity;
reliability;
cheapness;
ease of installation and configuration.

But these sensors have one significant drawback: they can control only one (upper) level, which depends on the installation site, and regulate it, if possible, then within very small limits. On sale such a valve can called "float valve for tanks".

Electrical sensors

An electric liquid level sensor (float) differs from a mechanical one in that it does not shut off the water itself.
melts, moving when the amount of liquid changes, affects the electrical contacts that are included in the control circuit. Based on these signals automatic system control makes a decision about the need for certain actions. In the simplest case, such a sensor has a float. This float acts on the contact through which the pump is turned on.

Reed switches are most often used as contacts. A reed switch is a sealed glass bulb with contacts inside. The switching of these contacts occurs under the action of a magnetic field. Reed switches are miniature in size and can be easily placed inside a thin tube made of non-magnetic material (plastic, aluminum). A float with a magnet moves freely along the tube under the action of the liquid, when it approaches, the contacts are triggered. The whole system is installed vertically in the tank. By changing the position of the reed switch inside the tube, you can adjust the moment of operation of the automation.

If you need to monitor the upper level in the tank, then the sensor is installed at the top. As soon as the level falls below the set level, the contact closes and the pump turns on. Water will start to increase and when the water level reaches the upper limit, the float will return to its original state and the pump will turn off. However, such a scheme cannot be applied in practice. The fact is that the sensor is triggered at the slightest change in level, after which the pump turns on, the level rises, and the pump turns off. If the water flow from the tank is less than supply, a situation arises when the pump constantly turns on and off, while it quickly overheats and fails.

Therefore, water level sensors to control the pump work differently. The container has at least two contacts. One is responsible for the upper level, it turns off the pump. The second defines the position of the lower level, upon reaching which the pump turns on. Thus, the number of starts is significantly reduced, which ensures reliable operation of the entire system. If the level difference is small, then it is convenient to use a tube with two reed switches inside and one float that switches them. With a difference of more than a meter, two separate sensors are used, installed at the required heights.

Despite more complex structure and the need for a control circuit, electric float sensors allow you to fully automate the process of controlling the liquid level.

If you connect light bulbs through such sensors, then they can be used to visually control the amount of liquid in the tank.

Homemade float switch

If you have the time and desire, then the simplest float water level sensor can be made by hand, and the cost of it will be minimal.

mechanical system

In order to make it as easy as possible design, we will use a ball valve (faucet) as a locking device. The smallest valves (half-inch and smaller) work well. Such a faucet has a handle with which it closes. To convert it into a sensor, it is necessary to lengthen this handle with a strip of metal. The strip is attached to the handle through holes drilled in it with appropriate screws. The cross section of this lever should be minimal, but at the same time it should not bend under the action of the float. Its length is about 50 cm. The float is attached to the end of this lever.

Can be used as a float use a two-liter plastic bottle from soda. The bottle is half filled with water.

You can check the operation of the system without installing it in the tank. To do this, install the crane vertically, and put the lever with the float in a horizontal position. If everything is done correctly, then under the influence of the mass of water in the bottles, the lever will begin to move down and take a vertical position, and the valve handle will turn with it. Now submerge your device in water. The bottle should pop up and turn the valve handle.

Since the valves vary in size and the force required to switch them, it may be necessary to adjust the system. If the float cannot turn the valve, you can increase lever length or take a larger bottle.

We mount the sensor in the tank at the required level in a horizontal position, while in the vertical position of the float the valve must be open, and in the horizontal position it must be closed.

Electrical type sensor

For self-manufacturing sensor this type, except conventional tool, you will need:

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

When the liquid level changes, the float moves with it, which acts on electrical contact to control the water level in the tank. The control circuit with such a sensor may look like the one shown in the figure. Points 1, 2, 3 are the connection points for the wire that comes from our sensor. Point 2 is the common point.

Consider the principle of operation homemade device. Let's say when the tank is turned on empty, the float is in the low position (LL), this contact closes and energizes the relay (P).

The relay is activated and closes contacts P1 and P2. P1 is a self-locking contact. It is needed so that the relay does not turn off (the pump continues to work) when the water starts to arrive and the NU contact opens. Contact P2 connects the pump (H) to the power supply.

When the level rises to the upper value, the reed switch will work and open its VU contact. The relay will be de-energized, it will open its contacts P1 and P2, and the pump will turn off.

With a decrease in the amount of water in the tank, the float will begin to descend, but until it takes the lower position and closes the HL contact, the pump will not turn on. When this happens, the cycle of work will repeat again.

This is how the water level control float switch works.

During operation, it is necessary to periodically clean the pipe and the float from contamination. Reed switches withstand a huge number of switchings, so such a sensor will last for many years.

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The presence of running and drinking water is the most important component of comfortable living and recreation outside the city. In a situation where central water supply is not available, the only right decision is to drill a well or a well and then install an automatic submersible pump. The uninterrupted operation of the unit depends on the control system, which is assembled according to different schemes.

Overview of control units from different manufacturers
- Control device Aries SAU-M2

Submersible pump control - the feasibility of automation

For arrangement in country house a fully functional water supply system requires automation of the process of filling expendable containers. The pump control must be reliable in operation and simple in design.

Automation pumping unit allows you to achieve uninterrupted and reliable water supply, reduce operating costs and labor costs, and reduce the volume of control tanks.

For organization automatic operation pump, in addition to standard equipment for general use (magnetic starters, contactors, intermediate relays and switches), special monitoring / control devices are also used. These elements include:

jet relays;
level and filling control relay;
electrode level switches;
capacitive type sensors;
various manometers;
float switch, etc.

Submersible pump control options

Three types of controls can be distinguished submersible pump:

control unit in the form of a remote control;
press control;
automatic control with a mechanism for maintaining a constant water pressure in the system.

The first option is the simplest control unit that can protect the pump from power surges and possible short circuits. Automatic operation is achieved by connecting the control unit to a level or pressure switch. Sometimes the remote control is connected to float switch. For a similar automation unit, the price does not exceed 4000-5000 rubles. However, it is not expedient to use such a control without protecting the pump from dry running and the pressure switch.

There are blocks with built-in systems, for example, "Aquarius 4000" worth 4000-10000 rubles. A significant plus of the equipment is ease of installation. Installation can be done independently without the involvement of specialists.

The second option - "press control" is equipped with built-in systems of passive protection against dry running and automated operation of the pump. Management is based on focusing on a number of parameters, among which the level of flow and water pressure is necessarily taken into account. For example, if the water flow is higher than 50 l/min, then the equipment under press control adjustment operates continuously. As the water flow decreases / pressure increases, the automation is activated and the press control turns off the pump.

When the liquid consumption is less than 50 l / min, the pump starts with a decrease in pressure in the water supply system to 1.5 atmospheres. This feature is especially important in pressure surge conditions where it is required to reduce the number of on/off of the device during minimum flow water.

Successful models of press control equipment: Brio-2000M and Aquarius.

The third option is block control with maintaining a stable pressure throughout the system. It is advisable to install this device where pressure "jumps" are highly undesirable.

Important! Stably high pressure indicators increase energy consumption, while the efficiency of pumping equipment decreases

Submersible pump control cabinet: necessity and functions

The control cabinet is an indispensable element of an autonomous water supply system operating on the basis of a submersible pump. It integrates all control, control units and safety blocks.

With the help of a switch cabinet, it will be possible to solve a number of problems:

Ensuring smooth, safe start-up of the pump motor.
Regulation of the frequency converter.
Performance tracking autonomous water supply: water temperature, pressure in pipes, level in the well.
Alignment of the characteristics of the current that is supplied to the terminals of the electric motor and regulates the speed of the pump shaft.

The control cabinet serving several units at the same time has extended functionality:

Control of the frequency of operation of the pumps. Control units alternately ensure uniform wear of the machine part of the equipment. This almost doubles the service life of pressure equipment.
Monitoring the continuity of the units. If one pump fails, the well will continue pumping water on the second (reserve) line.
Monitoring the functionality of pumping equipment. During the downtime of the device, its silting is prevented.

Standard equipment of the control cabinet

The distribution cabinet for a submersible pump (water, drainage, fire) consists of the following elements:

Frame - metal box designed for the installation of electrical equipment.
The front panel is made on the basis of the housing cover, in which the "Stop" / "Start" buttons are built. On front side indicators of operation of sensors and pumps are mounted, as well as a relay for switching from manual to automatic mode.
The phase control unit consists of three sensors that monitor the load by phases. The device is installed near the “entrance” to the control cabinet hardware.
Contractor - a switch that supplies electricity to the terminals of the pumping unit and disconnects the unit from the network.
A fuse is a special relay that eliminates the consequences of a short circuit in the system. In the event of a short circuit, the fuse element will blow, not the motor winding or the contents of the cabinet.
Control unit - controls the mode of operation of the unit. It consists of a pump off / on sensor and an overflow sensor. Sensor terminals are inserted into the hydraulic tank and into the well.
The frequency converter controls the shaft speed induction motor, resetting and increasing the speed at the moment of turning off and starting the pump.
Pressure and temperature sensors are connected to the contractor and block the start of the unit in improper operating conditions - icing of pipes, pressure increase, etc.

Such a "stuffing" of control cabinets is taken as a basis by many manufacturers. But at the same time, some companies are implementing typical scheme innovative solutions, increasing the competitiveness of the product.

Overview of control units from different manufacturers

Automatic station "Cascade"

The Cascade submersible pump control station is designed for automatic control/protection of the unit's three-phase electric motor, rated at 380 V. The station is a metal cabinet with a lock. The kit includes:

control station;
dry running sensor (conductometric type);
level sensor;
passport and instruction manual.

Technical and operational characteristics of the station "Kaskad":

rated current - up to 250 A;
working position - vertical;
supply of level sensors with alternating current;
current measurement by load phases;
supply voltage - 380 V;
degree of protection - IP21, IP54.

Produced models

Emergency shutdown in case of:

overloads during operation and at the time of launch;
breakage of one / two phases;
"idling" of the engine;
overheating of the electric motor;
low well debit;
short circuit in the motor circuit.

Control device "Height"

The Vysota submersible pump protection/control device is designed for centrifugal downhole units with a capacity of 2.8-90 kW. Main functions:

pump start/stop depending on the liquid level in the tank;
shutdown of the unit in case of short circuits;
dry running protection;
motor insulation resistance control;
phase load control.

Important! If the level sensor is not used, then the device can be operated in remote control mode

The principle of operation of the station "Vysota"

If there is no water in the tank, the lower and upper electronic sensors (KNU, KVU) are open, and relay K1 is de-energized - the pumping equipment starts. At the upper liquid level, the KVU contact closes the circuit, the K1 relay is activated and opens the starter coil circuit - the pump is turned off. After the water level drops below the KNU, the electric pump is switched on again.

Short circuit protection of the electrical circuit is provided by the QF switch, control circuit by the FU fuse. The current thermal relay KK protects against overloads; when triggered, the light with the inscription "Overload" lights up.

Control device Aries SAU-M2

The device for controlling the submersible pump Aries SAU-M2 is used to maintain the water level in storage tanks, reservoirs, settling tanks and drainage complexes.

Specifications and operating conditions:

nominal voltage - 220V;
permissible deviations from the recommended voltage level - + 10 ... -15%;
maximum admissible current- 8 A;
liquid resistance at which the sensor is triggered - up to 500 kOhm;
case protection degree - IP44;
temperature environment— +1…+50°С;
relative air humidity - maximum 80% at +35°C;
atmospheric pressure - about 86-106.7 kPa.

Functional diagram of the SAU-M2 submersible pump control unit

When the water level in the tank reaches the bottom mark, where the long tank sensor electrode is installed, the tank is automatically filled to the upper level, where the tank sensor short electrode is mounted. 2 three-electrode sensors are connected to the device:

filled tank level sensor;
level sensor in the tank used for fluid intake (well).

Comparators 1-4 compare the signal values with the reference value, after which they issue a signal to turn on / off the pump relay, to which the unit's electric drive is connected.

The "Pump" relay turns off when the short electrode of the capacity sensor is flooded and turns on when the long electrode is drained (lower level).

A simple submersible pump control circuit

For the arrangement of country water supply on a small elevation, it is desirable to place a container for accumulating water. From the tank to water pipes water will be supplied to the house and the right places personal plot. The figure shows a diagram of the simplest pump control mechanism, which can be organized independently.

The circuit consists of a small number of elements. The advantages of such control are ease of installation and reliability.

Principle of operation:

Starting and switching off of the unit is carried out by the normally closed contact of relay K1.1.
The operating mode is selected by switch S2 (water lift-drainage).
Sensors F1 and F2 monitor the water level in the tank (you can use a conventional tank as a tank). wooden barrel or plastic container).
Switching on the power supply with switch S1, in the case when the liquid level is below sensor F1, the relay coil is de-energized - the pump starts through the closed contacts of relay K1.1. After the water rises to the sensor F1, the transistor VT1 opens and turns on the relay K1. The normally closed contacts K1.1 will open and the unit will stop.

The control system uses a low power transformer from the broadcast receiver. At the same time, it is important to observe that the voltage on the capacitor C1 is at least 24 V. The KD212A diodes can be replaced by any diode with a rectified current of the order of 1 A and a reverse voltage of more than 100 V.

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Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for pumping water by degree

We'll start with a water pumping scheme, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain extent, and then turning off the pump so that it does not idle. Take a look at the diagram below.

Actually, such a circuit diagram is capable of pumping water to a predetermined degree. Let's look at the principle of its work, what is here and why. So, let's imagine that water replenishes our reservoir, it doesn't matter if it's your room, cellar or tank ... As a result, when water reaches the upper reed switch SV1, voltage is applied to the coil of the great relay P1. Its contacts are closed, and a reed switch is connected in parallel through them. In this manner, the relay is self-caught. The power relay P2 is also turned on, which switches the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on for pumping out. Further, the water level begins to drop and reaches the reed switch SV2, in this case it closes and supplies a positive potential to the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on the coil on both sides, the current does not flow, the magnetic field of the relay weakens - relay P1 turns off. When P1 is turned off, the supply of tables for relay P2 is also turned off, that is, the pump also stops pumping water. In bondage to the power of the pump, you can pick up a relay for the current you need.
We didn't say anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that during the switching on of the SV2 reed switch there is no short circuit with a minus through the relay contacts. It is better to choose a resistor in total so that it allows relay P1 to work confidently, but at the same time it has the highest possible potential. In our case, it was 200 ohms. Another feature of the scheme is the use of reed switches. Their advantage when used is obvious, they do not come into contact with water, which means that the electrical circuit will not be affected by possible changes in currents and potentials in various life situations, whether it is salty or impure water ... The circuit will always work stably and “without misfires”.
Well, now let's analyze the reverse situation, when it is necessary to pump water into the tank on the contrary and turn it off when the level rises.

Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for loading water by degree

Implementation of the installation of reed switches as end sensors for actuating the pump in bondage from the water level

Connecting the pump according to the triggering scheme in bondage from the water level in the tank - summing up

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The need for automation

So that the water supply system country house was automatic and worked without your intervention, you need an automatic machine (automation system) that will maintain a certain pressure in the system and control the start and stop of pumping equipment.

To make pump control simple and reliable, in addition to standard equipment general purpose(contactors, magnetic starters, switches and intermediate relays) are used special devices control and management. These include the following products:

jet relays;
pressure and liquid level control sensors;
electrode relays;
capacitive sensors;
manometers;
float level sensors.

Pump equipment control options

The following types of devices are used to control a submersible pump:

control panel, consisting of a block of necessary mechanisms;
press control;
automatic control that maintains a certain pressure in the water supply system.

The control panel is a fairly simple unit that allows you to protect the pump product from power surges and short circuits. Automatic operation mode can be obtained by connecting the control unit to a pressure and liquid level switch. In some cases, the control panel is attached to the float sensor. The price of such a control unit is low, but its effectiveness without the use of pump protection against dry operation and a pressure switch is in doubt.

Tip: for self-assembly it is better to use a block with a built-in system.

The control unit in the form of a press control has a built-in passive protection against dry running, as well as equipment for automated operation of the pump. To control the system, it is necessary to control a number of parameters, namely fluid pressure and flow rate. For example, if the water flow exceeds 50 liters per minute, then the pumping equipment under the control of the press control works without stopping. The machine operates and turns off the pump if the water flow decreases and the pressure in the system rises. If the fluid flow is less than 50 liters per minute, then the pump product starts when the pressure in the system drops to 1.5 bar. Such operation of the machine is especially important during sudden pressure surges, when it is necessary to reduce the number of starts and stops of the pump at a minimum flow rate.

An automatic control unit that allows you to maintain a constant pressure in the system must be used where any pressure surges are highly undesirable.

Attention: if the pressure indicators are constantly overestimated, then the energy consumption will increase, and pump efficiency vice versa will decrease.

Control cabinet

The most advanced machine for controlling the operation of pumping equipment is the control cabinet. All the necessary components and safety blocks for controlling a submersible pump are built into this device.

With the help of such a cabinet, you can solve many problems:

The equipment provides safe smooth start of the engine.
The operation of the frequency converter is being adjusted.
The device monitors the operational parameters of the autonomous water supply system, namely pressure, fluid temperature, water level in the well.
The machine equalizes the characteristics of the current supplied to the motor terminals, and also regulates the speed of the shaft of the pumping equipment.

There are also control cabinets that can serve multiple pumps. These products can solve even more problems:

They will control the frequency of operation of the pumps, which will increase the service life of the units, because thanks to the control unit, uniform wear of the mechanical parts can be ensured.
Special relays will monitor the continuous operation of pumping products. If one unit fails, the work will be shifted to the second product.
Also, the automation system can independently monitor the health of pumping equipment. During prolonged inactivity of the pumps, silting will be prevented.

The following components and elements are included in the standard package of the control cabinet:

Case in the form of a steel box with doors.
The front panel is made on the basis of the housing cover. It has built in start and stop buttons. The panel is equipped with indicators of the operation of the pump and sensors, as well as a relay for selecting automatic and manual modes of operation.
Near the entrance to the equipment compartment of the cabinet, a phase control device is installed, which consists of 3 sensors. This block monitors the load by phase.
The contactor is a product for supplying electric current to the pump terminals and disconnect the unit from the mains.
Safety relay for short circuit protection. In the event of a short circuit, the fuse will be damaged, and not the winding of the pump motor or the components and parts of the cabinet.
To control the operation of the unit, there is a control unit in the cabinet. There are sensors for overflow, start and stop of the pump. In this case, the terminals of these sensors are brought into the well or hydraulic tank.
To control the rotation of the motor shaft, a frequency converter is used. It allows you to smoothly reset and increase the engine speed when starting and stopping pumping equipment.
Temperature and pressure sensors are attached to the contactor and prevent the pump from starting under unsuitable conditions.

The simplest control scheme

The use of a simple scheme is justified for arranging water supply for a small country house. In this case, it is better to place the water collection tank on a slight elevation. From the storage tank through a pipeline system, water will be supplied to different places yard and home.

Tip: you can use a metal, plastic or wooden barrel or tank as a storage tank.

The simplest control scheme for pumping equipment is easy to implement on your own, since it consists of a small number of elements. The main advantage of such a scheme is reliability and ease of installation.

The principle of operation of this control scheme is as follows:

To turn on and off the pumping equipment, a contact relay (K 1.1) of a normally closed type is used.
The scheme implies two modes of operation - the rise of water from the well and drainage. The choice of this or that mode is carried out by means of the switch (S2).
Relays F 1 and 2 are used to control the water level in the storage tank.
When the water in the tank drops below the level of the F1 sensor, the power is turned on through the switch S. In this case, the relay coil will be de-energized. The pumping equipment is started when the contacts on the K1.1 relay are closed.
After the liquid level rises to the sensor F1, the transistor VT1 will open and the relay K1 will turn on. In this case, the contacts of the normally closed type on relay K1.1 will open and the pumping equipment will turn off.

This control system uses a low-power transformer, which can be taken in a rotary receiver. When assembling the system, it is important that a voltage of at least 24 V is applied to capacitor C1. If you do not have KD 212 A diodes, then instead of them you can use any diodes with a rectified current within 1 A, while the reverse voltage should be more than 100 V.

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Conductometric control method

There is much more reliable method control and management of the liquid level is a conductometric method. True, it is suitable only for conductive liquids, but the vast majority of tasks relate to regulating the level of water, which conducts current very well.
The principle is based on the fact that electrodes are immersed in a liquid, between which a small current flows with a small voltage. A special controller thus monitors the liquid level with absolute precision. The method has high reliability, control accuracy and more flexible mode, because levels can be set arbitrarily.

Let's give an example: there is a well with a low flow rate, respectively, the well pump needs to be protected from working without water as reliably as possible and ensure it comfortable work. Only by conductometric method can we ensure correct mode operation of the pump and high reliability of operation.
We can set a mode in which the pump will turn off when the liquid level is unacceptable, and turn on only when the water level in the well is completely restored. This will not only protect the pump, but also ensure that the pump is rarely started. Otherwise, its resource will be greatly reduced, because. a slight rise in water will turn on the pump, which in a matter of seconds will pump out this water and turn off again. And so in short cycles. This is both uncomfortable and will quickly disable the pump.
The controller is a universal switching product, which can be used and expanded in many ways. For example, you want to know about an emergency - we connect a modular buzzer or a lamp that will signal a malfunction. By connecting servo-driven taps, it is easy to build a water leakage protection system. And much more.

Any conductive metal object is suitable as electrodes for a conductometric system. But since many materials oxidize and rust, it is recommended to use brass elements as electrodes and of stainless steel.
Suggested factory electrodes can be viewed Here

As a common (lower) electrode, you can also use the body of the controlled container, if it is metal. When automating a submersible pump, the body of the pump itself can act as a common electrode, then we simply connect the common electrode terminal to the ground contact of the pump cable.

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Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for pumping water by level

We will start with a water pumping scheme, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain level, and then turn off the pump so that it does not idle. Take a look at the diagram below.

It is such a circuit diagram that is capable of pumping water to a predetermined level. Let's look at the principle of its work, what is here and why. So, let's imagine that water replenishes our tank, it doesn't matter if it's your room, cellar or tank ... As a result, when the water reaches the upper reed switch SV1, voltage is applied to the coil of the control relay P1. Its contacts are closed, and a reed switch is connected in parallel through them. Thus the relay is self-caught. The power relay P2 is also turned on, which switches the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on for pumping out. Further, the water level begins to drop and reaches the reed switch SV2, in this case it closes and supplies a positive potential to the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on the coil on both sides, the current does not flow, the magnetic field of the relay weakens - relay P1 turns off. When P1 is turned off, the power supply for relay P2 is also turned off, that is, the pump also stops pumping water. Depending on the power of the pump, you can choose a relay for the current you need.
We didn't say anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that during the switching on of the reed switch SV2 there is no short circuit with a minus through the relay contacts. It is best to choose a resistor such that it allows relay P1 to work confidently, but at the same time it has the highest possible potential. In our case, it was 200 ohms. Another feature of the scheme is the use of reed switches. Their advantage when used is obvious, they do not come into contact with water, which means that the electrical circuit will not be affected by possible changes in currents and potentials in various life situations, whether it is salty or dirty water ... The circuit will always work stably and “without misfires”. No circuit configuration is required, everything works right away, with the right connection.

After 2 months... Now for what was done a couple of months later, based on the requirement to reduce standby power consumption. That is, this is the second version of everything that we talked about above.
You understand that according to the diagram above, a 12-volt power supply will be constantly turned on, which, by the way, also consumes not free electricity. And based on this, it was decided to make a circuit for triggering a pump for pumping or filling water with a current in standby mode equal to 0 mA. In fact, it turned out to be easy to implement. Take a look at the diagram below.

Initially, in the circuit, all circuits are open, which means that it consumes our declared 0 mA, that is, nothing. When the upper reed switch closes, the voltage through the transformer and the diode bridge turns on relay P1. Thus, the relay switches power through its contacts and a 36 ohm resistor to the power supply and again to itself, that is, it picks itself up. The pump turns on. Further, when the water level reaches the bottom and relay P2 is activated, it breaks the very self-catch circuit of relay P1, thus de-energizing the entire circuit and putting it into standby mode. The 36 ohm resistor serves to limit the current to the pump, at least a little, when the upper reed switch is turned on. Thus, reducing the induction current on the reed switch and extending its life. When the power supply is already powered through the P1 relay, after it is triggered, such resistance will easily provide voltage to hold the relay, that is, it will not be critical, and secondly, it will not heat up, since not a significant current will flow through it. This is only the current from losses in the winding and the current to power the relay P1. Therefore, the requirements for the resistor are not critical.
It remains to be said that in any of these schemes, not only a reed switch, but simply end sensors can be used.

Well, now let's look at the reverse situation, when it is necessary to pump water into the tank and turn it off when high level in him. That is, the pump turns on when the water level is low, and turns off when it is high.

Scheme of control (shutdown) of the pump for loading water by level

If you cover our article all fluently and at once with your eyes, you will notice that we simply simply did not give the second scheme in the article, except for the one above. In fact, this is a self-evident fact, because what is the difference between the pumping scheme and the pumping scheme, except that the reed switches are located one from the bottom of the second from the bottom. That is, if you rearrange the reed switches, or reconnect the contacts to them, then one circuit will turn into another. That is, we summarize that in order to convert the above scheme into a water pumping scheme, swap the reed switches. As a result, the pump will turn on from the lower sensor - reed switch SV1, and turn off at the upper level from reed switch SV2.

Implementation of the installation of reed switches as end sensors for pump operation depending on the water level

In addition to the electrical circuit, you will also need to make a design that ensures the closure of the reed switches, depending on the water level. For our part, we can offer you a couple of options that will satisfy such conditions. Take a look at them below.

In the first case, a design is implemented using a thread, a cable. In the second, a rigid construction, when the magnets are mounted on a rod floating on a float. There is no special meaning to describe the elements of each of the structures; here, in principle, everything is very clear anyway.

Connecting the pump according to the operation scheme depending on the water level in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that this circuit is very simple, does not require adjustment, and almost anyone can repeat it, even without experience with electronics. Secondly, the circuit is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its circuits are open. This means that consumption will be limited only by current losses in the power supply, no more.

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Scope of water level sensors

Advanced summer cottages and farms engaged in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables use irrigation systems like drip irrigation in their work. To ensure automatic operation of watering equipment, the design requires a large capacity for collecting and storing water. Its filling is usually done by submersible water pumps in the well, while it is necessary to monitor the level of water pressure for the pump and its amount in the catchment tank. In this case, it is necessary to control the operation of the pump, that is, turn it on when a certain water level in the storage tank is reached and turn it off when the water tank is full. These functions can be implemented using float sensors.

Rice. 1 The principle of operation of the float level sensor (PDU)

Big storage tank for water may also be required for water supply at home, if the flow rate of the water intake tank is very small or the performance of the pump itself cannot provide water consumption corresponding to the required level. In this case, liquid level control devices for automatic operation of the water supply system are also needed.
The liquid level control system can also be used when working with devices that do not have dry-running protection. well pump, water pressure sensor or float switch when pumping groundwater from basements and rooms with a level below the ground surface.

All water level sensors for pump control can be divided into two large groups: contact and non-contact. Non-contact methods are mainly used in industrial production and are divided into optical, magnetic, capacitive, ultrasonic, etc. kinds. Sensors are installed on the walls of water tanks or directly immersed in controlled liquids, electronic components are placed in a control cabinet.

Rice. 2 Types of level sensors

In everyday life, inexpensive float-type contact devices have found the greatest use, the tracking element of which is made on reed switches. Depending on the location in the water tank, such devices are divided into two groups.

Vertical. IN similar device reed switches are located in the vertical rod, and the float itself with an annular magnet moves along the tube and turns the reed switches on or off.

Horizontal. They are attached to the upper edge on the side of the tank wall, when the tank is filled, the float with a magnet rises on the articulated lever and approaches the reed switch. The device is triggered and switches the electric circuit placed in the control cabinet, it cuts off the power supply of the electric pump.

Rice. 3 Vertical and horizontal reed sensors

Reed switch device

The main actuating element of a reed switch is a reed switch. The device is a small glass container filled with an inert gas or evacuated. Gas or vacuum prevent the formation of sparks and oxidation of the contact group. Inside the flask there are closed contacts made of a ferromagnetic alloy of rectangular cross section (permalloy wire) with gold or silver plating. When it enters the magnetic flux, the contacts of the reed switch are magnetized and repel each other - the circuit opens, through which the electric current flows.

Rice. 4 Appearance reed switches

The most common types of reed switches act on the circuit, that is, when magnetized, their contacts are connected to each other and electrical circuit closes. Reed switches can have two outputs for closing or opening a circuit, or three if they work with switching circuits of electric current. The low-voltage circuit that switches the power supply to the pump is usually placed in a control cabinet.

Wiring diagram for reed water level sensor

Reed switches are low power devices and are unable to switch high currents, so they cannot be used directly to turn the pump off and on. Usually they are involved in a low-voltage switching circuit for the operation of a powerful pump relay placed in a control cabinet.

Rice. 5 Electrical circuit for controlling the electric pump using a reed float sensor

The figure shows the simplest circuit with a sensor that implements control drainage pump depending on the water level during pumping, consisting of two reed switches SV1 and SV2.

When the liquid reaches the upper level, the magnet with the float turns on the upper reed switch SV1 and voltage is applied to the relay coil P1. Its contacts are closed, a parallel connection to the reed switch occurs and the relay is self-locking.

The self-locking function does not make it possible to turn off the power of the relay coil when the contacts of the enabling button are opened (in our case, this is the SV1 reed switch). This happens if the relay load and its coil are connected in the same circuit.

Voltage is supplied to the coil of a powerful relay in the power supply circuit of the pump, its contacts close and the electric pump starts to work. When the water level drops and reaches the float with the magnet of the lower reed switch SV2, it turns on and a positive potential is also applied to the relay coil P1 on the other side, the current stops flowing and the relay P1 turns off. This causes a lack of current in the coil of the power relay P2 and, as a result, the supply voltage to the electric pump is interrupted.

Rice. 6 Float vertical water level sensors

A similar pump control circuit placed in a control cabinet can be used to monitor the level in a liquid tank if the reed switches are reversed, that is, SV2 will be at the top and turn off the pump, and SV1 at the bottom of the water tank will turn it on.

Level sensors can be used in everyday life to automate the process when filling large containers with water using electric water pumps. The most simple to install and operate are reed switches produced by the industry in the form of vertical floats on rods and horizontal structures.

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Pump control in automatic and manual mode, using the NJYW1-NL1 and NJYW1-NL2 water level control relays from CHINT Electrics

Hello dear friends!

Today, let's talk about a simple electrical circuit - Pump control in automatic andmanual mode, using the NJYW1 series relay to control the water level in the tank.

The other day I looked interesting video about how you can control the deep pump in automatic mode and at the same time not overpay for the electrical panel itself. I immediately wanted to draw a couple of diagrams using relay NJYW1 from company CHINT Electrics.

Maybe, I am the first to present to you the finalized, fundamental electrical circuits pump control by level, using such a relay. Because on the Internet, except for a practical video review, I did not find anything.

Relay NJYW1 very easy to use and does not require any additional settings. There is only one changeover contact, which, depending on the configured electrodes in the tank, turns on or off the water supply or pumping pump.

Many suburban areas, due to their geographical location, are not provided with central water supply. And often, summer residents are forced to dig their own wells and wells to provide themselves with drinking water.

If you have such a site, remember how many times a day you have to run for water!

Control scheme for filling water into a storage tank

The given example of an electrical circuit can be used to connect deep pump on suburban area, for filling containers with drinking water or water for own needs.

As soon as the water level reaches the minimum mark in the tank, the relay KL1 M1 and does not turn off the pump until the water level in the tank reaches the maximum value.

An example of a scheme from a passport

As for pumping water from the tank, you can apply the same relay NJYW1, by slightly changing the electrical circuit, after the control contact KL1. Switching just one wire №8 from terminal Tb on the terminal Ta on the executive contact - relay KL1.

Control circuit for pumping water from a storage tank

The pumping of water in the tank starts when the upper level is reached, and the pump stops at the lower level. Thus, preventing overflow from the tank.

When the maximum water level in the tank is reached, the relay KL1 gives a signal to turn on the pump M1 and turns it off only if the level reaches the minimum mark.

This mode of operation is most suitable for pumping groundwater from basements.

An example of a scheme from a passport

As you can see, this is a relay that can be used to different cases, both for supplying water and for pumping it out of the tank.

I slightly modified both electrical circuit diagrams from the manufacturer's passport and added to the automatic mode, also manual switching on and off of the pump.

The presence of running and drinking water is the most important component of comfortable living and recreation outside the city. In a situation where central water supply is not available, the only right decision is to drill a well or well and then install an automatic submersible pump. The uninterrupted operation of the unit depends on the control system, which is assembled according to different schemes.

Submersible pump control - the feasibility of automation

To equip a country house with a fully functional water supply system, it is necessary to automate the process of filling consumable containers. The pump control must be reliable in operation and simple in design.

Automation of the pumping station allows you to achieve uninterrupted and reliable water supply, reduce operating costs and labor costs, as well as reduce the volume of control tanks.

To organize automatic operation of the pump, in addition to standard general-purpose equipment (magnetic starters, contactors, intermediate relays and switches), special monitoring / control devices are also used. These elements include:

jet relays;
level and filling control relay;
electrode level switches;
capacitive type sensors;
various manometers;
float switch, etc.