Mildew or downy mildew is the most dangerous and widespread fungal disease of grapes, which became known at the end of the 19th century. It was then that it was brought to France from North America, and it was then that there was a sharp decline in viticulture in all areas of Europe. From this it becomes quite clear that if you do not wage a stubborn and thorough struggle with it, then it will cause considerable damage to the crop and the grape bushes themselves on your suburban area. You can read about the causes of the disease, about preventive measures and treatment, as well as about the types of drugs used in the fight against mildew, in our article.

Description and causes of the disease: why mildew is dangerous on grapes and how it manifests itself

Video: soda, iodine and manganese from mildew

Rotten hay

A full bucket of rotten hay is stuffed, filled with water and infused for about 4-6 days in a warm place. During this time, a hay stick appears in the mixture, which, when sprayed, should “eat up” the mildew fungus, but first the infusion must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 3.

Dill

According to some reports, if planted next to the grapes (along the perimeter), then this will partly help protect the bushes from the considered fungal disease, but again, you should not rely heavily on such a folk trick.

Even the most pessimistic summer resident will be able to cure his grapes from mildew if he uses the entire arsenal of folk, chemical and biological means to combat a serious and dangerous disease.

Video: mildew grapes - description and development of the disease, methods of struggle ( fungicidal preparations and folk remedies)

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Generations of hard-working winegrowers have developed folk remedies to combat ailments and pests that threaten the well-being of plantings. Such methods of treating diseases are still used today. They are used together with modern chemicals.

Aphids - one of the pests of grapes

Pests

Harmful arthropods are frequent guests on the leaves of protected plants, spots and drying leaves clearly signal this. For prevention and treatment, growers treat bushes with both chemicals and natural solutions. The following is a list of the most commonly encountered small monsters and ways to deal with them or prevent their occurrence without resorting to industrial chemicals:

Aphid. Small pests the size of a couple of centimeters. From their proboscis, plants become frail, leaves curl and die, growth stops, sweet secretions appear on the leaves. Pests get on the plant on the scruff of their "ants", this is another outward sign the appearance of pests. Due to insects, the bushes become defenseless against viral diseases. Aphids bring special trouble to grape seedlings. Feast insects begin with tender and young parts of the plant.

Chemical preparations destroy not only aphids, but also thin out the ranks of their natural enemies. It is better to use folk remedies.

• The first step in the fight against aphids is washing with water. If it didn’t work out, you can use a soap or ash solution (300 g of soap or ash per 10 liters of water).
• A decoction of wormwood or tobacco, dandelion, citrus peels, celandine, hot pepper and yarrow effectively works. An infusion of onion peel, chopped garlic or tomato and potato tops works. take a large number of tops or husks, pour hot water and leave to infuse for several days.

Infusion of onion peel is effective against aphids

Phylloxera is an infamous species of aphid and concurrently: the scourge of vineyards. The problem of summer residents on a global scale. Once this pest devastated at least 6 million hectares of plantations: the owners could not find effective methods of control. Grape aphid is characterized by insane fertility. It comes in two types: the green variety prefers the leaves, and the brown variety prefers the roots. If you do not fight their gluttony, you can forget about the abundant harvest, and soon the bushes will die. Phylloxera spreads along with seedlings and chibouks, wind and water.

• Prevention of phylloxera consists in inspecting seedlings and destroying planting material at the slightest hint of the presence of an unexpected guest. The insect loves loose soil and, in order to avoid trouble, grapes are planted on sandy, clay soil.
• Phylloxera, like garlic on vampires, is affected by parsley, if planted under the bushes.
• The best way to fight is to flood the vineyard.

Phylloxera doesn't like parsley

Leaflet. Butterfly, which, like people, positively evaluates taste qualities grapes and considers them good food for their caterpillars. Leafworms lay their eggs on the leaves and shoots of grapes. Having hatched, the pest cubs crawl all over the bush and gnaw out the buds and leaves.

• Leaf rollers are attracted by baited traps. Bottles are hung between the bushes and filled with wine, sugar and vinegar. Enchanted by scents, the winged creatures voluntarily drown themselves and reduce the harm from their invasion.
• Another way to save the crop is tobacco dust, which is used in dry form, as a decoction or fumigation of her bushes. Treatment in a folk way: tobacco waste is insisted on warm water, dilute with water and add laundry soap to the solution in the ratio (100x10x40).
• From caterpillars that feed on leaves, spraying with decoctions of wormwood helps - the grass is boiled in water, filtered and the affected plant is treated for a week until there is no trace of insects.

Spider mite. Weaves a web around the place of residence, for which it got its name. The leaves bitten by this insect turn yellow or redden, depending on the variety, gradually dry out and end their life with a sad fall. As a result of the activities of this malicious creature, the taste of fruits is deteriorating.

• A tick is capable of causing exorbitant harm to a plant, but cannot oppose anything to a heavy downpour. Spraying with natural formulations of dandelion, garlic or onion peel, he also does not like. Take 100 g of husks (500 g of dandelions or heels of garlic heads), dilute in 5 liters of water and leave to infuse. After that, the anti-mite spray can be activated.

Grape leaf caterpillars don't like the taste of wormwood

Treatment of diseases

Sap-sucking arthropods are not the only threat to growth and yield. A neglected illness, treatment not taken on time - the causes of catastrophic losses not only of fruits, but also of bushes. The methods by which winegrowers cope with diseases are associated with the use of modern medicinal preparations. But this is far from the only way to improve the health of grapes.

Mildew. The most destructive of all fungal diseases . First discovered in North America, from where it spread throughout Europe and the vineyards of the CIS.

Mildew develops in a humid environment, with frequent rains and warm weather. When choosing seedlings, you should take note of this fact.

The first symptom of the disease is oily spots on the leaves with a white coating. The disease is complicated with the appearance of necrosis: the affected organs turn yellow, dry out and fall off. Inflorescences, ridges, including flowers and berries are affected. They can be saved by applying the following traditional methods of prevention and treatment.

• Mushrooms are born in fallen leaves and move from it to nearby poor fellows. To prevent infection, fallen leaves should be removed;
• Bushes need access to fresh air and ventilation, the only way to make a wish come true is to remember to regularly thin out the shoots;
• Wet surfaces are the natural habitat of malignant organisms and the wet foliage of a plant involuntarily contributes to the creation of their dirty deeds. Only the roots should be watered, protecting the upper part of the bushes from water. Drainage grooves will help in this matter;
• A decoction of garlic (75 g per 10 liters of water) or horsetail can be used to process bushes, instead of chemical solutions;
• Dill will scare away the infection if the latter is planted on guard around the protected treasure.

Dill plantations will protect the vineyard from mildew

Oidium, she is powdery mildew. Another of the most frequent misfortunes that can be fatal for grapes. As well as the previous trouble, it comes from America.

The symptom of the disease is strange behavior and appearance shoots. They begin to grow slowly, are sprinkled with ashy dust, and the foliage looks "unkempt", curly.

The berries dry out or burst. If you do not take action, the entire crop may die. The fungus develops within a week, especially quickly in high humidity and hot weather.

• Like mildew, oidium loves dense growth. Pruning is the main prevention of the disease.
• Tinctures will help from the disease: milk mixed with water (in a ratio of 1 to 10). Soda ash mixed with liquid soap and water (40 grams per 10 liters). A solution of potassium permanganate (take 5 grams per 10 liters). Spray the plant with the resulting substance.

Milk and water - a remedy for oidium

Gray rot affects all the green organs of the bush. This guest is stubborn and is not going to leave even with the onset of winter. His favorite weather is cold and wet. At this time, he climbs onto young shoots, especially those that do not have enough air and covers the plant with a gray dusty coating. The fungus especially likes clusters, which after a short time turn into a lump of indefinite shape and color. dry weather gray rot does not approve, therefore, during this period she is forced to be satisfied with berries. The inflorescences affected by it die off, and the fruits rot.

• Remove old and dead leaves, both those that have already fallen off, and those that still spoil the appearance of the grapes. Fallen leaves are a source of infection, do not forget about it;
• Mulching is a helping hand against various problems. It also protects against fungus.
• The first organs in the risk zone are parts of the plant damaged by grafting. The second - flower stalks leaning towards the ground. In one case, careful supervision will help, in the other, supports made of wire or other material.
• Damaged leaves and berries are the “problem area” of the plant, which is removed immediately to avoid a fatal infection.
• Instead of pesticides, treatment can be carried out with a solution of iodine (up to 1 ml) and water (1 liter). How to use: plentiful spraying during the growth and ripening of berries.

Traditional means of treating diseases have both disadvantages (not as deadly effectiveness as special drugs) and advantages. Among the latter: the absence of toxic components (nevertheless, the hero is a fruit-bearing plant and its berries must be safe for internal use). And relative cheapness: ingredients for solutions are easy to find, and cooking does not require special culinary knowledge.

We create wine, not grape juice, and what is left in the wine is just as important as what is added to it.

Jacques Boissenot

My article about healing properties grapes grape treatment a shorter version was published in April 2011 in the Gardener's Collection magazine No. 7, the topic Grapes and then reprinted several times. This article is reproduced here without abbreviations.

Grape treatment.

Almost everything is useful in grapes. But in moderation. In this article I will talk about the healing properties of grapes and its derivatives.

To begin with, there are no fruits like grapes in nature. Of course, its amazing taste, the beauty of the vine, and the fact that grapes are the initial component in winemaking speak in its favor. But the main thing is the unique composition of grapes. It corresponds to the very nature of man, therefore it can be useful for both the healthy and the sick.

Ripe grapes contain over 150 biologically active substances. In the skin of the berries there is wax, phytosterol substances - vitins, essential oil, tannins, in the pulp of berries - glycosides. Grape juice, depending on the variety, contains up to 20% sugars in the form of glucose and fructose, protein, fats, fiber, hemicellulose, pectins, pentosan, organic acids - tartaric, citric, oxalic, malic, vitamins: B1, B2, B6, B12, C, P, PP, folic acid. Grape leaves and twigs contain up to 2% sugars, a large amount of organic acids. In grape seeds - up to 20% fatty oil; tannins - flabofen; lecithin; vanillin and acetic acid, and, besides this, substances with antioxidant activity - pikgenols .. In the roots of a grape plant there are a lot of glycosides, tannins. vitamin C. All parts of the plant contain a large amount of salt Si, Na, P, Fe, Cu. Hippocrates, the founder of medicine, equated grapes with medicinal properties to honey and breast milk. IN ancient China grapes were delivered to all corners of the empire: for the table and certainly in pharmacies. Ancient Roman scientists - Pliny the Elder and Galon, the medieval thinker and physician Avicenna considered all parts and derivatives of this plant to be useful. Modern medicine agrees with him.

The founder of viticulture (ampelotherapy) in domestic medicine was the Yalta doctor V. Dmitriev. He proved that grapes, especially their dark-colored varieties, due to their high content of antioxidants, polyphenols, bioflavonoids, are extremely useful. It normalizes: heart rate, blood pressure, normalizes liver function, helps cleanse the body of toxins, increases the overall tone of the body and helps to recover from stress and physical exertion.

Ampelotherapy also gives amazing results with a low level of hemoglobin in the blood (anemia). In the treatment of grapes was used in two ways. The first included the consumption of berries, and the berry was not cracked with teeth, but crushed with the tongue against the palate, this made it possible to swallow the pulp with juice, and spit out the skin and bones. For people with weak intestines or children who have difficulty separating the grains and shells, a second treatment was prescribed - the use of grape juice. Grape juice is prescribed as a diaphoretic, diuretic, hypotensive, tonic, laxative, tonic. Due to the high content of glucose and fructose, it is recommended for malnourished people and for those recovering from infectious diseases, for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys and liver, gastrointestinal tract. The juice has a beneficial effect in diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract, is useful for gout, and helps to eliminate uric acid. Grapes and grape juice help to increase water-salt metabolism, which cleanses the body of uric acid, prevents the formation of stones, sand in the urinary tract. The pectin contained in the berries has a hemostatic property; in combination with fiber, it stimulates intestinal motility. After ampelotherapy, symptoms associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as shortness of breath, disappear, sleep normalizes, appetite increases, vitality is restored, and general metabolic processes in the body are normalized. Juice, a decoction of grape leaves alkalize urine, and therefore are prescribed in the presence of urate kidney stones.
IMPORTANT- in ampelotherapy, mainly red grape varieties are used, since beneficial features white grapes are also known, but significantly inferior to red.
Grapes are an effective anti-toxic agent. It is used for poisoning with arsenic, drugs, nitrates. Ampelotherapy leads to cleansing and restoration of the mineral balance of the body, strengthening the immune system, vision and nervous system. And grapes help with diseases of the liver, kidneys, pulmonary tuberculosis, gout, gastritis and peptic ulcer. According to US scientists, a new drug is currently under development (based on dark grapes and its components)
IMPORTANT. Grapes can also treat other diseases - but you need to be able to choose varieties. For example, Chasselas and Madeleine grape varieties help with metabolic disorders of fats, proteins and minerals. And the berries of the Chaush and Catalon varieties are recommended to be eaten with low stomach acidity (this condition, as you know, can lead to stomach cancer). Chronic bronchitis is best treated with varieties such as Isabella, Muscat and other aromatic berries of the same series. Variety "Isabella" is also recommended for the treatment of catarrhs ​​of the respiratory tract, "Muscat of Alexandria" is used for the treatment of sore throats. Many other Muscat grape varieties have phytoncidal properties that inhibit the growth of putrefactive intestinal flora and destroy E. coli. The popular variety, which grows well in the northern viticulture zone, has a high content of folic acid, so it is especially useful for children. Not inferior to the above in their healing power and many other varieties. But the Cabernet variety is recognized as the "king" of grapes. It is Cabernet and the Saperavi variety close to it in properties that contain all the beneficial properties of grapes, as they contain the largest amount of grape antioxidants-polyphenols-bioflavonoids: anthocyanins, resveratrol, dihydroquercetin, tannins and catechins. .
IMPORTANT. In order for grape treatment to give exactly the result you are counting on, remember a few rules:
Grapes should be consumed in the morning on an empty stomach. Divide the daily dose into three doses: 40 minutes before breakfast; 1 hour before lunch; 1.5 hours before dinner.
Fully ripened grapes, freshly prepared or pasteurized juice are suitable for treatment. It is best to choose grapes of the darkest (black) color with a bluish matte sheen. Thin-skinned, low-acid varieties are preferred.
Put in your mouth (and chew thoroughly) grape berries one at a time. The peel and grains should not be eaten.
Eat berries only 2-3 days after picking.
Before ampelotherapy, you should definitely visit a therapist, do a urine test - general and for sugar content. If the tests are in order, you can start treatment with grapes - you will need about one and a half to two months for the course. Remember that you start taking grapes with small doses (about 500g per day). - 2-kg (or juice -). . The daily rate should not exceed 2 kg of berries or 1.2 liters of freshly squeezed juice. The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks. For the first three days, eat 100 g of fruits 5 times a day, on the 4th day - up to 1 kg, gradually adding daily, on the 7th - up to 2 kg. in 3-4 doses. After that, for another 2 weeks, gradually reduce the dose of grapes.
When grapes are being treated, fatty foods, milk and dairy products, kvass, beer, alcoholic beverages, mineral waters, raw vegetables. Do not combine grapes with fatty and salty foods, kefir, milk, fresh vegetables and fruits, spirits, beer, sparkling water.
After each use, be sure to brush your teeth or rinse your mouth with a tooth elixir.
WITH therapeutic purpose dried grapes are also used - raisins. Raisins are especially useful for patients suffering from arrhythmias and heart weakness, as they contain a lot of potassium and easily digestible sugars needed by the heart muscle. Its action on the body is diverse - tonic, laxative, choleretic, diuretic, hematopoietic. Raisins are stronger than fresh grapes nervous system and heart, suppresses anger, "cleanses" the lymph, blood, lungs, liver and intestines. Of particular note is the healing properties of picgenol, a substance with antioxidant properties contained in grape seeds. It has pronounced anti-allergic properties. If there is cardiovascular insufficiency with a persistent increase in blood pressure and edema, then grapes cannot be treated. However, on the other hand, an infusion of grape leaves is used precisely for hypertension. Grape leaves are also used as part of fees in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Grape leaves have also been identified and successfully applied in the clinic for the treatment of diabetes sugar-lowering properties. Powder of dry grape leaves is externally used in the treatment of purulent wounds, as an antiseptic. Baths from grape leaves are recommended for skin diseases.

grape seeds- a storehouse of bioflavonoids and trace elements

With regular consumption of grapes with seeds, the human body will be protected from stress. In addition, grape seeds act as a natural antioxidant. Researchers believe that grape seeds have a beneficial effect on the human body, and also slow down the aging process. They set high content vitamin E, as well as such biologically active compounds as calcium and potassium. They are the foundation

One or another type of grape seed will stand out for its unique vitamin and mineral composition, and this directly depends on the grape variety. In addition, the calorie content of grape seeds also depends on the type.

However, it is worth noting that the average calorie content of grape seeds is at around 63 Kcal, which are contained in 100 grams of the product. Grape seeds are used to obtain valuable vegetable oil, as well as flour or grape powder, which is actively used in the confectionery industry, medicine and pharmacology. However, you should not use bones if you have gastrointestinal diseases or if your appendix has not been removed.

Already proven healing grape apiary.

* Contraindications. Ampelotherapy is unacceptable for those who suffer from acute and chronic enterocolitis, ulcerative inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and intestines, with acute forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, uremia, purulent processes in the body. cirrhosis of the liver; chronic diseases kidneys; complications after stomach surgery; empyema of the gallbladder; acute caries and stomatitis. Treatment with grapes and overweight people is contraindicated. For those who are sick diabetes- only slightly sweet varieties of grapes are allowed, for example, Agat Donskoy, and grape leaves are very useful. During pregnancy, lactation and in some other cases, grape treatment should be strictly controlled by doctors. Health to you!

If you are interested in this, or if something - Like, then CLICK on the button below and SHARE THIS INFO on your social networks or websites, it's not difficult for you, but I'm very pleased :). Thank you!

Sincerely, Olena Nepomnyashchaya.

ECOgardener

Diseases of grapes (photo) and its treatment in a private economy

How to identify grape diseases from a photo and how to treat them is a difficult task for beginner gardeners. But the process of growing vines is not as simple as it seems at first glance. And the main problem that arises in this case is diseases that can seriously damage the vines. What diseases are these bushes susceptible to, and how to deal with them in a private economy, let's figure it out.

Grape diseases (with photo) and how to treat infections

Often, gardeners are faced with the fact that spots appear on the foliage of the grapes, as well as on the shoots, the leaves turn yellow, curl up, fall off. All these symptoms say that the grape bush is “sick”. Why is this happening? Most often, the cause of the disease lies in improper care behind the vines of this plant. Gardeners do not do timely pruning of excess shoots, watering is too frequent and plentiful, preventive treatment of vines from possible diseases is not carried out. Sometimes the weather also “helps” the emergence and development of certain diseases - too rainy and cold summers, frequent temperature fluctuations are a factor that helps many fungal diseases develop.

What types of diseases are more common on vines

All diseases of these perennials are conventionally divided into two categories:

• on fungal;
• for viral and bacterial.

The first diseases are quite well known to growers, as they appear on the bushes too often. Usually, various fungicides are effective in combating them. But this is usually a rather “hard” chemistry, and for an effective “fight” it is necessary to withstand not only the dosage, but also the timing of repeated treatments. In addition, for subsequent spraying, you need to change the group of the drug. In a private economy, this is almost unrealistic. Therefore, in the ECOGarden for All project, we only mention pesticides in passing, focusing more on folk methods and biopreparations.

But viral and bacterial diseases are even more serious. Most often, infected vines have to be removed. In the place where diseased bushes grew, sometimes plants cannot be planted for several years, and other quarantine measures must also be carried out.

Fungal diseases of the vineyard

Mildew

On vines, this disease is most common. Downy mildew is very dangerous for these perennials and almost always requires constant application. chemicals. In wet rainy seasons, a significant part of the crop dies on the bushes because of it, and if the fight against this type of powdery mildew is carried out incorrectly, then it is possible not to harvest from diseased bushes at all.

The disease came to Europe from the United States along with new grape varieties. Mildew was first discovered in vineyards in France in 1878. In our country, this disease was first discovered in Bessarabian vineyards in 1885. Further, the disease spread to grape bushes growing in the Caucasus, in the Crimea and in the Krasnodar Territory. Subsequently, mildew spread to other regions of Russia and the CIS. Previously, this disease was almost never seen in Central Asia, as it is too hot and dry there, which did not contribute to the development of fungal diseases. But the fungus mutated and now this region is quite susceptible to the aggression of the phytopathogen.

Mildew is caused by Plasmopara viticola Berl. et de Toni - microscopic fungi that affect all above-ground parts of grape bushes. Small spots of yellow color appear on the foliage, which can shine through in the light. They look like traces of oil. WITH reverse side foliage simultaneously appears plaque white color which is easy to wipe off with your finger. But soon it appears again - it is the spores of the fungus that ripen. Over time, the spots change color from yellow to brown, then begin to dry.

If the disease has severely affected the shoots and foliage, then the diseased bush may be left completely without foliage in the middle of the season. Moreover, the fungus penetrates the shoots and leaves, in which case it is no longer possible to cope with it and you have to uproot the diseased plant.

• At the beginning of the disease, it is customary to use strong chemicals(Tsineb, Kuproksat, Polyhom, Khometsin), pick off diseased leaves and cut off diseased shoots - in this case, you can try to save the vine. All diseased parts of the plant should preferably be burned immediately.
• To prevent moisture from entering the bush, polycarbonate sheds are constructed, and the plant almost always survives to harvest, and the vine ripens well for wintering.
• Folk remedy - iodine with milk. For 10 liters of water, take 1 liter of skimmed milk and 20 drops of iodine. Sprayed regularly with an interval of 10 days.

oidium

Powdery mildew (ashtray, Uncinula necator Burril), in the anamorphic stage known as Tucker's oidium (Oidium tuckeri berk.), infects the vineyard almost as often as mildew. The fungus also came to our continent from America in the 19th century. Any aerial parts of the plant can be affected. If a bloom appeared on the foliage gray color- this is oidium. And this misfortune appears at any time of the season.

favorable conditions for the development of fungi - hot time (up to +25 degrees Celsius). But heavy heavy rains are able to wash away the plaque from the foliage and shoots, thereby stopping the further development of the disease.

If ripening fruits are affected, then their skin (even dense enough) cracks, clusters with such fruits cannot be eaten. It is necessary to start the fight against this disease in a timely manner, otherwise you can lose the harvest this season, and in the future - be left without grape bushes at all.

• From biological products good results gives spraying of bushes with Stimiks, carry out 3-4 treatments per season.
• A folk remedy for oidium is food or biosoda. For 4 liters of water, 3 tbsp. spoons of powder and 1 tbsp. spoon liquid soap. Grapes are sprayed immediately. Well, do not forget to prepare and use an infusion of rotten hay from powdery mildew - this is the safest folk remedy that contributes not only to treatment, but also to feeding the grapes.

Gray rot

Gray plaque is the main symptom this disease, and it appears on all parts of the vine. Caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. First, brown spots form on the berries, then the skin cracks and the bunch is covered with a gray fluffy coating.

Berries affected by gray rot are not suitable for food. Moreover, if one berry in a bunch is affected, then after a while the disease affects all the berries.

For preventive purposes, it is necessary to carry out green operations on bushes in a timely manner (fragmentation and tying of shoots, thinning), as well as spraying with a tank mixture of Fitosporin-M + Alirin-B + Gamair biological products, or Stimiks.

black rot

With this form of fungal disease, which is caused by the fungus Guingnardia bidwellii, small depressed spots appear on the foliage and fruits. purple hue which are gradually increasing. Affected leaves and fruits dry out and fall off.

In order to avoid infection, regular spraying is carried out with a tank mixture of biological products Fitosporin-M + Alirin-B + Gamair, or Stimiks.

Alternariosis

The main symptom of this disease are spots (silver or brown) that appear on any above-ground parts of plants. Favorable conditions for the development of this disease caused by the fungus Alternaria vitis Cavara are too long spring.

For treatment during the period when the air temperature rises above +15 °, Trichodermin is used. 5-6 treatments are carried out with an interval of 3 weeks.

Verticillosis

This disease is characterized by rapid wilting of the stems. If the disease proceeds in an acute form, then the foliage quickly turns yellow and falls off. This is a wound infection - the fungus enters the shoots through broken branches or from the soil.

Wilt clogs the vessels of the plant, so we see its signs when the plant is already dying, it is too late to treat it. In the soil, the fungus Verticillium dahliae can remain viable for up to 5 years, so new seedlings should not be planted in the infected area after removing the vines earlier than after this period of time.

Armillariasis

The main symptom of the disease, the causative agent of which is Armillariella mellea, is wilting of the foliage and damage to the root system. The roots change their color to brown, begin to rot. This disease manifests itself in spring period, and after the summer, inedible mushrooms begin to grow on the vine. Toxins of the fungus are extremely poisonous, and cause the death of the plant.

When a disease is detected, treatment, as a rule, is already too late, they resort to uprooting the bushes.

Bacterial cancer (bacteriosis of grapes)

The multiple appearance of tuberculate protrusions on the vines suggests that it is too late to treat the grapes. Until now, drugs have not yet been invented that could defeat this disease. Therefore, the only way to combat bacterial cancer is to dig up and destroy the entire bush. In this place it is impossible to grow such a crop for 3-4 seasons.

However, many summer residents excise the tumor to living tissue and use the following drugs for antibiotic therapy:

• Fitolavin. A preparation containing a complex of soil antibiotics;
• Gamair. This is a bacterium that has a positive effect on root development;
• Phytoplasmin. Combination different types natural antibiotics.

Apoplexy (Esca)

This disease affects grape bushes, leading to their rapid death. Together with the tinder fungus, pathogenic cultures penetrate the plant (a complex of fungi, among which are Fomitiporia punctata, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phellinus igniarius, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phellinus punctatus, Stereum hirsutum), which release toxic substances. As a result, the conducting system of the vine is destroyed, perennial wood dies. Apoplexy often affects weakened plants.

Of course, it is too late to treat apoplexy. But in order to prevent the appearance of Eski, it is necessary to achieve good growth vines. So to speak, so that even in the presence of a tinder fungus, new tissues have time to grow well. Good nutrition without excess nitrogen will help this: compost, constant mulching with organic residues and regular feeding with wood ash. Stimix treatments also give excellent results.

Viral diseases of the vine

These grape diseases have not yet been fully studied. These diseases are known to be caused by a group of viruses that are spread by soil nematodes. The main viral diseases of grape bushes:

• infectious chlorosis or yellow mosaic;
• rezuha mosaic, etc.

The main symptoms of these diseases:

• vines do not develop fast enough;
• ovaries die off;
• foliage is deformed;
• leaves acquire an uncharacteristic color;
• the wood of the shoots begins to crack.

There are no drugs that could rid grapes of these diseases. Therefore, damaged plants must be dug up and destroyed. Ash after burning diseased plants is unsuitable as a fertilizer. In the place where diseased bushes grew, new grape seedlings should not be grown for at least 5 seasons.

Finally, a short video where our colleague shows signs of disease on grape bushes:

For today, this is all I wanted to tell you about grape diseases (with photo) and how to treat the main diseases that affect the vineyard. Each of them is serious, which should be dealt with immediately upon detection of signs of infection. Otherwise, one diseased bush can become a source of infection for the entire vineyard.

Grapes are grown in many garden plots - its tasty and healthy fruits are very good. But in order to reap a good harvest, winegrowers have to work hard. Numerous diseases of this berry crop take especially a lot of time and effort.

Unfortunately, grape varieties that do not get sick have not yet been bred. All kinds of fungi and bacteria cause diseases of leaves, shoots, spoil the appearance of the vine and, of course, affect the crop, sometimes destroying it completely.

First, the diseases appear on the green parts of the plant - leaves and shoots, and only then they also capture the berries. At the first sign, you need to take immediate action, because without treatment, the entire bush may die.

Today on the site "Popular about Health" we will talk about leaf diseases in grapes and the treatment used in each case. Here is a photo of the leaves to illustrate.

Common grape diseases

black spot

The causative agent is a fungus that lives in places with high humidity. It affects the entire plant. On the leaves, the disease (photo) appears as black dots along the veins. Then they increase to the size of spots, around which a light border is visible. The plate loses its elasticity, tears form on it, curl develops. The grape leaves turn yellow and fall off.

Leaf treatment: In the spring, fungicide treatment is carried out: Kuproksat, Ridomil and Horus. You can use Thiovit or Jet.

Folk remedy for treatment: Unfortunately, the disease is difficult to cure, so the affected vines are easier to prune. To prevent the spread of the fungus, the bush is treated with Euparen's solution. After harvesting, the bush and soil are sprayed with copper-containing solutions.

rubella leaf

It is also a fungal infection. It usually occurs in the summer when there is not enough moisture. Or the cause is a lack mineral fertilizers. The lower leaves are affected first, gradually the fungus spreads to the upper ones.

Yellowish-brown spots appear on the leaf plates of white grape varieties. On dark - burgundy.

What should be the treatment for this disease? To prevent further infection, diseased parts of the plant are removed. After that, the bush is treated with Rovral or Mikal preparations. Spraying with a solution of copper oxychloride (0.3%), cuprosan (0.4%) or Bordeaux liquid (1%) is also effective.

Folk treatment of leaves: To combat this disease, gardeners often use a solution of water (10), ash (1) and dark laundry soap(5). The bush is treated every 10 days, throughout the season.

Alternariosis

This disease is caused by a fungus that is activated in warm weather with high humidity. It affects the whole plant, but the leaves are the first to suffer. Spots form on them, in the center of which necrotic changes are observed.

Treatment of the disease: In the spring, the plant is treated with products containing copper, for example, Ridomil. When clusters begin to form, Kvardis is used. Affected leaves are removed.

Folk remedy for the disease: the leaves on both sides are well sprayed with infusion of pure mullein - 3 kg per bucket of water. Shoots and fruits are also carefully processed.

Downy mildew (Mildew)

A very common disease. It begins with the appearance of light oily spots on the leaves. After a short time, a white fluff grows on the underside, where the mycelium is located.

What should be the treatment for the leaves? To fight with powdery mildew pretty hard. However, if this is done regularly, taking prompt action at the earliest stage of the lesion, the result is usually positive.

First of all, you should cut off and burn the damaged leaves, and spray the bush with Ridomil, Antrakol, or use Horus or Strobi preparations. In autumn, all fallen leaves should be removed and burned.

Alternative treatment grapes: A decoction of garlic heads has a good effect: 100 g per 10 liters of water. Many plant dill around the grapes, which prevents the fungus from developing.

Oidium (powdery mildew)

Characterized by the appearance white plaque on the leaves, which soon darkens, forming dark brown spots. With the development of the disease, the leaf plates dry up and die. Further, shoots and fruits are affected.

Use these leaf products: Topaz, Skor or Bayeleton. They process the entire bush completely.

Apply a folk remedy for the disease: You need to prepare a solution from a liter of milk to a bucket of water, which is sprayed on the plant. Also effective is a solution of soda ash(40g) per 10 liters of water. Instead of soda, you can take potassium permanganate - 5 g.

Disease prevention

If you regularly carry out the prevention of ailments and follow the rules for growing vines, the likelihood of grapes being affected by some kind of infection is significantly reduced, since dangerous foci are destroyed in a timely manner, even before they develop. Here are some basic care tips:

Periodic watering, without overflows and drought;

Regular feeding mineral compositions, organic fertilizers;

Mandatory, timely sanitary pruning of vines and shoots, removal of damaged branches and leaves.

Preventive treatment with weak solutions of fungicides, which is carried out in early spring;

Basic preventive spraying all summer and autumn processing after pruning the vine.

Careful care, regular prevention and timely treatment will help keep the plants healthy, contribute to their development and abundant fruiting.