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Presentation on the topic: “Garden flowers”
Prepared by Victoria Mirzayants, 4th grade student of progymnasium No. 2 in Volgograd, 2008.
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A little bit about yourself
Hello! My name is Vika. I am a 4th grade student at gymnasium No. 2. I really like to draw, dance and work on environmental issues. And that's why I chose this topic!
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We all love flowers, they decorate our lives, make it more colorful and bright. Every day hundreds of thousands of flowers are bought and given around the world. And all these flowers were carefully grown by someone to please those who received them.
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VIOLET, or VIOLA (VIOLA) family. Violet
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Viola is the old Roman name for violet, used by Virgil, Pliny and other authors of that era. Violet or otherwise viola is the favorite flower of various peoples. Pansies- Russians affectionately call violet. Violets are one of the oldest garden crops. Already about 2,400 years ago, the ancient Greeks and Romans wove violets into wreaths and garlands to decorate rooms during holidays and dinner parties. Annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants. The leaves are arranged in a regular order or collected in a basal rosette. The flowers are solitary, the lower petals are larger than the rest, with a spur or sac-like outgrowth at the base, the rest with marigolds, white, blue, yellow, red. The fruit is a capsule. In 1 g there are up to 800 seeds that remain viable for up to 2 years. The genus includes more than 450 species distributed throughout the globe.
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ANEMONE, or ANEMONE fam. Ranunculaceae
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The name comes from the Greek word "anemos" - wind. Flower petals of most species easily fall off in the wind. The genus includes about 150 species of herbaceous perennial plants, common in temperate zone Northern Hemisphere (several species grow in North Africa). Rhizomatous and tuberous perennials from 10 cm to 100 cm tall. Leaves are palmately dissected or divided. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered umbels. Stamens and pistils are numerous. The colors of the flowers are bright, white, pink, red, blue, indigo or yellow. They usually bloom in early spring, some species in summer, others in autumn. The fruit is a multi-nut with a short nose. Anemones interested flower growers back in the Middle Ages with their grace, tenderness, and responsiveness during cultivation. Most of them are in bloom in early spring, when after a long, dark winter a period of warmth and light begins, and people miss flowers.
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PERIVINO (VINCA) family. Kutrovye
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The ancient Latin name for this plant, "vinca" means to entwine. Like the fragrant violet, it is the first to bloom in the spring, but few people pay attention to it. According to legend, he complained about his fate to the goddess Flora, and she gave him flowers larger and a life longer than that of a violet, and gave the modest messenger of spring the name Pervinka (victorious). The unfading plant has long been attributed special magical powers. In Austria and Germany, periwinkle wreaths were used for fortune telling for marriage; hung above the windows, they protected the house from lightning strikes. Flowers collected between the Dormition and the Nativity of the Virgin Mary had the property of driving away all evil spirits: they were worn on oneself or hung over front door. In the Middle Ages, in court, periwinkle was used to check whether the accused had a connection with the devil. All these magical properties periwinkle owes its amazing vitality- it lives as long as there is at least a drop of water left in the vase, and if you take it out of the vase and stick it in the ground, it will quickly take root.
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HYACINTHUS fam. Hyacinthaceae
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Named after the beautiful mythological youth - Hyacinth. There are different views on the taxonomy of the genus. According to some researchers, it has up to 30 species, others consider it monotypic, i.e. with one view, but which has a large number of varieties and forms. Grows wildly in the Eastern Mediterranean countries and Central Asia. The hyacinth bulb, unlike the tulip, which grows a new replacement bulb every year, is perennial and should be handled very carefully. In the center of the bottom there is a renewal bud containing the rudiments of leaves and flowers. In 1543, bulbs from Asia Minor were brought to Northern Italy, to the then famous Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico) of Padua.
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DAHLIA (DAHLIA) fam. Compositae
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Named after the Finnish botanist Andreas Dahl, a student of Carl Linnaeus. Russian name given in honor of the St. Petersburg botanist, geographer and ethnographer I. Georgi. The genus unites, according to various sources, from 4 to 24 species, distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, and Colombia. Perennial plants with fleshy, tuberous-thickened roots. The above-ground part of the plants dies every year up to the root collar. Stems are straight, branched, smooth or rough, hollow, up to 250 cm tall. The leaves are pinnate, less often entire, 10-40 cm long, varying degrees of pubescence, green or purple, located opposite. Inflorescences are baskets. Marginal flowers are ligulate, large, different colors and shapes; the middle ones are tubular, golden-yellow or brown-red. The fruit is an achene. There are about 140 seeds in 1 g, which remain viable for up to 3 years. Dahlias have no scent, but there are botanical species that have a delicate, pleasant aroma.
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IRIS, or IRIS family. Irmaaceae
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The name was given by Hippocrates, "iris" translated from ancient Greek means rainbow. The variety and richness of colors of the flowers of these plants is rightfully compared to the most beautiful natural phenomenon. In Greek mythology, this was the name of the goddess who descended from Olympus to Earth to announce to people the will of the gods. According to legend, the first iris flower bloomed in ancient times in southeast Asia; everyone admired its beauty - animals, birds, waters, winds - and when its seeds ripened, they spread them all over the world. The Romans gave one of the cities the name Florence (Blooming) only because its surroundings were strewn with irises. Irises were revered in Arabia and Ancient Egypt, where they were bred back in the 15th-14th centuries BC. e.; In Japan, magical amulets were made from irises and oranges for boys, protecting against diseases and instilling courage. Irises have been cultivated for more than two thousand years; they are valued not only for the beauty and aroma of flowers, but also for the aroma of the root (extracts from it are used in the perfume industry, in the manufacture of wine, vodka and confectionery). The roots of the Djungarian iris are used for tanning leather, and ropes and mats are woven from the leaves.
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They say that there is no better gift than one made with your own hands. The same thing, to paraphrase somewhat, can be said about flowers. Imagine decorating your home with flowers that you grew yourself. Or give them to your closest people, to whom such a gift will be doubly dear and pleasant.
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CALENDULA family. Compositae
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The name of the genus comes from the Latin word “calendae” - the first day of each month and is explained by the fact that in its homeland it blooms almost all year, including on the first days of each month. Culendula is grown mainly as ornamental plant, but its bright, as if flaming, inflorescences contain substances that have effective healing properties for many diseases. Over the centuries, calendula has been used by such luminaries as the Roman physician Galen (there is still the term “galenic preparations” in medicine), Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the Armenian physician Amirovlad Amasiatsi (15th century) and the famous herbalist Nicholas Culpeper. Calendula was used not only as a medicine, but also as a vegetable. In the Middle Ages, it was added to soup, oatmeal was cooked with it, dumplings, puddings and wine were made. For a long time it was considered a “spice for the poor”: calendula was widely available and, replacing saffron, it perfectly tinted dishes yellow-orange, giving them a unique tart taste, which was greatly appreciated not only by the poor, but also by rich gourmets. Due to its benefits, calendula was very popular in European gardens. It was the favorite flower of the Queen of Navarre, Margaret of Valois. In the Luxembourg Gardens, in Paris, there is a statue of the Queen holding a marigold.
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CLEMATIS, or Clematis (CLEMATIS) family. Ranunculaceae
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The beginning of the cultivation of clematis in Western Europe dates back to the 16th century, and in Japan, the culture of clematis has an even longer history. In Russia, clematis appeared at the beginning of the 19th century as greenhouse plants. Active work on the cultivation and introduction of clematis in our country began to develop only in the middle of the 20th century. And as a result of selection work, beautiful varieties and forms have been created, which further emphasize the unique charm of these magnificent plants. All varieties are divided into groups: Zhakmana, Vititsella, Lanuginosa, Patens, Florida, Integrifolia - vigorous shrubs or shrub vines with large flowers various colors.
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BELL (CAMPANULA) family. Campanulaceae
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The name comes from the Latin word "campana" - bell, based on the shape of the rim. Since ancient times, people have loved this flower, as evidenced by the affectionate names that they gave it in different places: pichunitsa, bobbins, bells, chenille ... And according to popular belief, they call only once a year - on a magical night on the eve of Ivan Kupala. The genus includes about 300 species, distributed in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in Western Europe, the Caucasus and Western Asia. For the most part, these are perennial plants, tall, medium-sized and low-growing. Grow bells on personal plot It's not difficult at all. They are unpretentious, cold-resistant, resistant to diseases and pests. The variety of flower colors, shape and height of the bush, abundant and long-lasting flowering make it possible to widely use bells in urban landscaping and in the garden
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CROCUS, or SAFFRON (CROCUS) family. Iris
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The name comes from the Greek word "kroke" - thread. Saffron - from the Arabic "sepheran" - yellow, for the color of the pistil columns; in the east they are used as a natural food coloring. The genus includes about 80 species, distributed in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Mediterranean, Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central and Western Asia. About half of the species composition is widely used in floriculture. Currently, about 300 varieties of crocuses are represented in the International Register. All varieties and types are divided into 15 groups. They grow well in illuminated, sun-warmed areas. In the shade, the flowers do not open fully. During the period of vegetative dormancy, they need a dry environment. They usually do not suffer from spring and autumn frosts.
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COSMOS, or COSMOS (COSMOS) fam. Compositae
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The name comes from the Greek word "kosmeo" - decoration. Associated with the shape of the flower. Homeland - subtropical and tropical regions of America. About 20 species are known. Annual and perennial herbaceous plants, often tall. The leaves are arranged oppositely, doubly pinnately dissected into narrow, linear to filiform lobes. Inflorescences are multi-flowered baskets on bare peduncles, solitary or collected in loose, corymbose panicles. The marginal flowers are ligulate, large, purple, pink, dark red, white or golden yellow; middle - tubular, small, yellow. The fruit is a somewhat curved, grey, dark yellow or brown achene. In 1 g up to 250 seeds, the germination of which lasts 2-3 years. Those who like lush, intense flowering have appreciated cosmea for a very long time. Cosmeus is good to plant in the background of the border. The background formed by its finely dissected pinnate leaves and numerous inflorescences looks very informal.
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LINEN (LINUM) fam. Flax
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The name is from the ancient Greek name for this plant, "linon" - flax. The genus includes about 230 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-shrub plants, distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the globe, primarily the Mediterranean. The leaves are sessile, arranged in alternate order, less often opposite or in whorls, entire with or without stipules. The flowers are white, yellow, blue, pink, red, reddish-violet, in various inflorescences. The fruit is a round or ovoid capsule with flat, smooth seeds. Several species are used in ornamental gardening. From annual flax - Large-flowered flax (L. grandiflorum). Of the perennials - Austrian flax (L. austriacum), yellow flax (L. flavum), perennial flax (L. perenne), Taurian flax (L. tauricum), etc.
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DASY (BELLIS) fam. Compositae
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The genus name comes from the Greek word "bellus" - beautiful. The genus includes about 30 species growing in Transcaucasia, Crimea, Western Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa. Plants are perennial and annual, herbaceous with a rosette of spatulate or spatulate-obovate leaves at the base of long, leafless peduncles. Inflorescences are single graceful baskets 1-2 cm in diameter in wild species and up to 3-8 cm in garden forms. Reed flowers are located along the edge, of various colors, tubular flowers are small, in the center of the inflorescence. Blooms in April-May. The fruit is an achene. In 1 g up to 7500 seeds, which remain viable for 3-4 years. In decorative floriculture, 1 species is used - perennial daisy (B. perennis)
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NARCISSUS fam. Amaryllidaceae
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Scientific name- Narcissus Poeticus. Comes from the Greek word "narkao" - to stupefy, to stun, which is probably related to the bulbs, poisonous properties which have been known since ancient times, or may be associated with the intoxicating smell of flowers. The second word of the name - poeticus (poetic) is due to the fact that it was so sung by poets of all countries and centuries, like no other plant, except perhaps the rose. The narcissist plays a significant role in the Muslim tradition. Mohammed said about the flower: “Whoever has two loaves of bread, let him sell one to buy a narcissus flower, for bread is food for the body, and narcissus is food for the soul.” IN Ancient Greece the narcissist's perception was completely different. There his image acquired the symbolic meaning of a narcissistic person. Some types of daffodils contain essential oil, and the bulbs are alkaloids, so daffodils have long been widely used in perfumery and medicine.
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Flowers are amazing plants growing on our big planet in all corners of the globe. Thanks to flowers, our world is filled with natural colors.
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PORTULACA family. Purslane
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The name comes from the Latin word “portula” - collar and is associated with the nature of opening the seed pod. Our gardeners have this creeping plant with bright flowers called “rugs”. The genus contains about 100 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Low perennial and annual herbaceous plants with prostrate, succulent stems. The leaves are arranged in alternate order, fleshy, sometimes cylindrical, whole. The flowers are solitary or collected in bunches of 2-3, apical or axillary. The perianth is brightly colored. Blooms from May to October. The fruit is a single-locular, multi-seeded capsule. The seeds are numerous, round, rough, shiny. There are 10,000-13,000 seeds in 1 g that remain viable for up to 3 years. In cultivation, the most common is Purslane grandiflora (P. grandiflora Hook).
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SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS) fam. Compositae
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Sunflower is perhaps one of the most beloved plants in Russia. There are no vegetable gardens in the countryside where this giant does not show off among the parsley, carrots and beets. However, the birthplace of sunflowers, like corn, potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco, is America. This plant has not been found in the wild outside the New World. The name comes from a combination of two Greek words"helios" - sun and "anthos" - flower. This name was not given to it by chance. Huge sunflower inflorescences, bordered by bright radiant petals, really resemble the sun. In addition, this plant has the unique ability to turn its head after the sun, tracing its entire path from sunrise to sunset. Use for group plantings, mixborders, cutting. For tall hedges, tall varieties are planted in the background, and bushy, low-growing ones in the foreground. The “kids” will hide the lower “ankle” part of the giant stems. The “Teddy Bear” variety, which grows well in boxes and pots, is suitable for the balcony. In Europe, sunflower is also common as a cutting plant. You can even buy it on the street, not to mention in shops selling plants. "
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SCILLA, or SCILLA family. hyacinths
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The name comes from the ancient Greek "skilla" - from the name of "sea onion" (Urginea maritima), a plant that was previously classified in this genus. Description: the genus includes more than 80 species, distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia and South Africa. Low perennial bulbous plants that bloom very early. The leaves are linear, basal, appear simultaneously with the inflorescences or much earlier. Peduncles are leafless. The flowers are collected in apical racemes or solitary, bluish, purple, white, pink. Scilla are wonderful plants that are hard to imagine without. spring garden. Bright blue spots of scylla are like pieces of the spring sky that have fallen in a clearing or among bushes. They prefer shady places, but they also grow well in lighted ones. Frost-resistant. flowering woodlands are especially beautiful in combination with other herbaceous plants perennial plants, for example, with peonies and ferns, when their leaves have not yet had time to unfurl. Snowdrops and crocuses that bloom at the same time are often planted in front of groups of woodlands.
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ROSE, or Rosehip (ROSA) family. Rosaceae
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The name comes from the Old Persian "wrodon", which in Greek became "rhodon" and in Latin became "rosa". Wild roses, often called wild roses in Russian, grow naturally in the temperate and warm climates of the Northern Hemisphere. Systematically, the rose genus is one of the most complex in the family. It contains about 250 species, grouped into sections that differ in a number of morphological characters. These are easily cultivated plants, they are widely used in green construction, in particular, when creating soil protective plantings. Drought-resistant and undemanding to soil conditions. Rose hips, which gave rise to more than 200 thousand varieties of beautiful roses, have lived on Earth for almost 40 million years and a significant part of this time in friendship with humans. They brought a lot of good to people and how wonderful gift- a beautiful and fragrant, noble rose. However, wild roses are not inferior in beauty and aroma to many cultivated ones. garden varieties. They are worthy of the widest use in landscaping our cities.
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RUDBECKIA family. Compositae
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It is named after the Swedish botanist and teacher of Carl Linnaeus - Olaf Rudbeck. (Olaf Rudbeck (1630-1702) - professor, taught medicine and botany at Uppsala University. His interests included: botany, zoology, medicine, astronomy, mathematics, mechanics, chemistry, etc. He was the mentor and friend of the young Carl Linnaeus. Famous as the discoverer of the human lymphatic system in 1653. Great-great-great-grandfather of Alfred Nobel). Such bright plants could not help but attract the attention of white settlers in North America. And now “Black-eyed-Susan”, as the Americans called it because of the dark centers of the inflorescences, flaunts in the front gardens of the first settlements, and its seeds are sent to Europe. The bright sunny inflorescences of rudbeckia are loved in many countries, where they are given affectionate folk names. So, the Germans call it “Sun Cap”, because in their minds the inflorescence-baskets resemble a straw hat.
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TULIPA fam. lily
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The name comes from the Persian word meaning turban, turban and is given for the shape of the flower. The genus includes about 140 species of herbaceous perennial bulbous plants that grow in Asia, Europe, and Africa. The brightness of colors, grace of form and ease of cultivation have made the tulip one of the most beloved garden flowers. In terms of landscaping gardens and parks, the tulip is a universal plant, the scope of its use is very wide: tulips are planted in flower beds and borders, under trees and on Alpine rollercoaster, decorate balconies with them and plant them in flowerpots on the streets. A wide variety of modern varieties can satisfy the most demanding tastes of flower growers.
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LILY (LILIUM) fam. lily
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The Latin name, borrowed from the ancient Celtic language, translates as whiteness. The genus contains about 100 species native to Europe, Asia and North America. Perennial herbaceous, bulbous plants. Bulbs ovoid or rounded, 2-20 cm in diameter, stems erect, densely leafy, green, dark purple or with dark brown strokes, 30-250 cm high, 0.3-3 cm thick. Flowers solitary or collected in 2-40 in pyramidal or umbellate inflorescences. Color white, red, orange, pink, lilac or yellow, for the most part with specks, stripes or spots on inside tepals. Spectacular in any planting, especially in combination with phlox, peonies, delphiniums, cannes, gladioli, roses. Cut ones last for a long time in water.
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ENOTHERA, or NIGHT CANDLE, (OENOTHERA) fam. Fireweeds
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The name comes from the Greek words "oinos" - wine, "ther" - wild beast. In the old days, it was believed that wild animals, after sniffing a plant sprinkled with wine infused with aspen root, became tame. The genus includes 80 species, distributed mainly in America and Europe. Annual, biennial and perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plants with a height of 30 to 120 cm. The stems are straight, sometimes creeping, and rigidly pubescent. The leaves are simple, oval-lanceolate, toothed or pinnately dissected, arranged in alternate order. The flowers are large, often fragrant, purple, yellow, white, pinkish. Open in the evening and at night, during the day - only in cloudy weather. They bloom from June to September. The fruit is a multi-seeded capsule. There are about 3000 seeds in 1 g. In culture they are grown mainly as biennials. Evening primrose can be used as a plant for rock gardens or a spectacular flower garden fragment. Almost throughout the entire second half of summer, you will constantly strive to meet this flower - a symbol of the end of the working day and the onset of rest and silence.
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Flowers can lift your spirits, calm you down and evoke the most positive emotions. Flowers are a pleasure to give and receive as a gift. By decorating your interior and surrounding yourself with flower plants, you will surround your life with good mood and get rid of the dullness of everyday colors.
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Thank you all for your attention!
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The work was performed by I.V. Tselikova. biology teacher of the Nikolo-Kormsk secondary school, Rybinsk district, Yaroslavl region, 2013 lesson topic: Flower and its structure
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Fill in the diagram Plant organs vegetative generative root shoot flower fruit seed stem leaf bud
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Flower and its structure “To live, you need sun, freedom and small flower» Hans Christian Andersen
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A flower is a modified shortened shoot used for seed propagation of plants. A flower develops from a generative (flower) bud. Pollination, fertilization, embryo development and the formation of fruits and seeds occur in it.
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The stamen is the male part of the flower. Stamens consist of a long, thin filament and a large anther, inside which pollen develops. The number of stamens may vary. For example: a cherry flower has many stamens, but a tulip has only six.
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Pistil - located at the very top of the receptacle (one or more) and is the female part of the flower. It usually consists of a stigma, style and ovary. But there are exceptions - for example, a tulip does not have a column in its pistil. The stigma is usually sticky, rough or even branched. It serves to attach pollen. The style raises the stigma. The lowest, swollen part of the pistil is the ovary. It contains ovules. To
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Perianth Corolla is a collection of petals. They perform the function of attracting pollinators and also play a role in protecting the developing flower. The calyx is the collection of sepals of a flower. The green color of the sepals indicates that they, like simple leaves, are capable of photosynthesis, and the presence of mechanical tissues tells us that the sepals play a protective role, protecting the delicate parts of the flower inside the bud. In many plants, the sepals fall off during flowering time,
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Double (complex) perianth consists of sepals and petals, such as those of a rose, peony, or apple tree. The sepals are located outside and, unlike the petals, as a rule, have a dense structure and are colored green color. Simple, all its parts are structured almost identically, and therefore in this case they are not usually called either sepals or petals, but only tepals of a simple perianth. However, these leaves are not the same in different plants. Naked flowers have no perianth. Most often they are wind pollinated and do not need to attract pollinating insects.
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Plants Monoecious are plants that have staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant. Dioecious are plants that have staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants.
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The right flowers- if several planes of symmetry can be drawn through the tepals. Irregular flowers are flowers through which one plane of symmetry can be drawn.
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Flower formula H - calyx, L - petals, T - stamen, P - pistil, O - simple perianth - not the right flower, * - regular flower, ♀ - pistillate (female) flowers, ♂ - staminate (male) flowers, - bisexual flowers () - fused parts of the flower, Numbers - number of flower parts
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Flower diagram: 1 - inflorescence axis, 2 - bract, 3 - sepal, 4 - petal, 5 - stamen, 6 - gynoecium, 7 - covering leaf.
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An inflorescence is a group of flowers located close to each other in a certain order
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Inflorescences Complex spike Complex umbel Scutellum Spadix Head Umbrella Basket Spike Hand brush simple complex
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Red summer has come, Flowers are growing in the fields, Children are bringing berries and mushrooms home from the forest.
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Rose. Rose is one of the oldest and most magnificent flowers known since ancient times. The ancient Greeks and Romans admired the rose, and medieval minstrels sang its beauty. The monks grew it in monastery gardens and tried to develop new varieties. For many centuries, the rose has been a symbol of beauty; it was with this flower that the beauty of a woman was compared. Grow and select the most best views roses began in the Ancient East, in China, India, Asia Minor. But the actual breeding work on breeding rose hybrids began widely in European countries only in the 18th century.
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Tulip The flower got its name from the Persian word “turban”. Indeed, in shape it resembles a kind of headdress. His homeland is Türkiye. The quality of wild species has been significantly improved here. In 1558, plants were brought to Austria, and then to Germany and England. At the beginning of the 17th century, they spread to Holland, where the passion for this flower assumed extraordinary proportions.
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Chamomile Little sun or the queen of meadows and fields - this is the name of the ancestor of the chrysanthemum - chamomile. This is such an unusual and significant plant that, perhaps, there is no person on Earth who does not know what chamomile is. The history of the name “chamomile” suggests that this flower was previously called “romana grass”, and “romana”, translated from Polish language, means "Roman". This is how the name “chamomile” came into use in Russian.
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Cornflower If poppy decorates the grain fields of our south, then their beauty in the north is cornflower. Lovely blue, like the southern sky, this flower serves as a necessary accessory and faithful companion of the rye field and is almost never found in the wild anywhere else; and even if it were found, it could serve as a sure indication that where it now grows there was once a grain field or a road that led to it.
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Iris Snow-white and almost black, these flowers have absorbed all the colors of the rainbow. Translated from Latin, Iris means rainbow. And it is not surprising that the flower received such a name: the petals, or rather, the perianth lobes, are arranged in such a way that every detail is open to view. And in the rays sunlight and under bright electric lighting, the iris flower seems to shine from within, emitting a glow.
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Narcissus These are herbs equipped with dense bulbs and ribbon-shaped leaves of varying widths. Flowers sit on the tops of leafless stems, covered with a filmy sheath, one or several at a time. The perianth is petal-shaped, in the shape of a tubular funnel, turning at the top into a horizontally straightened or bent downward limb, consisting of 6 equal parts. In the vent there is a crown in the form of a bell or a more or less deep saucer. The ovules sit in several rows in each nest, attaching to internal corners. The fruit is a three-lobed capsule, bursting along the valves into 3 parts. There are several or many seeds, they are spherical and contain protein.
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Marigolds come from America, where they grow wild from New Mexico and Arizona to Argentina. More than 30 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, strong, forming compact or spreading bushes from 20 to 120 cm in height, with a pungent, peculiar odor. The marginal flowers are ligulate, with wide, horizontally spaced corollas; the middle ones are tubular. They bloom profusely from June until frost.
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coltsfoot 1. Both the dear mother and the evil stepmother, Live side by side - through the wall 2. On the slope in the meadow, Barefoot in the snow The first flowers are Yellow little eyes. Bright yellow flower unprepossessing: There is a cold surface on top of the leaves. Below is a gentle velvety layer, as if it would touch a mother warmly. Coltsfoot flowers are very similar to dandelion flowers. They are just as yellow. Dandelion leaves grow first, and only then flowers appear. But with coltsfoot it’s the other way around. She can sometimes meet spring under the snow. You dig up a snowdrift, and underneath it a yellow peephole peeks out.
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Forget-me-not Forget-me-not is the smallest flower, but how many poems have poets written about it, how many legends and folk tales! Here's one of them. One day, the goddess of flowers, Flora, descended to earth and began to bestow names on flowers. She gave everyone gifts and wanted to leave, but heard a weak voice: “You forgot me, Flora, please give me a name.” Flora barely saw a small flower among the forbs. “Okay,” said Flora, “here’s your name. And I will also give you a miraculous power: you will restore the memory of those people who begin to forget their loved ones or their homeland.”
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dandelion Dandelion is herbaceous plant with bitter milky juice. It feels before dawn what the coming day will be like. If it’s gloomy and rainy, then the flower – the sun – will never open. And if the weather promises to be good, the dandelion flowers will open by 6 o'clock in the morning. People say: “A golden eye looks at the sun. In nature, you can find dandelion everywhere, and in gardens it is a frequent uninvited guest. Due to the ease of wind dispersal of its seeds, equipped with a fluffy flying crest, the dandelion quickly conquers territory both nearby and far around mother plant. Active reproduction, adaptability to any soil and unpretentiousness, which is so valued by cultivated plants, have given the dandelion a bad name - it is considered a malicious weed...
