Oil paints are pigments of various colors, ground to a powder, which are then applied to oil based mix into paint of the desired consistency and thickness. so called because these paints are based on linseed oil.

Due to the fact that oil has water-repellent properties, it is not possible to mix and dilute these paints like watercolors or acrylics with water. Special solvents based on oil, white spirit and pinene allow you to reduce the pigment concentration or mix different colors between themselves. The chosen thinner may also determine the preservation of the quality of the written work.

Types of thinners

For comfortable and quick work with oil paints, there are several types of thinners, different in composition.

Linseed oil

Flaxseed oil is widely used for painting, as it has almost no odor and is completely safe for health. The paints mix well, maintaining brightness and thickness, and dry quite quickly - in about a week, if there is no dampness in the room. Flaxseed oil is consumed more slowly than other thinners, so it is economical option. The disadvantage of this solvent is the absence of varnish in the composition - this gives a matte, without shine, surface of the paint layer after drying and less resistance to destruction over time.

Artistic varnish

Artist's varnish gives paints bright colors, durability of layers and enamel shine. Works painted on varnish dry quickly, but the strokes lose their texture and get decorative look, so this method is usually used for writing thumbnails. There are also special varnishes for glazing - they quickly fix a layer of paint, allowing you to apply another one on top of it. Exist different kinds varnishes: mastic, dammar, fir.

Thinner "Double"

Thinner "Double" is based on linseed oil, but a small proportion of painting varnish (for example, cedar or fir) is added. This thinner makes the paint thicker, it mixes better, and the drying speed of the layers increases. Also, after final drying, a more durable paint layer is obtained that retains its picturesque qualities for a long time. Colors remain bright and deep, and the surface of brush strokes reflects light evenly, better preserving the characteristic shine of oil paint.

White Spirit

White spirit is a common solvent for most various colors, it can be found not only in fiction, but also in any hardware store. White spirit is also great for washing brushes and palettes, removing dried paint, and degreasing canvas. It effectively dilutes the paint and evaporates quickly, the paint layer is thin and dries quickly, but at the same time, white spirit affects oil paints, disrupting their composition and binding qualities. Therefore, the disadvantage of this solvent is the fragility of the resulting paint layer and the dullness of the surface. In addition, white spirit can have a pungent odor, which causes discomfort during long-term use.

An excellent option is Lakka Bensini from Tikkurila. Affordable and with minimal odor.

Pinen

This thinner is made on the basis of turpentine, but unlike it, it is transparent, odorless and does not cause yellowing of paints. Pinene dilutes paints very well, it is convenient to mix colors on it, the paint layer is transparent, of slight thickness and dries quickly, allowing you to apply new strokes on top without the danger of mixing. This is very convenient if the picture must be painted in a limited time, but if you use only pinene when working, the paint surface will become dull when dry and will not be durable enough.

Thinner "Tee"

Contains a combination of three components - oil, varnish and thinner. The oil gives the strokes a thick consistency and helps the paint mix evenly; the thinner (most often pinene) increases the drying speed of the paint layers and finished work, varnish contributes to the durability of paints and helps maintain the shine and richness of colors. Of all the thinners, “Tee” is used most often and is perhaps the most optimal choice for efficient and fast work with oil paints.

Conclusion

Very often in oil painting various combinations of thinners and varnishes are used - this largely depends on the task that needs to be solved and the amount of time to work. For example, the first layer of paint is usually mixed with varnish - this gives it strength and better connection with canvas primer. Subsequent layers can be painted with a large amount of thinner so that drying does not take much time.

All types of solvents, except natural oils, are moderately toxic and pose some health hazard. Therefore, during work it is necessary to take breaks and regularly ventilate the room. It is also better to choose odorless thinners for painting. Thinners should be stored in a cool, dark place, and be sure to keep the lids tightly closed.

In painting and also in construction important role plays thinner for oil paints. Suitable for watercolor or gouache plain water. Some paints do not need to be diluted at all. But oil enamels require additional special compositions. They have different properties and functions.

Why do you need solvents for oil paints?

Artists now have a special water-soluble oil paint, but it is not suitable for construction. Why do you need to dilute ready-made formulations? Oil paint is based on a pigment that is mixed with drying oil. If the enamel is not used for a long time, then the harder particles settle and a layer of oil remains on top.

The jar must be shaken thoroughly before use. Sometimes it is necessary to make the paint more liquid or to blur the thickened one. In this case, solvents are used. But you need to take into account the fact that the compositions of oily enamels are different. Each one uses a certain type of drying oil, which acts as a solvent.

Selection of solvents

Paints are divided into two types, used indoors and for external works. This separation occurs because some formulations have a strong odor due to toxicity. There are several types of drying oil:

1. Natural – made from soybean, linseed or hemp oil. This drying oil is marked MA-021. Oily enamels based on it are suitable for painting doors, windows and other internal parts premises, excluding the ceiling, floor. Application to these surfaces disrupts the air exchange in the room and prevents the passage of moisture.
2. Composite (or combined) drying oil - made by mixing oil with a solvent. Designated MA-025. The finished mixture can be diluted with gasoline, turpentine, and white spirit. This enamel has a strong odor, and its fumes are harmful to health. Not suitable for indoor use.
3. Artificial drying oil replaces natural drying oil and is designated GF-023.
4. Pentaphthalic consists of real oils with the addition of drier, glycerin and phthalic anhydride. This drying oil is designated PF-024.

In order to properly dilute oily enamels, you need to familiarize yourself with their composition, and then select the appropriate solution that matches the type of drying oil. On packages of paints it is always written which solvents are suitable for this product.

Varieties

Thinners for oily enamels are chemical substances, which supplement the compositions to achieve a more liquid consistency. The three main solvents are:

• White Spirit;
• solvent 647;
• turpentine.

White spirit is universal thinner. It is used more often than other means. Moreover, now this diluent is made odorless. The cost of white spirit is low, so it is accessible even to the common man. When used, the consumption of oil paint is greatly reduced, but this does not affect the quality of the coating.

Solvent 647 is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. This product is flammable. Indoors it is used as a dilution for alkyd and pentaphthalic paints. Thinner 647 can be used on varnishes and putties. At the same time, the product can be used as a primer.

Turpentine has long been used as a dilution. This is a product that is obtained after processing resin, wood, and other materials. Turpentine is a specific essential oil with very difficult chemical composition. There are three main types: woody, stump and turpentine.

Two more agents are used as diluents. Kerosene works well to restore old dried paints. But in this case, more turpentine must be added. Drying takes a long time - ten days. After diluting the paint with gasoline, the resulting composition will give a matte finish.

Proper Use

Before diluting oil paints, you must read the instructions. All solvents are volatile, so they should not be kept near fire, switches, or switches. Due to the explosive nature of thinners, do not smoke during use or during mixing. At low temperatures, enamel dissolving agents may freeze.

Some have a rather unpleasant pungent odor. Therefore, oil enamel should be diluted only in ventilated areas or in the fresh air (if it is not cold). Otherwise, you can easily get poisoned by toxic fumes.

All thinners are strong chemicals. If they come into contact with open skin or mucous membranes, these areas should be immediately rinsed thoroughly with clean water. cold water. Even clothing can be damaged by some solvents.

When diluting oil enamels, you need to be very careful with the proportions. Incorrectly selected parts can simply ruin the mixture. The correct proportions are always indicated relative to each solvent. They are sold already with instructions for use.

Solvents are used not only for thinning thickened paints. Turpentine, white spirit and others are also used for fresh compositions. Solvents not only thin the mixtures, but also degrease them at the same time. A good primer is prepared using thinning agents.

Oil enamels They are very popular because they are very beautiful, affordable and protect the surface well from moisture, rotting, and corrosion. Even if the composition thickens greatly, you can always use thinners.

If for watercolor, gouache and acrylic paints For dilution purposes, water is suitable, but with oil paint everything is much more complicated. A special solvent is used for it, which has different composition and functions. The artist store has a large selection of such goods. But how to choose the right solvent or thinner for such paints? Let's try to figure it out.

For creative works, master painters use oil paints, the main advantages of which are:

• thick structure;
• wide color gamut;
• ease of mixing;
• It is easy to correct mistakes made during work.

When diluted, oil paints are an excellent material for painters. They wrote many immortal works of art at all times. But such compositions dry out quickly, so they need to be diluted. Painting solvents make paints thinner, making it easier for the artist. Compositions for painting are odorless and therefore absolutely safe.

How to dilute oil paints? You can dilute them with a solvent containing white spirit. But for coloring pigments, oil is a binding component. Therefore, professional artists recommend diluting oil paints with a special thinner, which consists of vegetable oils.

The drying time of the applied image depends on the amount of oil in the paint. You should not add a lot of thinner to the paint, since the oils do not evaporate when drying. The ideal component for diluting paint is poppy seed oil.

Main types of thinners

There are four groups of oil paint thinners that paint brush artists use in their work:

• on vegetable oil;
• on varnish;
• “double” and “tee”;
• diluent - pinene.

Every artist knows how to thin oil paints. In addition, he knows very well how to dilute oil paint. The thinner contains turpentine, white spirit and pinene. It is sold under different numbers depending on the composition.

Oil

One of the usual types of thinners, which have been used for painting for quite a long time, is vegetable oil. Hence the name oil art paints. Oil is produced from flax, sunflower, hemp and poppy seeds.

Varnish

The solvent for oil-based paints is also varnish, which uses diluted resin. Thanks to the use of varnish, the paint structure becomes denser and adheres to the canvas much stronger. Such varnishes are added to solvents for artistic oil paints.

Double and tee

In painting, a double-solvent is a thinner that includes two components: varnish and oil. Moreover, these two components are mixed in certain proportions, or more precisely - 1 part varnish + 2-3 natural oils.

“Tee” is a composition in which, in addition to the main two components, the third component is a diluent.

Pinen

Thinner No. 4 for oil paints has another name - pinene. It is used to dissolve and dilute compounds. Such solutions are easily applied to the drawing.

Brush masters choose what to dilute their paints with, depending on the task they have set for themselves. Oil paintings amaze the imagination of visitors to museums in all countries, which house masterpieces of great artists of all times and peoples.

On the video: details about thinners for oil paints.

How to properly thin paint

As solvents used by artists, it is better to use vegetable or linseed oil. As a rule, diluted paints change from a bright color to a duller one, but after drying the original shade returns.

You need to dilute the compositions carefully; excess solvent can make them loose, depriving them of natural properties. To the question whether it is possible to achieve a softer effect by dissolving the paint, there is a clear answer - yes. You just need to dilute it slowly and test it on a test canvas. If you overdo it with solvent, the paint will not adhere well to the canvas.

With the correct ratio of composition and solvent, the paint is firmly fixed to the canvas.

Oil solvents are created for paints used in artistic creation. You need to choose a solvent for oil paint that is odorless. For example, it could be a mixture of turpentine and white spirit in equal proportions.

Additional Information

Binders are an essential component in the production of oil paints. These include oils that, when dry, form protective film on the surface of the painting. Thanks to her, the paintings of great creators are preserved for centuries.

Thinners for oil paints are used to reduce the viscosity of paints during operation. Terpenes and white spirit are also used for painting.

Those who wish to draw must select the correct pigment number, find good solvent, choose quality brushes and treat them with care. Samples of foreign-made solvents are presented on the sales market. This gives the consumer the opportunity wide choice materials for diluting oil paints.

Oil paint dries on the brush, so it needs to be washed thoroughly when finished. Do not leave brushes in paint. It is important to dry a clean brush to prevent mixing of paints. Also, do not let the paint dry on your hands.

When using oil paints, you must follow the drawing sequence, the rules for using paints and caring for brushes. Paints must be properly prepared using the correct solvents.

Various products (24 photos)

It will be no secret that oil paints are the most popular type of paint among artists. Many of them consider oil paints to be the most perfect and worthy means of displaying the beautiful world around them.

We bring to your attention a review article about the composition of paints, their advantages and dilution methods.

Composition of artistic oil paints

As a rule, oil paints are applied to the canvas in a diluted form. For this purpose, special diluents are used, in particular linseed oil or turpentine. This product is added to the paint using a brush or palette knife.

Oil paints consist of coloring pigments and oil, which is a binding component.

The pigment adds color to the paint and serves as a thickener. This substance is an ordinary powder, so it cannot be applied to canvas without additional element. In order for the paint to acquire the desired consistency, vegetable oil (traditionally, linseed) is mixed with the pigment.

How do you dilute oil paints?

On initial stage It is recommended to use a thinner to thin the paint. Often it consists of identical parts linseed oil and turpentine. The resulting mixture allows the paint to dry quickly enough. Thanks to its use, no layers of paint will crack.

Thinner for oil paints

Flax oil is both integral part oil paints and thinner. Due to exposure to air, it oxidizes, allowing the paint to dry. By adding linseed oil, you can achieve an effect in which layers of paint become more shiny and transparent.

Due to the fact that oil paint dries rather slowly, artists achieve the desired color transition.

The amount of oil contained in the paint determines how quickly it can dry. During drying, linseed oil does not evaporate, so it must be added in moderation.

Turpentine is also capable of diluting oil paints, but has a slightly different effect on them. During the drying process, it evaporates, so the layer of dried paint cracks. This substance is used to make paints dry faster. In addition, due to dilution with turpentine, oil paint looks matte.

When to add solvent

Before applying paint to the surface of the canvas, oil paints must be brought to a certain consistency. If you dilute the paint more, it will be more transparent, and the pattern and texture of the canvas will become clearly visible.

The ability to apply light transparent strokes is distinctive feature oil painting.

How to properly dilute paints

Thinning paints with a brush is very easy: dip a clean brush into the solvent, and then transfer it to the paint on the palette. Mix the paint and thinner using a circular, uniform motion until a homogeneous consistency is formed. This action is repeated until the required paint density is achieved.

To thin the paints using a palette knife, you need to do the following: dip the tip of the palette knife into the thinner, and then mix it with a certain color paints on the palette. As a result, the blade will slide like a flat ball across the canvas. If the paints spread, they need to be collected with the edge of a palette knife and mixed until the consistency is sufficiently viscous and homogeneous.

Application of oilers

As a rule, oilers are combined with a thinner. These devices come in both single and double versions. Typically, a mixture of turpentine and linseed oil is poured into the first type of oiler. The second type is used for mixtures and pure turpentine. Both types of thinners make it possible to achieve interesting effects in oil painting. Thanks to a special clamp, the oilers are attached to the palette.

Using turpentine

You can also dilute oil paints with turpentine, but it is still not recommended for this purpose. This product is great for cleaning paint from brushes, palettes and palette knives. It must be remembered that after drying, oil paint becomes very durable, so you should not allow the tools to remain in the paint after finishing the work. To do this, you need to remove all paint residues from your brushes, palette and palette knife.

Pbenefits of oilssbeautifulOK:

• Dense and pure colors. These paints are easily mixed, so you can get almost any desired shade and color, no matter whether it is dark or light, bright or muted.
• Unlike acrylic paint, oil paint remains wet on the canvas for a long time. This allows you to mix the desired colors directly on the painting.
• These paints can be applied directly on top of each other in multiple layers. At the same time, the colors do not become cloudy, as happens with watercolors.
• No less important feature oil paints is that when working with them you can very easily correct mistakes. This type of paint can be easily removed from the surface of the canvas using different instruments. For these purposes, you can use a palette knife, spatula or a regular cloth. If the layer of oil paints has already dried, you can apply a new layer on top of it.

Oil paints are paint and varnish compositions and are a suspension of inorganic pigments (suspension) in drying oils or vegetable oil. Oil and drying oil act as a binder. The need to use a solvent for oil paints arises when using paste paints to achieve the desired consistency of the material. Solvents are also used to thin hardened paint left in an unsealed container. The choice of solvent depends on the purpose of the paint.

There are paste-like (thickly grated) and liquid oil paints that are ready for use. To produce paste paints, pigments are first prepared into a paste and then ground. For use in work, a thinner for oil paints is added to the paste composition. Components liquid paints mixed in ball mills.

Oil paints are used in industry (mainly in construction) and in artistic painting.

Construction

Construction oil paints are intended for interior and exterior use. Used for painting wooden and concrete structures, as well as metal. They form a layer on the surface that is resistant to moisture. Among the advantages it should be noted simple technology application and affordable cost.

The marking of construction oil paint indicates what type of drying oil is used as a binder in the suspension:

• MA – natural or combined;
• GF – on glyphthalic;
• PF - on pentaphthalic.

Artistic

Artistic oil paints are made from coloring pigments and natural oils ( classic version– linen). Pigments can be natural or synthetic. Paints with natural pigments are called “earth” due to the use of natural minerals in the composition. Modern synthetic paints have a more durable and rich color compared to “earth” paints.

Solvents for construction paints

Can be used as a solvent for oil paints different materials. GOST requires that the type and proportions of the solvent used, as well as the material consumption per 1 m², be indicated on the paint packaging.

Drying oil, which is part of oil paint, is considered a universal thinner. However, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account the correspondence of the thinner to the drying oil that is already included in the paint. This information is indicated on the material labeling.

Note: the number 2 in the marking indicates the use of the same brand of drying oil for dilution as used in production.

Natural drying oil is produced on the basis of vegetable oil, the share of which can reach 97%. Dryers are used as an additive to speed up the drying process. Paint based on natural drying oil (marking MA-021) can be used for interior work.

An alternative natural drying oil Artificial glyphthalic, which is labeled GF-023, can serve.

The composition of pentaphthalic drying oil marked PF-024 includes natural oils, drier, glycerin and phthalic anhydride. Used as a thinner for oil paints for indoor and outdoor use.

Composite drying oil contains toxic elements and cannot be used for indoor use. Marking MA-025.

Turpentine is a mixture of terpene hydrocarbons and terpene alcohols. There are several types of turpentine; dry distillation (wood) and gum turpentine are used as a solvent for oil paints.

Dry distillation is obtained by distilling, dry or steam, pieces of wood with high content resin Resin is made by heating natural resin with steam.

Turpentine is a fast-drying thinner; however, due to its specific odor, work should be done in rooms where active ventilation is possible.

White Spirit

White spirit is obtained during the distillation of special types of oil. The amount of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons in the diluent is strictly limited. The manufacturing technology is quite complex, but the result is an effective, high-quality material without a pungent odor. During work, the evaporation of white spirit occurs relatively slowly, which allows painting to be done thoroughly and without haste.

Number solvent 647

Solvent 647 is an organic multicomponent mixture, which includes aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, and ethers. Due to its good physicochemical properties it can be used for different types works

Gasoline "Galosh"

Solvent gasoline "Galosha" with a high octane number does not contain additives. The composition may vary; during operation, the smell of gasoline is less noticeable. Produced from hydrocarbons by distillation at temperatures of 80-120°

Kerosene

It is recommended to use kerosene as a solvent only in the absence of other compounds. This is due to a specific odor that can cause headache and poisoning. Using kerosene increases the drying time of the painted surface. However this The best way dilute heavily thickened paint.

How to properly thin oil paint

The correct way to dilute thickened paint is as follows:

• open the jar, determine the thickness and mix thoroughly;
• select the required proportion of thinner depending on the composition used and the degree of paint thickening. It is usually recommended to limit the volume of solvent to 5% of the paint weight, however, applying a base coat or primer to the surface to be painted may require twice the volume of white spirit or drying oil;
• the solvent is poured in small portions and mixed well;
• the paint is then poured into a container for work and constantly monitored, adding solvent if necessary.

How to thin dried oil paint

Dried paint is diluted in the following way:

• completely remove the formed film from the surface;
• diluted with a mixture of kerosene and white spirit to the desired consistency;
• mix thoroughly and get to work.

Thinners for artistic oil paints

Artistic paints have a thick structure and require special thinners. These paints are used for painting or performing design work. They are easily diluted, but dry out quickly enough and the process must be repeated. It should also be taken into account that painting may require paints of different thicknesses, and they are applied to different surfaces, for example, canvas or wood. It is recommended to use solvents for oil art paints based on vegetable oils.

Important! Dilution of artistic paints must be done in proportions that are determined only on the basis of accumulated experience. You need to do several tests and achieve the desired result. It should also be remembered that thinners containing vegetable oil will take much longer to dry.

To dilute artistic paints, they usually use materials that are selected based on their preferences.

Oil

Artists often use various vegetable oils, for example, flaxseed, hemp, poppy, sunflower.

Pinen

This thinner is obtained by purifying gum turpentine from resinous substances. Thanks to this operation, pinene, also called "Thinner No. 4", does not turn yellow when used, but reduces the gloss of paints. This forces artists to use pinene quite carefully in their work.

Multicomponent mixtures

Multicomponent mixtures include double and tee. The double contains oil and varnish, the tee also contains pinene. Typically, experienced artists select the composition of multicomponent mixtures independently.

How can I replace a special solvent for oil paints?

Special solvents for artistic oil paints reduce the viscosity of the material during operation. White spirits and terpenes are sometimes also used for this purpose.

Conclusion

Affordable cost, durability, strength and performance characteristics, the ability to easily apply oil paint to almost any surface allow it to remain popular in the market paint and varnish materials. Paints protect surfaces well from moisture, rotting, corrosion, and have excellent decorative properties.

Our company "YASKHIM" - the Russian market leader in the production of solvents - offers favorable prices a wide range of compositions for working with oil paints.